#reptile__reptilian  any cold-blooded vertebrate of the class Reptilia including tortoises turtles snakes lizards alligators crocodiles and extinct forms
  supertype:  vertebrate__craniate  animals having a bony or cartilaginous skeleton with a segmented spinal column and a large brain enclosed in a skull or cranium
  member of:  class_Reptilia
  subtype:  anapsid_reptile__anapsid  primitive reptile having no opening in the temporal region of the skull; all extinct except turtles
     subtype:  chelonian_reptile__chelonianreptile__chelonian  a reptile of the order Chelonia
        subtype:  turtle  any of various aquatic and land reptiles having a bony shell and flipper-like limbs for swimming
           subtype:  sea_turtle__seaturtle__marine_turtle  any of various large turtles with limbs modified into flippers; widely distributed in warm seas
              subtype:  green_turtle__greenturtle__Chelonia_mydas  large tropical turtle with greenish flesh used for turtle soup
              subtype:  loggerhead_turtle__loggerhead__Caretta_caretta  very large carnivorous sea turtle; wide ranging in warm open seas
              subtype:  ridley  a marine turtle
                 subtype:  Atlantic_ridley__bastard_ridley__bastardridley__bastard_turtle__bastardturtle__Lepidochelys_kempii  gray sea turtle of the Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
                 subtype:  Pacific_ridley__olive_ridley__oliveridley__Lepidochelys_olivacea  olive-colored sea turtle of tropical Pacific and Indian and South Atlantic oceans
              subtype:  hawksbill_turtle__hawksbillturtle__hawksbill__hawkbill__tortoiseshell_turtle__tortoiseshellturtle__Eretmochelys_imbricata  pugnacious tropical sea turtle with a hawk-like beak; source of food and the best tortoiseshell
              subtype:  leatherback_turtle__leatherbackturtle__leatherback__leatheryturtle__Dermochelys_coriacea  wide ranging marine turtle with flexible leathery carapace; largest living turtle
           subtype:  snapping_turtle  large aggressive freshwater turtle with powerful jaws
              subtype:  common_snapping_turtle__snapper__chelydraserpentina  large-headed turtle with powerful hooked jaws found in or near water; prone to bite
              subtype:  alligator_snapping_turtle__alligator_snapper__alligatorsnapper__Macroclemys_temmincki  large species having three ridges on its back; found in southeastern United States
           subtype:  mud_turtle__mudturtle  bottom-dwelling freshwater turtle inhabiting muddy rivers of North and Central America
              subtype:  musk_turtle__stinkpot  small freshwater turtle having a strong musky odor
           subtype:  terrapin  any of various edible North American web-footed turtles living in fresh or brackish water
              subtype:  diamondback_terrapin__diamondbackterrapin__Malaclemys_centrata  of marshes along Atlantic and Gulf coasts of United States
           subtype:  red-bellied_terrapin__redbelliedterrapin__red-bellied_turtle__redbelliedturtle__redbelly__Pseudemys_rubriventris  freshwater turtle of Chesapeake bay tributaries having red markings on the lower shell
           subtype:  yellow-bellied_terrapin__slider__Pseudemys_scripta  freshwater turtle of United States and South America; frequently raised commercially; some young sold as pets
           subtype:  river_cooter__rivercooter__cooter__Pseudemys_concinna  large river turtle of the southern United States and northern Mexico
           subtype:  box_turtle__boxturtle__box_tortoise__boxtortoise  chiefly terrestrial turtle of North America; shell can be closed tightly
              subtype:  Western_box_turtle__Terrapene_ornata  primarily a prairie turtle of western United States and northern Mexico
           subtype:  painted_turtle__paintedturtle__painted_terrapin__paintedterrapin__painted_tortoise__paintedtortoise__chrysemyspicta  freshwater turtles having bright yellow and red markings; common in the eastern United States
           subtype:  tortoise  usually herbivorous land turtles having clawed elephant-like limbs; worldwide in arid area except Australia and Antarctica
              subtype:  European_tortoise__Testudo_graeca  small land tortoise of southern Europe
              subtype:  giant_tortoise__gianttortoise  very large tortoises of the Galapagos and Seychelles islands
              subtype:  gopher_tortoise__gopher_turtle__gopher__Gopherus_polypemus  burrowing edible land tortoise of southeastern North America
              subtype:  desert_tortoise__Gopherus_agassizii  burrowing tortoise of the arid western United States and northern Mexico; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
              subtype:  Texas_tortoise  close relative to the desert tortoise; may be reclassified as a member of genus Xerobates
           subtype:  soft-shelled_turtle__pancake_turtle__pancaketurtle  voracious aquatic turtle with a flat flexible shell covered by a leathery skin; can inflict painful bites
              subtype:  spiny_softshell__spinysoftshell__Trionyx_spiniferus  river turtle of western United States with a warty shell; prefers quiet water
              subtype:  smooth_softshell__Trionyx_muticus  river turtle of Mississippi basin; prefers running water
