#plant__flora__plant_life__plantlife  a living organism lacking the power of locomotion
  supertype:  living_thing__organism__being  a living (or once living) entity that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently
  part:  plant_part
  substance:  plant_tissue
  member of:  kingdom_Plantae
  subtype:  phytoplankton  photosynthetic or plant constituent of plankton; mainly unicellular algae
     subtype:  planktonic_algae  unicellular algae
  subtype:  wilding.plant  a wild uncultivated plant (especially a wild apple or crab-apple tree)
     subtype:  wildflower__wild_flower  wild or uncultivated flowering plant
        subtype:  sagebrush_buttercup__sagebrushbuttercup__Ranunculus_glaberrimus  small early-flowering buttercup with shiny yellow flowers of western North America
        subtype:  pasqueflower__pasque_flower  any plant of the genus Pulsatilla; sometimes included in genus Anemone
           subtype:  American_pasqueflower__Eastern_pasque_flower__wild_crocus__lion's_beard__prairie_anemone__prairieanemone__blue_tulip__American_pulsatilla__Pulsatilla_patens__Anemone_ludoviciana  short hairy perennial with early spring blue-violet or lilac flowers; North America and Siberia
           subtype:  Western_pasqueflower__Pulsatilla_occidentalis__Anemone_occidentalis  of western North America
           subtype:  European_pasqueflower__Pulsatilla_vulgaris__Anemone_pulsatilla  European perennial having usually violet or white spring flowers
        subtype:  meadow_rue  any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers
        subtype:  sand_verbena  any of various plants of the genus Abronia of western North America and Mexico having flowers resembling verbena
           subtype:  sweet_sand_verbena__snowball__Abronia_elliptica  plant having heads of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers; grows in sandy arid regions
           subtype:  Abronia_fragrans__sweet_sand_verbena  taller than Abronia elliptica and having night-blooming flowers
           subtype:  yellow_sand_verbena__Abronia_latifolia  plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia
           subtype:  beach_pancake__beachpancake__Abronia_maritima  plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico
           subtype:  beach_sand_verbena__pink_sand_verbena__Abronia_umbellata  prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California
           subtype:  desert_sand_verbena__Abronia_villosa  soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico
        subtype:  trailing_four_o'clock__trailing_windmills__Allionia_incarnata  trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico
        subtype:  red_maids__redmaid__redmaid__calandriniaciliata  succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States
        subtype:  siskiyou_lewisia__Lewisia_cotyledon  evergreen perennial having a dense basal rosette of long spatula-shaped leaves and panicles of pink or white-and-red-striped or pink-purple flowers; found on cliffs and in rock crevices in mountains of southwestern Oregon and northern California
        subtype:  bitterroot__Lewisia_rediviva  showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower
        subtype:  pussy-paw__pussypaw__pussy-paws__pussy's-paw__pussy'spaw__Spraguea_umbellatum__Calyptridium_umbellatum  pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America
        subtype:  flame_flower__flameflower__talinumaurantiacum  plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots
           subtype:  narrow-leaved_flame_flower__Talinum_augustissimum  similar to Talinum aurantiacum but with narrower leaves and yellow-orange flowers; southwestern United States
           subtype:  pigmy_talinum__pigmytalinum__Talinum_brevifolium  low plant with crowded narrow succulent leaves and fairly large deep pink axillary flowers that seem to sit on the ground; southwestern United States
           subtype:  rock_pink__Talinum_calycinum  pink-flowered perennial of rocky regions of western United States
           subtype:  jewels-of-opar__Talinum_paniculatum  erect plant with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers; southwestern North America to Central America; widely introduced elsewhere
           subtype:  spiny_talinum__spinytalinum__Talinum_spinescens  low cushion-forming plant with rose to crimson-magenta flowers and leaf midribs that persist as spines when the leaves die; southwestern United States
        subtype:  woolly_daisy__dwarf_daisy__dwarfdaisy__Antheropeas_wallacei__Eriophyllum_wallacei  tiny gray woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum
        subtype:  heartleaf_arnica__heartleafarnica__Arnica_cordifolia  wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California
        subtype:  Arnica_montana  herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings
        subtype:  false_chamomile__falsechamomile  any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas
        subtype:  oxeye.wildflower  Eurasian perennial herbs having daisylike flowers with yellow rays and dark centers
           subtype:  woodland_oxeye__Buphthalmum_salicifolium  hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes
        subtype:  golden_aster  any of several shrubby herbs or subshrubs of the genus Chrysopsis having bright golden-yellow flower heads that resemble asters; throughout much of United States and into Canada
           subtype:  Maryland_golden_aster__Chrysopsis_mariana  perennial golden aster of southeastern United States
           subtype:  grass-leaved_golden_aster  a variety of golden aster
           subtype:  sickleweed_golden_aster  a variety of golden aster
        subtype:  hawk's-beard__hawk's-beards  any of various plants of the genus Crepis having loose heads of yellow flowers on top of a long branched leafy stem; northern hemisphere
        subtype:  brittlebush__brittle_bush__brittlebush__incienso__Encelia_farinosa  fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine
        subtype:  sunray__Enceliopsis_nudicaulis  herb having a basal cluster of gray-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona
        subtype:  engelmannia  common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers
        subtype:  fleabane  any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas
           subtype:  blue_fleabane__Erigeron_acer  widespread weed with pale purple-blue flowers
           subtype:  daisy_fleabane__daisyfleabane__Erigeron_annuus  widely naturalized white-flowered North American herb
           subtype:  orange_daisy__orange_fleabane__Erigeron_aurantiacus  mat-forming herb of Turkestan with nearly double orange-yellow flowers
           subtype:  spreading_fleabane__spreadingfleabane__Erigeron_divergens  well-branched plant with hairy leaves and stems each with a solitary flower head with narrow white or pink or lavender rays; western North America
           subtype:  seaside_daisy__seasidedaisy__beach_aster__beachaster__Erigeron_glaucous  slightly succulent perennial with basal leaves and hairy sticky stems each bearing a solitary flower head with narrow pink or lavender rays; coastal bluffs Oregon to southern California
           subtype:  Philadelphia_fleabane__Erigeron_philadelphicus  especially pretty plant having a delicate fringe of threadlike rays around flower heads having very slender white or pink rays; United States and Canada
           subtype:  robin's_plantain__robin'splantain__Erigeron_pulchellus  common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays
           subtype:  showy_daisy__showydaisy__Erigeron_speciosus  plant having branching leafy stems each branch with an especially showy solitary flower head with many narrow pink or lavender or white rays; northwestern United States mountains
        subtype:  woolly_sunflower  any plant of the genus Eriophyllum
           subtype:  golden_yarrow__Eriophyllum_lanatum  grayish woolly leafy perennial with branched stems ending in leafless stalks bearing golden-yellow flower heads; dry areas western North America
        subtype:  gaillardia  any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy
           subtype:  blanket_flower__blanketflower__Indian_blanket__firewheel__gaillardiapulchella  annual of central United States having showy long-stalked yellow flower heads marked with scarlet or purple in the center
        subtype:  desert_sunflower__Gerea_canescens  slender hairy plant with few leaves and golden-yellow flower heads; sandy desert areas of southeastern California to southwestern Utah and western Arizona and northwestern Mexico
        subtype:  goldenbush.wildflower  a plant of the genus Haplopappus
           subtype:  camphor_daisy__camphordaisy__Haplopappus_phyllocephalus  annual of southern United States and Mexico having bristly leaves and pale yellow flowers
           subtype:  yellow_spiny_daisy__Haplopappus_spinulosus  slender perennial of western North America having weakly bristly leaves and yellow flower heads
        subtype:  heliopsis__heliopsi__oxeye  any North American shrubby perennial herb of the genus Heliopsis having large yellow daisylike flowers
        subtype:  hairy_golden_aster__prairie_golden_aster__Heterotheca_villosa__Chrysopsis_villosa  hairy perennial with yellow flower heads in branched clusters; found almost everywhere in dry places from Canada to west central and western United States; sometimes placed in genus Chrysopsis
        subtype:  alpine_gold__alpine_hulsea__Hulsea_algida  low tufted plant having hairy stems each topped by a flower head with short narrow yellow rays; northwestern United States
        subtype:  dwarf_hulsea__dwarfhulsea__Hulsea_nana  similar to but smaller than alpine hulsea
        subtype:  goldfields__Lasthenia_chrysostoma  small slender woolly annual with very narrow opposite leaves and branches bearing solitary golden-yellow flower heads; southwestern Oregon to Baja California and Arizona; often cultivated
        subtype:  hawkbit  any of various common wildflowers of the genus Leontodon; of temperate Eurasia to Mediterranean regions
           subtype:  fall_dandelion__arnica_bud__Leontodon_autumnalis  fall-blooming European herb with a yellow flower; naturalized in the United States
        subtype:  edelweiss__edelweis__leontopodiumalpinum  alpine perennial plant native to Europe having leaves covered with whitish down and small flower heads held in stars of glistening whitish bracts
        subtype:  north_island_edelweiss__Leucogenes_leontopodium  perennial herb closely resembling European edelweiss; New Zealand
        subtype:  blazing_star__blazingstar__buttonsnakeroot__snakeroot  any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads
           subtype:  dotted_gayfeather__Liatris_punctata  herb with many stems bearing narrow slender wands of crowded rose-lavender flowers; central United States and Canada to Texas and northern Mexico
           subtype:  dense_blazing_star__denseblazingstar__Liatris_pycnostachya  perennial of southeastern and central United States having very dense spikes of purple flowers; often cultivated for cut flowers
        subtype:  tahoka_daisy__tansy_leaf_aster__Machaeranthera_tanacetifolia  wild aster with fernlike leaves and flower heads with very narrow bright purple rays; Alberta to Texas and Mexico
        subtype:  sticky_aster__Machaeranthera_bigelovii  wild aster having leafy stems and flower heads with narrow bright reddish-lavender or purple rays; western Colorado to Arizona
        subtype:  Mojave_aster__Machaeranthera_tortifoloia  wild aster having grayish leafy stems and flower heads with narrow pale lavender or violet rayes; of rocky desert slopes California to Arizona and Utah
        subtype:  common_madia__common_tarweed__Madia_elegans  California annual having red-brown spots near the base of its yellow flower rays
        subtype:  blackfoot_daisy__Melampodium_leucanthum  bushy subshrub having flower heads that resemble asters with broad white rays; found in desert areas of Arizona east to Kansas and south to Mexico
        subtype:  Mexican_hat__Ratibida_columnaris  coneflower with flower heads resembling a Mexican hat with a tall red-brown disk and drooping yellow or yellow and red-brown rays; great plains along base of Rocky Mountains
        subtype:  long-head_coneflower__prairie_coneflower__prairieconeflower__Ratibida_columnifera  plant similar to the Mexican hat coneflower; from British Columbia to New Mexico
        subtype:  prairie_coneflower__prairieconeflower__Ratibida_tagetes  coneflower of central to southwestern United States
        subtype:  nodding_groundsel__noddinggroundsel__Senecio_bigelovii  plant with erect leafy stems bearing clusters of rayless yellow flower heads on bent individual stalks; moist regions of southwestern United States
        subtype:  ragwort__butterweed__Senecio_glabellus  American ragwort with yellow flowers
        subtype:  arrowleaf_groundsel__arrowleafgroundsel__Senecio_triangularis  perennial with sharply toothed triangular leaves on leafy stems bearing a cluster of yellow flower heads; moist places in mountains of western North America
        subtype:  goldenrod  any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago
           subtype:  silverrod__solidagobicolor  plant of eastern North America having creamy white flowers
           subtype:  meadow_goldenrod__Canadian_goldenrod__Solidago_canadensis  large North American goldenrod having showy clusters of yellow flowers on arching branches; often a weed
           subtype:  Missouri_goldenrod__Solidago_missouriensis  similar to meadow goldenrod but usually smaller
           subtype:  alpine_goldenrod__Solidago_multiradiata  goldenrod similar to narrow goldenrod but having bristly hairs on edges of leaf stalks; mountainous regions of western America
           subtype:  gray_goldenrod__Solidago_nemoralis  a dyer's weed of Canada and the eastern United States having yellow flowers sometimes used in dyeing
           subtype:  Blue_Mountain_tea__sweet_goldenrod__sweetgoldenrod__Solidago_odora  goldenrod of eastern America (especially Blue Mountains of Pennsylvania) having aromatic leaves from which a medicinal tea is made
           subtype:  dyer's_weed__Solidago_rugosa  eastern North American herb whose yellow flowers are (or were) used in dyeing
           subtype:  seaside_goldenrod__seasidegoldenrod__beach_goldenrod__beachgoldenrod__Solidago_sempervirens  vigorous showy goldenrod common along eastern and Gulf coasts of North America
           subtype:  narrow_goldenrod__Solidago_spathulata  western American goldenrod with long narrow clusters of small yellow flowers
           subtype:  Boott's_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  Elliott's_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  Ohio_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  rough-stemmed_goldenrod__roughstemmedgoldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  showy_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  tall_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
           subtype:  zigzag_goldenrod__broad_leaved_goldenrod  a variety of goldenrod
        subtype:  stemless_golden_weed__Stenotus_acaulis__Haplopappus_acaulis  dark green erect herb of northwestern United States and southwestern Canada having stiff leaves in dense tufts and yellow flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Haplopappus
        subtype:  northern_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_douglasii  lightly hairy rhizomatous perennial having aromatic feathery leaves and stems bearing open clusters of small buttonlike yellow flowers; sand dunes of Pacific coast of North America
        subtype:  stemless_hymenoxys__Tetraneuris_acaulis__Hymenoxys_acaulis  perennial having tufted basal leaves and short leafless stalks each bearing a solitary yellow flower head; dry hillsides and plains of west central North America
        subtype:  old_man_of_the_mountain__alpine_sunflower__Tetraneuris_grandiflora__Hymenoxys_grandiflora  whitish hairy plant with featherlike leaves and a few stout stems each bearing an especially handsome solitary large yellow flower head; mountainous regions north central United States
        subtype:  yellow_salsify__Tragopogon_dubius  European perennial naturalized throughout United States having hollow stems with a few long narrow tapered leaves and each bearing a solitary pale yellow flower
        subtype:  meadow_salsify__goatsbeard__shepherd's_clock__Tragopogon_pratensis  weedy European annual with yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  mule's_ears__Wyethia_amplexicaulis  balsamic-resinous herb with clumps of lanceolate leaves and stout leafy stems ending in large deep yellow flowers on long stalks; northwestern United States
        subtype:  white-rayed_mule's_ears__Wyethia_helianthoides  herb with basal leaves and leafy hairy stems bearing solitary flower heads with white or pale cream rays; northwestern United States
        subtype:  Indian_pipe__waxflower__Monotropa_uniflora  small waxy white or pinkish-white saprophytic woodland plant having scalelike leaves and a nodding flower; turns black with age
        subtype:  pinesap__false_beachdrops__Monotropa_hypopithys  fleshy tawny or reddish saprophytic herb resembling the Indian pipe and growing in woodland humus of eastern North America; in some classifications placed in a separate genus Hypopitys
        subtype:  snow_plant__Sarcodes_sanguinea  a fleshy bright red saprophytic plant of the mountains of western North America that appears in early spring while snow is on the ground
        subtype:  prairie_gentian__prairiegentian__tulip_gentian__tulipgentian__bluebell__Eustoma_grandiflorum  one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers laving large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas
        subtype:  coast_boykinia__coastboykinia__Boykinia_elata__Boykinia_occidentalis  plant with leaves mostly at the base and openly branched clusters of small white flowers; western North America
        subtype:  leatherleaf_saxifrage__leatherleafsaxifrage__Leptarrhena_pyrolifolia  plant with basal leathery elliptic leaves and erect leafless flower stalks each bearing a dense roundish cluster of tiny white flowers; moist places of northwestern North America to Oregon and Idaho
        subtype:  prairie_star__prairiestar__Lithophragma_parviflorum  plant with mostly basal leaves and slender open racemes of white or pale pink flowers; prairies and open forest of northwestern United States to British Columbia and Alberta
        subtype:  fringed_grass_of_Parnassus__Parnassia_fimbriata  bog plant with broadly heart-shaped basal leaves and cream or white saucer-shaped flowers with fringed petals; west of Rocky Mountains from Alaska to New Mexico
        subtype:  false_alumroot__falsealumroot__fringecup__Tellima_grandiflora  plant growing in clumps with mostly basal leaves and cream or pale pink fringed flowers in several long racemes; Alaska to coastal central California and east to Idaho
        subtype:  false_miterwort__falsemiterwort__false_mitrewort__falsemitrewort__Tiarella_unifoliata  plant with tiny white flowers hanging in loose clusters on leafy stems; moist woods from Alaska to central California and east to Montana
        subtype:  kitten-tails  a plant of the genus Besseya having fluffy spikes of flowers
           subtype:  Alpine_besseya__Besseya_alpina  small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico
        subtype:  Indian_paintbrush__painted_cup  any of various plants of the genus Castilleja having dense spikes of hooded flowers with brightly colored bracts
           subtype:  desert_paintbrush__Castilleja_chromosa  most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers
           subtype:  giant_red_paintbrush__giantredpaintbrush__Castilleja_miniata  wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers
           subtype:  great_plains_paintbrush__Castilleja_sessiliflora  hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico
           subtype:  sulfur_paintbrush__Castilleja_sulphurea  plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers
        subtype:  purple_chinese_houses__innocense__Collinsia_bicolor__Collinsia_heterophylla  white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California
        subtype:  maiden_blue-eyed_Mary__Collinsia_parviflora  small widely branching Western plant with tiny blue-and-white flowers; British Columbia to Ontario and south to California and Colorado
        subtype:  blue-eyed_Mary__Collinsia_verna  Eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers
        subtype:  golden-beard_penstemon__Penstemon_barbatus  plant of southwestern United States having long open clusters of scarlet flowers with yellow hairs on lower lip
        subtype:  scarlet_bugler__scarletbugler__Penstemon_centranthifolius  plant with bright red tubular flowers in long narrow clusters near tips of erect stems; coastal ranges from central California southward
        subtype:  Platte_River_penstemon__Penstemon_cyananthus  erect plant with blue-violet flowers in rings near tips of stems; Idaho to Utah and Wyoming
        subtype:  Davidson's_penstemon__Penstemon_davidsonii  mat-forming plant with blue-lavender flowers clustered on short erect stems; British Columbia to northern California
        subtype:  hot-rock_penstemon__Penstemon_deustus  stems in clumps with cream-colored flowers; Washington State to Wyoming and south to California and Utah
        subtype:  Jones'_penstemon__Penstemon_dolius  low plant with light blue and violet flowers in short clusters near tips of stems; Nevada to Utah
        subtype:  shrubby_penstemon__shrubbypenstemon__lowbush_penstemon__lowbushpenstemon__Penstemon_fruticosus  low bushy plant with large showy pale lavender or blue-violet flowers in narrow clusters at ends of stems
        subtype:  narrow-leaf_penstemon__Penstemon_linarioides  plant having small narrow leaves and blue-violet flowers in long open clusters; Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona
        subtype:  mountain_pride__Penstemon_newberryi  mat-forming plant with deep pink flowers on short erect leafy stems; rocky places at high elevations from Oregon to California
        subtype:  balloon_flower__balloonflower__scented_penstemon__scentedpenstemon__Penstemon_palmeri  fragrant puffed-up white to reddish-pink flowers in long narrow clusters on erect stems; Arizona to New Mexico and Utah
        subtype:  Parry's_penstemon__Penstemon_parryi  erect stems with pinkish-lavender flowers in long interrupted clusters; Arizona
        subtype:  rock_penstemon__cliff_penstemon__cliffpenstemon__Penstemon_rupicola  one of the West's most beautiful wildflowers; large brilliant pink or rose flowers in many racemes above thick mats of stems and leaves; ledges and cliffs from Washington to California
        subtype:  Rydberg's_penstemon__Penstemon_rydbergii  plant with whorls of small dark blue-violet flowers; Washington to Wyoming and south to California and Colorado
        subtype:  cascade_penstemon__cascadepenstemon__Penstemon_serrulatus  whorls of deep blue to dark purple flowers at tips of erect leafy stems; moist places from British Columbia to Oregon
        subtype:  Whipple's_penstemon__Penstemon_whippleanus  wine-lavender to black-purple flowers in several clusters on the upper half of leafy stems; Montana south through the Rocky Mountain regions to Arizona and New Mexico
        subtype:  wild_carrot__Queen_Anne's_lace__Daucus_carota  a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots
  subtype:  ornamental  any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value
  subtype:  acrogen  any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem
  subtype:  apomict  a plant that reproduces or is reproduced by apomixis
  subtype:  aquatic  a plant that lives in or on water
  subtype:  cryptogam  formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
     subtype:  thallophyte  any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf
  subtype:  annual  a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year
  subtype:  biennial  a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season
  subtype:  perennial  a plant lasting for three seasons or more
     subtype:  rattlesnake_master__rattlesnakemaster__rattlesnake's_master__rattlesnake'smaster__button_snakeroot__Eryngium_yuccifolium  coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite
  subtype:  escape.plant  a plant originally cultivated but now growing wild
  subtype:  embryo  a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium
  subtype:  monocarp__monocarpic_plant__monocarpous_plant  a plant that bears fruit once and dies
  subtype:  sporophyte  the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
  subtype:  gametophyte  the gamete-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
  subtype:  fungus  a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores
     subtype:  Dutch_elm_fungus__Ceratostomella_ulmi  fungus causing Dutch elm disease
     subtype:  Claviceps_purpurea__ergot  a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
        subtype:  rye_ergot__ryeergot  a sclerotium or hardened mass of mycelium
     subtype:  black_root_rot_fungus__Xylaria_mali  fungus causing black root rot in apples
     subtype:  dead-man's-fingers__dead-men's-fingers__Xylaria_polymorpha  the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
     subtype:  sclerotinia  any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants
        subtype:  brown_cup__browncup  a variety of sclerotinia
     subtype:  earthball__false_truffle__falsetruffle__puffball__hard-skinned_puffball  any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles
        subtype:  Scleroderma_citrinum__Scleroderma_aurantium  an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts
        subtype:  Scleroderma_flavidium__star_earthball  an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel
        subtype:  Scleroderma_bovista__smooth_earthball  an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity
     subtype:  stalked_puffball.fungus__stalkedpuffball  mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball
     subtype:  false_truffle__falsetruffle  any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle
        subtype:  Rhizopogon_idahoensis  a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes grayish brown in maturity
        subtype:  Truncocolumella_citrina  a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue
     subtype:  slime_mold__slimemold__slime_mould__slimemould  a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists
        subtype:  true_slime_mold__acellular_slime_mold__acellularslimemold__plasmodial_slime_mold__myxomycete  a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes
        subtype:  cellular_slime_mold  differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle
           subtype:  dictostylium  any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium
     subtype:  pond-scum_parasite  an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum
     subtype:  potato_wart_fungus__Synchytrium_endobioticum  fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers
     subtype:  white_fungus__Saprolegnia_ferax  a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)
     subtype:  white_rust__whiterust  fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia
     subtype:  pythium  any fungus of the genus Pythium
        subtype:  damping_off_fungus__Pythium_debaryanum  fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings
     subtype:  Phytophthora_citrophthora  causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits
     subtype:  Phytophthora_infestans  fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes
     subtype:  clubroot_fungus__Plasmodiophora_brassicae  a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants
     subtype:  earth-ball__earthball__truffle__earthnut  any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe
     subtype:  coral_fungus  any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral
        subtype:  club_fungus  a club-shaped coral fungus
     subtype:  tooth_fungus  a fungus of the family Hydnaceae
     subtype:  lichen  any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.