  subtype:  diapsid_reptile__diapsid  reptile having a pair of openings in the skull behind each eye
     subtype:  tuatara__Sphenodon_punctatum  only extant member of the order Rhynchocephalia of large spiny lizard-like diapsid reptiles of coastal islands off New Zealand
     subtype:  saurian  any of various reptiles of the suborder Sauria which includes lizards; in former classifications included also the crocodiles and dinosaurs
        subtype:  lizard  relatively long-bodied reptile with usually two pairs of legs and a tapering tail
           subtype:  gecko  any of various small chiefly tropical and usually nocturnal insectivorous terrestrial lizards typically with immovable eyelids; completely harmless
              subtype:  flying_gecko__fringed_gecko__fringedgecko__Ptychozoon_homalocephalum  having membranous expansions along sides of body and limbs and tail
              subtype:  banded_gecko  any of several geckos with dard bands across the body and differing from typical geckos in having movable eyelids; of United States southwest and gulf coast to Florida
           subtype:  iguanid_lizard__iguanidlizard__iguanid  lizards of the New World and Madagascar and some Pacific islands; typically having a long tail and bright throat patch in males
              subtype:  common_iguana__iguana__Iguana_iguana  large herbivorous tropical American arboreal lizards with a spiny crest along the back; used as human food in Central and South America
              subtype:  marine_iguana__Amblyrhynchus_cristatus  shore-dwelling seaweed-eating lizard of the Galapagos Islands
              subtype:  desert_iguana__Dipsosaurus_dorsalis  small long-tailed lizard of arid areas of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
              subtype:  chuckwalla__Sauromalus_obesus  rock-dwelling herbivorous lizard of arid parts of southwestern United States and Mexico
              subtype:  zebra-tailed_lizard__gridiron-tailed_lizard__Callisaurus_draconoides  swift lizard with long black-banded tail and long legs; of deserts of United States and Mexico
              subtype:  fringe-toed_lizard__Uma_notata  with long pointed scales around toes; of deserts of United States and Mexico
              subtype:  earless_lizard__earlesslizard  any of several slender lizards without external ear openings: of plains of western United States and Mexico
              subtype:  collared_lizard  any of several robust long-tailed lizards with collars of two dark bands; of central and western United States and northern Mexico
              subtype:  leopard_lizard__leopardlizard  any of several large lizards with many dark spots; of western United States and northern Mexico
              subtype:  spiny_lizard__spinylizard  any of numerous lizards with overlapping ridged pointed scales; of North and Central America
                 subtype:  fence_lizard__fencelizard  spiny lizard often seen basking on fences in the United States and northern Mexico
                    subtype:  western_fence_lizard__westernfencelizard__swift__blue-belly__Sceloporus_occidentalis  common western lizard; seen on logs or rocks
                    subtype:  eastern_fence_lizard__easternfencelizard__pine_lizard__Sceloporus_undulatus  small active lizard of United States and north to British Columbia
                 subtype:  sagebrush_lizard__sagebrushlizard__Sceloporus_graciosus  a ground dweller that prefers open ground and scattered low bushes; of United States west between Rocky and Sierra Nevada Mountains
              subtype:  side-blotched_lizard__sand_lizard__Uta_stansburiana  one of the most abundant lizards in the arid western United States
              subtype:  tree_lizard__Urosaurus_ornatus  a climbing lizard of western United States and northern Mexico
              subtype:  horned_lizard__horned_toad__horny_frog__hornyfrog  insectivorous lizard with hornlike spines on the head and spiny scales on the body; of western North America
                 subtype:  Texas_horned_lizard__Phrynosoma_cornutum  of arid and semiarid open country
              subtype:  basilisk  small crested arboreal lizard able to run on its hind legs; of tropical America
              subtype:  American_chameleon__anole__Anolis_carolinensis  small arboreal tropical American insectivorous lizards with the ability to change skin color
           subtype:  worm_lizard  a lizard of the genus Amphisbaena; harmless wormlike limbless lizard of warm or tropical regions having concealed eyes and ears and a short blunt tail
           subtype:  night_lizard__nightlizard  small secretive nocturnal lizard of southwestern North America and Cuba; bear live young
           subtype:  skink__scincid__scincidlizard  alert agile lizard with reduced limbs and an elongated body covered with shiny scales; more dependent on moisture than most lizards; found in tropical regions worldwide
              subtype:  western_skink__westernskink__Eumeces_skiltonianus  found in western North American grasslands and open woodlands
              subtype:  mountain_skink__Eumeces_callicephalus  frequents oak and pine habitats in rocky mountainous areas of United States southwest and Mexico
           subtype:  teiid_lizard__teiidlizard__teiid  tropical New World lizard with a long tail and large rectangular scales on the belly and a long tail
              subtype:  whiptail_lizard__whiptail  any of numerous very agile and alert New World lizards
                 subtype:  six-lined_racerunner__sixlinedracerunner__racerunner__race_runner__Cnemidophorus_sexlineatus  very swift lizard of eastern and central United States
                 subtype:  plateau_striped_whiptail__plateaustripedwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_velox  having distinct longitudinal stripes: of Colorado Plateau from Arizona to western Colorado
                 subtype:  Chihuahuan_spotted_whiptail__Cnemidophorus_exsanguis  having longitudinal stripes overlaid with light spots; upland lizard of United States southwest and Mexico
                 subtype:  western_whiptail__westernwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tigris  active lizard having a network of dusky dark markings; of semiarid areas from Oregon and Idaho to Baja California
                 subtype:  checkered_whiptail__checkeredwhiptail__Cnemidophorus_tesselatus  markings are darker and more marked than in western whiptail; from southeastern Colorado to eastern Chihuahua
              subtype:  teju  large (to 3 feet) blackish yellow-banded South American lizard; raid henhouses; used as food
              subtype:  caiman_lizard  crocodile-like lizard of South America having powerful jaws for crushing snails and mussels
           subtype:  agamid_lizard__agamid  a lizard of the family Agamidae
              subtype:  agama  small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World
              subtype:  frilled_lizard__frilledlizard__Chlamydosaurus_kingi  large arboreal insectivorous Australian lizard with a ruff of skin around the neck
              subtype:  flying_dragon__dragon__flying_lizard  any of several small tropical Asian lizards capable of gliding by spreading winglike membranes on each side of the body
              subtype:  moloch  any lizard of the genus Moloch
                 subtype:  mountain_devil__spiny_lizard__spinylizard__molochhorridu  desert lizard that feeds on ants
           subtype:  anguid_lizard  any of a small family of lizards widely distributed in warm areas; all are harmless and useful as destroyers of e.g. slugs and insects
              subtype:  alligator_lizard__alligatorlizard  slim short-limbed lizard having a distinctive fold on each side that permits expansion; of western North America
              subtype:  blindworm__slowworm__Anguis_fragilis  small burrowing legless European lizard with tiny eyes; popularly believed to be blind
              subtype:  glass_lizard__glasslizard__glass_snake__glasssnake__joint_snake__jointsnake  snakelike lizard of Europe Asia and North America with vestigial hind limbs and the ability to regenerate its long fragile tail
           subtype:  legless_lizard__leglesslizard  degenerate wormlike burrowing lizard of California closely related to alligator lizards
           subtype:  Lanthanotus_borneensis  a stout-bodied pleurodont lizard of Borneo
           subtype:  venomous_lizard  any of two or three large heavy-bodied lizards; only known venomous lizards
              subtype:  Gila_monster__Heloderma_suspectum  large orange and black lizard of southwestern United States; not dangerous unless molested
              subtype:  Mexican_beaded_lizard__beaded_lizard__Heloderma_horridum  lizard with black and yellowish beadlike scales; of western Mexico
           subtype:  lacertid_lizard__lacertid  Old World terrestrial lizard
              subtype:  sand_lizard__Lacerta_agilis  a common and widely distributed lizard of Europe and central Asia
              subtype:  green_lizard__greenlizard__lacertaviridi  a common Eurasian lizard about a foot long
           subtype:  chameleon__chamaeleon  lizard of Africa and Madagascar able to change skin color and having a projectile tongue
              subtype:  African_chameleon__Chamaeleo_chamaeleon  a chameleon found in Africa
              subtype:  horned_chameleon__Chamaeleo_oweni  a kind of chameleon
           subtype:  monitor_lizard__monitorlizard__monitor__varan  any of various large tropical carnivorous lizards of Africa Asia and Australia; fabled to warn of crocodiles
              subtype:  African_monitor__Varanus_niloticus  destroys crocodile eggs
              subtype:  Komodo_dragon__Komodo_lizard__dragon_lizard__giant_lizard__giantlizard__Varanus_komodoensis  the largest lizard in the world (10 feet); found on Indonesian islands
     subtype:  archosaur__archosaurian__archosaurian_reptile  extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts
        subtype:  dinosaur  any of numerous extinct terrestrial reptiles of the Mesozoic era
           subtype:  ornithischian_dinosaur__ornithischiandinosaur__ornithischian  herbivorous dinosaur with a pelvis like that of a bird
              subtype:  pisanosaur__pisanosaurus  primitive dinosaur found in Argentina
              subtype:  staurikosaur__staurikosaurus  primitive dinosaur found in Brazil
              subtype:  armored_dinosaur__armoreddinosaur  dinosaurs having bony armour