        subtype:  ascolichen  a lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete
        subtype:  basidiolichen  a lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete
        subtype:  lecanora  any lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food
           subtype:  manna_lichen__mannalichen  any of several Old World semi-crustaceous or shrubby lecanoras that roll up and are blown about over African and Arabian deserts and used as food by people and animals
           subtype:  archil__orchil  any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil
        subtype:  roccella__Roccella_tinctoria  a source of the dye archil and of litmus
        subtype:  beard_lichen__beardlichen__beard_moss__Usnea_barbata  greenish gray pendulous lichen growing on trees
        subtype:  horsehair_lichen__horsehairlichen__horsetail_lichen__horsetaillichen  any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair
        subtype:  reindeer_moss__reindeer_lichen__arctic_moss__Cladonia_rangiferina  an erect grayish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans
        subtype:  crottle__crottal__crotal  any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made
        subtype:  Iceland_moss__Iceland_lichen__Cetraria_islandica  lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol
     subtype:  true_fungus  any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota
     subtype:  basidiomycete__basidiomycetous_fungi__basidiomycetousfungi  any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota
        subtype:  mushroom.basidiomycete  any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium
           subtype:  morel  any of various edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella having a brownish spongelike cap
              subtype:  common_morel__Morchella_esculenta__sponge_mushroom__sponge_morel  an edible and choice morel with a globular to elongate head with an irregular pattern of pits and ridges
              subtype:  Disciotis_venosa__cup_morel__cupmorel  an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms
              subtype:  Verpa__bell_morel  a morel whose fertile portion resembles a bell and is attached to the stipe only at the top
                 subtype:  Verpa_bohemica__early_morel__earlymorel  resembles a thimble on a finger; the surface of the fertile portion is folded into wrinkles that extend from the top down; fruiting begins in spring before the leaves are out on the trees
                 subtype:  Verpa_conica__conic_Verpa  a morel with a fertile portion that has a relatively smooth surface; the stalk is fragile
              subtype:  black_morel__blackmorel__Morchella_conica__conic_morel__conicmorel__Morchella_angusticeps__narrowhead_morel  a morel whose pitted fertile body is attached to the stalk with little free skirt around it; the fertile body is gray when young and black in old age
              subtype:  Morchella_crassipes__thick-footed_morel  a delicious morel with a conic fertile portion having deep and irregular pits
              subtype:  Morchella_semilibera__half-free_morel__cow's_head__cow'shead  a morel with the ridged and pitted fertile portion attached to the stipe for about half its length
        subtype:  agaric  a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside
           subtype:  mushroom.agaric  common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)
           subtype:  toadstool  common name for an inedible or poisonous agaric (contrasting with the edible mushroom)
           subtype:  horse_mushroom__horsemushroom__Agaricus_arvensis  coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and abroad white cap
           subtype:  meadow_mushroom__field_mushroom__fieldmushroom__Agaricus_campestris  common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce
           subtype:  royal_agaric__royalagaric__Caesar's_agaric__Amanita_caesarea  widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric
           subtype:  false_deathcap__falsedeathcap__Amanita_mappa  agaric often confused with the death cup
           subtype:  fly_agaric__flyagaric__Amanita_muscaria  poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills
           subtype:  death_cap__deathcap__death_cup__death_angel__destroying_angel__Amanita_phalloides  extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills
           subtype:  blushing_mushroom__blusher__amanitarubescen  yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched
           subtype:  destroying_angel__Amanita_verna  fungus similar to Amanita phalloides
           subtype:  chanterelle__chantarelle__Cantharellus_cibarius  widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma
           subtype:  floccose_chanterelle__Cantharellus_floccosus  a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet
           subtype:  pig's_ears__Cantharellus_clavatus  an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound
           subtype:  cinnabar_chanterelle__Cantharellus_cinnabarinus  mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
           subtype:  jack-o-lantern_fungus__jack-o-lantern__jack-a-lantern__Omphalotus_illudens  a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent
           subtype:  inky_cap__inky-cap_mushroom__Coprinus_atramentarius  having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured
           subtype:  shaggymane_mushroom__shaggymane__shaggycap__Coprinus_comatus  common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores
           subtype:  milkcap__Lactarius_delicioso  edible mushroom
           subtype:  fairy-ring_mushroom__Marasmius_oreades  mushroom that grows in a fairy ring
           subtype:  oyster_mushroom__oyster_fungus__oyster_agaric__Pleurotus_ostreatus  edible agaric with a soft grayish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood
           subtype:  olive-tree_agaric__Pleurotus_phosphoreus  red luminescent mushroom of Europe
           subtype:  Pholiota_astragalina  a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk
           subtype:  Pholiota_aurea__golden_pholiota  a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast
           subtype:  Pholiota_destruens  a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard
           subtype:  Pholiota_flammans  a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk
           subtype:  Pholiota_flavida  a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk
           subtype:  Pholiota_nameko__nameko__viscid_mushroom  one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan
           subtype:  Pholiota_squarrosa-adiposa  a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks
           subtype:  Pholiota_squarrosa__scaly_pholiota__scalypholiota  a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age
           subtype:  Pholiota_squarrosoides  a pale buff fungus with tawny scales
           subtype:  Stropharia_ambigua  a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released
           subtype:  Stropharia_hornemannii  a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring
           subtype:  Stropharia_rugoso-annulata  a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice
           subtype:  Entoloma_lividum__Entoloma_sinuatum  a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan
           subtype:  Entoloma_aprile  an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring
           subtype:  Chlorophyllum_molybdites  a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings'
           subtype:  lepiota  any fungus of the genus Lepiota
              subtype:  poisonous_parasol__poisonousparasol__Lepiota_morgani  an agaric regarded as poisonous
              subtype:  Lepiota_naucina  an agaric with grayish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red
              subtype:  Lepiota_rhacodes  an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk
              subtype:  American_parasol__Lepiota_americana  an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base
              subtype:  Lepiota_rubrotincta  an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk
              subtype:  Lepiota_clypeolaria  an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap
              subtype:  onion_stem__onionstem__Lepiota_cepaestipes  a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base
           subtype:  parasol_mushroom__parasolmushroom__Lepiota_procera  edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn
           subtype:  blewits__blewit__Clitocybe_nuda  edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap
           subtype:  sandy_mushroom__sandymushroom__Tricholoma_populinum  an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)
           subtype:  Tricholoma_pessundatum  a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk
           subtype:  Tricholoma_sejunctum  an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins
           subtype:  man-on-a-horse__Tricholoma_flavovirens  an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center
           subtype:  Tricholoma_venenata  a poisonous white agaric
           subtype:  Tricholoma_pardinum  a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine gray fibrils
           subtype:  Tricholoma_vaccinum  an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills an stalk
           subtype:  Tricholoma_aurantium  an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste
           subtype:  Pluteus_aurantiorugosus  an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk
           subtype:  Pluteus_magnus__swadust_mushroom__swadustmushroom  an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled
           subtype:  deer_mushroom__Pluteus_cervinus  a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods
           subtype:  straw_mushroom__strawmushroom__Chinese_mushroom__Volvariella_volvacea  small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially
           subtype:  Volvariella_bombycina  a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap
           subtype:  Clitocybe_clavipes  an agaric with a flat cap that is grayish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base
           subtype:  Clitocybe_dealbata  a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk
           subtype:  Clitocybe_inornata  a fungus with a cap that is creamy gray when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled
           subtype:  Clitocybe_robusta__Clytocybe_alba  a large white agaric; edible but not palatable
           subtype:  Clitocybe_irina__Tricholoma_irinum__Lepista_irina  an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks
           subtype:  Clitocybe_subconnexa  an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk in fleshy and unpolished
           subtype:  winter_mushroom__Flammulina_velutipes  an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters
           subtype:  waxycap  any fungus of the family Hygrophoraceae having gills that are more or less waxy in appearance
              subtype:  Hygrocybe_acutoconica__conic_waxycap__conicwaxycap  a fungus having an acutely conic cap and dry stalks
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_borealis  a fungus with a white convex cap and arcuate white gills and a stalk that tapers toward the base
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_caeruleus  a fungus with a broadly convex cap that is cream color with a tint of blue over the margin; waxy gills are bluish green to blue-gray; a short stalk tapers abruptly at the base
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_inocybiformis  a fungus with a drab squamulose cap and gray-brown squamules over the white background of the stalk and waxy gray-white gills
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_kauffmanii  a fungus with a slightly viscid cap; cap and gills are reddish brown nd the stalk is gray
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_marzuolus  a gray fungus frequently found near melting snow banks
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_purpurascens  a fungus with a viscid purplish red cap and stalk; found under spruce and other conifers
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_russula  an edible fungus with a reddish cap and close pale gills and dry stalk; found under hardwoods
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_sordidus  an edible fungus with a large white cap and a cry stalk and white gills
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_tennesseensis  a fungus having a brownish sticky cap with a white margin and white gills and an odor of raw potatoes
              subtype:  Hygrophorus_turundus  a small fungus with orange cap and yellow gills found in sphagnum bogs
              subtype:  Hygrotrama_foetens  a small gray-brown fungus with an unpleasant odor of mothballs
              subtype:  Neohygrophorus_angelesianus  a fungus with a small brown convex cap with a depressed disc; waxy wine-colored gills and a brown stalk; fruits in or near melting snow banks in the western mountains of North America
           subtype:  Cortinarius_armillatus  a fungus with large tawny caps and pale cinnamon gills and a red band of veil around the stalk; usually found near birch trees
           subtype:  Cortinarius_atkinsonianus  an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender
           subtype:  Cortinarius_corrugatus  a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown
           subtype:  Cortinarius_gentilis  a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk
           subtype:  Cortinarius_mutabilis__purple-staining_Cortinarius  a fungus with a reddish purple cap having a smooth slimy surface; close violet gills; all parts stain dark purple when bruised
           subtype:  Cortinarius_semisanguineus  a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk
           subtype:  Cortinarius_subfoetidus  a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath
           subtype:  Cortinarius_violaceus  a fungus that is violet over-all with a squamulose cap
           subtype:  Gymnopilus_spectabilis  a fungus with a brownish orange fruiting body and a ring near the top of the stalk; the taste is bitter and the flesh contains psilocybin and psilocin
           subtype:  Gymnopilus_validipes  a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk
           subtype:  Gymnopilus_ventricosus  a giant fungus of the Pacific Northwest; has a very thick stalk and the cortina leaves a ring high up on the stalk
           subtype:  shoestring_fungus  any of several fungi of the genus Armillaria that form brown stringy rhizomorphs and cause destructive rot of the roots of some trees such as apples or maples
           subtype:  Armillaria_caligata__booted_armillaria  fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk
           subtype:  Armillaria_ponderosa__white_matsutake  a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest
           subtype:  Armillaria_zelleri  a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white
           subtype:  honey_mushroom__honeymushroom__honey_fungus__Armillariella_mellea  a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw
        subtype:  gill_fungus  a basidiomycete with gills
        subtype:  polypore__pore_fungus__pore_mushrum  woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent
           subtype:  bracket_fungus__shelf_fungus  a woody fungus that forms shelflike sporophores
           subtype:  Albatrellus_dispansus  a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor
           subtype:  Albatrellus_ovinus__sheep_polypore__sheeppolypore  a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular
           subtype:  Neolentinus_ponderosus  a gilled polypore with a large cap (up to 15 inches in diameter) and a broad stalk; edible when young and tender
           subtype:  Nigroporus_vinosus  a woody pore fungus with a dark brown to red brown cap and spore surface and small pores
           subtype:  Oligoporus_leucospongia  a pore fungus with a whitish cottony soft cap found on conifer logs in forests at high elevation in the western United States and adjacent Canada
           subtype:  Polyporus_tenuiculus  a fungus with a whitish kidney-shaped cap and elongated pores; causes white rot in dead hardwoods
           subtype:  Polyporus_squamosus__scaly_polypore__scalypolypore  a fungus with a lateral stalk (when there is a stalk) and a scaly cap that becomes nearly black in maturity; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
           subtype:  beefsteak_fungus__Fistulina_hepatica  a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States
     subtype:  shiitake_mushroom__shiitake__Chinese_black_mushroom__golden_oak_mushroom__Oriental_black_mushroom__Lentinus_edodes  edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe
     subtype:  scaly_lentinus__Lentinus_lepideus  a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice
     subtype:  pink_disease_fungus__Corticium_salmonicolor  fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc
     subtype:  bottom_rot_fungus__Corticium_solani  fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce
     subtype:  potato_fungus__Pellicularia_filamentosa__Rhizoctinia_solani  fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers
     subtype:  coffee_fungus__Pellicularia_koleroga  fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants
     subtype:  Volvaria_bombycina  a parasite on various trees
     subtype:  sac_fungus  any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus
     subtype:  ascomycete__ascomycetous_fungus  any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus
        subtype:  Geglossaceae  a type of ascomycetous fungus
        subtype:  Sarcosomataceae  a type of ascomycetous fungus
           subtype:  black_felt_cup  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
           subtype:  Rufous_rubber_cup  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
           subtype:  charred_pancake_cup__charredpancakecup  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
           subtype:  devil's_cigar__devil'scigar  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
           subtype:  devil's_urn__devil'surn  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
           subtype:  winter_urn  a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
        subtype:  Clavicipitaceae__grainy_club_mushrooms  any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycete
           subtype:  grainy_club  a variety of grainy club mushrooms
              subtype:  soldier_grainy_club  a variety of grainy club
        subtype:  discomycete__cupfungu  any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes
           subtype:  Leotia_lubrica  a discomycete that develops in clusters of slippery rubbery gelatinous fruiting bodies that are dingy yellow to tan in color
           subtype:  Mitrula_elegans  a discomycete that is 3-8 cm high with an orange to yellow fertile portion and white or pinkish stalks often half in and half out of the water
           subtype:  Sarcoscypha_coccinea__scarlet_cup__scarletcup  a discomycete that is a harbinger of spring; the fruiting body is thin and tough and saucer-shaped (about the size of quarter to a half dollar) with a deep bright red upper surface and a whitish exterior
           subtype:  Caloscypha_fulgens  an early spring variety of discomycete with yellow to orange yellow lining of the cup
           subtype:  Aleuria_aurantia__orange_peel_fungus  a discomycete with bright orange cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting bodies and pale orange exteriors
           subtype:  Peziza_domicilina  a discomycetous fungus of the genus Peziza; the fragile fruiting body is a ghostly white but stains yellow when broken; favors strongly alkaline habitats
           subtype:  blood_cup__bloodcup__fairy_cup__fairycup__Peziza_coccinea  a scarlet European fungus with cup-shaped ascocarp
           subtype:  Urnula_craterium__urn_fungus  an urn-shaped discomycete with a nearly black interior
           subtype:  Galiella_rufa  the cup-shaped fruiting body of this discomycete has a jellylike interior and a short stalk
           subtype:  Jafnea_semitosta  the fruiting bodies of this discomycete have a firm texture and long retain their cup shape; the pale brown interior blends with the color of dead leaves
     subtype:  yeast  any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division
        subtype:  baker's_yeast__baker'syeast__brewer's_yeast__Saccharomyces_cerevisiae  used as a leaven in baking and brewing
        subtype:  wine-maker's_yeast__Saccharomyces_ellipsoides  used in making wine
     subtype:  Aspergillus_fumigatus  a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man
     subtype:  brown_root_rot_fungus__Thielavia_basicola  fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families
     subtype:  Wynnea_americana  a fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange
     subtype:  Wynnea_sparassoides  a fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a cauliflower-shaped yellow-brown head
     subtype:  false_morel  a fungus of the family Helvellaceae
        subtype:  helvella  any fungus of the genus Helvella having the ascocarps stalked or pleated or often in folds
           subtype:  Helvella_crispa__miter_mushroom__mitermushroom  a helvella with a saddle-shaped fertile part and creamy color; the stalk is fluted and pitted
           subtype:  Helvella_acetabulum  a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior; the stalk is creamy white and heavily ribbed
           subtype:  Helvella_sulcata  a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull gray with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale gray; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted
        subtype:  discina  any fungus of the genus Discina
           subtype:  Discina_macrospora  a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating
     subtype:  lorchel  a large fungus of the family Helvellaceae
        subtype:  Gyromitra_fastigiata__Gyromitra_brunnea  a lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk
     subtype:  gyromitra  any fungus of the genus Gyromitra
        subtype:  Gyromitra_californica__California_false_morel  a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California
        subtype:  Gyromitra_sphaerospora__round-spored_gyromitra  a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains
        subtype:  Gyromitra_esculenta__brain_mushroom__brainmushroom__beefsteak_morel__beefsteakmorel  a poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown
        subtype:  Gyromitra_infula__saddled-shaped_false_morel  a poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even
        subtype:  Gyromitra_gigas  a gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time
     subtype:  gasteromycete  any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes
        subtype:  Podaxaceae  a variety of Gastromycete
           subtype:  stalked_puffball__stalkedpuffball  a variety of Podaxaceae
        subtype:  Calostoma_lutescens  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case
        subtype:  Calostoma_cinnabarina  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case
        subtype:  Calostoma_ravenelii  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores
     subtype:  stinkhorn__carrion_fungus  any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales; "the foul smell of the stinkhorn attracts insects that carry the spores away on their feet"
        subtype:  common_stinkhorn__Phallus_impudicus  a common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism
        subtype:  Phallus_ravenelii  this stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh
        subtype:  dog_stinkhorn__dogstinkhorn__Mutinus_caninus  a stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it
        subtype:  stinky_squid__Pseudocolus_fusiformis  a stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point
     subtype:  true_puffball__puffball  any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature
        subtype:  giant_puffball__giantpuffball__Calvatia_gigantea  huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight
     subtype:  earthstar  any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star
        subtype:  Geastrum_coronatum  an earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac
        subtype:  Astreus_pteridis  the largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded
        subtype:  Astreus_hygrometricus  a common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan
     subtype:  Radiigera_fuscogleba  a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it
     subtype:  bird's-nest_fungus  any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores
     subtype:  Gastrocybe_lateritia  a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses
     subtype:  Macowanites_americanus  a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap
     subtype:  Gastroboletus_scabrosus  a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete
     subtype:  Gastroboletus_turbinatus  a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete
     subtype:  hen-of-the-woods__hen_of_the_woods__Polyporus_frondosus__Grifola_frondosa  large grayish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees
     subtype:  Fomes_igniarius__agaric  fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses
     subtype:  bolete  any fungus of the family Boletaceae
        subtype:  Boletus_chrysenteron  a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_edulis  a edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk
        subtype:  Frost's_bolete__Boletus_frostii  a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_luridus  a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_mirabilis  a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_pallidus  a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow
        subtype:  Boletus_pulcherrimus  a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_pulverulentus  an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base
        subtype:  Boletus_roxanae  a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_subvelutipes  a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly
        subtype:  Boletus_variipes  an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk
        subtype:  Boletus_zelleri  an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age
        subtype:  Fuscoboletinus_paluster  an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity
        subtype:  Fuscoboletinus_serotinus  an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk
        subtype:  Leccinum_fibrillosum  an edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base
        subtype:  Phylloporus_boletinoides  a fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk
        subtype:  Suillus_albivelatus__suillusalbivelatu  a short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring
        subtype:  old-man-of-the-woods__Strobilomyces_floccopus  edible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America
        subtype:  Boletellus_russellii  a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface
     subtype:  jelly_fungus  any fungus of the order Tremellales or Auriculariales whose fruiting body is jellylike in consistency when fresh
        subtype:  snow_mushroom__Tremella_fuciformis  popular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried
        subtype:  witches'_butter__Tremella_lutescens  a yellow jelly fungus
        subtype:  Tremella_foliacea  a jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color
        subtype:  Tremella_reticulata  a jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi)
        subtype:  Jew's-ear__Jew's-ears__ear_fungus__Auricularia_auricula  widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood
     subtype:  rust_fungus__rust  any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants
        subtype:  flax_rust_fungus__flax_rust__Melampsora_lini  fungus causing flax rust
        subtype:  blister_rust__blisterrust__Cronartium_ribicola  fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
        subtype:  wheat_rust__wheatrust__Puccinia_graminis  rust fungus that attacks wheat
        subtype:  cedar-apple_rust__cedarapplerust__apple_rust__applerust__Gymnosporangium_juniperi-virginianae  rust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc
     subtype:  smut_fungus__smut  any fungus of the order Ustilaginales
        subtype:  covered_smut__coveredsmut  a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes
        subtype:  loose_smut__loosesmut  a smut fungus of the genus Ustilago causing a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores
        subtype:  cornsmut__corn_smut  a smut fungus attacking Indian corn
           subtype:  boil_smut__Ustilago_maydis  a common smut attacking Indian corn causing grayish white swellings that rupture to expose a black spore mass
        subtype:  genus_Sphacelotheca__Sphacelotheca  genus of smut fungus
        subtype:  head_smut__Sphacelotheca_reiliana  smut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut
        subtype:  Tilletia_caries__bunt  fungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores
        subtype:  Tilletia_foetida__bunt__stinking_smut  similar to Tilletia caries
        subtype:  onion_smut__onionsmut__Urocystis_cepulae  smut fungus causing blackish blisters on scales and leaves of onions; especially destructive to seedlings
        subtype:  flag_smut_fungus  a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores
           subtype:  wheat_flag_smut__wheatflagsmut__Urocystis_tritici  fungus affecting leaves and stems of wheat
     subtype:  felt_fungus__Septobasidium_pseudopedicellatum  fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States
     subtype:  mold.fungus__mould  a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter
        subtype:  mucor  any mold of the genus Mucor
        subtype:  rhizopus  any of various rot-causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus
           subtype:  bread_mold__breadmold__Rhizopus_nigricans  a mold of the genus Rhizopus
        subtype:  water_mold__watermold  parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil
     subtype:  mildew  a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter
        subtype:  powdery_mildew__powderymildew  any of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface
        subtype:  downy_mildew__downymildew__falsemildew  any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons
           subtype:  blue_mold_fungus__Peronospora_tabacina  fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-gray mildew on undersides of leaves
           subtype:  onion_mildew__onionmildew__peronosporadestructor  fungus causing a downy mildew on onions
           subtype:  tobacco_mildew__tobaccomildew__Peronospora_hyoscyami  fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco
     subtype:  verticillium  a fungus of the genus Verticillium
     subtype:  monilia  any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia
     subtype:  candida  any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida
        subtype:  Candida_albicans__Monilia_albicans  a parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina
     subtype:  blastomycete  any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals
     subtype:  yellow_spot_fungus__Cercospora_kopkei  fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)
     subtype:  green_smut_fungus__Ustilaginoidea_virens  fungus causing green smut in rice
     subtype:  dry_rot__dryrot  a fungus causing dry rot
     subtype:  rhizoctinia  any fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia
     subtype:  earthtongue  any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum
  subtype:  houseplant  any of a variety of plants grown indoors for decorative purposes
     subtype:  Chinese_evergreen__Japanese_leaf__Aglaonema_modestum  erect or partially climbing herb having large green or variegated leaves
     subtype:  anthurium__tailflower  any of various tropical American plants cultivated for their showy foliage and flowers
        subtype:  Anthurium_andraeanum__flamingo_flower__flamingo_plant  commonly cultivated anthurium having bright scarlet spathe and spadix
        subtype:  flamingo_flower__flamingo_plant__Anthurium_scherzerianum  commonly cultivated anthurium having bright scarlet spathe and spadix
     subtype:  bloodberry__blood_berry__bloodberry__rougeberry__rouge_plant__rougeplant__Rivina_humilis  bushy houseplant having white to pale pink flowers followed by racemes of scarlet berries; tropical Americas
     subtype:  purple_velvet_plant__velvet_plant__royal_velvet_plant__Gynura_aurantiaca  Javanese foliage plant grown for their handsome velvety leaves with violet-purple hairs
     subtype:  Persian_violet__Exacum_affine  perennial cultivated especially as a houseplant for its fragrant bluish to dark lavender flowers
     subtype:  episcia  any plant of the genus Episcia; usually creeping and stoloniferous and of cascading habit; grown for their colorful foliage and flowers
     subtype:  gloxinia  any of several plants of the genera Gloxinia or Sinningia (greenhouse gloxinias) having showy bell-shaped flowers
        subtype:  Canterbury_bell__Gloxinia_perennis  herb of Colombia to Peru having pale purple flowers
        subtype:  florist's_gloxinia__florist'sgloxinia__Sinningia_speciosa__Gloxinia_spesiosa  South American herb cultivated in many varieties as a houseplant for its large handsome leaves and large variously colored bell-shaped flowers
     subtype:  kohleria  shrubby herb cultivated for their soft velvety foliage and showy scarlet flowers
     subtype:  plectranthus  any of various ornamental plants of the genus Plectranthus
  subtype:  garden_plant  any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden
     subtype:  bedder__bedding_plant__beddingplant  an ornamental plant suitable for planting in a flowerbed
  subtype:  vascular_plant__tracheophyte  green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
     subtype:  pteridophyte__nonflowering_plant  plants having vascular tissue and reproducing by spores
        subtype:  fern  any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
           subtype:  pecopteris  Carboniferous fossil fern characterized by a regular arrangement of the leaflets resembling a comb
           subtype:  filmy_fern__filmyfern__film_fern  any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves
           subtype:  bristle_fern__bristlefern__filmy_fern__filmyfern  any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks
              subtype:  hare's-foot_bristle_fern__Trichomanes_boschianum  a variety of bristle fern
              subtype:  Killarney_fern__Trichomanes_speciosum  large stout fern of extreme western Europe
              subtype:  kidney_fern__Trichomanes_reniforme  large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds
           subtype:  osmund__flowering_fern__floweringfern  any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters
              subtype:  royal_fern__royalfern__royal_osmund__royalosmund__king_fern__ditch_fern__ditchfern__French_bracken__Osmunda_regalis  large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds
              subtype:  interrupted_fern__interruptedfern__Osmunda_clatonia  North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds
              subtype:  cinnamon_fern__fiddlehead__fiddlehead_fern__Osmunda_cinnamonea  New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible
           subtype:  crape_fern__crapefern__Prince-of-Wales_fern__Prince-of-Wales_feather__Prince-of-Wales_plume__Leptopteris_superba__Todea_superba  New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea
           subtype:  crepe_fern__crepefern__king_fern__Todea_barbara  fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa
           subtype:  curly_grass_fern__curlygrassfern__curly_grass__curlygras__Schizaea_pusilla  rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts
           subtype:  pine_fern__Anemia_adiantifolia  fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs
           subtype:  climbing_fern  any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium
              subtype:  creeping_fern__Hartford_fern__Lygodium_palmatum  delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds
              subtype:  climbing_maidenhair_fern__climbing_maidenhair__snake_fern__snakefern__Lygodium_microphyllum  tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida
           subtype:  scented_fern__scentedfern__mohriacaffrorum  sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds
           subtype:  aquatic_fern__aquaticfern__water_fern__waterfern  ferns that grow in water
              subtype:  clover_fern__pepperwort  any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets
                 subtype:  common_nardoo__nardoo__nardo__Marsilea_drummondii  Australian clover fern
                 subtype:  water_clover__waterclover__Marsilea_quadrifolia  water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves
              subtype:  pillwort__Pilularia_globulifera  European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps
              subtype:  regnellidium__Regnellidium_diphyllum  small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil
              subtype:  floating-moss__Salvinia_rotundifolia__Salvinia_auriculata  free-floating aquatic ferns
              subtype:  mosquito_fern__floating_fern__Carolina_pond_fern__Azolla_caroliniana  small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe
              subtype:  floating_fern__water_sprite__watersprite__ceratopterispteridioide  aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums
              subtype:  Ceratopteris_thalictroides__floating_fern  pantropical aquatic fern
           subtype:  adder's_tongue_fern__adder's_tongue__adder'stongue  ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue
              subtype:  Ophioglossum_pendulum__ribbon_fern  epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America
           subtype:  grape_fern__grapefern  a fern of the genus Botrychium having a fertile frond bearing small grapelike clusters of spore cases
              subtype:  common_moonwort__moonwort__Botrychium_lunaria  of America and Eurasia and Australia
              subtype:  daisyleaf_grape_fern__daisyleafgrapefern__daisy-leaved_grape_fern__Botrychium_matricariifolium  of North America and Eurasia
              subtype:  leathery_grape_fern__Botrychium_multifidum  European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds
              subtype:  rattlesnake_fern__rattlesnakefern__Botrychium_virginianum  American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle
           subtype:  flowering_fern__floweringfern__Helminthostachys_zeylanica  Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds
           subtype:  giant_scrambling_fern__Diplopterygium_longissimum  large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China
           subtype:  umbrella_fern__fan_fern__fanfern__Sticherus_flabellatus__Gleichenia_flabellata  large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia
           subtype:  polypody  any of numerous ferns of the genus Polypodium
              subtype:  licorice_fern__Polypodium_glycyrrhiza  fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor
              subtype:  gray_polypody__resurrection_fern__Polypodium_polypodioides  fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds grayish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa
              subtype:  leatherleaf__leathery_polypody__coast_polypody__coastpolypody__Polypodium_scouleri  stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib
              subtype:  rock_polypody__rock_brake__American_wall_fern__Polypodium_virgianum  chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia
              subtype:  common_polypody__adder's_fern__adder'sfern__wall_fern__golden_maidenhair__golden_polypody__sweet_fern__sweetfern__Polypodium_vulgare  mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia
           subtype:  bear's-paw_fern__Aglaomorpha_meyeniana  epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines
           subtype:  strap_fern__strapfern  fern with long narrow strap-shaped leaves
              subtype:  Florida_strap_fern__cow-tongue_fern__hart's-tongue_fern  common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay
              subtype:  Central_American_strap_fern__narrow-leaved_strap_fern__Campyloneurum_augustifolium  fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina
           subtype:  Drynaria_rigidula__basket_fern  giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia
           subtype:  lecanopteris  any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants
           subtype:  snake_polypody__snakepolypody__Microgramma-piloselloides  epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America
           subtype:  climbing_bird's_nest_fern__Microsorium_punctatum  tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia
           subtype:  golden_polypody__serpent_fern__serpentfern__rabbit's-foot_fern__Phlebodium_aureum__Polypodium_aureum  tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium
           subtype:  staghorn_fern  any of various tropical ferns of the genus Platycerium having large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag
              subtype:  South_American_staghorn__Platycerium_andinum  fern of Peru and Bolivia
              subtype:  common_staghorn_fern__elkhorn_fern__elkhornfern__platyceriumbifurcatum__Platycerium_alcicorne  commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia
           subtype:  felt_fern__tongue_fern__Pyrrosia_lingua__Cyclophorus_lingua  east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus
           subtype:  Solanopteris_bifrons__potato_fern  small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes
           subtype:  grass_fern__grassfern__ribbon_fern__Vittaria_lineata  epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America
           subtype:  spleenwort  any of various chiefly rock-inhabiting ferns of the genus Asplenium
              subtype:  black_spleenwort__blackspleenwort__Asplenium_adiantum-nigrum  spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent
              subtype:  ebony_spleenwort__ebonyspleenwort__Scott's_Spleenwort__Asplenium_platyneuron  common North American fern with polished black stripes
              subtype:  black-stem_spleenwort__black-stemmed_spleenwort__blackstemmedspleenwort__little_ebony_spleenwort  fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil
              subtype:  walking_fern__walkingfern__walking_leaf__walkingleaf__Asplenium_rhizophyllum__Camptosorus_rhizophyllus  ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip
              subtype:  maidenhair_spleenwort__Asplenium_trichomanes  small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds
              subtype:  green_spleenwort__greenspleenwort__aspleniumviride  small often many-crowned fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere
              subtype:  mountain_spleenwort__Asplenium_montanum  a spleenwort of eastern North America
              subtype:  wall_rue_spleenwort__wall_rue__Asplenium_ruta-muraria  small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America
              subtype:  Bradley's_spleenwort__Asplenium_bradleyi  a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States
              subtype:  lobed_spleenwort__lobedspleenwort__Asplenium_pinnatifidum  a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States
              subtype:  lanceolate_spleenwort__Asplenium_billotii  a spleenwort of western Europe
           subtype:  bird's_nest_fern__Asplenium_nidus  tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches
           subtype:  Asplenium_scolopendrium__hart's-tongue__hart's-tongue_fern__Phyllitis_scolopendrium  Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds
           subtype:  scale_fern__scalefern__scaly_fern__scalyfern__Asplenium_ceterach__Ceterach_officinarum  small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds
           subtype:  Schaffneria_nigripes__Asplenium_nigripes__Scolopendrium_nigripes  a fern of the genus Schaffneria
           subtype:  scolopendrium  a fern thought to resemble a millipede
           subtype:  hard_fern  any of several ferns of the genus Blechnum
              subtype:  deer_fern__Blechnum_spicant  fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse
           subtype:  doodia__rasp_fern  any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae
           subtype:  chain_fern__chainfern  a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows
              subtype:  Virginia_chain_fern__Woodwardia_virginica  North American fern
           subtype:  tree_fern  any of numerous usually tropical ferns having a thick woody stem or caudex and a crown of large fronds; found especially in Australia and New Zealand; chiefly of the families Cyatheaceae and Marattiaceae but some from Polypodiaceae
              subtype:  silver_tree_fern__sago_fern__black_tree_fern__Cyathea_medullaris  showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia area having a crown of much-pinnated fronds with whitish undersides
              subtype:  soft_tree_fern__Dicksonia_antarctica  of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates
              subtype:  Scythian_lamb__Cibotium_barometz  Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic
              subtype:  thyrsopteris__Thyrsopteris_elegans  a terrestrial tree fern of South America
              subtype:  angiopteris__angiopteri__giant_fern__giantfern__Angiopteris_evecta  highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall
           subtype:  davallia  any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes
              subtype:  hare's-foot_fern  either of two ferns of the genus Davallia having a soft gray hairy rootstock
                 subtype:  Canary_Island_hare's_foot_fern__Davallia_canariensis  fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira
                 subtype:  Australian_hare's_foot__Davallia_pyxidata  a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia
              subtype:  squirrel's-foot_fern__ball_fern__Davalia_bullata__Davalia_bullata_mariesii__Davallia_Mariesii  feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia
           subtype:  hay-scented_fern__hayscentedfern__hay-scented__hayscented__scented_fern__scentedfern__boulderfern__Dennstaedtia_punctilobula  fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay
           subtype:  pasture_brake__pasturebrake__bracken__brake__Pteridium_aquilinum  large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan
           subtype:  bracken__Pteridium_esculentum  fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions
           subtype:  false_bracken__falsebracken__Culcita_dubia  resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland Australia
           subtype:  shield_fern__buckler_fern__bucklerfern  any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori
              subtype:  broad_buckler-fern__broadbucklerfern__Dryopteris_dilatata  European shield fern
              subtype:  Goldie's_fern__Goldie's_shield_fern__goldie's_wood_fern__Dryopteris_goldiana  North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe
              subtype:  soft_shield_fern__Polystichum_setiferum  European shield fern cultivated in many varieties
           subtype:  wood_fern__wood-fern  any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris
              subtype:  fragrant_cliff_fern__fragrant_shield_fern__fragrant_wood_fern__Dryopteris_fragrans  fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds
              subtype:  male_fern__Dryopteris_filix-mas  fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms
              subtype:  marginal_wood_fern__evergreen_wood_fern__leatherleaf_wood_fern__Dryopteris_marginalis  North American fern with evergreen fronds
              subtype:  mountain_male_fern__Dryopteris_oreades  a fern of the genus Dryopteris
           subtype:  lady_fern__Athyrium_filix-femina  most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage
              subtype:  Alpine_lady_fern__Athyrium_distentifolium  a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains
           subtype:  glade_fern__gladefern__silvery_spleenwort__silveryspleenwort__narrow-leaved_spleenwort__Athyrium_pycnocarpon__Diplazium_pycnocarpon  North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks
           subtype:  Cyrtomium_aculeatum__holly_fern__hollyfern__polystichumaculeatum  tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum
           subtype:  bladder_fern__bladderfern  any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori
              subtype:  brittle_bladder_fern__brittlebladderfern__brittle_fern__brittlefern__fragile_fern__fragilefern__Cystopteris_fragilis  delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems
              subtype:  mountain_bladder_fern__Cystopteris_montana  fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere
              subtype:  bulblet_fern__bulbletfern__bulbletbladderfern__berry_fern__berryfern__cystopterisbulbifera  North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets
           subtype:  silvery_spleenwort__silveryspleenwort__Deparia_acrostichoides__Athyrium_thelypteroides  fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
           subtype:  oak_fern__oakfern__Gymnocarpium_dryopteris__Thelypteris_dryopteris  bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
           subtype:  limestone_fern__limestonefern__northern_oak_fern__Gymnocarpium_robertianum  yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere
           subtype:  ostrich_fern__ostrichfern__shuttlecock_fern__shuttlecockfern__fiddlehead__Matteuccia_struthiopteris__Pteretis_struthiopteris__Onoclea_struthiopteris  tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes
           subtype:  hart's-tongue_fern__hart's-tongue__Olfersia_cervina__Polybotrya_cervina__Polybotria_cervina  tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya
           subtype:  sensitive_fern__sensitivefern__bead_fern__Onoclea_sensibilis  beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes
           subtype:  Christmas_fern__canker_brake__dagger_fern__evergreen_wood_fern__Polystichum_acrostichoides  North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds
           subtype:  holly_fern__hollyfern  any of various ferns of the genus Polystichum having fronds with texture and gloss like holly
              subtype:  Braun's_holly_fern__prickly_shield_fern__Polystichum_braunii  North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales
              subtype:  northern_holly_fern__Polystichum_lonchitis  evergreen European fern widely cultivated
              subtype:  western_holly_fern__westernhollyfern__Polystichum_scopulinum  North American fern
           subtype:  leatherleaf_fern__leatherleaffern__leather_fern__leatherfern__tendayfern__Rumohra_adiantiformis__Polystichum_adiantiformis  widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds
           subtype:  Tectaria_cicutaria__button_fern  Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils
           subtype:  Indian_button_fern__Tectaria_macrodonta  fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils
           subtype:  woodsia  any fern of the genus Woodsia
              subtype:  rusty_woodsia__rustywoodsia__fragrant_woodsia__oblong_woodsia__Woodsia_ilvensis  a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds
              subtype:  Alpine_woodsia__northern_woodsia__flower-cup_fern__Woodsia_alpina  slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori
              subtype:  smooth_woodsia__Woodsia_glabella  rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia
           subtype:  oleander_fern__Oleandra_neriiformis__Oleandra_mollis  tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia
           subtype:  sword_fern__swordfern  any of several tropical ferns having more or less sword-shaped fronds including one from which the Boston fern developed
              subtype:  Boston_fern__Nephrolepis_exaltata__Nephrolepis_exaltata_bostoniensis  a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant
              subtype:  basket_fern__toothed_sword_fern__toothedswordfern__Nephrolepis_pectinata  tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided grayish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil
           subtype:  leather_fern__leatherfern__goldenfern__Acrostichum_aureum  stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides
           subtype:  maidenhair_fern__maidenhair  any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds
              subtype:  common_maidenhair__Venushair__Venus'-hair_fern__southern_maidenhair__Venus_maidenhair__Adiantum_capillus-veneris  delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan
              subtype:  American_maidenhair_fern__five-fingered_maidenhair_fern__Adiantum_pedatum  hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes
              subtype:  Bermuda_maidenhair_fern__Bermuda_maidenhair__Adiantum_bellum  delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock
              subtype:  brittle_maidenhair_fern__brittle_maidenhair__brittlemaidenhair__Adiantum_tenerum  tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated
                 subtype:  Farley_maidenhair_fern__Farley_maidenhair__Barbados_maidenhair__glory_fern__gloryfern__adiantumtenerumfarleyense  named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered
           subtype:  annual_fern__Jersey_fern__Anogramma_leptophylla  small short-lived fern of Central and South America
           subtype:  lip_fern__lipfern  any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semi-arid temperate or tropical regions
              subtype:  smooth_lip_fern__Alabama_lip_fern__Cheilanthes_alabamensis  southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica
              subtype:  wooly_lip_fern__woolylipfern__hairy_lip_fern__hairylipfern__Cheilanthes_lanosa  small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly
              subtype:  southwestern_lip_fern__Cheilanthes_eatonii  lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds
           subtype:  lace_fern__Cheilanthes_gracillima  small tufted fern of northwestern America
           subtype:  bamboo_fern__Coniogramme_japonica  fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds
           subtype:  rock_brake  dwarf deciduous lithophytic ferns
              subtype:  American_rock_brake__American_parsley_fern__Cryptogramma_acrostichoides  rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley
              subtype:  European_parsley_fern__mountain_parsley_fern__Cryptogramma_crispa  fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley
           subtype:  hand_fern__Doryopteris_pedata  tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds
           subtype:  cliff_brake__cliffbrake__rock_brake  any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions
              subtype:  coffee_fern__Pellaea_andromedifolia  evergreen fern of California and Baja California
              subtype:  purple_rock_brake__Pellaea_atropurpurea  very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes
              subtype:  bird's-foot_fern__Pellaea_mucronata__Pellaea_ornithopus  cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks
           subtype:  button_fern__Pellaea_rotundifolia  fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets
           subtype:  Pityrogramma_argentea__silver_fern  fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides
           subtype:  silver_fern__Pityrogramma_calomelanos  tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides
           subtype:  golden_fern__Pityrogramma_calomelanos_aureoflava  tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides
           subtype:  gold_fern__Pityrogramma_chrysophylla  fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides
           subtype:  brake.fern  any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants
           subtype:  Pteris_cretica  cultivated in many varieties as houseplants
           subtype:  spider_brake__spider_fern__Pteris_multifida  Asiatic fern introduced in America
           subtype:  ribbon_fern__spider_fern__Pteris_serrulata  fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands
           subtype:  potato_fern__Marattia_salicina  large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people
           subtype:  marsh_fern__marshfern__thelypterispalustri__Dryopteris_thelypteris  fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions
              subtype:  snuffbox_fern__meadow_fern__Thelypteris_palustris_pubescens__Dryopteris_thelypteris_pubescens  fern of northeastern North America
           subtype:  christella  any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds
           subtype:  mountain_fern__Oreopteris_limbosperma__Dryopteris_oreopteris  common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds
           subtype:  New_York_fern__Parathelypteris_novae-boracensis__Dryopteris_noveboracensis  slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris
           subtype:  Massachusetts_fern__Parathelypteris_simulata__Thelypteris_simulata  delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris
           subtype:  beech_fern__beechfern  any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds
              subtype:  broad_beech_fern__broadbeechfern__southern_beech_fern__Phegopteris_hexagonoptera__Dryopteris_hexagonoptera__Thelypteris_hexagonoptera  beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes
              subtype:  long_beech_fern__narrow_beech_fern__northern_beech_fern__Phegopteris_connectilis__Dryopteris_phegopteris__Thelypteris_phegopteris  beech fern of North America and Eurasia
        subtype:  fern_ally  pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida
           subtype:  whisk_fern__whiskfern  chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots
              subtype:  skeleton_fork_fern__Psilotum_nudum  pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia
           subtype:  horsetail  perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America
              subtype:  common_horsetail__field_horsetail__fieldhorsetail__Equisetum_arvense  of Eurasia and Greenland and North America
              subtype:  swamp_horsetail__swamphorsetail__water_horsetail__Equisetum_fluviatile  Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia
              subtype:  scouring_rush__rough_horsetail__roughhorsetail__Equisetum_hyemale__Equisetum_hyemale_robustum__Equisetum_robustum  evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils
              subtype:  marsh_horsetail__marshhorsetail__Equisetum_palustre  scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere
              subtype:  wood_horsetail__Equisetum_Sylvaticum  Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America
              subtype:  variegated_horsetail__variegated_scouring_rush__Equisetum_variegatum  northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe
           subtype:  club_moss__clubmoss__lycopod  primitive evergreen mosslike plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
              subtype:  shining_clubmoss__Lycopodium_lucidulum  a variety of clubmoss
              subtype:  alpine_clubmoss__Lycopodium_alpinum  a variety of clubmoss
              subtype:  fir_clubmoss__mountain_clubmoss__little_clubmoss__Lycopodium_selago  of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir
              subtype:  ground_pine__Christmas_green  any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches
                 subtype:  running_pine__runningpine__lycopodiumclavitum  a variety of clubmoss
                 subtype:  ground_cedar__staghorn_moss__Lycopodium_complanatum  a variety of clubmoss
                 subtype:  ground_fir__princess_pine__tree_clubmoss__Lycopodium_obscurum  a variety of clubmoss
                 subtype:  foxtail_grass__foxtailgras__Lycopodium_alopecuroides  ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States
              subtype:  spikemoss__spikemos__spikemos__littleclubmos  any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella
                 subtype:  meadow_spikemoss__basket_spikemoss__Selaginella_apoda  spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America
                 subtype:  rock_spikemoss__dwarf_lycopod__dwarflycopod__Selaginella_rupestris  tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America
                 subtype:  desert_selaginella__Selaginella_eremophila  prostrate spikemoss; California
                 subtype:  resurrection_plant__rose_of_Jericho__Selaginella_lepidophylla  densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions
                 subtype:  florida_selaginella__floridaselaginella__Selaginella_eatonii  occurs widely in Florida
           subtype:  quillwort  any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia
     subtype:  spermatophyte__phanerogam__seed_plant  plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores
        subtype:  seedling  young plant or tree grown from a seed
        subtype:  balsam  any seed plant yielding balsam
        subtype:  gymnosperm  plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary
           subtype:  progymnosperm  an ancestral fossil type from which modern gymnosperms are thought to have derived
           subtype:  welwitschia__Welwitschia_mirabilis  curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old
           subtype:  cycad  any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves
              subtype:  Cycas_revoluta__sago_palm  dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago
                 subtype:  false_sago__falsesago__fern_palm__Cycas_circinalis  southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage
              subtype:  zamia  any of various cycads of the genus Zamia; among the smallest and most verdant cycads
                 subtype:  coontie__Florida_arrowroot__Seminole_bread__Zamia_pumila  small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot
              subtype:  ceratozamia  a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico
              subtype:  dioon  any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks
              subtype:  encephalartos__encephalarto  any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves
              subtype:  kaffir_bread__Encephalartos_caffer  South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food
              subtype:  macrozamia  any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia
              subtype:  Macrozamia_communis__burrawong  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
              subtype:  burrawong__Macrozamia_spiralis  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
           subtype:  seed_fern__pteridosperm  an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)
        subtype:  angiosperm__flowering_plant__floweringplant  plants having seeds in a closed ovary
           subtype:  angiocarp  tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk
           subtype:  dicot__dicotyledon  flowering plant with two cotyledons
              subtype:  jiqui__malpighiaobovata  cuban timber tree with hard wood very resistant to moisture
              subtype:  barbados_cherry__acerola__Surinam_cherry__West_Indian_cherry__Malpighia_glabra  tropical American shrub bearing edible acid red fruit resembling cherries
              subtype:  family_Cyrilliaceae__Cyrilliaceae__cyrilla_family__cyrillafamily__titi_family  shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia
           subtype:  monocot__liliopsid  a monocotyledonous flowering plant
           subtype:  flower  a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
              subtype:  bloomer  a flower that blooms in a particular way; "a night bloomer"
              subtype:  peony__paeony  any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers
              subtype:  lesser_celandine__pilewort__Ranunculus_ficaria  perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles
              subtype:  pheasant's-eye__Adonis_annua  Eurasian herb cultivated for its dark-centered deep red flowers
              subtype:  anemone__windflower  any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves
                 subtype:  Alpine_anemone__mountain_anemone__Anemone_tetonensis  silky-foliaged herb of Rocky Mts with bluish-white flowers
                 subtype:  Canada_anemone__Anemone_Canadensis  common summer-flowering woodland herb of Labrador to Colorado
                 subtype:  thimbleweed__Anemone_cylindrica  a common North American anemone with cylindrical fruit clusters resembling thimbles
                    subtype:  longheaded_thimbleweed__Anemone_riparia  thimbleweed of northern North America
                    subtype:  Virginia_thimbleweed__Anemone_virginiana  thimbleweed of central and eastern North America
                 subtype:  Anemone_nemorosa__wood_anemone  European anemone with solitary white flowers common in deciduous woodlands
                 subtype:  wood_anemone__snowdrop__Anemone_quinquefolia  common anemone of eastern North America with solitary pink-tinged white flowers
                 subtype:  snowdrop_anemone__snowdrop_windflower__Anemone_sylvestris  Eurasian herb with solitary nodding fragrant white flowers
              subtype:  rue_anemone__Anemonella_thalictroides  woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate
              subtype:  columbine__aquilege  a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains
                 subtype:  meeting_house__meetinghouse__honeysuckle__aquilegiacanadensi  columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers
                 subtype:  blue_columbine__Aquilegia_coerulia__Aquilegia_scopulorum_calcarea  columbine of Rocky Mts having long-spurred blue flowers
                 subtype:  granny's_bonnets__Aquilegia_vulgaris  common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States
              subtype:  rocket_larkspur__Consolida_ambigua__Delphinium_ajacis  commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium
              subtype:  delphinium  any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances
                 subtype:  larkspur  any of numerous cultivated plants of the genus Delphinium
              subtype:  nigella  any plant of the genus Nigella
                 subtype:  Nigella_damascena__love-in-a-mist  European garden plant having finely cut leaves and white or pale blue flowers
                 subtype:  fennel_flower__Nigella_hispanica  nigella of Spain and southern France
                 subtype:  black_caraway__blackcaraway__nutmeg_flower__Roman_coriander__Nigella_sativa  herb of the Mediterranean region having pungent seeds used like those of caraway
              subtype:  spathiphyllum__peace_lily__peacelily__spathe_flower  any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spite of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental
              subtype:  calla_lily__callalily__calla__arum_lily__Zantedeschia_aethiopica  South African plant widely cultivated for its showy pure white spathe and yellow spadix
                 subtype:  pink_calla__Zantedeschia_rehmanii  calla having a rose-colored spathe
                 subtype:  golden_calla  any of several callas of the genus Zantedeschia having yellow spathes
              subtype:  sandwort  low-growing chiefly perennial plants usually with small white flowers suitable for e.g. rock gardens
                 subtype:  mountain_sandwort__mountain_starwort__mountain_daisy__Arenaria_groenlandica  boreal or alpine sandwort
                 subtype:  pine-barren_sandwort__longroot__Arenaria_caroliniana  deep-rooted perennial of southeastern United States
                 subtype:  seabeach_sandwort__Arenaria_peploides  perennial succulent herb with small solitary axillary or terminal flowers
                 subtype:  rock_sandwort__Arenaria_stricta  low perennial tufted plant of southeastern North America
                 subtype:  thyme-leaved_sandwort__Arenaria_serpyllifolia  Eurasian annual sprawling plant naturalized throughout North America
              subtype:  garden_pink__pink  any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers
                 subtype:  sweet_William__Dianthus_barbatus  Eurasian pink widely cultivated for its flat-topped dense clusters of varicolored flowers
                 subtype:  clove_pink__clovepink__carnation__Dianthus_caryophyllus  Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors
                 subtype:  china_pink__chinapink__rainbowpink__dianthuschinensi  Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual
                    subtype:  Japanese_pink__Dianthus_chinensis_heddewigii  very free-flowering variety distinguished by jagged-edged petals
                 subtype:  maiden_pink__Dianthus_deltoides  low-growing loosely mat-forming Eurasian pink with single crimson-eyed pale pink flowers
                 subtype:  cheddar_pink__cheddarpink__Diangus_gratianopolitanus  mat-forming perennial of central Europe with large fragrant pink or red flowers
                 subtype:  button_pink__Dianthus_latifolius  much-branched pink with flowers in clusters; closely related to sweet William
                 subtype:  cottage_pink__cottagepink__grasspink__dianthusplumariu  European pink cultivated for its very fragrant pink or rosy flowers
                 subtype:  fringed_pink__fringedpink__dianthussupurbu  Eurasian perennial pink having fragrant lilac or rose flowers with deeply fringed margins
              subtype:  baby's_breath__babies'-breath__babies'breath__Gypsophila_paniculata  tall plant with small lance-shaped leaves and numerous tiny white or pink flowers
              subtype:  lychnis__lychni__catchfly  mostly perennial herbs with sticky stems that catch insects; widespread in north temperate zone
                 subtype:  ragged_robin__cuckoo_flower__Lychnis_flos-cuculi__Lychins_floscuculi  common perennial native to Europe and western Asia having usually pink flowers with ragged petals
                 subtype:  scarlet_lychnis__scarletlychni__maltese_cross__maltesecros__Lychins_chalcedonica  Eurasian garden perennial having scarlet flowers in dense terminal heads
                 subtype:  mullein_pink__mulleinpink__rose_campion__gardener's_delight__dusty_miller__dustymiller__lychniscoronaria  an old cottage garden plant of southeastern Europe widely cultivated for its attractive white woolly foliage and showy crimson flowers
              subtype:  Moehringia_lateriflora__sandwort  low-growing herb having clusters of small white-flowers 4-petaled flowers
              subtype:  Moehringia_mucosa__sandwort  loosely matted plant with mosslike foliage studded with tiny starry 4-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe
              subtype:  soapwort__hedge_pink__hedgepink__bouncing_Bet__bouncing_Bess__Saponaria_officinalis  plant of European origin having pink or white flowers and leaves yielding a detergent when bruised
              subtype:  silene__campion__catchfly  any plant of the genus Silene
                 subtype:  moss_campion__Silene_acaulis  tuft- or mat-forming dwarf perennial of arctic regions of western and central Europe and North America
                 subtype:  wild_pink__Silene_caroliniana  perennial of eastern and central North America having short-stalked pink or white flowers in hairy clusters
                 subtype:  red_campion__red_bird's_eye__Silene_dioica__Lychnis_dioica  biennial European catchfly having red or pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
                 subtype:  white_campion__whitecampion__evening_lychnis__white_cockle__whitecockle__bladdercampion__Silene_latifolia__Lychnis_alba  bluish-green herb having sticky stems and clusters of large evening-opening white flowers with much-inflated calyx; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
                 subtype:  fire_pink__Silene_virginica  perennial herb of eastern North America, having red flowers with narrow notched petals
                 subtype:  bladder_campion__Silene_uniflora__Silene_vulgaris  perennial of arctic Europe having large white flowers with inflated calyx
              subtype:  cowherb__cow_cockle__cowcockle__Vaccaria_hispanica__Vaccaria_pyramidata__Saponaria_vaccaria  European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort
              subtype:  fig_marigold__figmarigold__pebbleplant  any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers
                 subtype:  ice_plant__iceplant__icicle_plant__Mesembryanthemum_crystallinum  Old World annual widely naturalized in warm regions having white flowers and fleshy foliage covered with hairs that resemble ice
              subtype:  globe_amaranth__globeamaranth__bachelor's_button__Gomphrena_globosa  tropical American herb having rose to red or purple flowers that can be dried without losing color
              subtype:  scarlet_musk_flower__Nyctaginia_capitata  viscid branched perennial of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having tuberous roots and deep red flowers
              subtype:  umbrellawort  a plant of the genus Mirabilis
              subtype:  four_o'clock  any of several plants of the genus Mirabilis having flowers that open in late afternoon
                 subtype:  common_four-o'clock__marvel-of-Peru__Mirabilis_jalapa__Mirabilis_uniflora  common garden plant of North America having fragrant red or purple or yellow or white flowers that open in late afternoon
                 subtype:  California_four_o'clock__Mirabilis_laevis__Mirabilis_californica  California four o'clock with purple-red flowers
                 subtype:  sweet_four_o'clock__maravilla__Mirabilis_longiflora  leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico
                 subtype:  desert_four_o'clock__Colorado_four_o'clock__maravilla__Mirabilis_multiflora  wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico
                 subtype:  mountain_four_o'clock__Mirabilis_oblongifolia  leafy wildflower with lavender-pink flowers that open in the evening and remain through cool part of the next day; found in open woods or brush in mountains of southern Colorado to Arizona and into Mexico
              subtype:  portulaca  a plant of the genus Portulaca having pink or red or purple or white ephemeral flowers
                 subtype:  rose_moss__sun_plant__sunplant__Portulaca_grandiflora  widely cultivated in many varieties for its fleshy mosslike foliage and profusion of brightly colored flowers
              subtype:  Carolina_spring_beauty__Claytonia_caroliniana  similar to Claytonia virginica but having usually pink flowers; eastern North America
              subtype:  spring_beauty__Clatonia_lanceolata  small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm
              subtype:  Virginia_spring_beauty__Claytonia_virginica  small cormous perennial grown for its low rosette of succulent foliage and racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; eastern North America
              subtype:  Cheiranthus_cheiri__wallflower__Erysimum_cheiri  perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum
              subtype:  prairie_rocket__prairierocket  any of several western American plants of the genus Cheiranthus having large yellow flowers
              subtype:  wallflower  any of numerous plants of the genus Erysimum having fragrant yellow or orange or brownish flowers
                 subtype:  Siberian_wall_flower__Erysimum_allionii__Cheiranthus_allionii  showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
              subtype:  prairie_rocket.flower__prairierocket  any of several North American plants of the genus Erysimum having large yellow flowers
              subtype:  western_wall_flower__Erysimum_asperum__Cheiranthus_asperus__Erysimum_arkansanum  biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
              subtype:  heliophila  any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes
              subtype:  damask_violet__Dame's_violet__sweet_rocket__sweetrocket__Hesperis_matronalis  long-cultivated herb having flowers whose scent is more pronounced in the evening; naturalized throughout Europe to Siberia and into North America
              subtype:  candytuft  any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region
              subtype:  sweet_alyssum__sweetalyssum__sweet_alison__sweetalison__Lobularia_maritima  perennial European plant having clusters of small fragrant usually white flowers; widely grown in gardens
              subtype:  Malcolm_stock__stock  any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia
              subtype:  Virginian_stock__Virginia_stock__Malcolmia_maritima  erect branching herb cultivated for its loose racemes of fragrant white or pink or red or lilac flowers; native to sands and sea cliffs of southwestern Greece and southern Albania
              subtype:  gillyflower  any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers
                 subtype:  brompton_stock__Matthiola_incana  European plant with racemes of sweet-scented flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
              subtype:  schizopetalon__Schizopetalon_walkeri  a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers
              subtype:  poppy  annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers
                 subtype:  Papaver_alpinum__Iceland_poppy  Old World alpine poppy with white or yellow to orange flowers
                 subtype:  western_poppy__westernpoppy__Papaver_californicum  showy annual of California with red flowers
                 subtype:  Papaver_argemone__prickly_poppy__pricklypoppy  annual Old World poppy with orange-red flowers and bristly fruit
                 subtype:  Iceland_poppy__arctic_poppy__Papaver_nudicaule  subarctic perennial poppy of both hemispheres having fragrant white or yellow to orange or peach flowers
                 subtype:  oriental_poppy__Papaver_orientale  commonly cultivated Asiatic perennial poppy having stiff heavily haired leaves and bright scarlet or pink to orange flowers
                 subtype:  corn_poppy__field_poppy__Flanders_poppy__Papaver_rhoeas  annual European poppy common in grain fields and often cultivated
                 subtype:  opium_poppy__Papaver_somniferum  southwestern Asian herb with grayish leaves and white or reddish flowers; source of opium
                 subtype:  greater_celandine__greatercelandine__celandine__swallow_wort__swallowwort__chelidoniummaju  perennial herb with branched woody stock and bright yellow flowers
                 subtype:  California_poppy__Eschscholtzia_californica  of Pacific coast of North America; widely cultivated for its yellow to red flowers
                 subtype:  golden_cup__Mexican_tulip_poppy__Hunnemania_fumariifolia  native of Mexican highlands grown for its glossy clear yellow flowers and blue-gray finely dissected foliage
                 subtype:  plume_poppy__plumepoppy__bocconia__Macleaya_cordata  herb of China and Japan widely cultivated for its plumelike panicles of creamy white flowers
                 subtype:  blue_poppy__Meconopsis_betonicifolia  Chinese perennial having mauve-pink to bright sky blue flowers in drooping cymes
                 subtype:  Welsh_poppy__Meconopsis_cambrica  widely cultivated west European plant with showy pale yellow flowers
                 subtype:  creamcups__creamcup__Platystemon_californicus  California plant with small pale yellow flowers
                 subtype:  wind_poppy__flaming_poppy__flamingpoppy__Stylomecon_heterophyllum__Papaver_heterophyllum  California wild poppy with bright red flowers
                 subtype:  celandine_poppy__wood_poppy__Stylophorum_diphyllum  perennial here native to woodland of the eastern United States having yellow flowers
              subtype:  corydalis__corydali  a plant of the genus Corydalis with beautiful compound foliage and spurred tubular flowers
              subtype:  horn_poppy__horned_poppy__yellow_horned_poppy__sea_poppy__seapoppy__Glaucium_flavum  yellow-flowered Eurasian glaucous herb naturalized in along sandy shores in eastern North America
              subtype:  composite_plant__compositeplant__composite  considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers
                 subtype:  compass_plant__compassplant__compass_flower__compassflower  any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass
                    subtype:  prickly_lettuce__pricklylettuce__horse_thistle__horsethistle__Lactuca_serriola__Lactuca_scariola  European annual wild lettuce having prickly stems; a troublesome weed in parts of United States