                 subtype:  stegosaur__stegosaurus__stegosauru__Stegosaur_stenops  herbivorous ornithischian dinosaur with a row of bony plates along its back and a spiked tail probably used as a weapon
                 subtype:  ankylosaur__ankylosaurus  having the back covered with thick bony plates; thought to have walked with a sprawling gait resembling a lizard's
                    subtype:  Edmontonia  heavily armored and highly spiked dinosaur with semi-upright posture
              subtype:  bone-headed_dinosaur  bipedal herbivorous dinosaurs with bony crowns
                 subtype:  pachycephalosaur__pachycephalosaurus  bipedal herbivore having 10 inches of bone atop its head; largest bone-headed dinosaur ever found
              subtype:  ceratopsian__horned_dinosaur  any of several four-footed herbivorous horned dinosaurs with enormous beaked skulls; of the late Cretaceous in North America and Mongolia
                 subtype:  protoceratops__protoceratop  small horned dinosaur
                 subtype:  triceratops__triceratop  huge ceratopsian dinosaur having three horns and the neck heavily armored with a very solid frill
                 subtype:  styracosaur__styracosaurus__styracosauru  an unusual ceratopsian dinosaur having many large spikes around the edge of its bony frill and a long nose horn; late Cretaceous
                 subtype:  psittacosaur__psittacosaurus  primitive dinosaur actually lacking horns and having only the beginning of a frill; long hind and short front limbs; may have been bipedal
              subtype:  ornithopod_dinosaur__ornithopod  bipedal herbivorous dinosaur
              subtype:  hadrosaur__hadrosaurus__hadrosauru__duck-billed_dinosaur  any of numerous large bipedal ornithischian dinosaurs having a horny duck-like bill and webbed feet; may have been partly aquatic
                 subtype:  anatotitan  one of the largest and most famous duck-billed dinosaurs
                 subtype:  corythosaur__corythosaurus__corythosauru  duck-billed dinosaur with nasal passages that expand into a crest like a hollow helmet
                 subtype:  edmontosaurus__edmontosauru  duck-billed dinosaur from Canada found as a fossilized mummy with skin
                 subtype:  trachodon__trachodont  large duck-billed dinosaur of the Upper Cretaceous
           subtype:  iguanodon  massive herbivorous bipedal dinosaur with a long heavy tail; common in Europe and North Africa; early Cretaceous
           subtype:  saurischian_dinosaur__saurischiandinosaur__saurischian  herbivorous or carnivorous dinosaur having a three-pronged pelvis like that of a crocodile
              subtype:  sauropod_dinosaur__sauropod  very large herbivorous dinosaur of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a small head a long neck and tail and five-toed limbs; largest known land animal
                 subtype:  apatosaur__apatosaurus__brontosaur__brontosaurus__thunder_lizard__thunderlizard__Apatosaurus_excelsus  huge quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur common in N. America in the late Jurassic
                 subtype:  barosaur__barosaurus  5-story-tall dinosaur
              subtype:  theropod_dinosaur__theropod__bird-footed_dinosaur  any of numerous carnivorous dinosaurs of the Triassic to Cretaceous with short forelimbs that walked or ran on strong hind legs
                 subtype:  ceratosaur__ceratosaurus  primitive medium-sized theropod; swift-running bipedal carnivorous dinosaur having grasping hands with sharp claws and a short horn between the nostrils; Jurassic in North America
                    subtype:  coelophysis__coelophysi  one of the oldest known dinosaurs; late Triassic; cannibalistic
                 subtype:  carnosaur  large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having huge claws
                 subtype:  tyrannosaur__tyrannosauru__Tyrannosaurus_rex  large carnivorous bipedal dinosaur having enormous teeth with knifelike serrations; may have been a scavenger rather than an active predator; Upper Cretaceous; North America
                 subtype:  allosaur__allosaurus  late Jurassic carnivorous dinosaur; similar to but somewhat smaller than tyrannosaurus
                 subtype:  compsognathus__compsognathu  very small bipedal carnivorous dinosaur of the late Jurassic in Bavaria
                 subtype:  herrerasaur__herrerasaurus__herrerasauru  a kind of theropod dinosaur found in Argentina
                 subtype:  eoraptor  a theropod dinosaur of the genus Eoraptor
                 subtype:  megalosaur__megalosaurus  gigantic carnivorous bipedal dinosaur of the Jurassic or early Cretaceous in Europe
                 subtype:  ornithomimid  lightly built medium-sized dinosaur having extremely long limbs and necks with small heads and big brains and large eyes
                    subtype:  struthiomimus__struthiomimu  small light-boned toothless dinosaur resembling an ostrich in size and proportions
                    subtype:  deinocheirus  lightly built medium-sized theropod with long limbs and neck
                 subtype:  maniraptor  advanced carnivorous theropod
                    subtype:  oviraptorid  advanced carnivorous theropod
                    subtype:  velociraptor  small active carnivore that probably fed on protoceratops; possibly related more closely to birds than to other dinosaurs
                    subtype:  dromaeosaur  a kind of maniraptor
                    subtype:  deinonychus__deinonychu  swift agile wolf-sized bipedal dinosaur having a large curved claw on each hind foot; of the Cretaceous
                    subtype:  utahraptor__superslasher  large (20-ft) and swift carnivorous dinosaur having an upright 15-in slashing claw on each hind foot; early Cretaceous
                    subtype:  Mononychus_olecranus  75-million-year-old turkey-sized long-legged fossil found in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia having birdlike fused wrist bones and keeled breastbone and a long tail resembling a dinosaur's; short 3-inch-long forelimbs end in a single claw instead of wings; classification as bird or dinosaur is in dispute
           subtype:  diplodocus  huge quadrupedal herbivore with long neck and tail; of late Jurassic in western N. America
           subtype:  titanosaur__titanosaurian  amphibious quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur with a long thin neck and whiplike tail; of the Cretaceous mostly in the southern hemisphere
              subtype:  genus_Argentinosaurus  enormous dinosaur of the middle Cretaceous found in Argentina
           subtype:  argentinosaur  huge herbivorous dinosaur of Cretaceous found in Argentina
           subtype:  ground-shaker__seismosaur  huge herbivorous dinosaur of the Cretaceous found in western North America
        subtype:  pterosaur__flying_reptile  extinct flying reptile of the Jurassic and Cretaceous having a birdlike beak and membranous wings supported by the very long fourth digit of each forelimb
           subtype:  pterodactyl  extinct flying reptile
        subtype:  thecodont_reptile__thecodontreptile__thecodont  presumably in the common ancestral line to dinosaurs and crocodiles and birds
        subtype:  ichthyosaur  any of several marine reptiles of the Mesozoic having a body like a porpoise with dorsal and tail fins and paddle-shaped limbs
           subtype:  ichthyosaurus__ichthyosauru  ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic
           subtype:  stenopterygius__Stenopterygius_quadrisicissus  an ichthyosaur of the genus Stenopterygius
        subtype:  plesiosaur__plesiosaurus  extinct marine reptile with a small head on a long neck a short tail and four paddle-shaped limbs; of the Jurassic and Cretaceous
        subtype:  nothosaur  extinct marine reptile with longer more slender limbs than plesiosaurs and less completely modified for swimming
     subtype:  crocodilian_reptile__crocodilianreptile__crocodilian  extant archosaurian reptile
        subtype:  crocodile  large voracious aquatic reptile having a long snout with massive jaws and a body covered with bony plates; of sluggish tropical waters
           subtype:  African_crocodile__Nile_crocodile__Crocodylus_niloticus  a dangerous crocodile widely distributed in Africa
           subtype:  Asian_crocodile__Crocodylus_porosus  estuarine crocodile of eastern Asia and Pacific islands
           subtype:  Morlett's_crocodile__morlett'scrocodile  a variety of crocodile
        subtype:  false_gavial__falsegavial__tomistomaschlegeli  crocodile of southeast Asia similar to but smaller than the gavial
        subtype:  alligator  either of two amphibious reptiles with shorter broader snouts than crocodiles
           subtype:  American_alligator__Alligator_mississipiensis  large alligator of southeastern United States
           subtype:  Chinese_alligator__Alligator_sinensis  small of the Yangtze valley of China having unwebbed digits
        subtype:  cayman__caiman  alligator-like reptile of Central and South America having a more heavily armored belly
           subtype:  spectacled_caiman__Caiman_sclerops  caiman with bony ridges about the eyes; found from southern Mexico to Argentina
        subtype:  gavial__Gavialis_gangeticus  large fish-eating Indian crocodilian with a long slender snout
     subtype:  ophidian__snake__serpent  limbless scaly elongate reptile; some are venomous
        subtype:  colubrid_snake__colubrid  mostly harmless temperate-to-tropical terrestrial or arboreal or aquatic snakes
           subtype:  hoop_snake  any of various harmless North American snakes that were formerly believed to take tail in mouth and roll along like a hoop
           subtype:  thunder_snake__thundersnake__worm_snake__Carphophis_amoenus  small reddish wormlike snake of eastern United States
           subtype:  ringneck_snake__ring-necked_snake__ring_snake  any of numerous small nonvenomous North American snakes with a yellow or orange ring around the neck
           subtype:  hognose_snake__hognosesnake__puff_adder__sand_viper  harmless North American snake with upturned nose; may spread its head and neck or play dead when disturbed
           subtype:  leaf-nosed_snake  any of various pale blotched snakes with a blunt snout of southwestern North America
           subtype:  grass_snake__grasssnake__green_snake__greensnake  either of two N. American chiefly insectivorous green snakes