                    subtype:  rosinweed__Silphium_laciniatum  North American perennial having a resinous odor and yellow flowers
                    subtype:  wyethia__Wyethia_ovata  low tufted white-woolly yellow-flowered herb of California
                 subtype:  everlasting_flower__everlastingflower__everlasting  any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
                    subtype:  pink-and-white_everlasting__pink_paper_daisy__Acroclinium_roseum  flower of southwestern Australia having bright pink daisylike papery flowers; grown for drying
                    subtype:  pearly_everlasting__cottonweed__Anaphalis_margaritacea  American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts
                    subtype:  cudweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
                       subtype:  chafeweed__wood_cudweed__Gnaphalium_sylvaticum  weedy perennial of north temperate regions having woolly foliage and dirty white flowers in a leafy spike
                    subtype:  golden_everlasting__strawflower__yellow_paper_daisy__Helichrysum_bracteatum  Australian plant naturalized in Spain having flowers of lemon yellow to deep gold; the choice everlasting of dried-flower lovers
                    subtype:  strawflower  any of various plants of the genus Helipterum
                    subtype:  cascade_everlasting__cascadeeverlasting__Ozothamnus_secundiflorus__Helichrysum_secundiflorum  shrub with white woolly branches and woolly leaves having fragrant flowers forming long sprays; flowers suitable for drying; sometimes placed in genus Helichrysum
                    subtype:  Swan_River_everlasting__rhodanthe__Rhodanthe_manglesii__Helipterum_manglesii  Australian annual everlasting having light pink nodding flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Helipterum
                    subtype:  immortelle__Xeranthemum_annuum  mostly widely cultivated species of everlasting flowers having usually purple flowers; southern Europe to Iran; naturalized elsewhere
                 subtype:  stinking_mayweed__mayweed__dog_fennel__dogfennel__stinking_chamomile__Anthemis_cotula  widespread rank-smelling weed having white-rayed flower heads with yellow discs
                 subtype:  yellow_chamomile__golden_marguerite__dyers'_chamomile__Anthemis_tinctoria  Eurasian perennial herb with hairy divided leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
                 subtype:  corn_chamomile__field_chamomile__corn_mayweed__Anthemis_arvensis  European white-flowered weed naturalized in North America
                 subtype:  oxeye_daisy__Leucanthemum_maximum__Chrysanthemum_maximum  similar to oxeye daisy
                 subtype:  shasta_daisy__Leucanthemum_superbum__Chrysanthemum_maximum_maximum  hybrid garden flower derived from Chrysanthemum maximum and Chrysanthemum lacustre having large white flower heads resembling oxeye daisies; often placed in the genus Chrysanthemum
                 subtype:  Pyrenees_daisy__Leucanthemum_lacustre__Chrysanthemum_lacustre  perennial of Portugal similar to the oxeye daisy
                 subtype:  dusty_miller__dustymiller__silverlace__Tanacetum_ptarmiciflorum__Chrysanthemum_ptarmiciflorum  shrubby perennial of the Canary Islands having white flowers and leaves and hairy stems covered with dustlike down; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
                 subtype:  tansy__golden_buttons__scented_fern__scentedfern__tanacetumvulgare  common perennial aromatic herb native to Eurasia having buttonlike yellow flower heads and bitter-tasting pinnate leaves sometimes used medicinally
                 subtype:  crownbeard__crown_beard__crownbeard  any plant of the genus Verbesina having clustered white or yellow flower heads
                    subtype:  wingstem__golden_ironweed__yellow_ironweed__golden_honey_plant__Verbesina_alternifolia__Actinomeris_alternifolia  perennial herb with showy yellow flowers; the eastern United States
                    subtype:  cowpen_daisy__golden_crownbeard__golden_crown_beard__butter_daisy__Verbesina_encelioides__Ximenesia_encelioides  coarse grayish green annual yellow-flowered herb; southwestern United States to Mexico
                    subtype:  gravelweed__Verbesina_helianthoides  perennial herb with yellow flowers; southern and south central United States
                    subtype:  Virginia_crownbeard__frostweed__verbesinavirginica  tall perennial herb having clusters of white flowers; the eastern United States
              subtype:  ageratum  any plant of the genus Ageratum having opposite leaves and small heads of blue or white flowers
                 subtype:  common_ageratum__Ageratum_houstonianum  small tender herb grown for its fluffy brushlike blue to lavender blooms
              subtype:  Amberboa_moschata__sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Centaurea_moschata  Asian plant widely grown for its sweetly fragrant pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Centaurea
              subtype:  ammobium  any plant of the genus Ammobium having yellow flowers and silvery foliage
                 subtype:  winged_everlasting__Ammobium_alatum  Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems
              subtype:  African_daisy  any of several plants of the genus Arctotis having daisylike flowers
              subtype:  blue-eyed_African_daisy__Arctotis_stoechadifolia__Arctotis_venusta  bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color
              subtype:  aster  any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers
                 subtype:  wood_aster  any of several asters of eastern North America usually growing in woods
                    subtype:  heart-leaved_aster__Aster_cordifolius  perennial wood aster of eastern North America
                    subtype:  white_wood_aster__Aster_divaricatus  rhizomatous perennial wood aster of eastern North America with white flowers
                    subtype:  large-leaved_aster__Aster_macrophyllus  tufted perennial wood aster of North America; naturalized in Europe
                 subtype:  whorled_aster__whorledaster__Aster_acuminatus  North American perennial with apparently whorled leaves and showy white purple-tinged flowers
                 subtype:  Aster_arenosus__heath_aster__heathaster  common North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small white flower heads
                 subtype:  bushy_aster__bushyaster__Aster_dumosus  stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads
                 subtype:  heath_aster__heathaster__Aster_ericoides__asterericoide  common much-branched North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small starry white flowers
                 subtype:  white_prairie_aster__whiteprairieaster__Aster_falcatus  perennial of western North America having white flowers
                 subtype:  stiff_aster__stiffaster__Aster_linarifolius  wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers
                 subtype:  goldilocks_aster__goldilocks__Aster_linosyris__asterlinosyri__Linosyris_vulgaris  early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod
                 subtype:  New_England_aster__Aster_novae-angliae  common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy
                 subtype:  Michaelmas_daisy__New_York_aster__Aster_novi-belgii  North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe
                 subtype:  upland_white_aster__Aster_ptarmicoides  tufted rigid North American perennial with loose clusters of white flowers
                 subtype:  Short's_aster__Aster_shortii  perennial of southeastern United States having usually blue flowers
                 subtype:  sea_aster__seaaster__sea_starwort__seastarwort__astertripolium  a common European salt-marsh aster
                 subtype:  prairie_aster__prairieaster__Aster_turbinellis  violet-flowered perennial aster of central United States having solitary heads
                 subtype:  annual_salt-marsh_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  aromatic_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  arrow_leaved_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  azure_aster__azureaster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  bog_aster__bogaster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  crooked-stemmed_aster__crookedstemmedaster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  Eastern_silvery_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  flat-topped_white_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  late_purple_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  panicled_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  perennial_salt_marsh_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  purple-stemmed_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  rough-leaved_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  rush_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  Schreiber's_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  small_white_aster__smallwhiteaster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  smooth_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  southern_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  starved_aster__starvedaster__calico_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  tradescant's_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  wavy-leaved_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  Western_silvery_aster  a variety of aster
                 subtype:  willow_aster  a variety of aster
              subtype:  daisy  any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl
                 subtype:  common_daisy__English_daisy__Bellis_perennis  low-growing Eurasian plant with yellow central disc flowers and pinkish-white outer ray flowers
              subtype:  Swan_River_daisy__Brachycome_Iberidifolia  western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays
              subtype:  calendula  any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes
                 subtype:  common_marigold__pot_marigold__potmarigold__ruddles__ruddle__Scotch_marigold__Calendula_officinalis  the common European annual marigold
              subtype:  China_aster__Callistephus_chinensis  valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting
              subtype:  catananche  any of several plants of the genus Catananche having long-stalked heads of blue or yellow flowers
                 subtype:  blue_succory__cupid's_dart__cupid'sdart__Catananche_caerula  south European plant having dark-eyed flowers with flat blue rays
              subtype:  bachelor's_button__cornflower__bluebottle__Centaurea_cyanus  an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers
              subtype:  sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Centaurea_imperialis  perennial of mountains of Iran and Iraq; cultivated for its fragrant rose-pink flowers
              subtype:  chrysanthemum  any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum; Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Tanacetum; widely cultivated
                 subtype:  corn_marigold__field_marigold__fieldmarigold__Chrysanthemum_segetum  European herb with bright yellow flowers; a common weed in grain fields
                 subtype:  crown_daisy__crowndaisy__Chrysanthemum_coronarium  shrubby annual of the Mediterranean region with yellowish-white flowers
                 subtype:  tong_ho__chop-suey_greens__shun_giku__Chrysanthemum_coronarium_spatiosum  grown for its succulent edible leaves used in Oriental cooking
                 subtype:  florist's_chrysanthemum__florist'schrysanthemum__florists'_chrysanthemum__florists'chrysanthemum__mum__Dendranthema_grandifloruom__Chrysanthemum_morifolium  of China
              subtype:  mistflower__ageratum__Conoclinium_coelestinum__Eupatorium_coelestinum  rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
              subtype:  cosmos  any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals
              subtype:  brass_buttons__Cotula_coronopifolia  South African herb with golden-yellow globose flower heads; naturalized in moist areas along coast of California; cultivated as an ornamental
              subtype:  billy_buttons__billybutton  any of various plants of the genus Craspedia grown for their downy foliage and globose heads of golden flowers; Australia and New Zealand
              subtype:  dahlia__Dahlia_pinnata  any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia
              subtype:  cape_marigold__sun_marigold__sunmarigold__star_of_the_veldt  any of several South African plants grown for the profusion of usually yellow daisylike flowers and mounds of aromatic foliage
              subtype:  coneflower  any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center
              subtype:  blue_daisy__blue_marguerite__Felicia_amelloides  hairy South African or Australian subshrub with blue-rayed daisylike flowers
              subtype:  kingfisher_daisy__Felicia_bergeriana  softly hairy South African herb having flowers with bright blue rays
              subtype:  cotton_rose__cudweed  any plant of the genus Filago having capitate clusters of small woolly flower heads
                 subtype:  herba_impia__herbaimpia__Filago_germanica  (literally an undutiful herb) a variety of cotton rose
              subtype:  gazania  any plant of the genus Gazania valued for their showy daisy flowers
                 subtype:  treasure_flower__Gazania_rigens  decumbent South African perennial with short densely leafy stems and orange flower rays with black eyespots at base
              subtype:  African_daisy.flower__africandaisy  African or Asiatic herbs with daisylike flowers
                 subtype:  Barberton_daisy__Transvaal_daisy__Gerbera_jamesonii  widely cultivated South African perennial having flower heads with orange to flame-colored rays
              subtype:  sunflower__helianthus  any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays
                 subtype:  swamp_sunflower__swampsunflower__Helianthus_angustifolius  sunflower of eastern North America having narrow leaves and found in bogs
                 subtype:  common_sunflower__mirasol__helianthusannuu  annual sunflower grown for silage and for its seeds which are a source of oil; common throughout United States and much of North America
                 subtype:  giant_sunflower__tall_sunflower__Indian_potato__Helianthus_giganteus  very tall American perennial of central and the eastern United States to Canada having edible tuberous roots
                 subtype:  showy_sunflower__Helianthus_laetiflorus  tall rough-leaved perennial with a few large flower heads; central United States
                 subtype:  Maximilian's_sunflower__Helianthus_maximilianii  tall perennial of central United States to Canada having golden-yellow flowers
                 subtype:  prairie_sunflower__prairiesunflower__Helianthus_petiolaris  similar to the common sunflower with slender usually branching stems common in central United States
                 subtype:  Jerusalem_artichoke_sunflower__Jerusalem_artichoke__girasol__helianthustuberosu  tall perennial with hairy stems and leaves; widely cultivated for its large irregular edible tubers
              subtype:  tidytips__tidy_tips__Layia_platyglossa  California annual having flower heads with yellow rays tipped with white
              subtype:  ox-eyed_daisy__oxeye_daisy__marguerite__moon_daisy__white_daisy__whitedaisy__Leucanthemum_vulgare__Chrysanthemum_leucanthemum  tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum
              subtype:  Texas_star__Lindheimera_texana  Texas annual with coarsely pinnatifid leaves; cultivated for its showy radiate yellow flower heads
              subtype:  yellow_ageratum__African_daisy__Lonas_inodora__Lonas_annua  shrub of southwestern Mediterranean region having yellow daisylike flowers
              subtype:  cineraria__Pericallis_cruenta__Senecio_cruentus  herb of Canary Islands widely cultivated for its blue or purple or red or variegated daisylike flowers
              subtype:  florest's_cineraria__florest'scineraria__Pericallis_hybrida  herb derived from Pericallis cruenta and widely cultivated in a variety of profusely flowering forms with florets from white to pink to red or purple or violet or blue; sometimes placed in genus Cineraria
              subtype:  coneflower.flower  any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones
                 subtype:  black-eyed_Susan__Rudbeckia_hirta__Rudbeckia_serotina  the state flower of Maryland; of central and southeastern United States; having daisylike flowers with dark centers and yellow to orange rays
                 subtype:  cutleaved_coneflower__cutleavedconeflower__Rudbeckia_laciniata  tall leafy plant with erect branches ending in large yellow flower heads with downward-arching rays; grow in Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and east to the Atlantic coast
                    subtype:  golden_glow__double_gold__hortensia__Rudbeckia_laciniata_hortensia  very tall branching herb with showy much-doubled yellow flower heads
              subtype:  white-topped_aster  herb having corymbose white-rayed flowers with scaly bracts and silky indehiscent fruits
                 subtype:  narrow-leaved_white-topped_aster  a variety of white-topped aster
              subtype:  stokes'_aster__stokes'aster__cornflower_aster__Stokesia_laevis  erect perennial of southeastern United States having large heads of usually blue flowers
              subtype:  marigold  any of various tropical American plants of the genus Tagetes widely cultivated for their showy yellow or orange flowers
                 subtype:  African_marigold__big_marigold__bigmarigold__Aztec_marigold__Tagetes_erecta  a stout branching annual with large yellow to orange flower heads; Mexico and Central America
                 subtype:  French_marigold__Tagetes_patula  strong-scented bushy annual with orange or yellow flower heads marked with red; Mexico and Guatemala
              subtype:  painted_daisy__painteddaisy__pyrethrum__Tanacetum_coccineum__Chrysanthemum_coccineum  spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
              subtype:  Mexican_sunflower__tithonia  any plant of the genus Tithonia; tall coarse herbs or shrubs of Mexico to Panama having large flower heads resembling sunflowers with yellow disc florets and golden-yellow to orange-scarlet rays
              subtype:  Easter_daisy__stemless_daisy__Townsendia_Exscapa  dwarf tufted nearly stemless herb having a rosette of woolly leaves and large white-rayed flower heads and bristly achenes; central Canada and United States west to Arizona
              subtype:  ursinia  any of various plants of the genus Ursinia grown for their yellow- or orange- or white-rayed flowers
              subtype:  xeranthemum  any plant of the genus Xeranthemum native to southern Europe having chaffy or silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers
              subtype:  zinnia__old_maid__oldmaid__old_maid_flower  any of various plants of the genus Zinnia cultivated for their variously and brightly colored flower heads
                 subtype:  white_zinnia__whitezinnia__Zinnia_acerosa  subshrub with slender woolly stems and long narrow leaves and flower heads with white rays; southern United States and northern Mexico
                 subtype:  little_golden_zinnia__Zinnia_grandiflora  subshrub having short leafy stems and numerous small flower heads with nearly round yellow-orange rays; Arizona south to Mexico and east to Kansas
              subtype:  Mentzelia_livicaulis__blazing_star__blazingstar__mentzelialaevicauli  biennial of southwestern United States having lustrous-white stems and toothed leaves grown for its large pale yellow flowers that open in early morning
              subtype:  bartonia__Mentzelia_lindleyi  annual grown especially for its fragrant golden nocturnal flowers
              subtype:  orchid__orchidaceous_plant  any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors
                 subtype:  orchis  any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes
                    subtype:  male_orchis__early_purple_orchid__Orchis_mascula  Eurasian orchid with showy pink or purple flowers in a loose spike
                    subtype:  Orchis_papilionaceae__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__butterflyorchi  Mediterranean orchid having usually purple flowers with a fan-shaped spotted or striped rose-red lip
                    subtype:  showy_orchis__purple_orchis__purple-hooded_orchis__Orchis_spectabilis  North American orchid having a spike of violet-purple flowers mixed with white; sepals and petals form a hood
                 subtype:  aerides__aeride  any orchid of the genus Aerides
                 subtype:  angrecum  any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having 2-ranked dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers
                 subtype:  jewel_orchid__jewelorchid  any of several delicate Asiatic orchids grown especially for their velvety leaves with metallic white or gold veining
                 subtype:  puttyroot__adam-and-eve__Aplectrum_hyemale  North American orchid bearing a single leaf and yellowish-brown flowers
                 subtype:  arethusa  any of several bog orchids of the genus Arethusa having 1 or 2 showy flowers
                    subtype:  bog_rose__bogrose__wild_pink__dragon's_mouth__Arethusa_bulbosa  a bog orchid with usually a solitary fragrant magenta pink blossom with a wide-gaping corolla; Canada
                 subtype:  bletia  any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudo-bulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers
                 subtype:  Bletilla_striata__Bletia_striata  Japanese orchid with white-striped leaves and slender erect racemes of rose to magenta flowers; often cultivated; sometimes placed in genus Bletia
                 subtype:  brassavola  any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7
                 subtype:  Brassia_lawrenceana__spider_orchid  South American orchid with spiderlike pale-yellow to pale-green flowers
                 subtype:  Brassia_verrucosa__spider_orchid  Central American orchid having spiderlike flowers with prominent green warts
                 subtype:  caladenia  any of various orchids of the genus Caladenia
                    subtype:  zebra_orchid__zebraorchid__Caladenia_cairnsiana  orchid with red-tinged linear leaves and panicle of purple-marked pale-yellow flowers with deep red or purple lip; southwestern Australia
                 subtype:  calanthe  any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise
                 subtype:  grass_pink__grasspink__calopogonpulchellum__Calopogon_tuberosum  an orchid
                 subtype:  calypso__fairyslipper__Calypso_bulbosa  rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf
                 subtype:  jumping_orchid__jumpingorchid__Catasetum_macrocarpum  orchid having both male and female flowers in the same raceme; when a sensitive projection at the base of the column of the male flower is touched the pollen is suddenly ejected
                 subtype:  cattleya  any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a hood-shaped three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known
                 subtype:  helleborine  any of several orchids of the genus Cephalanthera
                    subtype:  red_helleborine__redhelleborine__Cephalanthera_rubra  orchid of Mediterranean and Asia having a lax spike of bright rose-pink flowers
                 subtype:  spreading_pogonia__spreadingpogonia__funnel-crest_rosebud_orchid__Cleistes_divaricata__Pogonia_divaricata  orchid of northeastern United States with magenta-pink flowers having funnel-shaped lip; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
                 subtype:  rosebud_orchid__rosebudorchid__Cleistes_rosea__Pogonia_rosea  orchid of central and northern South America having 1- to 3-blossomed racemes of large showy rose-colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
                 subtype:  satyr_orchid__satyrorchid__Coeloglossum_bracteatum  orchid with broad ovate leaves and long-bracted green very irregular flowers
                 subtype:  Coeloglossum_viride__frog_orchid  orchid having hooded long-bracted green to yellow-green flowers suffused with purple
                 subtype:  coelogyne  any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; sinister salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black
                 subtype:  coral_root__coralroot  a wildflower of the genus Corallorhiza growing from a hard mass of rhizomes associated with a fungus that aids in absorbing nutrients from the forest floor
                    subtype:  spotted_coral_root__spottedcoralroot__Corallorhiza_maculata  common coral root having yellowish- or reddish- or purplish-brown leafless stems bearing loose racemes of similarly colored flowers with white purple-spotted lips; Guatemala to Canada
                    subtype:  striped_coral_root__stripedcoralroot__Corallorhiza_striata  nearly leafless wildflower with erect reddish-purple stems bearing racemes of pale pinkish and brownish-striped flowers; western Canada to Mexico
                    subtype:  early_coral_root__earlycoralroot__pale_coral_root__Corallorhiza_trifida  plant having clumps of nearly leafless pale yellowish to greenish stems bearing similarly colored flowers with white lower lips; northern New Mexico north through South Dakota and Washington to Alaska
                 subtype:  helmetflower__helmet_orchid  any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process
                 subtype:  swan_orchid__swanflower__swanneck  any of several orchids of the genus Cycnoches having slender arching columns of flowers suggesting the neck of a swan
                 subtype:  cymbid__cymbidium  any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers
                 subtype:  cypripedia  a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium
                 subtype:  lady's_slipper__lady-slipper__ladies'_slipper__ladies'slipper__slipper_orchid__slipperorchid  any of several chiefly American wildflowers having an inflated pouchlike lip; difficult or impossible to cultivate in the garden
                    subtype:  moccasin_flower__nerveroot__Cypripedium_acaule  once common rose pink woodland orchid of eastern North America
                    subtype:  common_lady's-slipper__showy_lady's-slipper__showy_lady_slipper__Cypripedium_reginae__Cypripedium_album  pale pink wild orchid of northeastern America having an inflated pouchlike lip
                    subtype:  ram's-head_lady's_slipper__ram's-head__ram'shead__Cypripedium_arietinum  orchid of northern North America having a brownish-green flower and red-and-white lip suggestive of a ram's head
                    subtype:  yellow_lady's_slipper__yellow_lady-slipper__Cypripedium_calceolus__Cypripedium_parviflorum  maroon to purple-brown orchid with yellow lip; Europe, North America and Japan
                       subtype:  large_yellow_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_calceolus_pubescens  plant of eastern and central North America having slightly fragrant purple-marked greenish-yellow flowers
                    subtype:  California_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_californicum  often having many yellow-green orchids with white pouches growing along streams and seeps of southwestern Oregon and northern California
                    subtype:  clustered_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_fasciculatum  clusters of several short stems each having 2 broad leaves and 2-4 drooping brownish to greenish flowers with pouches mottled with purple; British Columbia to central California and northern Colorado
                    subtype:  mountain_lady's_slipper__Cypripedium_montanum  leafy plant having a few stems in a clump with 1 white and dull purple flower in each upper leaf axil; Alaska to northern California and Wyoming
                 subtype:  marsh_orchid__marshorchid  any of several orchids of the genus Dactylorhiza having fingerlike tuberous roots; Europe and Mediterranean region
                 subtype:  common_spotted_orchid__Dactylorhiza_fuchsii__Dactylorhiza_maculata_fuchsii  European orchid having lanceolate leaves spotted purple and pink to white or mauve flowers spotted or lined deep red or purple
                 subtype:  dendrobium  a plant of the genus Dendrobium having stems like cane and usually showy racemose flowers
                 subtype:  disa  any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions
                 subtype:  phantom_orchid__phantomorchid__snow_orchid__Eburophyton_austinae  waxy white nearly leafless plant with stems in clusters and racemes of white flowers; northwestern United States to northern California and east to Idaho
                 subtype:  tulip_orchid__tuliporchid__Encyclia_citrina__Cattleya_citrina  Mexican epiphytic orchid with glaucous gray-green leaves and lemon- to golden-yellow flowers appearing only partially opened; sometimes placed in genus Cattleya
                 subtype:  Encyclia_tampensis__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__epidendrumtampense  orchid of Florida and the Bahamas having showy brightly colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Epidendrum
                 subtype:  butterfly_orchis__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid__epidendrumvenosum__Encyclia_venosa  Mexican epiphytic orchid having pale green or yellow-green flowers with white purple-veined lip
                 subtype:  epidendron  any of various orchids of the genus Epidendrum
                 subtype:  helleborine.orchid  any of various orchids of the genus Epipactis
                    subtype:  Epipactis_helleborine  European orchid with spikes of green and pinkish or purplish flowers
                    subtype:  stream_orchid__chatterbox__giant_helleborine__gianthelleborine__Epipactis_gigantea  orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf
                 subtype:  tongueflower  orchid having blue to purple flowers with tongue- or strap-shaped protuberances (calli) at the lip base
                 subtype:  rattlesnake_plantain__rattlesnakeplantain__helleborine  any of several small temperate and tropical orchids having mottled or striped leaves and spikes of small yellowish-white flowers in a twisted raceme
                 subtype:  fragrant_orchid__Gymnadenia_conopsea  European orchid having dense spikes of fragrant pink or lilac or red flowers with conspicuous spurs
                 subtype:  short-spurred_fragrant_orchid__Gymnadenia_odoratissima  similar to Gymnadenia conopsea but with smaller flowers on shorter stems and having much shorter spurs
                 subtype:  fringed_orchis__fringed_orchid__fringedorchid  any of several summer-flowering American orchids distinguished by a fringed or lacerated lip
                    subtype:  white_fringed_orchis__white_fringed_orchid__whitefringedorchid__Habenaria_albiflora  bog orchid of eastern North America with a spike of pure white fringed flowers
                    subtype:  Habenaria_fimbriata__purple-fringed_orchid__purple-fringed_orchis  North American orchid similar to Habenaria psycodes with larger paler flowers
                    subtype:  Hooker's_orchid__Habenaria_hookeri  a long-spurred orchid with base leaves and petals converging under the upper sepal
                    subtype:  ragged_orchid__ragged_orchis__ragged-fringed_orchid__green_fringed_orchis__Habenaria_lacera  fringed orchid of the eastern United States having a greenish flower with the lip deeply lacerate
                    subtype:  prairie_orchid__prairieorchid__prairiewhitefringedorchi__Habenaria_leucophaea  orchid of boggy or wet lands of north central United States having racemes of very fragrant creamy or greenish white flowers
                    subtype:  snowy_orchid__snowyorchid__Habenaria_nivea  slender fringed orchid of eastern North America having white flowers
                    subtype:  purple_fringeless_orchid__purple_fringeless_orchis__Habenaria_peramoena  orchid of northeastern and alpine eastern North America closely related to the purple fringed orchids but having rosy-purple or violet flowers with denticulate leaf divisions
                    subtype:  purple-fringed_orchid__purple-fringed_orchis__Habenaria_psycodes  North American orchid with clusters of fragrant purple fringed flowers
                 subtype:  frog_orchid  any of several green orchids of the genus Habenaria
                 subtype:  rein_orchid__rein_orchis  any of several American wildflowers with a kidney-shaped lip
                    subtype:  bog_rein_orchid__bog_candles__bogcandle__Habenaria_dilatata  orchid with spikes of many fragrant white flowers on erect leafy stems; of wet or boggy ground through most of the West and northern North America
                    subtype:  elegant_Habenaria__Habenaria_elegans  slender inland rein orchid similar to coastal rein orchid but with pale greenish-yellow flowers
                    subtype:  coastal_rein_orchid__Habenaria_greenei  stout orchid of central California to northern Washington having racemes of white fragrant bilaterally symmetrical flowers
                    subtype:  round-leaved_rein_orchid__Habenaria_orbiculata  orchid having a raceme of large greenish-white flowers on a single flower stalk growing between two elliptic or round basal leaves lying on the ground; from northern Oregon and Montana across Canada to the eastern United States
                    subtype:  Alaska_rein_orchid__Habenaria_unalascensis  similar to coastal rein orchid but with smaller flowers; Alaska to Baja California and east to the Dakotas and Colorado
                 subtype:  crested_coral_root__crestedcoralroot__Hexalectris_spicata  orchid with yellowish-brown flowers with dark veins; southeastern Arizona to the eastern United States
                 subtype:  Texas_purple_spike__Hexalectris_warnockii  orchid with slender nearly leafless reddish-brown stems with loose racemes of reddish-brown flowers; of open brushy woods of southeastern Arizona and central Texas
                 subtype:  lizard_orchid__Himantoglossum_hircinum  an orchid of the genus Himantoglossum
                 subtype:  laelia  any of various spectacular plants of the genus Laelia having showy flowers in many colors
                 subtype:  liparis__lipari  an orchid of the genus Liparis having few leaves and usually fairly small yellow-green or dull purple flowers in terminal racemes
                 subtype:  twayblade  an orchid of the genus Liparis having a pair of leaves
                 subtype:  fen_orchid__fenorchid__fen_orchis__Liparis_loeselii  small terrestrial orchid of eastern North America and Europe having two nearly basal leaves and dull yellow-green racemose flowers
                 subtype:  broad-leaved_twayblade__Listera_convallarioides  small orchid with two elliptic leaves and a slender raceme of small green flowers; western North America
                 subtype:  lesser_twayblade__Listera_cordata  orchid having two triangular leaves and a short lax raceme of green to rust-colored flowers with the lip flushed mauve; Europe and Asia and North America and Greenland
                 subtype:  Listera_ovata__twayblade  orchid having a pair of ovate leaves and a long slender raceme of green flowers sometimes tinged red-brown; Europe to central Asia
                 subtype:  green_adder's_mouth__greenadder'smouth__Malaxis-unifolia__Malaxis_ophioglossoides  North American orchid having a solitary leaf and flowers with threadlike petals
                 subtype:  masdevallia  any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube
                 subtype:  maxillaria  any of numerous orchids of the genus Maxillaria often cultivated for their large brilliantly colored solitary flowers
                 subtype:  pansy_orchid__pansyorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Miltonia having solitary or loosely racemose showy broadly spreading flowers
                 subtype:  odontoglossum  any of numerous and diverse orchids of the genus Odontoglossum having racemes of few to many showy usually large flowers in many colors
                 subtype:  oncidium__dancing_lady_orchid__butterfly_plant__butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid  any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants
                 subtype:  bee_orchid__beeorchid__ophrysapifera  European orchid whose flowers resemble bumble bees in shape and color
                 subtype:  Ophrys_insectifera__fly_orchid__flyorchid__Ophrys_muscifera  European orchid whose flowers resemble flies
                 subtype:  spider_orchid  any of several European orchids of the genus Ophrys
                    subtype:  early_spider_orchid__Ophrys_sphegodes  spring-blooming spider orchid having a flower with yellow or green or pink sepals and a broad brown velvety lip
                 subtype:  Venus'_slipper__Venus's_slipper__Venus's_shoe  any of various orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum having slender flower stalks bearing 1 to several waxy flowers with pouchlike lips
                 subtype:  phaius  an orchid of the genus Phaius having large plicate leaves and racemes of showy flowers
                 subtype:  moth_orchid__moth_plant  any of various orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis having often drooping glossy broad obovate or oval leaves usually dark green flushed purple or mottled gray and silver
                    subtype:  butterfly_plant__Phalaenopsis_amabilis  orchid having large elliptic to obovate fleshy leaves and fragrant pink-and-white flowers dotted with red
                 subtype:  rattlesnake_orchid__rattlesnakeorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Pholidota having numerous white to brown flowers in spiraling racemes clothed in slightly inflated bracts and resembling a rattlesnake's tail
                 subtype:  lesser_butterfly_orchid__Platanthera_bifolia__Habenaria_bifolia  south European orchid having fragrant greenish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
                 subtype:  greater_butterfly_orchid__greaterbutterflyorchid__Platanthera_chlorantha__Habenaria_chlorantha  south European orchid with dark green flowers that are larger and less fragrant than Platanthera bifolia; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
                 subtype:  prairie_white-fringed_orchid__prairiewhitefringedorchid__Platanthera_leucophea  of central North America; a threatened species
                 subtype:  tangle_orchid  an orchid of the genus Plectorrhiza having tangled roots and long wiry stems bearing lax racemes of small fragrant green flowers
                 subtype:  Indian_crocus  any of several dwarf orchids of the genus Pleione bearing 1 or 2 solitary slender-stalked white or pink to magenta or occasionally yellow flowers
                 subtype:  pleurothallis__pleurothalli  any of numerous small tufted orchids of the genus Pleurothallis having leathery to fleshy leaves and racemes of 1 to many small flowers
                 subtype:  pogonia  any hardy bog orchid of the genus Pogonia: terrestrial orchids having slender rootstocks and erect stems bearing one or a few leaves and a solitary terminal flower
                 subtype:  butterfly_orchid__butterflyorchid  any orchid of the genus Psychopsis: spectacular large tiger-striped orchids
                    subtype:  Psychopsis_krameriana__Oncidium_papilio_kramerianum  orchid of South and Central America having flowers similar to but smaller than Psychopsis papilio; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
                    subtype:  Psychopsis_papilio__Oncidium_papilio  orchid of South America and Trinidad having large yellow and reddish-brown flowers; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
                 subtype:  helmet_orchid__greenhood  any of numerous orchids of the genus Pterostylis having leaves in a basal rosette and green flowers often striped purple or brown or red with the dorsal sepal incurved to form a hood
                 subtype:  foxtail_orchid__foxtailorchid  any of various orchids of the genus Rhyncostylis having pink- to purple-marked white flowers in a dense cylindrical raceme