              subtype:  smooth_green_snake__Opheodrys_vernalis  of western and central United States
              subtype:  rough_green_snake__roughgreensnake__Opheodrys_aestivus  of southern and eastern United States
           subtype:  green_snake__greensnake  any of numerous African green snakes
           subtype:  racer  slender fast-moving North American snakes
              subtype:  blacksnake__black_racer__Coluber_constrictor  blackish racer of the eastern United States that grows to six feet
                 subtype:  blue_racer__Coluber_constrictor_flaviventris  bluish-green blacksnake found from Ohio to Texas
              subtype:  horseshoe_whipsnake__Coluber_hippocrepis  slender fast-moving Eurasian snake
           subtype:  whipsnake__whip_snake  any of several fast-moving North American snakes with long whiplike tails
              subtype:  coachwhip_snake__coachwhipsnake__coachwhip__Masticophis_flagellum  a whipsnake of southern United States and Mexico; tail resembles a braided whip
              subtype:  California_whipsnake__striped_racer__stripedracer__Masticophis_lateralis  a whipsnake of scrublands and rocky hillsides
              subtype:  Sonoran_whipsnake__Masticophis_bilineatus  both terrestrial and arboreal snake of United States southwest
           subtype:  rat_snake__ratsnake  any of various nonvenomous rodent-eating snakes of North America and Asia
              subtype:  corn_snake__red_rat_snake__redratsnake__Elaphe_guttata  large harmless snake of southeastern United States; often on farms
              subtype:  black_rat_snake__blackratsnake__blacksnake__pilot_blacksnake__pilotblacksnake__mountain_blacksnake__Elaphe_obsoleta  large harmless shiny black North American snake
              subtype:  chicken_snake__chickensnake  large North American snake
              subtype:  Indian_rat_snake__Ptyas_mucosus  enter buildings in pursuit of prey
           subtype:  glossy_snake__Arizona_elegans  nocturnal burrowing snake of western United States with shiny tan scales
           subtype:  bull_snake  any of several large harmless rodent-eating North American burrowing snakes
              subtype:  gopher_snake__Pituophis_melanoleucus  bull snake of western North America that invades rodent burrows
              subtype:  pine_snake  any of several bull snakes of eastern and southeastern United States found chiefly in pine woods; now threatened
           subtype:  king_snake  any of numerous nonvenomous North American constrictors; feed on other snakes and small mammals
              subtype:  common_kingsnake__Lampropeltis_getulus  widespread in United States except northern regions; black or brown with yellow bands
              subtype:  milk_snake__house_snake__housesnake__milk_adder__checkered_adder__checkeredadder__Lampropeltis_triangulum  nonvenomous tan and brown king snake with an arrow-shaped occipital spot; southeastern ones have red stripes like coral snakes
           subtype:  garter_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake  any of numerous nonvenomous longitudinally-striped viviparous North and Central American snakes
              subtype:  common_garter_snake__Thamnophis_sirtalis  widespread in North America
              subtype:  ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_sauritus  slender yellow-striped North American garter snake; prefers wet places
              subtype:  Western_ribbon_snake__Thamnophis_proximus  yellow- or reddish-striped snake of temperate woodlands and grasslands to tropics
           subtype:  lined_snake__Tropidoclonion_lineatum  secretive snake of city dumps and parks as well as prairies and open woods; feeds on earthworms; of central United States
           subtype:  ground_snake__Sonora_semiannulata  small shy brightly-ringed terrestrial snake of arid or semiarid areas of western North America
           subtype:  eastern_ground_snake__Potamophis_striatula__Haldea_striatula  in some classifications placed in genus Haldea; small reddish-gray snake of eastern North America
           subtype:  water_snake__watersnake  any of various mostly harmless snakes that live in or near water
              subtype:  common_water_snake__banded_water_snake__Natrix_sipedon__Nerodia_sipedon  in some classifications placed in the genus Nerodia; western United States snake that seldom ventures far from water
              subtype:  water_moccasin__watermoccasin  any of numerous North American water snakes inhabiting fresh waters
              subtype:  ring_snake__grass_snake__grasssnake__ringed_snake__Natrix_natrix  harmless European snake with a bright yellow collar; common in England
                 subtype:  viperine_grass_snake__Natrix_maura  a small harmless grass snake
           subtype:  red-bellied_snake__redbelliedsnake__Storeria_occipitamaculata  harmless woodland snake of southeastern United States
           subtype:  sand_snake  small North American burrowing snake
              subtype:  banded_sand_snake__Chilomeniscus_cinctus  a sand snake of southwestern United States; lives in fine to coarse sand or loamy soil in which it `swims'; banding resembles that of coral snakes
           subtype:  black-headed_snake  small secretive ground-dwelling snake; found from central United States to Argentina