                 subtype:  orange-blossom_orchid__Sarcochilus_falcatus  diminutive Australian orchid with loose racemes of fragrant white flowers with purple and orange markings on the lip
                 subtype:  sobralia  any of various showy orchids of the genus Sobralia having leafy stems and bright-colored solitary or racemose flowers similar to those of genus Cattleya
                 subtype:  ladies'_tresses__ladies'tresse__lady's_tresses  an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having slender often twisted spikes of white flowers
                    subtype:  screw_augur__screwaugur__Spiranthes_cernua  an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having tall erect densely flowered spiraling clusters of creamy white vanilla-scented flowers; widely distributed especially in low damp places of eastern and central North America
                    subtype:  hooded_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_romanzoffiana  orchid having dense clusters of gently spiraling creamy white flowers with 2 upper petals forming a hood; western North America
                    subtype:  western_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_porrifolia  similar to Spiranthes romanzoffiana;States
                    subtype:  European_ladies'_tresses__Spiranthes_spiralis  European orchid having shorter racemes of strongly spiraling snow-white flowers
                 subtype:  stanhopea  any of various orchids of the genus Stanhopea having a single large leaf and loose racemes of large fragrant flowers of various colors; Mexico to Brazil
                 subtype:  stelis  any of various small tropical American orchids of the genus Stelis having long slender racemes of numerous small to minute flowers
                 subtype:  fly_orchid__flyorchid  any of several dwarf creeping orchids with small bizarre insectlike hairy flowers on slender stalks
                 subtype:  vanda  any of numerous showy orchids of the genus Vanda having many large flowers in loose racemes
                    subtype:  blue_orchid__Vanda_coerulea  famous orchid of northern India having large pale to deep lilac-blue flowers
                 subtype:  vanilla.orchid  any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers
                    subtype:  vanilla_orchid__vanillaorchid__Vanilla_planifolia  climbing non-ornamental orchid bearing a podlike fruit yielding vanilla beans; widely cultivated from Florida southward throughout tropical America
              subtype:  cyclamen__Cyclamen_purpurascens  Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals
              subtype:  sowbread__Cyclamen_hederifolium__Cyclamen_neopolitanum  common wild European cyclamen with pink flowers
              subtype:  shortia  any plant of the genus Shortia; evergreen perennial herbs with smooth leathery basal leaves and showy white solitary flowers
                 subtype:  oconee_bells__Shortia_galacifolia  plant of southeastern United States having solitary white funnel-shaped flowers flushed with pink and large glossy green leaves that turn bronze-red in fall
              subtype:  centaury.flower  any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
                 subtype:  rosita__Centaurium_calycosum  erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States
                 subtype:  lesser_centaury__Centaurium_minus  common European glabrous annual centaury with flowers in dense cymes
                 subtype:  tufted_centaury__Centaurium_scilloides  tufted perennial of western Europe and Azores having bright pink to white flowers
                 subtype:  seaside_centaury__seasidecentaury  a variety of centaury found at the seaside
                 subtype:  broad_leaved_centaury  a variety of centaury with broad leaves
                 subtype:  slender_centaury__slendercentaury  a slender variety of centaury
              subtype:  gentian  any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
                 subtype:  gentianella__Gentiana_acaulis  low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers
                 subtype:  bottle_gentian__closed_gentian__blind_gentian__blindgentian__Gentiana_andrewsii  gentian of eastern North America having tubular blue or white flowers that open little if at all
                 subtype:  explorer's_gentian__Gentiana_calycosa  tufted sometimes sprawling perennial with blue flowers spotted with green; western North America
                 subtype:  closed_gentian__blind_gentian__blindgentian__Gentiana_clausa  similar to Gentiana andrewsii but with larger flowers
                 subtype:  great_yellow_gentian__Gentiana_lutea  robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers
                 subtype:  marsh_gentian__marshgentian__calathian_violet__calathianviolet__Gentiana_pneumonanthe  perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths
                 subtype:  soapwort_gentian__Gentiana_saponaria  erect perennial of wet woodlands of North America having leaves and flower buds resembling those of soapwort
                 subtype:  striped_gentian__stripedgentian__Gentiana_villosa  a perennial marsh gentian of eastern North America
                 subtype:  agueweed__ague_weed__five-flowered_gentian__stiff_gentian__stiffgentian__Gentianella_quinquefolia__Gentiana_quinquefolia  gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers
                 subtype:  felwort__gentianella_amarella__gentianellaamarella  gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas
                 subtype:  fringed_gentian__fringedgentian  any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana
                    subtype:  Gentianopsis_crinita__Gentiana_crinita  tall widely distributed fringed gentian of eastern North America having violet-blue or white fringed flowers
                    subtype:  Gentianopsis_detonsa__Gentiana_detonsa  medium-tall fringed gentian with pale-glue to blue-purple flowers; circumboreal in distribution
                    subtype:  Gentianopsid_procera__Gentiana_procera  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America
                    subtype:  Gentianopsis_thermalis__Gentiana_thermalis  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of western United States (Rocky Mountains) especially around hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
                    subtype:  tufted_gentian__Gentianopsis_holopetala__Gentiana_holopetala  small blue-flowered fringed gentian of Sierra Nevada mountains
                 subtype:  spurred_gentian  any of various plants of the genus Halenia having flowers with spurred lobes
              subtype:  begonia  any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes
                 subtype:  fibrous-rooted_begonia  any of numerous begonias having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots
                 subtype:  tuberous_begonia  any of numerous begonias having large tuberous roots
                    subtype:  hybrid_tuberous_begonia__Begonia_tuberhybrida  any of numerous hybrid begonias having tuberous roots and variously colored flowers
                 subtype:  rhizomatous_begonia__rhizomatousbegonia  any of numerous begonias having prominent shaggy creeping stems or rhizomes
                 subtype:  Christmas_begonia__blooming-fool_begonia__Begonia_cheimantha  hybrid winter-blooming begonia grown for its many large pink flowers
                 subtype:  angel-wing_begonia__Begonia_cocchinea  South American fibrous-rooted begonias having prominent basal leaf lobes suggesting angels' wings and racemes of coral-red flowers
                 subtype:  grape-leaf_begonia__maple-leaf_begonia__Begonia_dregei  tuberous or semi-tuberous South African begonia having shallowly lobed ovate leaves and small white flowers
                 subtype:  beefsteak_begonia__beefsteakbegonia__kidney_begonia__Begonia_erythrophylla__Begonia_feastii  rhizomatous begonia with roundish fleshy leaves reddish colored beneath
                 subtype:  star_begonia__star-leaf_begonia__Begonia_heracleifolia  rhizomatous begonia having leaves with pointed lobes suggestive of stars and pink flowers
                 subtype:  rex_begonia__rexbegonia__king_begonia__painted-leaf_begonia__beefsteak_geranium__beefsteakgeranium__Begonia_rex  any of numerous usually rhizomatous hybrid begonias derived from an East Indian plant having rough-textured leaves patterned in silver and bronze and purple and red-brown with inconspicuous flowers
                 subtype:  wax_begonia__waxbegonia__Begonia_semperflorens  hybrid fibrous-rooted begonia having broad-ovate green to bronze- or black-red leaves and small clusters of white or pink or red flowers; widely used as a bedding plant
                 subtype:  Socotra_begonia__Begonia_socotrana  semi-tuberous begonia having peltate leaves and rose-pink flowers; Yemen
              subtype:  wandflower__Sparaxis_tricolor  a showy often-cultivated plant with tawny yellow often purple-spotted flowers
              subtype:  coral_drops__coraldrop__Bessera_elegans  half-hardy Mexican herb cultivated for its drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white flowers
              subtype:  Christmas_bells  any of several plants of the genus Blandfordia having large orange or crimson flowers
              subtype:  bellwort__merry_bells__merrybell__wild_oats  any of various plants of the genus Uvularia having yellowish drooping bell-shaped flowers
                 subtype:  cornflower__strawflower__Uvularia_grandiflora  plant of southern and southeastern United States grown for its yellow flowers that can be dried
              subtype:  tuberose__Polianthes_tuberosa  a tuberous Mexican herb having grasslike leaves and cultivated for its spikes of highly fragrant lilylike waxy white flowers
              subtype:  commelina  any plant of the genus Commelina
              subtype:  scabious__scabiosa  any of various plants of the genus Scabiosa
                 subtype:  sweet_scabious__pincushion_flower__mournful_widow__Scabiosa_atropurpurea  Old World annual having fragrant purple to deep crimson flower heads; naturalized in United States
                 subtype:  field_scabious__Scabiosa_arvensis  perennial having bluish-lilac flowers; introduced in the eastern United States
              subtype:  woodland_star__Lithophragma_affine__Lithophragma_affinis__Tellima_affinis  California perennial herb cultivated for its racemose white flowers with widely spreading petals; sometimes placed in genus Tellima
              subtype:  achimenes__achimene__hot_water_plant__hotwaterplant  any plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxinias
              subtype:  lace-flower_vine__Alsobia_dianthiflora__Episcia_dianthiflora  low-growing creeping perennial of Central America having deeply fringed white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Episcia
              subtype:  African_violet__Saintpaulia_ionantha  tropical African plant cultivated as a houseplant for its violet or white or pink flowers
              subtype:  streptocarpus__streptocarpu  any of various plants of the genus Streptocarpus having leaves in a basal rosette and flowers like primroses
                 subtype:  Cape_primrose  any of various African plants of the genus Streptocarpus widely cultivated especially as houseplants for their showy blue or purple flowers
              subtype:  scorpionweed__scorpion_weed__phacelia  any plant of the genus Phacelia
                 subtype:  Phacelia_campanularia__California_bluebell  annual of southern California with intricately branched stems and lax cymes of aromatic deep blue bell-shaped flowers
                 subtype:  California_bluebell__whitlavia__Phacelia_minor__Phacelia_whitlavia  desert plant of southern California with blue or violet tubular flowers in terminal racemes
                 subtype:  fiddleneck__Phacelia_tanacetifolia  hairy annual of California to Mexico with crowded cymes of small blue to lilac or mauve flowers
              subtype:  snapdragon  a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum having showy white or yellow or crimson flowers resembling the face of a dragon
                 subtype:  white_snapdragon__whitesnapdragon__Antirrhinum_coulterianum  California plant with slender racemes of white flowers
                 subtype:  yellow_twining_snapdragon__Antirrhinum_filipes  southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation
                 subtype:  Mediterranean_snapdragon__Antirrhinum_majus  perennial native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated for its purple or pink flowers
              subtype:  calceolaria__slipperwort  any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip
              subtype:  gerardia  any plant of the genus Gerardia
              subtype:  toadflax__butter-and-eggs__wild_snapdragon__devil's_flax__devil'sflax__Linaria_vulgaris  common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America
                 subtype:  blue_toadflax__old-field_toadflax__oldfieldtoadflax__Linaria_canadensis  North American plant having racemes of blue-violet flowers
              subtype:  veronica__speedwell  any plant of the genus Veronica
                 subtype:  field_speedwell__fieldspeedwell__Veronica_agrestis  European plant with minute axillary blue flowers on long stalks; widely naturalized in America
                 subtype:  corn_speedwell__Veronica_arvensis  erect or procumbent blue-flowered annual found in waste places of Europe and America
                 subtype:  germander_speedwell__bird's_eye__Veronica_chamaedrys  Old World plant with axillary racemes of blue-and-white flowers
                 subtype:  common_speedwell__gypsyweed__veronicaofficinali  common hairy European perennial with pale blue or lilac flowers in axillary racemes
                 subtype:  purslane_speedwell__Veronica_peregrina  North American annual with small white flowers widely naturalized as a weed in South America and Europe
                 subtype:  thyme-leaved_speedwell__Veronica_serpyllifolia  perennial decumbent herb having small opposite leaves and racemes of blue flowers; throughout Eurasia and the New World
              subtype:  bush_violet__browallia  any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers
              subtype:  petunia  any of numerous tropical herbs having fluted funnel-shaped flowers
                 subtype:  large_white_petunia__largewhitepetunia__Petunia_axillaris  annual herb having large nocturnally fragrant buff-white flowers
                 subtype:  violet-flowered_petunia__Petunia_integrifolia  herb or small shrublet having solitary violet to rose-red flowers
                 subtype:  hybrid_petunia__Petunia_hybrida  hybrids of Petunia axillaris and Petunia integrifolia: a complex group of petunias having single or double flowers in colors from white to purple
              subtype:  butterfly_flower__butterflyflower__poor_man's_orchid__schizanthus__schizanthu  any plant of the genus Schizanthus having finely divided leaves and showy variegated flowers
              subtype:  verbena__vervain  any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers
              subtype:  valerian  a plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or ink flowers
                 subtype:  common_valerian__garden_heliotrope__Valeriana_officinalis  tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally
              subtype:  red_valerian__redvalerian__French_honeysuckle__Centranthus_ruber  European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers
           subtype:  wildflower__wild_flower  wild or uncultivated flowering plant
           subtype:  madderwort__rubiaceous_plant  any of numerous trees or shrubs or vines of the family Rubiaceae
              subtype:  Indian_madder__munjeet__Rubia_cordifolia  perennial East Indian creeping or climbing herb used for dye in the orient
              subtype:  madder__Rubia_tinctorum  Eurasian herb having small yellow flowers and red roots formerly an important source of the dye alizarin
     subtype:  herbaceous_plant__herb  a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests
        subtype:  barrenwort__bishop's_hat__Epimedium_grandiflorum  slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
        subtype:  mayapple__May_apple__wild_mandrake__Podophyllum_peltatum  North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit
        subtype:  buttercup__butterflower__crowfoot__goldcup__kingcup  any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
           subtype:  meadow_buttercup__tall_buttercup__tall_crowfoot__tall_field_buttercup__Ranunculus_acris  perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America
           subtype:  common_buttercup__Ranunculus_bulbosus  perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America
           subtype:  Mount_Cook_lily__mountain_lily__Ranunculus_lyalii  showy white-flowered perennial of New Zealand
           subtype:  western_buttercup__westernbuttercup__Ranunculus_occidentalis  perennial of western North America
           subtype:  creeping_buttercup__creeping_crowfoot__Ranunculus_repens  perennial European herb with long creeping stolons
           subtype:  cursed_crowfoot__celery-leaved_buttercup__Ranunculus_sceleratus  annual herb growing in marshy places
        subtype:  goldthread__golden_thread__Coptis_groenlandica__Coptis_trifolia_groenlandica  low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
        subtype:  winter_aconite__Eranthis_hyemalis  small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
        subtype:  hepatica__liverleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having 3-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions
        subtype:  goldenseal__golden_seal__yellow_root__turmeric_root__Hydrastis_Canadensis  perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves
        subtype:  false_rue_anemone__falserueanemone__false_rue__falserue__Isopyrum_biternatum  slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue
        subtype:  giant_buttercup__giantbuttercup__Laccopetalum_giganteum  spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus
        subtype:  false_bugbane__falsebugbane__Trautvetteria_carolinensis  tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers
        subtype:  globeflower__globe_flower__globeflower  any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers
        subtype:  leguminous_plant__legume  an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae
           subtype:  peanut_vine__peanut__Arachis_hypogaea  widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground
           subtype:  chickpea_plant__chickpea__Egyptian_pea__Cicer_arietinum  Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds
           subtype:  guar__cluster_bean__clusterbean__Cyamopsis_tetragonolobus__Cyamopsis_psoraloides  drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material
           subtype:  soya__soy__soybean__soya_bean__soybean_plant__soybeanplant__soja__soja_bean__Glycine_max__glycinemax  erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia
           subtype:  wild_pea  any of various plants of the family Leguminosae that usually grow like vines
              subtype:  singletary_pea__Caley_pea__rough_pea__roughpea__wild_winterpea__Lathyrus_hirsutus  week-stemmed winter annual native to Mediterranean region for long established in southern United States; cultivated as a cover and pasture crop
              subtype:  beach_pea__beachpea__sea_pea__Lathyrus_maritimus__Lathyrus_japonicus  wild pea of seashores of north temperate zone having tough roots and purple flowers and useful as a sand binder
              subtype:  marsh_pea__marshpea__Lathyrus_palustris  scrambling perennial of damp or marshy areas of Eurasia and North America with purplish flowers
              subtype:  common_vetchling__meadow_pea__yellow_vetchling__Lathyrus_pratensis  scrambling perennial Eurasian wild pea having yellowish flowers and compressed seed pods; cultivated for forage
              subtype:  pride_of_California__Lathyrus_splendens  shrubby California perennial having large pink or violet flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
              subtype:  Tangier_pea__Tangier_peavine__Lalthyrus_tingitanus  North African annual resembling the sweet pea having showy but odorless flowers
           subtype:  lentil_plant__lentil__Lens_culinaris  widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder
           subtype:  horse_gram__horsegram__horse_grain__horsegrain__poor_man's_pulse__Macrotyloma_uniflorum__Dolichos_biflorus  twining herb of Old World tropics cultivated in India for food and fodder; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
           subtype:  locoweed__crazyweed__crazy_weed__crazyweed  any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock
              subtype:  purple_locoweed__purple_loco__Oxytropis_lambertii  tufted locoweed of southwestern United States having purple or pink to white flowers
           subtype:  bean_plant__bean  any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods
              subtype:  carob_bean__carobbean__carob__algarroba_bean__algarrobabean__algarroba__locust_bean__locust_pod  long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
              subtype:  soyabean__soy__soybean  a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food
              subtype:  common_bean_plant__common_bean__Phaseolus_vulgaris  the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods
                 subtype:  frijol__kidney_bean__frijole  the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)
                 subtype:  green_bean.common_bean_plant__greenbean  a common bean plant cultivated for its slender green edible pods
                    subtype:  haricot  a French variety of green bean plant bearing light-colored beans
                 subtype:  wax_bean__waxbean  a common bean plant grown for its edible golden pod
              subtype:  Dutch_case-knife_bean__scarlet_runner__scarletrunner__scarlet_runner_bean__runner_bean__Phaseolus_coccineus__Phaseolus_multiflorus  tropical American high-climbing bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in G Britain
              subtype:  shell_bean_plant__shell_bean__shellbean  a bean plant grown primarily for its edible seed rather than its pod
                 subtype:  lima_bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_limensis  bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds
                 subtype:  sieva_bean__sievabean__butterbean__butter-bean_plant__lima_bean__Phaseolus_lunatus  bush bean plant cultivated especially in southern United States having small flat edible seeds
                 subtype:  tepary_bean__Phaseolus_acutifolius_latifolius  twining plant of southwestern United States and Mexico having roundish white or yellow or brown or black beans
                 subtype:  broadbean__broad_bean__broadbean__broad-bean_plant__English_bean__European_bean__field_bean__fieldbean__Vicia_faba  Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder
              subtype:  horsebean__broad_bean__broadbean__fava_bean  seed of the broad-bean plant
           subtype:  pea_plant__peaplant__pea  a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
              subtype:  garden_pea_plant__garden_pea__common_pea__Pisum_sativum  plant producing peas usually eaten fresh rather than dried
              subtype:  edible-pod_pea__edible-podded_pea__Pisum_sativum_macrocarpon  a variety of pea plant producing peas having soft thick edible pods lacking the fibrous inner lining of the common pea
                 subtype:  sugar_pea__sugarpea__snow_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having thin flat edible pods
                 subtype:  snap_pea__sugar_snap_pea  variety of pea plant producing peas having crisp rounded edible pods
              subtype:  field-pea_plant__field_pea__fieldpea__Austrian_winter_pea__Pisum_sativum_arvense__Pisum_arvense  variety of pea plant native to the Mediterranean region and North Africa and widely grown especially for forage
           subtype:  sesbania  any of various plants of the genus Sesbania having pinnate leaves and large showy pealike flowers
              subtype:  Colorado_River_hemp__Sesbania_exaltata  tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage
           subtype:  vetch  any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants
              subtype:  tare.vetch  any of several weedy vetches grown for forage
                 subtype:  hairy_vetch__hairy_tare__hairytare__Vicia_villosa  European vetch much cultivated as forage and cover crops
              subtype:  tufted_vetch__bird_vetch__Calnada_pea__Vicia_cracca  common perennial climber of temperate regions of Eurasia and North America having dense elongate clusters of flowers
              subtype:  bitter_betch__Vicia_orobus  European perennial toxic vetch
              subtype:  spring_vetch__Vicia_sativa  herbaceous climbing plant valuable as fodder and for soil-building
              subtype:  bush_vetch__Vicia_sepium  European purple-flowered with slender stems; occurs as a weed in hedges
           subtype:  moth_bean__Vigna_aconitifolia__Phaseolus_aconitifolius  East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods; used especially in India for food and forage and soil-conditioning; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
           subtype:  adzuki_bean__adsuki_bean__Vigna_angularis__Phaseolus_angularis  bushy annual widely grown in China and Japan for the flour made from its seeds
           subtype:  snailflower__snail_flower__snailflower__snail_bean__snailbean__corkscrew_flower__corkscrewflower__Vigna_caracalla__Phaseolus_caracalla__phaseoluscaracalla  perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
           subtype:  mung_bean__mung__green_gram__greengram__golden_gram__Vigna_radiata__Phaseolus_aureus  erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
           subtype:  cowpea_plant__cowpea__black-eyed_pea__Vigna_unguiculata__Vigna_sinensis  sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure
           subtype:  asparagus_bean__asparagusbean__yard-long_bean__Vigna_unguiculata_sesquipedalis__Vigna_sesquipedalis  South American bean having very long succulent pods
        subtype:  clover__trefoil  a plant of the genus Trifolium
           subtype:  alpine_clover__Trifolium_alpinum  European mountain clover with fragrant usually pink flowers
           subtype:  hop_clover__hopclover__shamrock__lesser_yellow_trefoil__Trifolium_dubium  clover native to Ireland with yellowish flowers; often considered the true or original shamrock
           subtype:  crimson_clover__crimsonclover__Italian_clover__Trifolium_incarnatum  southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage
           subtype:  red_clover__redclover__purpleclover__Trifolium_pratense  erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover
           subtype:  Trifolium_reflexum__buffalo_clover__buffaloclover  clover of western United States
           subtype:  white_clover__whiteclover__dutch_clover__dutchclover__shamrock__Trifolium_repens  creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage
           subtype:  buffalo_clover__buffaloclover__Trifolium_stoloniferum  clover of western United States
        subtype:  Madagascar_periwinkle__periwinkle__rose_periwinkle__old_maid__oldmaid__Cape_periwinkle__red_periwinkle__redperiwinkle__cayenne_jasmine__cayennejasmine__Catharanthus_roseus__Vinca_rosea  commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers
        subtype:  aroid__arum  any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
           subtype:  cuckoopint__lords-and-ladies__jack-in-the-pulpit__Arum_maculatum  common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum
           subtype:  black_calla__Arum_palaestinum  ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe
           subtype:  alocasia__elephant's_ear__elephant_ear  any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries
              subtype:  giant_taro__gianttaro__Alocasia_macrorrhiza  large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental
           subtype:  amorphophallus  any plant of the genus Amorphophallus
           subtype:  pungapung__telingo_potato__telingopotato__elephant_yam__Amorphophallus_paeonifolius__Amorphophallus_campanulatus  putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber
           subtype:  devil's_tongue__devil'stongue__snake_palm__snakepalm__umbrella_arum__Amorphophallus_rivieri  foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix
           subtype:  krubi__titan_arum__titanarum__Amorphophallus_titanum  malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet
           subtype:  jack-in-the-pulpit__Indian_turnip__wake-robin__Arisaema_triphyllum__Arisaema_atrorubens  common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries
           subtype:  green_dragon__greendragon__Arisaema_dracontium  early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix
           subtype:  friar's-cowl__friar'scowl__arisarumvulgare  tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores
           subtype:  caladium  any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red
              subtype:  Caladium_bicolor  most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century
           subtype:  taro_plant__taro__dalo__dasheen__Colocasia_esculenta  herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves
           subtype:  dumb_cane__mother-in-law_plant__mother-in-law's_tongue__Dieffenbachia_sequine  a evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name
           subtype:  dracontium  any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves
           subtype:  dragon_arum__green_dragon__greendragon__Dracunculus_vulgaris  European arum resembling the cuckoopint
           subtype:  nephthytis  any plant of the genus Nephthytis
              subtype:  Nephthytis_afzelii  tropical rhizomatous plant cultivated as an ornamental for its large sagittate leaves
           subtype:  yautia__tannia__spoonflower__malanga__Xanthosoma_sagittifolium__Xanthosoma_atrovirens  tropical American aroid having edible tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes
        subtype:  Panax_ginseng__ginseng__nin-sin__ninsin__Panax_schinseng__Panax_pseudoginseng  Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers
        subtype:  American_ginseng__sang__Panax_quinquefolius  North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng
        subtype:  wild_ginger  low-growing perennial herb with pungent gingery leaves and rhizomes
           subtype:  Canada_ginger__black_snakeroot__Asarum_canadense  deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States
           subtype:  Asarum_virginicum__heartleaf  evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-gray heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina
           subtype:  asarabacca__Asarum_europaeum  thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe
        subtype:  heartleaf__Asarum_shuttleworthii  wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama
        subtype:  caryophyllaceous_plant  a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae
        subtype:  mouse-ear_chickweed__mouseearchickweed__mouse_eared_chickweed__mouseearedchickweed__mouse_ear__mouseear__clammy_chickweed__chickweed  any of various plants related to the common chickweed
           subtype:  field_chickweed__fieldchickweed__field_mouse-ear__fieldmouseear__Cerastium_arvense  densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone
           subtype:  snow-in-summer__love-in-a-mist__Cerastium_tomentosum  chickweed with hairy silver-gray leaves and rather large white flowers
           subtype:  Alpine_mouse-ear__Arctic_mouse-ear__Cerastium_alpinum  widespread in Arctic and on mountains in Europe
        subtype:  drypis  spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers
        subtype:  coral_necklace__coralnecklace__Illecebrum_verticullatum  glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas
        subtype:  chickweed  any of various plants of the genus Stellaria
           subtype:  common_chickweed__Stellaria_media  a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens
           subtype:  greater_stitchwort__greaterstitchwort__stitchwort__starwort__Stellaria_holostea  low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side
        subtype:  New_Zealand_spinach__Tetragonia_tetragonioides__Tetragonia_expansa  coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves
        subtype:  amaranth  any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
           subtype:  Amaranthus_albus__tumbleweed__Amaranthus_graecizans  bushy plant of western United States
           subtype:  love-lies-bleeding__velvet_flower__tassel_flower__Amaranthus_caudatus  young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal
           subtype:  gentleman's-cane__gentleman'scane__prince's-feather__prince's-plume__red_amaranth__redamaranth__purple_amaranth__Amaranthus_cruentus__Amaranthus_hybridus_hypochondriacus__Amaranthus_hybridus_erythrostachys  tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal
           subtype:  pigweed__Amaranthus_hypochondriacus  leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China
        subtype:  thorny_amaranth__Amaranthus_spinosus  erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes
        subtype:  red_fox__Celosia_argentea  weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers
        subtype:  common_cockscomb__cockscomb__Celosia_cristata__Celosia_argentea_cristata  garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers
        subtype:  cottonweed  any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers
        subtype:  goosefoot  any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers
           subtype:  lamb's-quarters__pigweed__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_album  common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb
           subtype:  American_wormseed__Mexican_tea__Spanish_tea__wormseed__Chenopodium_ambrosioides  rank-smelling tropical American pigweed
           subtype:  good-king-henry__allgood__fat_hen__fathen__wild_spinach__Chenopodium_bonus-henricus  European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb
           subtype:  Jerusalem_oak__feather_geranium__feathergeranium__Mexican_tea__Chenopodium_botrys__Atriplex_mexicana  Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America
           subtype:  strawberry_blite__strawberry_pigweed__Indian_paint__Chenopodium_capitatum  European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America
           subtype:  oak-leaved_goosefoot__oakleaf_goosefoot__oakleafgoosefoot__Chenopodium_glaucum  annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white-hairy beneath; common as a weed in North America
           subtype:  sowbane__red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__Chenopodium_hybridum  herb considered fatal to swine
           subtype:  nettle-leaved_goosefoot__nettleleaf_goosefoot__Chenopodium_murale  European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada
           subtype:  red_goosefoot__redgoosefoot__French_spinach__Chenopodium_rubrum  common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States
           subtype:  stinking_goosefoot__Chenopodium_vulvaria  European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America
        subtype:  orach__orache  any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in deserts and salt marshes
           subtype:  garden_orache__mountain_spinach__Atriplex_hortensis  Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America
        subtype:  halogeton__Halogeton_glomeratus  a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content
        subtype:  Halogeton_souda__barilla  Algerian plant formerly burned to obtain calcium carbonate
        subtype:  samphire__glasswort__Salicornia_europaea  fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass
        subtype:  pokeweed  perennial of the genus Phytolacca
           subtype:  Indian_poke__Phytolacca_acinosa  pokeweed of southeastern Asia and China
           subtype:  pigeon_berry__poke__garget__scoke__Phytolacca_americana  tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous
           subtype:  ombu__bella_sombra__bellasombra__phytolaccadioica  fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves
        subtype:  purslane  a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas
           subtype:  common_purslane__pussley__pusly__verdolagas__Portulaca_oleracea  weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan
        subtype:  rock_purslane  a plant of the genus Calandrinia
        subtype:  Indian_lettuce  a plant of the genus Montia having edible pleasant-tasting leaves
           subtype:  broad-leaved_montia__Montia_cordifolia  succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America
           subtype:  blinks__blinking_chickweed__water_chickweed__Montia_lamprosperma  small Indian lettuce of northern regions
           subtype:  toad_lily__Montia_chamissoi  a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America
           subtype:  winter_purslane__miner's_lettuce__miner'slettuce__Cuban_spinach__Montia_perfoliata  succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America
        subtype:  spiderflower__cleome  any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers
           subtype:  spider_flower__spider_plant__Cleome_hassleriana  native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers
           subtype:  Rocky_Mountain_bee_plant__stinking_clover__Cleome_serrulata  plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
        subtype:  clammyweed__Polanisia_graveolens__Polanisia_dodecandra  strong-scented herb common in southern United States covered with intermixed gland and hairs
        subtype:  crucifer__cruciferous_plant__cruciferousplant  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
           subtype:  cress_plant__cress  any of various plants of the family Cruciferae having edible pungent-tasting leaves
              subtype:  watercress  any of several water-loving cresses
                 subtype:  American_watercress__mountain_watercress__Cardamine_rotundifolia  mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States
                 subtype:  common_watercress__Rorippa_nasturtium-aquaticum__Nasturtium_officinale  perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere
                 subtype:  marsh_cress__marshcres__yellow_watercress__Rorippa_islandica  annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities
                 subtype:  great_yellowcress__greatyellowcres__Rorippa_amphibia__Nasturtium_amphibium  perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium
              subtype:  Arabidopsis_thaliana__mouse-ear_cress__mouseearcres  a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
              subtype:  Arabidopsis_lyrata  a small non-invasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana
              subtype:  rock_cress__rockcress__rockcres  any of several rock-loving cresses of the genus Arabis
                 subtype:  Arabis_Canadensis__sicklepod  North American rock cress having very long curved pods
                 subtype:  Arabis_turrita__tower_cress__tower_mustard__towermustard  European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis
              subtype:  tower_mustard__towermustard__tower_cress__Turritis_glabra__Arabis_glabra  or genus Arabis: erect cress widely distributed throughout Europe
              subtype:  St._Barbara's_herb__winter_cress__scurvy_grass  any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad
                 subtype:  Belle_Isle_cress__early_winter_cress__land_cress__American_cress__American_watercress__Barbarea_verna__Barbarea_praecox  of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida
              subtype:  bittercress__bittercres__bittercres  any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic
                 subtype:  lady's_smock__cuckooflower__cuckoo_flower__meadow_cress__Cardamine_pratensis  a bitter cress of Europe and America
                 subtype:  coral-root_bittercress__coralroot__coralwort__cardaminebulbifera__Dentaria_bulbifera  European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock
                 subtype:  crinkleroot__pepperroot__toothwort__Cardamine_diphylla__Dentaria_diphylla  North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots
                 subtype:  spring_cress__Cardamine_bulbosa  small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America
                 subtype:  purple_cress__Cardamine_douglasii  small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers
              subtype:  common_scurvy_grass__scurvy_grass__Cochlearia_officinalis  a widely distributed arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C
              subtype:  common_garden_cress__garden_pepper_cress__pepper_grass__pepperwort__Lepidium_sativum  annual herb used as salad green and garnish
           subtype:  garlic_mustard__hedge_garlic__hedgegarlic__sauce-alone__saucealone__jack-by-the-hedge__Alliaria_officinalis  European herb that smells like garlic
           subtype:  alyssum__madwort  any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers
           subtype:  Anastatica_hierochuntica__rose_of_Jericho__resurrection_plant  small gray Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist
           subtype:  wild_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe
           subtype:  cultivated_cabbage__cabbage__Brassica_oleracea  any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers
              subtype:  head_cabbage_plant__head_cabbage__Brassica_oleracea_capitata  any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves
                 subtype:  savoy_cabbage__savoycabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of crinkled leaves
                 subtype:  red_cabbage.head_cabbage_plant__redcabbage  cabbage plant with a compact head of reddish purple leaves
           subtype:  brussels_sprout__Brassica_oleracea_gemmifera  plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages
           subtype:  Brassica_oleracea_botrytis__cauliflower  a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds
           subtype:  Brassica_oleracea_italica__broccoli  plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds
           subtype:  borecole__kale__kail__cole__colewort__Brassica_oleracea_acephala  a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head
              subtype:  collard  variety of kale having smooth leaves
           subtype:  kohlrabi__Brassica_oleracea_gongylodes  plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem
           subtype:  turnip_plant  any of several widely cultivated plants having edible roots
              subtype:  Brassica_rapa__turnip__white_turnip__whiteturnip  widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root
              subtype:  rutabaga_plant__rutabaga__turnip_cabbage__swede__Swedish_turnip__Brassica_napus_napobrassica  a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root
           subtype:  Brassica_rapa_ruvo__broccoli_raab__broccoli_rabe  plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots
           subtype:  mustard  any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica
              subtype:  chinese_mustard__chinesemustard__indian_mustard__leaf_mustard__gai_choi__gaichoi__Brassica_juncea  Asiatic mustard used as a potherb
              subtype:  black_mustard__blackmustard__Brassica_nigra  widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard
              subtype:  colza__rape__Brassica_napus  Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop
              subtype:  white_mustard__whitemustard__Brassica_hirta__Sinapis_alba  Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil
              subtype:  field_mustard__fieldmustard__wild_mustard__charlock__chadlock__Brassica_kaber__Sinapis_arvensis  weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields
           subtype:  Chinese_cabbage__celery_cabbage__napa__pe-tsai__Brassica_rapa_pekinensis  plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia
           subtype:  pakchoi__bok_choy__bokchoy__bok_choi__bokchoi__Chinese_white_cabbage__Brassica_rapa_chinensis  Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves
           subtype:  tendergreen__spinach_mustard__spinachmustard__Brassica_perviridis__Brassica_rapa_perviridis  Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage
           subtype:  gold_of_pleasure__Camelina_sativa  annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America
           subtype:  shepherd's_purse__shepherd's_pouch__Capsella_bursa-pastoris  white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed
           subtype:  radish_plant  a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root
              subtype:  Raphanus_sativus__radish  Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its edible pungent root usually eaten raw
              subtype:  daikon__Japanese_radish__Raphanus_sativus_longipinnatus  radish of Japan with a long hard durable root eaten raw or cooked
           subtype:  malheur_wire_lettuce__Stephanomeria_malheurensis  a small plant of Oregon resembling mustard; a threatened species
        subtype:  stonecress__stone_cress__stonecres  any Old World herb of the genus Aethionema; native of sunny limestone habitats
        subtype:  horse_radish__horseradish__red_cole__redcole__Armoracia_rusticana  coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
        subtype:  hoary_alison__hoaryalison__hoary_alyssum__hoaryalyssum__Berteroa_incana  tall European annual with downy gray-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed
        subtype:  sea-rocket__searocket__Cakile_maritima  salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy gray-green foliage
        subtype:  sea_kale__seakale__sea_cole__seacole__Crambe_maritima  perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs
        subtype:  tansy_mustard__Descurainia_pinnata  North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy
        subtype:  wall_rocket__Diplotaxis_muralis__Diplotaxis_tenuifolia  yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America
        subtype:  white_rocket__whiterocket__Diplotaxis_erucoides  from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe
        subtype:  draba  any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique
           subtype:  whitlow_grass__whitlowgras__Draba_verna  annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules
        subtype:  garden_rocket__rocket__roquette__rocket_salad__arugula__erucasativa__erucavesicariasativa  erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
        subtype:  tansy-leaved_rocket__Hugueninia_tanacetifolia__Sisymbrium_tanacetifolia  perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
        subtype:  woad  any of several herbs of the genus Isatis
           subtype:  dyer's_woad__Isatis_tinctoria  European biennial formerly grown for the blue coloring matter yielded by its leaves
        subtype:  bladderpod  any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods
        subtype:  honesty__silverdollar__money_plant__moneyplant__satin_flower__satinflower__satinpod__Lunaria_annua  southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration
        subtype:  Physaria_bladderpod__bladderpod  any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods
        subtype:  chamois_cress__chamoiscres__Pritzelago_alpina__Lepidium_alpina  small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium
        subtype:  hedge_mustard__hedgemustard__Sisymbrium_officinale  stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally
        subtype:  fringepod__lacepod  annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles
        subtype:  bladderpod.herbaceous_plant  annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella
        subtype:  prickly_poppy__pricklypoppy__argemone__white_thistle__whitethistle__devil's_fig__devil'sfig  any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America
           subtype:  Mexican_poppy__Argemone_mexicana  annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico
        subtype:  bloodroot__puccoon__redroot__tetterwort__Sanguinaria_canadensis  perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leave and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant
        subtype:  fumitory__fumewort__fumeroot__Fumaria_officinalis  delicate European herb with grayish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally
        subtype:  bleeding_heart__lyreflower__Dicentra_spectabilis  garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers
        subtype:  Dutchman's_breeches__Dicentra_cucullaria  delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having double-spurred white flowers
        subtype:  squirrel_corn__Dicentra_canadensis  American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn
        subtype:  achillea  any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads
           subtype:  yarrow__milfoil__Achillea_millefolium  ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America
           subtype:  sneezeweed_yarrow__sneezewort__Achillea_ptarmica  Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long gray-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered
        subtype:  white_snakeroot__whitesnakeroot__white_sanicle__whitesanicle__Ageratina_altissima__Eupatorium_rugosum  American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
        subtype:  pellitory-of-Spain__pellitory__Anacyclus_pyrethrum  small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache
        subtype:  andryala  any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers
        subtype:  ladies'_tobacco__ladies'tobacco__lady's_tobacco__Antennaria_plantaginifolia  North American perennial propagated by means of runners
        subtype:  cat's_foot__cat'sfoot__cat's_feet__cat'sfeet__pussytoes__pussytoe__Antennaria_dioica  low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers
           subtype:  plantain-leaved_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
           subtype:  field_pussytoes__fieldpussytoe  a variety of pussytoes
           subtype:  solitary_pussytoes  a variety of pussytoes
           subtype:  mountain_everlasting  a variety of cat's foot
        subtype:  arnica.herbaceous_plant  any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
        subtype:  lamb_succory__dwarf_nipplewort__dwarfnipplewort__Arnoseris_minima  small European herb with small yellow flowers
        subtype:  ayapana__Ayapana_triplinervis__Eupatorium_aya-pana  low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
        subtype:  balsamroot  a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having white-downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots
        subtype:  Indian_plantain  any of various plants of the genus Cacalia having leaves resembling those of plantain
        subtype:  safflower__false_saffron__falsesaffron__Carthamus_tinctorius  thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil
        subtype:  chamomile__camomile__Chamaemelum_nobilis__Anthemis_nobilis  Eurasian plant apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
        subtype:  chaenactis  any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers
        subtype:  chicory_plant__chicory__Cichorium_intybus  perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads
        subtype:  endive__witloof__Cichorium_endivia  widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched
        subtype:  coreopsis__coreopsi__tickseed__tickweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America
           subtype:  giant_coreopsis__giantcoreopsi__Coreopsis_gigantea  large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California
           subtype:  sea_dahlia__seadahlia__Coreopsis_maritima  stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
           subtype:  calliopsis__Coreopsis_tinctoria  North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis
        subtype:  leopard's-bane__leopard'sbane__leopardbane  any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads
        subtype:  globe_thistle__globethistle  any of various plants of the genus Echinops having prickly leaves and dense globose heads of bluish flowers
        subtype:  elephant's-foot  any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America
        subtype:  Emilia_coccinea__tassel_flower__Emilia_javanica__Emilia_flammea__Cacalia_javanica__Cacalia_lutea  tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia
        subtype:  tassel_flower__Emilia_sagitta  tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers
        subtype:  hemp_agrimony__Eupatorium_cannabinum  coarse European herb with palmately-divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads
        subtype:  dog_fennel__dogfennel__Eupatorium_capillifolium  weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers
        subtype:  spotted_Joe-Pye_weed__Joe-Pye_weed__Eupatorium_maculatum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads
        subtype:  boneset__agueweed__thoroughwort__Eupatorium_perfoliatum  perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine
        subtype:  Joe-Pye_weed__purple_boneset__trumpet_weed__trumpetweed__marsh_milkweed__marshmilkweed__Eupatorium_purpureum  North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple
        subtype:  gumweed__gum_plant__gumplant__tarweed__rosinweed  any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock
           subtype:  Grindelia_robusta  perennial gumweed of California and Baja California
           subtype:  curlycup_gumweed__Grindelia_squarrosa  perennial gumweed of western and central North America
        subtype:  Haastia_pulvinaris__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__sheep_plant__sheepplant  cushion-forming New Zealand herb having leaves densely covered with tawny hairs
        subtype:  sneezeweed  any of various plants of the genus Helenium characteristically causing sneezing
           subtype:  autumn_sneezeweed__Helenium_autumnale  North American perennial with bright yellow late summer flowers flowers
           subtype:  orange_sneezeweed__owlclaws__Helenium_hoopesii  stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep
           subtype:  rosilla__Helenium_puberulum  a sneezeweed of southwestern United States especially southern California
        subtype:  hawkweed  any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion
           subtype:  rattlesnake_weed__rattlesnakeweed__hieraciumvenosum  a hawkweed with a rosette of purple-veined basal leaves; Canada to northern Georgia and Kentucky
           subtype:  mouse-ear_hawkweed__mouseearhawkweed__Pilosella_officinarum__Hieracium_pilocella  European hawkweed having soft hairy leaves; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
        subtype:  alpine_coltsfoot__Homogyne_alpina__Tussilago_alpina  rhizomatous herb with purple-red flowers suitable for groundcover; sometimes placed in genus Tussilago
        subtype:  inula  any plant of the genus Inula
           subtype:  elecampane__Inula_helenium  tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally
        subtype:  krigia  any small branched yellow-flowered North American herb of the genus Krigia
           subtype:  dwarf_dandelion__dwarfdandelion__Krigia_dandelion__Krigia_bulbosa  small yellow-flowered herb resembling dandelions of central and southeastern United States
        subtype:  lettuce.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
           subtype:  garden_lettuce__common_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa  annual or perennial garden plant having succulent leaves used in salads; widely grown
           subtype:  cos_lettuce__coslettuce__romaine_lettuce__romainelettuce__Lactuca_sativa_longifolia  lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves
           subtype:  head_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_capitata  distinguished by leaves arranged in a dense rosette that develop into a compact ball
           subtype:  leaf_lettuce__Lactuca_sativa_crispa  distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head
           subtype:  stem_lettuce__celtuce__Lactuca_sativa_asparagina  lettuce valued especially for its edible stems
        subtype:  leopard_plant__leopardplant  any of various plants of temperate Eurasia; grown for their yellow flowers and handsome foliage
        subtype:  tarweed  any of various resinous glandular plants of the genus Madia; of western North and South America
           subtype:  melosa__Chile_tarweed__madia_oil_plant__madiaoilplant__Madia_sativa  South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil
        subtype:  sweet_false_chamomile__sweetfalsechamomile__wild_chamomile__German_chamomile__Matricaria_recutita__Matricaria_chamomilla  annual Eurasian herb similar in fragrance and medicinal uses to chamomile though taste is more bitter and effect is considered inferior
        subtype:  pineapple_weed__pineappleweed__rayless_chamomile__raylesschamomile__Matricaria_matricarioides  annual aromatic weed of Pacific coastal areas (United States; northeastern Asia) having bristle-pointed leaves and rayless yellow flowers
        subtype:  rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  a plant of the genus Nabalus
           subtype:  white_lettuce__whitelettuce__cankerweed__Nabalus_alba__Prenanthes_alba  herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
        subtype:  lion's_foot__gall_of_the_earth__Nabalus_serpentarius__Prenanthes_serpentaria  common perennial herb widely distributed in the southern and eastern United States having drooping clusters of pinkish flowers and thick basal leaves suggesting a lion's foot in shape; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
        subtype:  butterweed  any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packer; often placed in genus Senecio
        subtype:  golden_groundsel__golden_ragwort__Packera_aurea__Senecio_aureus  weedy herb of the eastern United States to Texas having golden-yellow flowers; sometimes becomes invasive; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
        subtype:  butterbur__bog_rhubarb__bogrhubarb__Petasites_hybridus__Petasites_vulgaris  small Eurasian herb having broad leaves and lilac-pink rayless flowers; found in moist areas
        subtype:  winter_heliotrope__sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_fragrans  European herb with vanilla-scented white-pink flowers
        subtype:  sweet_coltsfoot__sweetcoltsfoot__Petasites_sagitattus  American sweet-scented herb
        subtype:  hawkweed.herbaceous_plant  any of various plants of the genus Pilosella
        subtype:  stevia  any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia
        subtype:  Prenanthes_purpurea__rattlesnake_root__rattlesnakeroot  herb of central and southern Europe having purple florets
        subtype:  pteropogon__Pteropogon_humboltianum  southern Australian plant having feathery hairs surrounding the fruit
        subtype:  feabane_mullet__feabanemullet__fleabane__Pulicaria_dysenterica  hairy perennial Eurasian herb with yellow daisylike flowers reputed to destroy or drive away fleas
        subtype:  sheep_plant__sheepplant__vegetable_sheep__vegetablesheep__Raoulia_lutescens__Raoulia_australis  perennial prostrate mat-forming herb with hoary woolly foliage
        subtype:  creeping_zinnia__Sanvitalia_procumbens  low-branching leafy annual with flower heads resembling zinnias; found in southwestern United States and Mexico to Guatemala
        subtype:  costusroot__Saussurea_costus__Saussurea_lappa  annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs
        subtype:  viper's_grass__viper'sgras__black_salsify__blacksalsify__scorzonera__Scorzonera_hispanica  perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black-skinned carrot-shaped edible roots
        subtype:  sawwort__Serratula_tinctoria  European perennial whose serrate leaves yield a yellow dye
        subtype:  milk_thistle__lady's_thistle__Our_Lady's_mild_thistle__holy_thistle__blessed_thistle__Silybum_marianum  tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America
        subtype:  stevia.herbaceous_plant  any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America
        subtype:  alecost__costmary__bible_leaf__bibleleaf__mint_geranium__balsam_herb__Tanacetum_balsamita__Chrysanthemum_balsamita  tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
        subtype:  camphor_dune_tansy__Tanacetum_camphoratum  densely hairy plant with rayless flowers; San Francisco Bay area
        subtype:  Dalmatian_pyrethrum__pyrethrum__Dalmatia_pyrethrum__Tanacetum_cinerariifolium__Chrysanthemum_cinerariifolium  white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
        subtype:  feverfew__Tanacetum_parthenium__Chrysanthemum_parthenium  bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
        subtype:  dandelion__blowball  any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
           subtype:  common_dandelion__Taraxacum_ruderalia__Taraxacum_officinale  Eurasian plant widely naturalized as a weed in North America; used as salad greens and to make wine
           subtype:  Russian_dandelion__kok-saghyz__koksaghyz__kok-sagyz__koksagyz__Taraxacum_kok-saghyz  perennial dandelion native to Kazakh Republic of Russia cultivated for its fleshy roots which have high rubber content
        subtype:  Tragopogon_porrifolius__salsify__oysterplant__vegetable_oyster__vegetableoyster  Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States
        subtype:  wild_vanilla__Trilisa_odoratissima  perennial of southeastern United States with leaves having the fragrance of vanilla
        subtype:  scentless_camomile__scentlesscamomile__scentless_false_camomile__scentlessfalsecamomile__scentless_mayweed__scentless_hayweed__scentlesshayweed__corn_mayweed__Tripleurospermum_inodorum__Matricaria_inodorum  ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
        subtype:  Tripleurospermum_oreades_tchihatchewii__turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Matricaria_oreades  mat-forming perennial herb of Asia Minor; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
        subtype:  turfing_daisy__turfingdaisy__Tripleurospermum_tchihatchewii__Matricaria_tchihatchewii  low densely tufted perennial herb of Turkey having small white flowers; used as a ground cover in dry places; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
        subtype:  coltsfoot__Tussilago_farfara  perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly
        subtype:  ironweed__vernonia  any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue
        subtype:  loasa  any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers
        subtype:  campanula__bellflower  any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
           subtype:  harebell__bluebell__Campanula_rotundifolia  perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers
           subtype:  creeping_bellflower__Campanula_rapunculoides  erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers
           subtype:  cup_and_saucer__cupandsaucer__Canterbury_bell__Campanula_medium  European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers
           subtype:  southern_harebell__Campanula_divaricata  bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers
           subtype:  tall_bellflower__Campanula_americana  annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers
           subtype:  marsh_bellflower__marshbellflower__Campanula_aparinoides  bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers
           subtype:  clustered_bellflower__clusteredbellflower__Campanula_glomerata  bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers
           subtype:  peach_bells__peachbell__peachbell__willowbell__Campanula_persicifolia  perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers
           subtype:  chimney_plant__chimneyplant__chimney_bellflower__chimneybellflower__campanulapyramidali  bellflower of southeastern Europe
           subtype:  rampion_bellflower__rampionbellflower__rampion__campanularapunculu  bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad
           subtype:  throatwort__nettle-leaved_bellflower__Campanula_trachelium  European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat
           subtype:  tussock_bellflower__tussockbellflower__spreading_bellflower__spreadingbellflower__Campanula_carpatica  European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers
        subtype:  primrose__primula  any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads
           subtype:  English_primrose__Primula_vulgaris  plant of western and southern Europe widely cultivated for its pale yellow flowers
           subtype:  cowslip__paigle__Primula_veris  early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers
           subtype:  oxlip__paigle__Primula_elatior  Eurasian primrose with yellow flowers clustered in a one-sided umbel
           subtype:  Chinese_primrose__Primula_sinensis  cultivated Asiatic primrose
           subtype:  Primula_auricula__auricula__bear's_ear  yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated
           subtype:  polyanthus__Primula_polyantha  florists' primroses; considered a complex hybrid derived from oxlip, cowslip, and common primrose
        subtype:  pimpernel  any of several plants of the genus Anagallis
           subtype:  scarlet_pimpernel__scarletpimpernel__red_pimpernel__redpimpernel__poor_man's_weatherglass__Anagallis_arvensis  herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather
           subtype:  bog_pimpernel__bogpimpernel__Anagallis_tenella  small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers
        subtype:  sea_milkwort__seamilkwort__sea_trifoly__seatrifoly__black_saltwort__blacksaltwort__Glaux_maritima  a small fleshy herb common along North American seashores and in brackish marshes having pink or white flowers
        subtype:  loosestrife  any of various herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lysimachia
           subtype:  gooseneck_loosestrife__gooseneckloosestrife__Lysimachia_clethroides_Duby  a variety of the loosestrife herb
           subtype:  yellow_pimpernel__Lysimachia_nemorum  trailing European evergreen with yellow flowers
           subtype:  fringed_loosestrife__fringedloosestrife__Lysimachia_ciliatum  of North America
           subtype:  moneywort__creepingjenny__creeping_Charlie__Lysimachia_nummularia  a loosestrife vine
           subtype:  yellow_loosestrife__garden_loosestrife__Lysimachia_vulgaris  frequently considered a weed; Europe and Asia
           subtype:  swamp_candles__swampcandle__lysimachiaterrestri  North American plant with spikes of yellow flowers, found in wet places
           subtype:  whorled_loosestrife__whorledloosestrife__Lysimachia_quadrifolia  common North American yellow-flowered plant
        subtype:  plumbago  any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago
        subtype:  gramineous_plant__graminaceous_plant  cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and narrow long-bladed leaves
           subtype:  grass__gras  narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
              subtype:  beach_grass__beachgras  tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores
              subtype:  bunchgrass__bunch_grass__bunchgras  any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States
              subtype:  midgrass  any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone
              subtype:  shortgrass  any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains
              subtype:  sword_grass__swordgras  any of various grasses or sedges having sword-shaped leaves with sharp edges
              subtype:  tallgrass__tallgras  any of various grasses that are tall and that flourish with abundant moisture
              subtype:  goat_grass__Aegilops_triuncalis  European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
              subtype:  wheatgrass  a grass of the genus Agropyron
                 subtype:  crested_wheatgrass__crested_wheat_grass__crestedwheatgras__fairwaycrestedwheatgras__Agropyron_cristatum  Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control
                 subtype:  dog_grass__doggras__couch_grass__couchgras__quackgrass__quack_grass__quackgras__quickgras__witch_grass__witchgrass__Agropyron_repens  European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed
                 subtype:  bearded_wheatgrass__Agropyron_subsecundum  a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes
                 subtype:  western_wheatgrass__bluestem_wheatgrass__Agropyron_smithii  valuable forage grass of western United States
                 subtype:  intermediate_wheatgrass__Agropyron_intermedium__Elymus_hispidus  Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder
                 subtype:  slender_wheatgrass__Agropyron_trachycaulum__Agropyron_pauciflorum__Elymus_trachycaulos  North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop
              subtype:  bent_grass__bent__bentgrass__bentgras  grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
                 subtype:  velvet_bent_grass__velvet_bent__brown_bent__brownbent__Rhode_Island_bent__dog_bent__dogbent__Agrostis_canina  common grass with slender stems and narrow leaves
                 subtype:  cloud_grass__cloudgras__Agrostis_nebulosa  Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets
                 subtype:  creeping_bent__creeping_bentgrass__Agrostis_palustris  common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners
              subtype:  broom_grass__broomgras  any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
                 subtype:  broom_sedge__broomsedge__Andropogon_virginicus  tall tufted grass of southeastern United States
                 subtype:  broom_beard_grass__broombeardgras__prairiegras__wiregras__andropogonscopariu__Schizachyrium_scoparium  handsome hardy North American grass with foliage turning pale bronze in autumn
              subtype:  tall_oat_grass__tall_meadow_grass__evergreen_grass__evergreengras__false_oat__falseoat__French_rye__Arrhenatherum_elatius  coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
              subtype:  brome__bromegrass  any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
                 subtype:  awnless_bromegrass__Bromus_inermis  drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia
                 subtype:  chess__ches__Bromus_secalinus  weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
                 subtype:  downy_brome__downybrome__downy_bromegrass__downy_cheat__downycheat__downy_chess__downyches__cheatgrass__drooping_brome__Bromus_tectorum  annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean
                 subtype:  field_brome__fieldbrome__Bromus_arvensis  annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia
                 subtype:  Japanese_brome__Japanese_chess__Bromus_japonicus  grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia
              subtype:  grama_grass__gramagras__grama__gramma__gramma_grass  pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America
                 subtype:  blue_grama__Bouteloua_gracilis  of western North America
                 subtype:  black_grama__Bouteloua_eriopoda  especially of western coastal regions of North America
              subtype:  buffalo_grass__buffalogras__Buchloe_dactyloides  short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
              subtype:  reed_grass  any of various tall perennial grasses of the genus Calamagrostis having feathery plumes; natives of marshland fens and wet woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
                 subtype:  feather_reed_grass__feathertop__Calamagrostis_acutiflora  a variety of reed grass
                 subtype:  Australian_reed_grass__Calamagrostic_quadriseta  tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay
              subtype:  burgrass__bur_grass__burgras  a grass of the genus Cenchrus
                 subtype:  buffel_grass__Cenchrus_ciliaris__Pennisetum_cenchroides  erect tussock-forming perennial bur grass used in especially in South Africa and Australia for pasture and forage
              subtype:  field_sandbur__fieldsandbur__sandbur__Cenchrus_tribuloides  grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
              subtype:  finger_grass  any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils
                 subtype:  Rhodes_grass__Chloris_gayana  perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions
                 subtype:  creeping_windmill_grass__windmill_grass__star_grass__Chloris_truncata  perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill
              subtype:  pampas_grass__Cortaderia_selloana  tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
              subtype:  plumed_tussock__toe_toe__toetoe__Cortaderia_richardii__Arundo_richardii  tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads
              subtype:  Bermuda_grass__devil_grass__Bahama_grass__kweek__scutch_grass__star_grass__Cynodon_dactylon  trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
              subtype:  giant_star_grass__Cynodon_plectostachyum  perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
              subtype:  orchard_grass__orchardgras__cocksfoot__cockspur__Dactylis_glomerata  widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass
              subtype:  crabgrass__crabgras__crabgras__fingergras  grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
                 subtype:  Egyptian_grass__crowfoot_grass__Dactyloctenium_aegypticum  a creeping grass with spikes like fingers
                 subtype:  smooth_crabgrass__Digitaria_ischaemum  a weed
                 subtype:  large_crabgrass__largecrabgras__hairy_finger_grass__Digitaria_sanguinalis  a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States
              subtype:  lyme_grass  a grass of the genus Elymus
                 subtype:  giant_ryegrass__Elymus_condensatus__Leymus_condensatus  stout perennial grass of western North America
                 subtype:  sea_lyme_grass__European_dune_grass__Elymus_arenarius__Leymus_arenaria  a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder
              subtype:  wild_rye  any of several grasses of the genus Elymus
                 subtype:  Canada_wild_rye__Elymus_canadensis  North American wild rye
                 subtype:  Elymus_caput-medusae__medusa's_head  weedy rye grass having long bristling awns
              subtype:  love_grass__bay_grass__baygras  any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; useful especially for forage and prevention of erosion
                 subtype:  teff_grass__teff__Eragrostis_tef__Eragrostic_abyssinica  an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flower of good quality) as well as for forage and hay
                 subtype:  weeping_love_grass__African_love_grass__Eragrostis_curvula  perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control
              subtype:  plume_grass__plumegras  a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes
                 subtype:  Ravenna_grass__wool_grass__Erianthus_ravennae  grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
              subtype:  meadow_fescue__fescue__fescue_grass__Festuca_elatior  grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
              subtype:  sheep_fescue__sheepfescue__sheep's_fescue__sheep'sfescue__Festuca_ovina  cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
              subtype:  silver_grass  of Australia and New Zealand
              subtype:  velvet_grass__Yorkshire_fog__Holcus_lanatus  tall European perennial grass having a velvety stem; naturalized in United States and used for forage
              subtype:  creeping_soft_grass__Holcus_mollis  European perennial grass with soft velvety foliage
              subtype:  rye_grass__ryegras__ryegrass  any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses
                 subtype:  perennial_ryegrass__English_ryegrass__Lolium_perenne  European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass
                 subtype:  Italian_ryegrass__Italian_rye__Lolium_multiflorum  European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure
                 subtype:  bearded_darnel__beardeddarnel__darnel__tare__cheat__Lolium_temulentum  weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous
              subtype:  nimblewill__nimble_Will__Muhlenbergia_schreberi  slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States
              subtype:  dallisgrass__dallisgras__dallisgras__Paspalum_dilatatum  tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States
              subtype:  Bahia_grass__Paspalum_notatum  perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of Gulf states
              subtype:  knotgrass__knotgras__paspalumdistichum  low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems
              subtype:  fountain_grass__Pennisetum_ruppelii__Pennisetum_setaceum  tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia
              subtype:  feathertop_grass__feathertop__Pennistum_villosum  northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles
              subtype:  reed_canary_grass__gardener's_garters__lady's_laces__ribbon_grass__Phalaris_arundinacea  perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America
              subtype:  canary_grass__birdseed_grass__Phalaris_canariensis  Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds
              subtype:  hardinggrass__Harding_grass__toowomba_canary_grass__Phalaris_aquatica__Phalaris_tuberosa  perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass
              subtype:  herd's_grass__timothy__Phleum_pratense  grass with long cylindrical spikes frown in northern United States and Europe for hay
              subtype:  blue_grass__bluegrass__bluegras  any of various grasses of the genus Poa
                 subtype:  Kentucky_bluegrass__Kentucky_blue__Kentucy_blue_grass__June_grass__Poa_pratensis  valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures
              subtype:  meadowgrass__meadow_grass  any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture
                 subtype:  foxtail__foxtail_grass__foxtailgras  grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes
                    subtype:  meadow_foxtail__Alopecurus_pratensis  stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
                    subtype:  bristlegrass__bristle_grass__bristlegras  grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
                    subtype:  giant_foxtail__giantfoxtail  two species of coarse annual foxtails that are naturalized weeds in United States
                    subtype:  yellow_bristlegrass__yellow_bristle_grass__yellow_foxtail__glaucous_bristlegrass__Setaria_glauca  common weedy and bristly grass found in nearly all temperate areas
                    subtype:  green_bristlegrass__green_foxtail__greenfoxtail__rough_bristlegrass__bottlegrass__bottlegras__bottlegras__setariaviridi  European foxtail naturalized in North America; often a troublesome weed
                    subtype:  foxtail_millet__foxtailmillet__Italian_millet__Hungarian_grass__Setaria_italica  coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States
                       subtype:  Siberian_millet__Setaria_italica_rubrofructa  millet having orange to reddish grains in long bristly spikes
                       subtype:  German_millet__golden_wonder_millet__Setaria_italica_stramineofructa  millet having yellow grains in large drooping spikes
                 subtype:  manna_grass__mannagras__sweet_grass__sweetgras  any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor
                    subtype:  reed_meadow_grass__Glyceria_grandis  a pasture grass of moist places throughout North America
                 subtype:  wood_meadowgrass__Poa_nemoralis__Agrostis_alba  slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia
              subtype:  munj__munja__Saccharum_bengalense__Saccharum_munja  tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets
              subtype:  bluestem__blue_stem__Andropogon_furcatus__Andropogon_gerardii  tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States
              subtype:  cordgrass__cordgras__cordgras  any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
                 subtype:  salt_reed_grass__Spartina_cynosuroides  tall reedlike grass common in salt meadows