           subtype:  vine_snake  slender arboreal snake found from southern Arizona to Bolivia
           subtype:  lyre_snake  mildly venomous snake with a lyre-shaped mark on the head; found in rocky areas from southwestern United States to Central America
              subtype:  Sonoran_lyre_snake__Trimorphodon_lambda  of desert regions of southwestern North America
           subtype:  night_snake__Hypsiglena_torquata  nocturnal prowler of western United States and Mexico
           subtype:  indigo_snake__gopher_snake__Drymarchon_corais  large dark-blue nonvenomous snake that invades burrows; found in southern North America and Mexico
              subtype:  eastern_indigo_snake__Drymarchon_corais_couperi  a variety of indigo snake
        subtype:  blind_snake__blindsnake__worm_snake  wormlike burrowing snake of warm regions having vestigial eyes
           subtype:  western_blind_snake__westernblindsnake__Leptotyphlops_humilis  burrows among roots of shrubs and beneath rocks in desert and rocky hillside areas and beach sand of western United States
        subtype:  constrictor  any of various large nonvenomous snakes that kill their prey by crushing it in its coils
           subtype:  boa  any of several chiefly tropical constrictors with vestigial hind limbs
              subtype:  boa_constrictor__boaconstrictor__Constrictor_constrictor  very large boa of tropical America and West Indies
              subtype:  rubber_boa__tow-headed_snake__Charina_bottae  boa of grasslands and woodlands of western North America; looks and feels like rubber with tail and head of similar shape
              subtype:  rosy_boa__Lichanura_trivirgata  boa of rocky desert of southwestern United States
              subtype:  anaconda__Eunectes_murinus  large arboreal boa of tropical South America
              subtype:  python  large Old World boas
                 subtype:  carpet_snake__Python_variegatus__Morelia_spilotes_variegatus  Australian python with a variegated pattern on its back
                 subtype:  reticulated_python__reticulatedpython__Python_reticulatus  of southeast Asia and East Indies; the largest snake in the world
                 subtype:  Indian_python__Python_molurus  very large python of southeast Asia
                 subtype:  rock_python__rock_snake__Python_sebae  very large python of tropical and southern Africa
                 subtype:  amethystine_python__amethystinepython  with an amethyst color
        subtype:  elapid_snake__elapid  any of numerous venomous fanged snakes of warmer parts of both hemispheres
           subtype:  New_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake__harlequin-snake__harlequinsnake  any of several venomous New World snakes brilliantly banded in red and black and either yellow or white; widely distributed in South and Central America
              subtype:  eastern_coral_snake__easterncoralsnake__Micrurus_fulvius  ranges from Central America to southeastern United States
              subtype:  western_coral_snake__westerncoralsnake__Micruroides_euryxanthus  ranges from Central America to southwestern United States
           subtype:  Old_World_coral_snake__coral_snake__coralsnake  any of various venomous elapid snakes of Asia and Africa and Australia
              subtype:  Asian_coral_snake  of India
              subtype:  African_coral_snake__Aspidelaps_lubricus  small widely distributed arboreal snake of southern Africa banded in black and orange
              subtype:  Australian_coral_snake__Rhynchoelaps_australis  small venomous but harmless snake marked with black-and-white on red
           subtype:  Denisonia_superba__copperhead  venomous but sluggish reddish-brown snake of Australia
           subtype:  cobra  venomous Asiatic and African elapid snakes that can expand the skin of the neck into a hood
              subtype:  Indian_cobra__Naja_naja  of tropical Africa and Asia
              subtype:  asp__Egyptian_cobra__Naja_haje  cobra used by the Pharaohs as a symbol of their power over life and death
              subtype:  black-necked_cobra__spitting_cobra__Naja_nigricollis  aggressive cobra widely distributed in Africa; rarely bites but spits venom that may cause blindness
              subtype:  king_cobra__hamadryad__Ophiophagus_hannan__Naja_hannah  large cobra of southeastern Asia and the East Indies; the largest venomous snake; sometimes placed in genus Naja
           subtype:  ringhals__rinkhals__spitting_snake__Hemachatus_haemachatus  highly venomous snake of southern Africa able to spit venom up to seven feet
           subtype:  mamba  arboreal snake of central and southern Africa whose bite is often fatal
              subtype:  black_mamba__blackmamba__Dendroaspis_augusticeps  southern African mamba dreaded because of its quickness and readiness to bite
                 subtype:  green_mamba__greenmamba  green phase of the black mamba
           subtype:  death_adder__Acanthophis_antarcticus  venomous Australian snake resembling an adder
           subtype:  tiger_snake__Notechis_scutatus  highly venomous brown-and-yellow snake of Australia and Tasmania
           subtype:  Australian_blacksnake__Pseudechis_porphyriacus  large semiaquatic snake of Australia; black above with red belly
           subtype:  krait  brightly colored venomous but nonaggressive snake of southeastern Asia and Malay peninsula
              subtype:  banded_krait__banded_adder__Bungarus_fasciatus  sluggish krait banded with black and yellow
           subtype:  taipan__Oxyuranus_scutellatus  large highly venomous snake of northeastern Australia
        subtype:  sea_snake__seasnake  any of numerous venomous aquatic viviparous snakes having a fin-like tail; of warm littoral seas; feed on fish which they immobilize with quick-acting venom
        subtype:  viper  venomous Old World snakes characterized by hollow venom-conducting fangs in the upper jaw
           subtype:  common_viper__adder__Vipera_berus  small terrestrial viper common in northern Eurasia
           subtype:  asp_viper__aspviper__asp__Vipera_aspis  of southern Europe; similar to but smaller than the adder
           subtype:  puff_adder__Bitis_arietans  large African viper that inflates its body when alarmed
           subtype:  gaboon_viper__Bitis_gabonica  large heavy-bodied brilliantly marked and extremely venomous west African viper
           subtype:  horned_viper__cerastes__sand_viper__horned_asp__Cerastes_cornutus  highly venomous viper of North Africa and southwest Asia having a horny spine above each eye
           subtype:  pit_viper__pitviper  New World vipers with hollow fangs and a heat-sensitive pit on each side of the head
              subtype:  copperhead__Agkistrodon_contortrix  common coppery brown pit viper of upland eastern United States
              subtype:  cottonmouth__water_moccasin__watermoccasin__cottonmouth_moccasin__cottonmouthmoccasin__agkistrodonpiscivoru  venomous semiaquatic snake of swamps in southern United States
              subtype:  rattlesnake  pit viper with horny segments at the end of the tail that rattle when shaken
                 subtype:  diamondback_rattlesnake__diamondbackrattlesnake__diamondback__crotalusadamanteu  large deadly rattlesnake with diamond-shaped markings
                 subtype:  timber_rattlesnake__banded_rattlesnake__Crotalus_horridus_horridus  widely distributed in rugged ground of eastern United States
                    subtype:  canebrake_rattlesnake__canebrakerattlesnake__canebrake_rattler__canebrakerattler__Crotalus_horridus_atricaudatus  southern variety
                 subtype:  prairie_rattlesnake__prairie_rattler__Western_rattlesnake__Crotalus_viridis  widely distributed between the Mississippi and the Rockies
                 subtype:  horned_rattlesnake__sidewinder__Crotalus_cerastes  small pale-colored desert rattlesnake of southwestern United States; body moves in an S-shaped curve
                 subtype:  Western_diamondback_rattlesnake__Western_diamondback__Crotalus_atrox  largest and most dangerous North American snake; of southwestern United States and Mexico
                 subtype:  rock_rattlesnake__Crotalus_lepidus  mountain rock dweller of Mexico and most southern parts of United States southwest
                 subtype:  tiger_rattlesnake__tigerrattlesnake__Crotalus_tigris  having irregularly cross-banded back; of arid foothills and canyons of southern Arizona and Mexico
                 subtype:  Mojave_rattlesnake__Crotalus_scutulatus  extremely dangerous; most common in areas of scattered scrubby growth; from Mojave Desert to w. Texas and into Mexico
                 subtype:  speckled_rattlesnake__Crotalus_mitchellii  markings vary but usually harmonize with background; of sw Arizona and Baja California
                 subtype:  massasauga_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_catenatus  pygmy rattlesnake found in moist areas from the Great Lakes to Mexico; feeds on mice and small amphibians
                 subtype:  ground_rattler__massasauga__Sistrurus_miliaris  small pygmy rattlesnake
              subtype:  fer-de-lance__Bothrops_atrops  large extremely venomous pit viper of Central and South America
  subtype:  subclass_Diapsida__Diapsida  used in former classifications to include all living reptiles except turtles; superseded by the two subclasses Lepidosauria and Archosauria
  subtype:  synapsid_reptile__synapsid  extinct reptile having a single pair of lateral temporal openings in the skull
     subtype:  therapsid__protomammal  probably warm-blooded; considered direct ancestor of mammals
        subtype:  Chronoperates_paradoxus  shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta Canada region; of about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)
        subtype:  cynodont  small carnivorous reptiles
        subtype:  dicynodont  a kind of therapsid
     subtype:  ictodosaur  intermediate in form between the therapsids and most primitive true mammals
     subtype:  pelycosaur  large primitive reptile having a tall spinal sail; of the Permian or late Paleozoic in Europe and North America
     subtype:  edaphosaurus  heavy-bodied reptile with a dorsal sail or crest; of the late Paleozoic
     subtype:  dimetrodon  carnivorous dinosaur of the Permian in North America having a crest or dorsal sail

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