                 subtype:  prairie_cordgrass__prairiecordgras__freshwater_cordgrass__slough_grass__Spartina_pectinmata  North American cordgrass having leaves with dry membranous margins and glumes with long awns
              subtype:  dropseed  a grass of the genus Sporobolus
                 subtype:  smut_grass__blackseed__carpet_grass__Sporobolus_poiretii  grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus
                 subtype:  sand_dropseed__Sporobolus_cryptandrus  erect smooth grass of sandy places in eastern North America
              subtype:  rushgrass__rushgras  grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles
              subtype:  St._Augustine_grass__Stenotaphrum_secundatum__buffalo_grass__buffalogras  low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass
              subtype:  cereal_grass__cereal  grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet
                 subtype:  oat  annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')
                    subtype:  cereal_oat__Avena_sativa  widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains
                    subtype:  wild_oat_grass__wild_oat__Avena_fatua  common in meadows and pastures
                    subtype:  slender_wild_oat__Avena_barbata  oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia
                    subtype:  wild_red_oat__animated_oat__Avene_sterilis  Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat
                 subtype:  barley  cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
                    subtype:  common_barley__Hordeum_vulgare  grass yielding grain used for for breakfast food, animal feed and in malt beverages
                    subtype:  barley_grass__wall_barley__Hordeum_murinum  European annual grass often found as a weed in waste ground especially along roadsides and hedgerows
                    subtype:  squirreltail_barley__foxtail_barley__foxtailbarley__squirreltail_grass__Hordeum_jubatum  barley grown for its highly ornamental flower heads with delicate long silky awns; North America and northeastern Asia
                    subtype:  little_barley__Hordeum_pusillum  annual barley native to western North America and widespread in southern United States and tropical America
                 subtype:  rice.cereal_grass  annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper
                    subtype:  cultivated_rice__Oryza_sativa  yields the staple food of 50 percent of world's population
                 subtype:  ricegrass__ricegras__ricegras  any grass of the genus Oryzopsis
                    subtype:  mountain_rice__silkgrass__silkgras__silkgras__indianmillet__Oryzopsis_hymenoides  valuable forage grass of dry upland areas and plains of western North America to northern Mexico
                    subtype:  smilo_grass__smilogras__smilo__Oryzopsis_miliacea  perennial mountain rice native to Mediterranean region and introduced into North America
                 subtype:  pearl_millet__pearlmillet__bulrush_millet__bulrushmillet__cattail_millet__cattailmillet__Pennisetum_glaucum__Pennisetum_Americanum  tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer
                 subtype:  Secale_cereale__rye  hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement
                 subtype:  millet  any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
                    subtype:  barnyard_grass__barn_grass__barn_millet__Echinochloa_crusgalli  a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
                    subtype:  Japanese_millet__billion-dollar_grass__Japanese_barnyard_millet__sanwa_millet__sanwamillet__Echinochloa_frumentacea  coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States
                    subtype:  yardgrass__yardgras__yardgras__wiregras__goosegras__Eleusine_indica  coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
                    subtype:  finger_millet__ragi__ragee__African_millet__coracan__corakan__kurakkan__Eleusine_coracana  East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
                    subtype:  panic_grass__panicgras  any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder
                       subtype:  old_witchgrass__witchgrass__witch_grass__old_witch_grass__oldwitchgras__tumblegras__panicumcapillare  North American grass with slender brushy panicles; often a weed on cultivated land
                       subtype:  switch_grass__Panicum_virgatum  grass of western America used for hay
                       subtype:  broomcorn_millet__broomcornmillet__millet__hog_millet__hogmillet__Panicum_miliaceum  extensively cultivated in Europe and Asia for its grain and in United States sometimes for forage
                       subtype:  Texas_millet__goose_grass__goosegras__Panicum_Texanum  annual weedy grass used for hay
                    subtype:  sorghum  economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
                       subtype:  great_millet__greatmillet__kaffir__kafir_corn__kafircorn__kaffir_corn__Sorghum_bicolor  important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves
                       subtype:  grain_sorghum__grainsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grain
                          subtype:  durra__doura__dourah__Egyptian_corn__Indian_millet__Guinea_corn  sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa
                          subtype:  feterita__federita__Sorghum_vulgare_caudatum  a Sudanese sorghum having exceptionally large soft white grains
                          subtype:  hegari  Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety grown in southwestern United States
                          subtype:  kaoliang  sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)
                          subtype:  milo_maize__milo  small drought-resistant sorghums having large yellow or whitish grains
                          subtype:  shallu__Sorghum_vulgare_rosburghii  sorghum having slender dry stalks and small hard grains; introduced into United States from India
                       subtype:  sorgo__sorgho__sweet_sorghum__sweetsorghum__sugar_sorghum__sugarsorghum  any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrup
                       subtype:  Johnson_grass__Aleppa_grass__means_grass__meansgras__evergreen_millet__evergreenmillet__Sorghum_halepense__Sorghum_halapense  tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated land
                       subtype:  broomcorn__Sorghum_vulgare_technicum  tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes
                 subtype:  wheat__corn  annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains
                    subtype:  Triticum_durum__durum__durum_wheat__durumwheat__hard_wheat__Triticum_turgidum__maccaroni_wheat__maccaroniwheat  wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America
                    subtype:  soft_wheat  wheat with soft starch kernels used in pastry and breakfast cereals
                    subtype:  common_wheat__Triticum_aestivum  widely cultivated in temperate regions in many varieties for its commercially important grain
                    subtype:  spelt__Triticum_spelta__Triticum_aestivum_spelta  hardy wheat grown mostly in Europe for livestock feed
                    subtype:  emmer__starchwheat__two-grain_spelt__twograinspelt__Triticum_dicoccum  hard red wheat grown especially in Russia and Germany; in United States as stock feed
                    subtype:  wild_wheat__wild_emmer__Triticum_dicoccum_dicoccoides  found wild in Palestine; held to be prototype of cultivated wheat
                 subtype:  Indian_corn__corn__maize__Zea_mays  tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times
                    subtype:  field_corn__fieldcorn  corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain
                       subtype:  dent_corn__Zea_mays_indentata  corn whose kernels contain both hard and soft starch and become indented at maturity
                       subtype:  flint_corn__flintcorn__flint_maize__flintmaize__Yankee_corn__Zea_mays_indurata  corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm
                       subtype:  soft_corn__flour_corn__flourcorn__squaw_corn__squawcorn__Zea_mays_amylacea  corn having kernels almost entirely of soft starch
                    subtype:  sweet_corn_plant__sweet_corn__sweetcorn__sugar_corn__sugarcorn__green_corn__greencorn__Zea_mays_rugosa__Zea_saccharata  corn whose young ears are sweet and suitable for eating as a vegetable
                    subtype:  Zea_mays_everta__popcorn  corn having small ears and kernels that burst when exposed to dry heat
                 subtype:  wild_rice__Zizania_aquatica  perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food
              subtype:  zoysia  any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia
                 subtype:  Manila_grass__Japanese_carpet_grass__Zoysia_matrella  lawn grass common in the Philippines; grown also in United States
                 subtype:  Korean_lawn_grass__Japanese_lawn_grass__Zoysia_japonica  lawn grass common in China and Japan; grown also in United States
                 subtype:  mascarene_grass__mascarenegras__Korean_velvet_grass__Zoysia_tenuifolia  Asiatic creeping perennial grass; introduced in southern United States as a drought-resistant lawn grass
           subtype:  Saccharum_officinarum__sugarcane__sugar_cane__sugarcane  tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
              subtype:  noble_cane__noblecane  sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content
           subtype:  reed.gramineous_plant  tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites
              subtype:  toetoe__toitoi__Arundo_conspicua__Chionochloa_conspicua  used by Maoris for thatching
              subtype:  giant_reed__giantreed__Arundo_donax  large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large gray-white feathery panicles
              subtype:  ditch_reed__ditchreed__common_reed__carrizo__Phragmites_communis  tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts
           subtype:  bamboo  woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
              subtype:  common_bamboo__Bambusa_vulgaris  extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
              subtype:  giant_cane__giantcane__cane_reed__Arundinaria_gigantea  tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
              subtype:  small_cane__smallcane__switch_cane__Arundinaria_tecta  small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
              subtype:  giant_bamboo__giantbamboo__kyo-chiku__kyochiku__Dendrocalamus_giganteus  immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
              subtype:  fishpole_bamboo__gosan-chiku__gosanchiku__hotei-chiku__hoteichiku__Phyllostachys_aurea  small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young
              subtype:  black_bamboo__blackbamboo__kuri-chiku__Phyllostachys_nigra  small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black
              subtype:  giant_timber_bamboo__madake__ku-chiku__Phyllostachys_bambusoides  large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely brown elsewhere
        subtype:  herbage__pasturage  succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land
        subtype:  bur_reed__burreed  marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit
        subtype:  lobelia  any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia
           subtype:  cardinal_flower__Indian_pink__Lobelia_cardinalis  North American lobelia having brilliant red flowers
           subtype:  Indian_tobacco__bladderpod__Lobelia_inflata  North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic
           subtype:  water_lobelia__waterlobelia__Lobelia_dortmanna  erect perennial aquatic herb of Europe and North America having submerged spongy leaves and pendulous racemes of blue flowers above the water
           subtype:  great_lobelia__greatlobelia__blue_cardinal_flower__Lobelia_siphilitica  tall erect and very leafy perennial herb of eastern North America having dense spikes of blue flowers
        subtype:  okra_plant__okra__gumbo__lady's-finger__Abelmoschus_esculentus__Hibiscus_esculentus  tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
        subtype:  vegetable  any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
           subtype:  common_beet__beet__Beta_vulgaris  biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
              subtype:  beetroot__Beta_vulgaris_rubra  beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
              subtype:  chard_plant__chard__swisschard__spinach_beet__spinachbeet__leafbeet__Beta_vulgaris_cicla  beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks
              subtype:  mangold-wurzel__mangoldwurzel__mangel-wurzel__mangold__betavulgarisvulgari  beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed
              subtype:  sugar_beet.common_beet__sugarbeet  form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained
           subtype:  prickly-seeded_spinach__spinach__spinachplant__Spinacia_oleracea  southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves
           subtype:  artichoke_plant__artichokeplant__artichoke__globe_artichoke__globeartichoke__Cynara_scolymus  Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head
           subtype:  Cynara_cardunculus__cardoon  southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots
        subtype:  simple  (archaic) any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties
        subtype:  galax__galaxy__cold's_foot__wandflower__beetleweed__Galax_urceolata  tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
        subtype:  wintergreen__pyrola  any of several evergreen perennials of the genus Pyrola
           subtype:  false_wintergreen__falsewintergreen__Pyrola_americana__Pyrola_rotundifolia_americana  evergreen of eastern North America with leathery leaves and numerous white flowers
           subtype:  lesser_wintergreen__Pyrola_minor  the common wintergreen having many-flowered racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; Europe and North America
           subtype:  shinleaf__wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_elliptica  North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters
           subtype:  wild_lily_of_the_valley__Pyrola_rotundifolia  evergreen with rounded leaves and very fragrant creamy-white flowers; widely distributed in northern parts of Old and New Worlds
        subtype:  pipsissewa__prince's_pine  any of several plants of the genus Chimaphila
           subtype:  love-in-winter__western_prince's_pine__Chimaphila_umbellata__Chimaphila_corymbosa  Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb
        subtype:  one-flowered_wintergreen__one-flowered_pyrola__Moneses_uniflora__Pyrola_uniflora  delicate evergreen dwarf herb of north temperate regions having a solitary white terminal flower; sometimes placed in genus Pyrola
        subtype:  American_columbo__columbo__deer's-ear__deer's-ears__pyramid_plant__pyramidplant__American_gentian  any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of the United States Pacific states
        subtype:  green_gentian__greengentian__Frasera_speciosa__Swertia_speciosa  tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia
        subtype:  marsh_felwort__marshfelwort__Swertia_perennia  perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers
        subtype:  bloodwort  any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter
        subtype:  kangaroo_paw__kangaroo's-foot__kangaroo-foot_plant__Australian_sword_lily__Anigozanthus_manglesii  sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia
        subtype:  willowherb  a plant of the genus Epilobium having pink or yellow flowers and seeds with silky hairs
           subtype:  fireweed__giant_willowherb__giantwillowherb__rosebay_willowherb__rosebaywillowherb__wickup__Epilobium_angustifolium  tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant
           subtype:  hairy_willowherb__hairywillowherb__codlins-and-cream__codlinsandcream__Epilobium_hirsutum  plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America
        subtype:  evening_primrose__eveningprimrose  any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
           subtype:  enchanter's_nightshade__enchanter'snightshade  any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere
              subtype:  Alpine_enchanter's_nightshade__Circaea_alpina  an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade
              subtype:  Circaea_lutetiana  tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers
           subtype:  common_evening_primrose__German_rampion__Oenothera_biennis  a coarse biennial of eastern North America with yellow flowers that open in the evening; naturalized in Europe
           subtype:  sundrops__Oenothera_fruticosa  a day-flowering biennial or perennial of the genus Oenothera
           subtype:  Missouri_primrose__Ozark_sundrops__Oenothera_macrocarpa  evening-opening primrose of south central United States
        subtype:  canna  any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
           subtype:  canna_lily__cannalily__Canna_generalis  plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers
           subtype:  achira__indian_shot__arrowroot__cannaindica__cannaeduli  canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained
        subtype:  maranta  any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves
           subtype:  American_arrowroot__arrowroot__obedienceplant__Maranta_arundinaceae  white-flowered West Indian plant whose root yields arrowroot starch
        subtype:  banana_tree__banana  any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
           subtype:  dwarf_banana__dwarfbanana__Musa_acuminata  low-growing Asian banana tree cultivated especially in the West Indies for its clusters of edible yellow fruit
           subtype:  Japanese_banana__Musa_basjoo  Asiatic banana plant cultivated especially as a foliage plant in Japan
           subtype:  plantain_tree__plantain__Musa_paradisiaca  a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics
           subtype:  edible_banana__Musa_paradisiaca_sapientum  widely cultivated species of banana trees bearing compact hanging clusters of commercially important edible yellow fruit
           subtype:  abaca__manilahemp__Musa_textilis  Philippine banana tree having leafstalks that yield Manila hemp used for rope and paper etc
        subtype:  Abyssinian_banana__Ethiopian_banana__Ensete_ventricosum__Musa_ensete  large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
        subtype:  Strelitzia_reginae__bird_of_paradise  ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird
        subtype:  ginger  perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
           subtype:  common_ginger__Canton_ginger__stem_ginger__Zingiber_officinale  tropical Asian plant widely cultivated for its pungent root; source of gingerroot and powdered ginger
           subtype:  galangal__Alpinia_galanga  southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
           subtype:  lesser_galangal__Alpinia_officinarum__Alpinia_officinalis  Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of rose-veined white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
           subtype:  red_ginger__redginger__Alpinia_purpurata  an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
           subtype:  shell_ginger__shellginger__shellflower__Alpinia_Zerumbet__Alpinia_speciosa__Languas_speciosa  cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with shell-pink shading and crinkled yellow lip with variegated magenta stripes
        subtype:  Curcuma_longa__turmeric__Curcuma_domestica  widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
        subtype:  grains_of_paradise__Guinea_grains__Guinea_pepper__melagueta_pepper__melaguetapepper__Aframomum_melegueta  West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
        subtype:  cardamom__cardamon__Elettaria_cardamomum  rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
        subtype:  reseda  any plant of the genus Reseda
           subtype:  mignonette__sweet_reseda__sweetreseda__Reseda_odorata  Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance
           subtype:  dyer's_rocket__dyer's_mignonette__weld__Reseda_luteola  European mignonette cultivated as a source of yellow dye; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  viola  any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola
           subtype:  violet  any of numerous low-growing small-flowered violas
              subtype:  American_dog_violet__Viola_conspersa  violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers
              subtype:  sweet_white_violet__sweetwhiteviolet__white_violet__whiteviolet__woodland_white_violet__Viola_blanda  short-stemmed violet of eastern North America having fragrant purple-veined white flowers
              subtype:  Canada_violet__tall_white_violet__white_violet__whiteviolet__Viola_canadensis  tall North American perennial with heart-shaped leaves and purple-streaked white flowers
              subtype:  dog_violet__dogviolet__heath_violet__heathviolet__Viola_canina  Old World leafy-stemmed blue-flowered violet
              subtype:  two-eyed_violet__heartsease__Viola_ocellata  violet of Pacific coast of North America having white petals tinged with yellow and deep violet
              subtype:  sweet_violet__sweetviolet__garden_violet__English_violet__Viola_odorata  European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized
              subtype:  bird's-foot_violet__pansy_violet__pansyviolet__Johnny-jump-up__wood_violet__Viola_pedata  common violet of the eastern United States with large pale blue or purple flowers resembling pansies
              subtype:  downy_yellow_violet__Viola_pubescens  violet of eastern North America having softly pubescent leaves and stems and clear yellow flowers with brown-purple veins
              subtype:  long-spurred_violet__Viola_rostrata  violet of eastern North America having lilac-purple flowers with a long slender spur
              subtype:  pale_violet__striped_violet__stripedviolet__cream_violet__creamviolet__violastriata  leafy-stemmed violet of eastern North America having large white or creamy flowers faintly marked with purple
              subtype:  hedge_violet__hedgeviolet__wood_violet__Viola_sylvatica__Viola_reichenbachiana  common European violet that grows in woods and hedgerows
           subtype:  field_pansy__fieldpansy__heartsease__Viola_arvensis  common Old World viola with creamy often violet-tinged flowers
           subtype:  horned_violet__tufted_pansy__Viola_cornuta  European viola with an unusually long corolla spur
           subtype:  Viola_tricolor_hortensis__pansy  large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors
           subtype:  wild_pansy__Johnny-jump-up__heartsease__love-in-idleness__pink_of_my_John__Viola_tricolor  a common and long cultivated European herb from which most common garden pansies are derived
        subtype:  false_nettle__falsenettle__bog_hemp__boghemp  any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs
           subtype:  ramie__ramee__Chinese_silk_plant__China_grass__Boehmeria_nivea  tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
        subtype:  pellitory-of-the-wall__wall_pellitory__pellitory__Parietaria_difussa  herb that grows in crevices having long narrow leaves and small pink apetalous flowers
        subtype:  kniphofia__tritoma__flameflower  a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers
           subtype:  poker_plant__Kniphofia_uvaria  clump-forming plant of South Africa with spikes of scarlet flowers
              subtype:  red-hot_poker__redhotpoker__Kniphofia_praecox  widely cultivated hybrid poker plant
        subtype:  edible_asparagus__asparagus__asparagu__Asparagus_officinales  plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
        subtype:  asparagus_fern__asparagusfern__Asparagus_setaceous__Asparagus_plumosus  a fernlike plant native to South Africa
        subtype:  aspidistra__cast-iron_plant__bar-room_plant__Aspidistra_elatio  evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
        subtype:  climbing_onion__Bowiea_volubilis  much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large above-ground bulbs
        subtype:  plantain_lily__day_lily__daylily  any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover
        subtype:  herb_Paris__Paris_quadrifolia  European herb with yellow-green flowers resembling and closely related to the trilliums; reputed to be poisonous
        subtype:  pia__indianarrowroot__Tacca_leontopetaloides__Tacca_pinnatifida  perennial herb of East India to Polynesia and Australia cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch
        subtype:  flax  plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem
        subtype:  wild_senna__Senna_marilandica__Cassia_marilandica  North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
        subtype:  kidney_vetch__Anthyllis_vulneraria  perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders
        subtype:  crotalaria__rattlebox  any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops
           subtype:  American_rattlebox__Crotalaria_sagitallis  tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle
           subtype:  Indian_rattlebox__Crotalaria_spectabilis  erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India
        subtype:  prairie_mimosa__prairiemimosa__prickle-weed__prickleweed__Desmanthus_ilinoensis  perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers
        subtype:  goat_rue__goat's_rue__Galega_officinalis  tall bushy European perennial grown for its masses of light-textured pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally
        subtype:  Glycyrrhiza_glabra__licorice__liquorice  deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots
        subtype:  wild_licorice__wild_liquorice__American_licorice__American_liquorice__Glycyrrhiza_lepidota  North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties
        subtype:  winged_pea__asparagus_pea__asparaguspea__Lotus_tetragonolobus  sprawling European annual having a 4-winged edible pod
        subtype:  medic__medick__trefoil  any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves
           subtype:  moon_trefoil__Medicago_arborea  evergreen shrub of southern European highlands having downy foliage and a succession of yellow flowers throughout the summer followed by curious snail-shaped pods
           subtype:  sickle_alfalfa__sickle_lucerne__sickle_medick__Medicago_falcata  European medic naturalized in North America having yellow flowers and sickle-shaped pods
           subtype:  Calvary_clover__Medicago_intertexta__Medicago_echinus  an annual of the Mediterranean area having spiny seed pods and leaves with dark spots
           subtype:  black_medick__blackmedick__hop_clover__hopclover__yellow_trefoil__nonesuch_clover__Medicago_lupulina  prostrate European herb with small yellow flowers and curved black pods; naturalized in North America
           subtype:  lucerne__alfalfa__Medicago_sativa  important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop
        subtype:  sainfoin__sanfoin__holy_clover__esparcet__Onobrychis_viciifolia__Onobrychis_viciaefolia  Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain
        subtype:  shamrock_pea__Parochetus_communis  trailing trifoliate Asiatic and African herb having cobalt blue flowers
        subtype:  Indian_breadroot__breadroot__pomme_blanche__pommeblanche__pomme_de_prairie__Psoralea_esculenta  densely hairy perennial of central North America having edible tuberous roots
        subtype:  bush_pea  any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers
           subtype:  false_lupine__falselupine__golden_pea__yellow_pea__Thermopsis_macrophylla  western United States bushy herb having yellow pealike flowers
           subtype:  Carolina_lupine__Thermopsis_villosa  eastern United States bush pea
        subtype:  bird's_foot_trefoil__Trigonella_ornithopodioides  Old World herb related to fenugreek
        subtype:  fenugreek__Greek_clover__Trigonella_foenumgraecum  annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry
        subtype:  plantain  any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally
           subtype:  English_plantain__narrow-leaved_plantain__ribgrass__ribwort__ripple-grass__buckthorn__Plantago_lanceolata  an Old World plantain with long narrow ribbed leaves widely established in temperate regions
           subtype:  broad-leaved_plantain__common_plantain__white-man's_foot__whiteman'sfoot__whiteman's_foot__cart-track_plant__Plantago_major  common European perennial naturalized worldwide; a troublesome weed
           subtype:  Plantago_media__hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain  widely distributed Old World perennial naturalized in North America having finely hairy leaves and inconspicuous white fragrant flowers
           subtype:  fleawort__psyllium__Spanish_psyllium__Plantago_psyllium  plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative
           subtype:  rugel's_plantain__rugel'splantain__broad-leaved_plantain__Plantago_rugelii  North American plantain having reddish leafstalks and broad leaves
           subtype:  hoary_plantain__hoaryplantain__Plantago_virginica  North American annual or biennial with long soft hairs on the leaves
        subtype:  Polygonum_fagopyrum__buckwheat__Fagopyrum_esculentum  or member of genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour
        subtype:  rhubarb_plant__rhubarbplant__rhubarb  plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous
           subtype:  Himalayan_rhubarb__Indian_rhubarb__red-veined_pie_plant__Rheum_australe__Rheum_emodi  Asian herb (Himalayas)
           subtype:  pie_plant__pieplant__garden_rhubarb__Rheum_cultorum__Rheum_rhabarbarum__Rheum_rhaponticum  long-cultivated hybrid of Rheum palmatum; stems often cooked in pies or as sauce or preserves
           subtype:  Chinese_rhubarb__Rheum_palmatum  long used for laxative properties
        subtype:  sour_grass__dock__sorrel  any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
           subtype:  sour_dock__garden_sorrel__Rumex_acetosa  European sorrel with large slightly acidic sagittate leaves grown throughout north temperate zone for salad and spring greens
           subtype:  sheep_sorrel__sheepsorrel__sheep's_sorrel__sheep'ssorrel__Rumex_acetosella  small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places
           subtype:  bitter_dock__broad-leaved_dock__yellow_dock__Rumex_obtusifolius  European dock with broad obtuse leaves and bitter rootstock common as a weed in North America
           subtype:  garden_sorrel__French_sorrel__Rumex_scutatus  low perennial with small silvery-green ovate to hastate leaves
        subtype:  spiderwort__dayflower  any plant of the family Commelinaceae
           subtype:  St.-Bruno's-lily__Paradisea_liliastrum  a variety of spiderwort
        subtype:  pineapple_plant__pineappleplant__pineapple__Ananas_comosus  a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
        subtype:  agrimonia__agrimony  a plant of the genus Agrimony having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers
           subtype:  harvest-lice__harvestlice__Agrimonia_eupatoria  erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats
           subtype:  fragrant_agrimony__Agrimonia_procera  fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils
        subtype:  strawberry  any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry
           subtype:  garden_strawberry__cultivated_strawberry__Fragaria_ananassa  widely cultivated
           subtype:  wild_strawberry__wood_strawberry__Fragaria_vesca  Europe
           subtype:  beach_strawberry__beachstrawberry__Chilean_strawberry__Fragaria_chiloensis  wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries
           subtype:  Virginia_strawberry__scarlet_strawberry__scarletstrawberry__Fragaria_virginiana  North American wild strawberry with sweet scarlet fruit; a source of many cultivated strawberries
        subtype:  burnet_bloodwort__salad_burnet__saladburnet__Poterium_sanguisorba  European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads
        subtype:  bedstraw  any of several plants of the genus Galium
           subtype:  fragrant_bedstraw__sweet_woodruff__sweetwoodruff__waldmeister__woodruff__Galium_odoratum__Asperula_odorata  Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula
           subtype:  Northern_bedstraw__Northern_snow_bedstraw__Galium_boreale  North American stoloniferous perennial having white flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
           subtype:  yellow_bedstraw__yellow_cleavers__Our_Lady's_bedstraw__Galium_verum  common yellow-flowered perennial bedstraw; North America and Europe and Asia
           subtype:  Galium_lanceolatum__wild_licorice  bedstraw with sweetish roots
           subtype:  spring_cleavers__cleavers__clivers__cliver__goose_grass__goosegras__catchweed__Galium_aparine  annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia
           subtype:  wild_madder__white_madder__whitemadder__white_bedstraw__whitebedstraw__infant's-breath__false_baby's_breath__Galium_mollugo  Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  feverroot__horse_gentian__horsegentian__tinker's_root__wild_coffee__Triostium_perfoliatum  coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers
        subtype:  teasel__teazel__teasle  any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
           subtype:  common_teasel__Dipsacus_fullonum  teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth
           subtype:  fuller's_teasel__Dipsacus_sativus  similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States
           subtype:  wild_teasel__Dipsacus_sylvestris  European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  jewelweed__lady's_earrings__orange_balsam__celandine__touchmenot__Impatiens_capensis  North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil
        subtype:  geranium  any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae
           subtype:  cranesbill__crane's_bill__crane'sbill  any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium
              subtype:  wild_geranium__spotted_cranesbill__spottedcranesbill__Geranium_maculatum  common wild geranium of eastern North America with deeply parted leaves and rose-purple flowers
              subtype:  meadow_cranesbill__Geranium_pratense  tall perennial cranesbill with paired violet-blue axillary flowers; native to northern parts of Old World and naturalized in North America
              subtype:  Richardson's_geranium__Geranium_richardsonii  geranium of western North America having branched clusters of white or pale pink flowers
              subtype:  herb_robert__herbs_robert__herbsrobert__herb_roberts__Geranium_robertianum  a sticky low herb with small reddish-purple flowers; widespread in the northern hemisphere
              subtype:  sticky_geranium__Geranium_viscosissimum  geranium of western North America having pinkish-purple flowers in open clusters
              subtype:  dove's_foot_geranium__Geranium_molle  western geranium with small pink flowers; a common weed on lawns and in vacant lots
           subtype:  rose_geranium__sweet-scented_geranium__sweetscentedgeranium__Pelargonium_graveolens  any of several southern African geraniums having fragrant 3- to 5-lobed leaves and pink flowers
           subtype:  fish_geranium__bedding_geranium__beddinggeranium__zonal_pelargonium__zonalpelargonium__Pelargonium_hortorum  an upright geranium having scalloped leaves with a broad color zone inside the margin and white or pink or red flowers
           subtype:  ivy_geranium__ivygeranium__ivy-leaved_geranium__hanging_geranium__hanginggeranium__Pelargonium_peltatum  a commonly cultivated trailing South American plant with peltate leaves and rosy flowers
           subtype:  apple_geranium__applegeranium__nutmet_geranium__Pelargonium_odoratissimum  geranium with round fragrant leaves and small white flowers
           subtype:  lemon_geranium__lemongeranium__Pelargonium_limoneum  a common garden geranium with lemon-scented foliage
           subtype:  storksbill__heron's_bill__heron'sbill  any of various plants of the genus Erodium
              subtype:  redstem_storksbill__redstemstorksbill__alfilaria__alfileria__filaree__clocks__pin_grass__pingras__pin_clover__pinclover__Erodium_cicutarium  European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
              subtype:  musk_clover__muskus_grass__white-stemmed_filaree__whitestemmedfilaree__Erodium_moschatum  low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria
              subtype:  Texas_storksbill__Erodium_texanum  of prairies and desert areas of southwestern United States and Mexico
        subtype:  oxalis__sorrel__wood_sorrel  any plant or flower of the genus Oxalis
           subtype:  common_wood_sorrel__cuckoo_bread__shamrock__Oxalis_acetosella  Eurasian plant with heart-shaped trifoliate leaves and white pink- or purple-veined flowers
           subtype:  Bermuda_buttercup__English-weed__Oxalis_pes-caprae__Oxalis_cernua  South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers
           subtype:  creeping_oxalis__creeping_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_corniculata  creeping much-branched mat-forming weed; cosmopolitan
           subtype:  goatsfoot__goat's_foot__Oxalis_caprina  short-stemmed South African plant with bluish flowers
           subtype:  violet_wood_sorrel__Oxalis_violacea  perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers
           subtype:  oca__oka__Oxalis_tuberosa__Oxalis_crenata  South American wood sorrel cultivated for its edible tubers
        subtype:  herb_of_grace__rue__rutagraveolen  European strong-scented perennial herb with gray-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy
        subtype:  fraxinella__dittany__burning_bush__burningbush__gas_plant__gasplant__Dictamnus_alba  Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather
        subtype:  nasturtium  any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers
           subtype:  garden_nasturtium__Indian_cress__Tropaeolum_majus  strong-growing annual climber having large flowers of all shades of orange from orange-red to yellowish orange and seeds that are pickled and used like capers
           subtype:  bush_nasturtium__Tropaeolum_minus  annual with deep yellow flowers smaller than the common garden nasturtium
           subtype:  canarybird_flower__canarybird_vine__canary_creeper__Tropaeolum_peregrinum  a climber having canary-colored flowers
        subtype:  carnivorous_plant__carnivorousplant  plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals
           subtype:  pitcher_plant__pitcherplant  any of several insectivorous herbs of the order Sarraceniales
              subtype:  common_pitcher_plant__huntsman's_cup__huntsman's_cups__Sarracenia_purpurea  perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland
              subtype:  hooded_pitcher_plant__Sarracenia_minor  yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood
              subtype:  huntsman's_horn__huntsman's_horns__yellow_trumpet__yellow_pitcher_plant__trumpets__Sarracenia_flava  pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect wide-mouth yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with erect lids
              subtype:  California_pitcher_plant__Darlingtonia_californica  marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
              subtype:  sun_pitcher__sunpitcher  any of several herbs of Guiana highlands having racemes of nodding white or pink flowers; trap and digest insects in pitcher-shaped leaves with spoon-shaped caps
              subtype:  tropical_pitcher_plant  any of several tropical carnivorous shrubs or woody herbs of the genus Nepenthes
           subtype:  sundew_plant__sundew__daily_dew__dailydew  any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
           subtype:  Venus's_flytrap__Venus's_flytraps__Dionaea_muscipula  carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
           subtype:  waterwheel_plant__Aldrovanda_vesiculosa  floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
           subtype:  Drosophyllum_lusitanicum  perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
           subtype:  roridula  either of 2 species of the genus Roridula; South African viscid perennial low-growing woody shrubs
           subtype:  bladderwort  any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals
           subtype:  butterwort  any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects
           subtype:  genlisea  rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and trap-leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs
        subtype:  Australian_pitcher_plant__Cephalotus_follicularis  carnivorous perennial herb having a red-brown-marked green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
        subtype:  sedum  any of various plants of the genus Sedum
           subtype:  stonecrop  any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers
              subtype:  wall_pepper__Sedum_acre  mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover
           subtype:  rose-root__midsummer-men__midsummermen__Sedum_rosea  Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers
           subtype:  orpine__orpin__livelong__live-forever__Sedum_telephium  perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers
        subtype:  saxifrage__breakstone__rockfoil  any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
           subtype:  yellow_mountain_saxifrage__Saxifraga_aizoides  tufted evergreen perennial having ciliate leaves and yellow corymbose flowers often spotted orange
           subtype:  meadow_saxifrage__fair-maids-of-France__Saxifraga_granulata  rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe
           subtype:  mossy_saxifrage__mossysaxifrage__Saxifraga_hypnoides  tufted or mat-forming perennial of mountains of Europe; cultivated for its white flowers
           subtype:  western_saxifrage__westernsaxifrage__Saxifraga_occidentalis  saxifrage having loose clusters of white flowers on hairy stems growing from a cluster of basal leaves; moist slopes of western North America
           subtype:  purple_saxifrage__Saxifraga_oppositifolia  plants forming dense cushions with bright reddish-lavender flowers; rocky areas of Europe and Asia and western North America
           subtype:  star_saxifrage__starry_saxifrage__Saxifraga_stellaris  small often mat-forming alpine plant having small starlike white flowers; Europe
           subtype:  strawberry_geranium__strawberry_saxifrage__mother-of-thousands__Saxifraga_stolonifera__Saxifraga_sarmentosam  eastern Asiatic saxifrage with racemes of small red-and-white flowers; spreads by numerous creeping stolons
        subtype:  astilbe  any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers
           subtype:  false_goatsbeard__falsegoatsbeard__Astilbe_biternata  North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers
           subtype:  dwarf_astilbe__dwarfastilbe__Astilbe_chinensis_pumila  mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover
           subtype:  Astilbe_japonica__spirea__spiraea  a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming
        subtype:  bergenia  any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms
        subtype:  umbrella_plant__Indian_rhubarb__Darmera_peltata__Peltiphyllum_peltatum  rhizomatous perennial herb with large dramatic peltate leaves and white to bright pink flowers in round heads on leafless stems; colonizes stream banks in the California Sierra Nevada
        subtype:  alumroot__alumbloom  any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera
           subtype:  rock_geranium__Heuchera_americana  plant with basal leaves mottled with white and flowers in lax panicles on erect stems
           subtype:  poker_alumroot__pokeralumroot__poker_heuchera__pokerheuchera__Heuchera_cylindrica  plant with leathery heart-shaped leaf blades clustered at base of long stalks with greenish-white flowers clustered along the upper part; western North America
           subtype:  coralbells__Heuchera_sanguinea  perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental
        subtype:  miterwort__mitrewort__bishop's_cap  any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter
           subtype:  fairy_cup__fairycup__Mitella_diphylla  miterwort of northeastern North America usually with two opposite leaves on erect flowering stems that terminate in erect racemes of white flowers
           subtype:  five-point_bishop's_cap__Mitella_pentandra  small plant with leaves in a basal cluster and tiny greenish flowers in slender racemes; northwestern North America to California and Colorado
        subtype:  suksdorfia  any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles
           subtype:  violet_suksdorfia__Suksdorfia_violaceae  slender delicate plant with wide roundish deeply lobed leaves and deep pink to violet funnel-shaped flowers; British Columbia to northern Oregon and west to Idaho and Montana
        subtype:  foamflower__coolwart__false_miterwort__falsemiterwort__false_mitrewort__falsemitrewort__Tiarella_cordifolia  stoloniferous white-flowered spring-blooming woodland plant
        subtype:  pickaback_plant__pickabackplant__piggyback_plant__piggybackplant__youth-on-age__Tolmiea_menziesii  vigorous perennial herb with flowers in erect racemes and having young plants develop at the junction of a leaf blade and the leafstalk
        subtype:  polemonium  any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to arctic regions
           subtype:  Jacob's_ladder__Greek_valerian__charity__Polemonium_caeruleum__Polemonium_van-bruntiae__Polymonium_caeruleum_van-bruntiae  pinnate-leaved European perennial having bright blue or white flowers
           subtype:  Greek_valerian__Polemonium_reptans  erect or spreading perennial of the eastern United States
           subtype:  northern_Jacob's_ladder__Polemonium_boreale  perennial erect herb with white flowers; circumboreal
           subtype:  skunkweed__polemoniumviscosum  tall sticky-leaved herb of the Rocky Mountains having an offensive smell
        subtype:  phlox  any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers
           subtype:  chickweed_phlox__chickweedphlox__sand_phlox__Phlox_bifida__Phlox_stellaria  low mat-forming herb of rocky places in United States
           subtype:  moss_pink__mountain_phlox__moss_phlox__dwarf_phlox__dwarfphlox__Phlox_subulata  low tufted perennial phlox with needlelike evergreen leaves and pink or white flowers; native to United States and widely cultivated as a ground cover
           subtype:  ground_pink__fringed_pink__fringedpink__mosspink__Linanthus_dianthiflorus  low wiry-stemmed branching herb or southern California having fringed pink flowers
           subtype:  evening-snow__eveningsnow__linanthusdichotomu  small California annual with white flowers
        subtype:  acanthus  any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
           subtype:  bear's_breech__bear's_breeches__sea_holly__seaholly__Acanthus_mollis  widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers
        subtype:  tailwort__borage__Borago_officinalis  hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
        subtype:  common_amsinckia__Amsinckia_intermedia  annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers
        subtype:  large-flowered_fiddleneck__Amsinckia_grandiflora  annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species
        subtype:  anchusa  any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
           subtype:  bugloss__alkanet__anchusaofficinali  perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers
           subtype:  Anchusa_capensis__cape_forget-me-not  anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats
           subtype:  cape_forget-me-not__Anchusa_riparia  anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers
        subtype:  Chinese_forget-me-not__Cynoglossum_amabile  biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers
        subtype:  Cynoglossum_officinale__hound's-tongue__hound'stongue  biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers
        subtype:  hound's-tongue__hound'stongue__Cynoglossum_virginaticum  perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers
        subtype:  blueweed__blue_devil__blue_thistle__viper's_bugloss__viper'sbuglos__Echium_vulgare  a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  stickweed  any of several herbaceous plants having seeds that cling to clothing
           subtype:  beggar's_lice__beggar_lice  Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing
        subtype:  gromwell__Lithospermum_officinale  European perennial branching plant; occurs in hedgerows and at the edge of woodlands
        subtype:  puccoon__Lithospermum_caroliniense  perennial plant of eastern North America having hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
        subtype:  hoary_puccoon__hoarypuccoon__paint_Indian__Lithospermum_canescens  perennial North American plant with grayish hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
        subtype:  Virginia_bluebell__Virginia_cowslip__Mertensia_virginica  smooth erect herb of eastern North America having entire leaves and showy blue flowers that are pink in bud
        subtype:  garden_forget-me-not__Myosotis_sylvatica  small biennial to perennial herb of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia having blue, purple or white flowers
        subtype:  forget-me-not__mouse_ear__mouseear__Myosotis_scorpiodes__myosotisscorpiode  small perennial herb having bright blue or white flowers
        subtype:  false_gromwell__falsegromwell  any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers
        subtype:  comfrey  perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas
           subtype:  common_comfrey__boneset__Symphytum_officinale  European herb having small white, pink or purple flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
        subtype:  gesneria  any plant of the genus Gesneria
        subtype:  waterleaf  any of several plants of the genus Hydrophyllum
           subtype:  Virginia_waterleaf__Shawnee_salad__shawny__Indian_salad__John's_cabbage__Hydrophyllum_virginianum  showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States
        subtype:  California_yellow_bells__yellow_bells__whispering_bells__Emmanthe_penduliflora  viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers
        subtype:  nemophila  any plant of the genus Nemophila
           subtype:  Nemophila_maculata__five-spot  California annual having white flowers with a deep purple blotch on each petal
        subtype:  baby_blue-eyes__Nemophila_menziesii  delicate California annual having blue flowers marked with dark spots
        subtype:  fiesta_flower__Pholistoma_auritum__Nemophila_aurita  straggling California annual herb with deep purple or violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Nemophila
        subtype:  basil_thyme__basil_balm__basilbalm__mother_of_thyme__Acinos_arvensis__Satureja_acinos  fragrant European mint having clusters of small violet-and-white flowers; naturalized especially in eastern North America
        subtype:  giant_hyssop__gianthyssop  any of a number of aromatic plants of the genus Agastache
           subtype:  yellow_giant_hyssop__Agastache_nepetoides  erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States
           subtype:  anise_hyssop__anisehyssop__Agastache_foeniculum  much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel
           subtype:  Mexican_hyssop__Agastache_mexicana  erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers
        subtype:  bugleweed__bugle  any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover
           subtype:  creeping_bugle__Ajuga_reptans  low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States
           subtype:  erect_bugle__erectbugle__blue_bugle__Ajuga_genevensis  upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe
           subtype:  pyramid_bugle__pyramidbugle__Ajuga_pyramidalis  European evergreen carpeting perennial
           subtype:  yellow_bugle__ground_pine__Ajuga_chamaepitys  low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa
        subtype:  black_horehound__blackhorehound__black_archangel__blackarchangel__fetid_horehound__fetidhorehound__stinking_horehound__Ballota_nigra  ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers
        subtype:  wood_mint  American herb of genus Blephilia with more or less hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or bluish flowers
           subtype:  hairy_wood_mint__Blephilia_hirsuta  a variety of wood mint
           subtype:  downy_wood_mint__Blephilia_celiata  a variety of wood mint
        subtype:  calamint  perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America
           subtype:  common_calamint__Calamintha_sylvatica__Satureja_calamintha_officinalis  mint-scented perennial of central and southern Europe
           subtype:  large-flowered_calamint__Calamintha_grandiflora__Clinopodium_grandiflorum__Satureja_grandiflora  aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran
           subtype:  lesser_calamint__field_balm__fieldbalm__calaminthanepeta__Calamintha_nepeta_glantulosa__Satureja_nepeta__Satureja_calamintha_glandulosa  low-growing strongly aromatic perennial herb of southern Europe to GB naturalized in United States
        subtype:  wild_basil__cushion_calamint__cushioncalamint__Clinopodium_vulgare__Satureja_vulgaris  aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia
        subtype:  horse_balm__horsebalm__horseweed__stoneroot__richweed__stone_root__stoneroot__Collinsonia_canadensis  erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States
        subtype:  coleus__flame_nettle__flamenettle  any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers
           subtype:  country_borage__countryborage__Coleus_aromaticus__Coleus_amboinicus__Plectranthus_amboinicus  an aromatic fleshy herb of India and Ceylon to South Africa; sometimes placed in genus Plectranthus
           subtype:  painted_nettle__paintednettle__Joseph's_coat__Coleus_blumei__Solenostemon_blumei__Solenostemon_scutellarioides  perennial aromatic herb of southeastern Asia having large usually bright-colored or blotched leaves and spikes of blue-violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Solenostemon
        subtype:  dragonhead__dragon's_head__Dracocephalum_parviflorum  American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of double-lipped blue to violet flowers
        subtype:  elsholtzia  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes
        subtype:  hemp_nettle__dead_nettle__Galeopsis_tetrahit  coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States
        subtype:  American_pennyroyal__pennyroyal__Hedeoma_pulegioides  erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
        subtype:  Hyssopus_officinalis__hyssop  a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil
        subtype:  dead_nettle  any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips
           subtype:  white_dead_nettle__Lamium_album  European dead nettle with white flowers
           subtype:  henbit__Lamium_amplexicaule  Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers
        subtype:  wilde_dagga__dagga__capedagga__red_dagga__reddagga__Leonotis_leonurus  relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco
        subtype:  lion's-ear__Leonotis_nepetaefolia__Leonotis_nepetifolia  pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  motherwort__Leonurus_cardiaca  bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers
        subtype:  Lycopus_virginicus__bugleweed  a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States
        subtype:  water_horehound__waterhorehound__Lycopus_americanus  aromatic perennial herb of United States
        subtype:  gipsywort__gypsywort__Lycopus_europaeus  hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers
        subtype:  origanum  any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings
           subtype:  pot_marjoram__potmarjoram__oregano__wild_marjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_vulgare  aromatic Eurasian perennial
           subtype:  sweet_marjoram__sweetmarjoram__knotted_marjoram__knottedmarjoram__Origanum_majorana__Majorana_hortensis  aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe
           subtype:  dittany_of_crete__cretan_dittany__crete_dittany__cretedittany__hop_marjoram__hopmarjoram__winter_sweet__Origanum_dictamnus  dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete
        subtype:  horehound.herbaceous_plant  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium
           subtype:  common_horehound__white_horehound__whitehorehound__Marrubium_vulgare  European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring
        subtype:  garden_balm__lemon_balm__lemonbalm__sweet_balm__sweetbalm__bee_balm__beebalm__Melissa_officinalis  bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America
        subtype:  mint  any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
           subtype:  corn_mint__field_mint__fieldmint__Mentha_arvensis  European mint naturalized in United States
           subtype:  watermint__water_mint__watermint__Mentha_aquatica  a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America
           subtype:  lemon_mint__lemonmint__bergamotmint__eau_de_cologne_mint__Mentha_citrata  mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange
           subtype:  Mentha_longifolia__horsemint  a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States
           subtype:  Mentha_piperita__peppermint  herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring
           subtype:  spearmint__Mentha_spicata  common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring
           subtype:  apple_mint__applemint__Mentha_rotundifolia__Mentha_suaveolens  mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States
           subtype:  pennyroyal__Mentha_pulegium  Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil
        subtype:  yerba_buena__yerbabuena__Micromeria_chamissonis__Micromeria_douglasii__Satureja_douglasii  trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally
        subtype:  Micromeria_juliana__savory  dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
        subtype:  molucca_balm__moluccabalm__bells_of_Ireland__Molucella_laevis  aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer- or bell-shaped calyx
        subtype:  monarda__wild_bergamot  any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda
           subtype:  bergamot_mint__bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__oswego_tea__Monarda_didyma  perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads
           subtype:  Monarda_punctata__horsemint  tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico
           subtype:  bee_balm__beebalm__beebalm__Monarda_fistulosa  perennial herb of North America
           subtype:  horsemint__lemon_mint__lemonmint__monardacitriodora  an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico
           subtype:  plains_lemon_monarda__Monarda_pectinata  annual of southern United States
           subtype:  basil_balm__basilbalm__Monarda_clinopodia  perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls
        subtype:  mustang_mint__mustangmint__Monardella_lanceolata  fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers
        subtype:  catmint__catnip__Nepeta_cataria  hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats
        subtype:  basil  any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
           subtype:  common_basil__sweet_basil__Ocimum_basilicum  annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leave; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs
        subtype:  beefsteak_plant__beefsteakplant__Perilla_frutescens_crispa  plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage
        subtype:  physostegia  any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers
           subtype:  false_dragonhead__falsedragonhead__false_dragon_head__obedient_plant__Physostegia_virginiana  North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers
        subtype:  self-heal__heal_all__Prunella_vulgaris  decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America
        subtype:  mountain_mint  any of a number of perennial herbs of the genus Pycnanthemum; eastern North America and California
           subtype:  basil_mint__basilmint__Pycnanthemum_virginianum  perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised
        subtype:  Rosmarinus_officinalis__rosemary  widely cultivated for its fragrant gray-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
        subtype:  salvia__sage  any of various plants of the genus Salvia; cosmopolitan
           subtype:  Salvia_azurea__blue_sage  blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States
           subtype:  Salvia_clarea__clary_sage__clarysage  stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery
           subtype:  mealy_sage__mealysage__blue_sage__Salvia_farinacea  Texas sage having intensely blue flowers
           subtype:  blue_sage__Salvia_reflexa__Salvia_lancifolia  sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation
           subtype:  purple_sage__chaparral_sage__chaparralsage__Salvia_leucophylla  silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers
           subtype:  cancerweed__cancer_weed__Salvia_lyrata  sage of eastern United States
           subtype:  common_sage__ramona__Salvia_officinalis  shrubby plant with aromatic grayish-green leaves used as a cooking herb
           subtype:  meadow_clary__Salvia_pratensis  tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands
           subtype:  clary__salviasclarea  aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in England as a potherb and widely as an ornamental
           subtype:  pitcher_sage__pitchersage__salviaspathacea  California erect and sparsely branched perennial
           subtype:  wild_sage__wild_clary__vervain_sage__vervainsage__Salvia_verbenaca  Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  savory  any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees
           subtype:  summer_savory__Satureja_hortensis__Satureia_hortensis  erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere
           subtype:  winter_savory__Satureja_montana__Satureia_montana  erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe
        subtype:  blue_pimpernel__blue_skullcap__mad-dog_skullcap__maddogskullcap__mad-dog_weed__maddogweed__Scutellaria_lateriflora  an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic
        subtype:  hedge_nettle__hedgenettle__dead_nettle__Stachys_sylvatica  foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome
        subtype:  Stachys_palustris__hedge_nettle__hedgenettle  perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere
        subtype:  thyme.herbaceous_plant  any of various mints of the genus Thymus
           subtype:  common_thyme__Thymus_vulgaris  common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine
           subtype:  wild_thyme__creeping_thyme__Thymus_serpyllum  aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  martynia__Martynia_annua  sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit
        subtype:  sesame__benne__benni__benny__Sesamum_indicum  East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
        subtype:  common_unicorn_plant__devil's_claw__devil'sclaw__common_devil's_claw__elephant-tusk__proboscis_flower__proboscisflower__ram's_horn__ram'shorn__Proboscidea_louisianica  annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak
        subtype:  sand_devil's_claw__Proboscidea_arenaria__Martynia_arenaria  alternatively placed in genus Martynia
        subtype:  sweet_unicorn_plant__Proboscidea_fragrans__Martynia_fragrans  a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea
        subtype:  Aureolaria_pedicularia__false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Gerardia_pedicularia  multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
        subtype:  false_foxglove__falsefoxglove__Aureolaria_virginica__Gerardia_virginica  sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
        subtype:  foxglove__digitalis__digitali  any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
           subtype:  common_foxglove__fairy_bell__fairybell__fingerflower__fingerroot__Digitalis_purpurea  tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
           subtype:  yellow_foxglove__straw_foxglove__strawfoxglove__Digitalis_lutea  European yellow-flowered foxglove
        subtype:  mullein__flannel_leaf__flannelleaf__velvet_plant  any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
           subtype:  moth_mullein__Verbascum_blattaria  European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
           subtype:  white_mullein__whitemullein__Verbascum_lychnitis  densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America
           subtype:  purple_mullein__Verbascum_phoeniceum  Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers
           subtype:  common_mullein__great_mullein__greatmullein__Aaron's_rod__flannel_mullein__flannelmullein__woolly_mullein__torch__Verbascum_thapsus  tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches
        subtype:  eggplant_bush__eggplant__aubergine__brinjal__gardenegg__mad_apple__Solanum_melongena  hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
        subtype:  Atropa_belladonna__belladonna__deadly_nightshade  perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
        subtype:  black_henbane__blackhenbane__henbane__stinking_nightshade__Hyoscyamus_niger  poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine
        subtype:  Egyptian_henbane__Hyoscyamus_muticus  poisonous herb whose leaves are a source of hyoscyamine
        subtype:  tomato_plant__tomato__love_apple__Lycopersicon_esculentum  native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties
           subtype:  Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__cherry_tomato  plant bearing small red to yellow fruit
              subtype:  plum_tomato.Lycopersicon_esculentum_cerasiforme__plumtomato  a kind of cherry tomato that has an oblong shape
        subtype:  mandrake__devil's_apples__Mandragora_officinarum  a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers
        subtype:  apple_of_Peru__shoo_fly__Nicandra_physaloides  coarse South American herb grown for its blue-and-white flowers followed by a bladderlike fruit enclosing a dry berry
        subtype:  tobacco  aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
           subtype:  flowering_tobacco__floweringtobacco__Jasmine_tobacco__Nicotiana_alata  South American ornamental perennial having nocturnally fragrant greenish-white flowers
           subtype:  common_tobacco__Nicotiana_tabacum  tall erect South American herb with large ovate leaves and terminal clusters of tubular white or pink flowers; cultivated for its leaves
           subtype:  wild_tobacco__Indian_tobacco__Nicotiana_rustica  tobacco plant of South America and Mexico
           subtype:  tree_tobacco__mustard_tree__mustardtree__Nicotiana_glauca  evergreen South American shrub naturalized in United States; occasionally responsible for poisoning livestock
        subtype:  cupflower__nierembergia  any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers
           subtype:  whitecup__Nierembergia_repens__Nierembergia_rivularis  prostrate woody South American herb with white tubular flowers often tinged with blue or rose
           subtype:  tall_cupflower__Nierembergia_frutescens  shrubby Chilean herb having bluish-white tubular flowers used as an ornamental
        subtype:  ground_cherry__husk_tomato  any of numerous cosmopolitan annual or perennial herbs of the genus Physalis bearing edible fleshy berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk; some cultivated for their flowers
           subtype:  downy_ground_cherry__strawberry_tomato__Physalis_pubescens  decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk
           subtype:  Chinese_lantern_plant__winter_cherry__bladder_cherry__bladdercherry__Physalis_alkekengi  Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx
           subtype:  cape_gooseberry__purple_ground_cherry__Physalis_peruviana  annual of tropical South America having edible purple fruits
           subtype:  strawberry_tomato__dwarf_cape_gooseberry__Physalis_pruinosa  stout hairy annual of eastern North America with sweet yellow fruits
           subtype:  tomatillo__jamberry__Mexican_husk_tomato__Physalis_ixocarpa  annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes
           subtype:  miltomate__tomatillo__purple_ground_cherry__jamberry__Physalis_philadelphica  Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes
           subtype:  yellow_henbane__Physalis_viscosa  found on sea beaches from Virginia to South America having greenish-yellow flowers and orange or yellow berries
        subtype:  salpiglossis  any plant of the genus Salpiglossis
           subtype:  painted_tongue__paintedtongue__Salpiglossis_sinuata  Chilean herb having velvety funnel-shaped yellowish or violet flowers with long tonguelike styles at the corolla throat
        subtype:  Scopolia_carniolica  herb that is a source of scopolamine
        subtype:  herb_mercury__herbs_mercury__herbsmercury__boys-and-girls__Mercurialis_annua  Eurafrican annual naturalized in America as a weed; formerly dried for use as a purgative, diuretic or antisyphilitic
        subtype:  dog's_mercury__dog'smercury__dog_mercury__dogmercury__Mercurialis_perennis  European perennial weedy plant with greenish flowers
        subtype:  spurge_nettle__tread-softly__treadsoftly__devil_nettle__devilnettle__pica-pica__Cnidoscolus_urens__Jatropha_urens__Jatropha_stimulosus  a stinging herb of tropical America
        subtype:  umbellifer__umbelliferous_plant__umbelliferousplant  any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae
           subtype:  wild_parsley  any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley
        subtype:  dill__Anethum_graveolens  aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
        subtype:  angelique__angelica  any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
           subtype:  garden_angelica__archangel__Angelica_Archangelica  a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally
           subtype:  wild_angelica__Angelica_sylvestris  European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island
        subtype:  beaked_parsley__chervil__Anthriscus_cereifolium  aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads
        subtype:  cow_parsley__cowparsley__wild_chervil__Anthriscus_sylvestris  coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America
        subtype:  wild_celery__Apium_graveolens  herb of Europe and temperate Asia
        subtype:  cultivated_celery__celery__Apium_graveolens_dulce  widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
        subtype:  knob_celery__celeriac__celery_root__root_celery__turnip-rooted_celery__Apium_graveolens_rapaceum  grown for its thickened edible aromatic root
        subtype:  astrantia__masterwort  any plant of the genus Astrantia
           subtype:  greater_masterwort__greatermasterwort__Astrantia_major  European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers
        subtype:  Carum_carvi__caraway  a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
           subtype:  whorled_caraway  a caraway with whorled leaves
        subtype:  Conopodium_denudatum__earthnut  a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts
        subtype:  coriander_plant__corianderplant__coriander__Chinese_parsley__cilantro__Coriandrum_sativum  Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley
        subtype:  cumin__Cuminum_cyminum  dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds
        subtype:  cultivated_carrot__carrot__Daucus_carota_sativa  perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical deep-orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
        subtype:  Eryngium_aquaticum__button_snakeroot  coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master
        subtype:  fennel  any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
           subtype:  Foeniculum_vulgare__common_fennel  strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning
           subtype:  Foeniculum_dulce__Florence_fennel__Foeniculum_vulgare_dulce  grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base
        subtype:  cow_parsnip__cowparsnip__hogweed__Heracleum_sphondylium  tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers
        subtype:  Levisticum_officinale__lovage  herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds
        subtype:  Myrrhis_odorata__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely  European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers
        subtype:  Pastinaca_sativa__parsnip  a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root
           subtype:  cultivated_parsnip  European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
           subtype:  wild_parsnip__madnep  biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
        subtype:  Petroselinum_crispum__parsley  annual or perennial herb with aromatic finely-cut leaves
           subtype:  Italian_parsley__flat-leaf_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_neapolitanum  a variety of parsley having flat leaves
           subtype:  Hamburg_parsley__turnip-rooted_parsley__Petroselinum_crispum_tuberosum  parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip
        subtype:  anise_plant__aniseplant__anise__Pimpinella_anisum  native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery
        subtype:  sanicle__snakeroot  a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers
           subtype:  footsteps-of-spring__Sanicula_arctopoides  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers
           subtype:  purple_sanicle__Sanicula_bipinnatifida  sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers
           subtype:  European_sanicle__Sanicula_Europaea  sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers
        subtype:  moon_carrot__stone_parsley__stoneparsley  any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage
        subtype:  stone_parsley__stoneparsley__Sison_amomum  slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean having foliage like parsley and white flowers with aromatic seeds
        subtype:  Alexander__Alexanders__black_lovage__blacklovage__horse_parsley__horseparsley__Smyrnium_olusatrum  European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
        subtype:  corn_salad  a plant of the genus Valerianella
           subtype:  common_corn_salad__lamb's_lettuce__Valerianella_olitoria__Valerianella_locusta  widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed
        subtype:  wort.herbaceous_plant  usually used in combination: `liverwort'; `milkwort'; `whorlywort'
        subtype:  peperomia  any of various plants of the genus Peperomia; grown primarily for their often succulent foliage
           subtype:  watermelon_begonia__Peperomia_argyreia__Peperomia_sandersii  grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America
        subtype:  yerba_mansa__yerbamansa__Anemopsis_californica  stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
        subtype:  asclepiad  any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
        subtype:  milkweed__silkweed  any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
           subtype:  white_milkweed__whitemilkweed__Asclepias_albicans  tall herb with leafless waxy-white stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
           subtype:  blood_flower__bloodflower__swallowwort__asclepiascurassavica  tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
           subtype:  poke_milkweed__Asclepias_exaltata  milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
           subtype:  swamp_milkweed__swampmilkweed__Asclepias_incarnata  densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
           subtype:  Mead's_milkweed__Asclepias_meadii__Asclepia_meadii  milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
           subtype:  purple_silkweed__Asclepias_purpurascens  perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
           subtype:  showy_milkweed__showymilkweed__Asclepias_speciosa  milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple-pink flowers
           subtype:  poison_milkweed__horsetail_milkweed__horsetailmilkweed__Asclepias_subverticillata  milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
           subtype:  butterfly_weed__butterflyweed__orange_milkweed__orangemilkweed__chiggerflower__pleurisy_root__tuber_root__tuberroot__Indian_paintbrush__Asclepias_tuberosa  erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
           subtype:  whorled_milkweed__whorledmilkweed__asclepiasverticillata  milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
        subtype:  stapelia__carrion_flower__carrionflower__starfish_flower  any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large evil-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
           subtype:  Stapelias_asterias  stapelia of Cape Province Africa having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas
     subtype:  halophyte  plant growing naturally in very salty soil
     subtype:  succulent  a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs
        subtype:  Hottentot_fig__Hottentot's_fig__sour_fig__Carpobrotus_edulis__Mesembryanthemum_edule  low-growing South African succulent plant having a capsular fruit containing edible pulp
        subtype:  livingstone_daisy__livingstonedaisy__Dorotheanthus_bellidiformis  low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals
        subtype:  lithops__living_stone__stoneface__stoneplant__stone_life_face__flowering_stone  any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones
        subtype:  living_granite__living_rock__stone_mimicry_plant__stonemimicryplant  highly succulent stemless clump-forming plants with gray-green leaves similar in texture to lumps of granite; South Africa
        subtype:  cactus  any spiny succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World
           subtype:  pitahaya_cactus__pitahaya__Acanthocereus_tetragonus__Acanthocereus_pentagonus  cactus of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having edible juicy fruit
           subtype:  rattail_cactus__rat's-tail_cactus__Aporocactus_flagelliformis  commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days
           subtype:  living_rock__Ariocarpus_fissuratus  usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States
           subtype:  saguaro__sahuaro__Carnegiea_gigantea  extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit
           subtype:  night-blooming_cereus  any of several cacti of the genus Cereus
           subtype:  coryphantha  a cactus of the genus Coryphantha
           subtype:  echinocactus__barrel_cactus  any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil
              subtype:  hedgehog_cactus  cactus of the genus Echinocactus having stout sharp spines
              subtype:  golden_barrel_cactus__Echinocactus_grusonii  large cactus of east central Mexico having golden to pale yellow flowers and spines
           subtype:  hedgehog_cereus  cactus of the genus Echinocereus
           subtype:  rainbow_cactus  a stout cylindrical cactus of the southwest United States and adjacent Mexico
           subtype:  epiphyllum__orchid_cactus  any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers
           subtype:  barrel_cactus  a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits
           subtype:  Easter_cactus__Hatiora_gaertneri__Schlumbergera_gaertneri  spring-blooming South American cactus with oblong joints and coral-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Schlumbergera
           subtype:  night-blooming_Hylocereus_cactus__night-blooming_cereus  any of several cacti of the genus Hylocereus
           subtype:  Lemaireocereus_chichipe__chichipe  tall treelike Mexican cactus with edible red fruit
           subtype:  mezcal__mescal__peyote__Lophophora_williamsii  a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons
           subtype:  mammillaria  any cactus of the genus Mammillaria
           subtype:  feather_ball__featherball__mammillariaplumosa  a low tuberculate cactus with white feathery spines; northeastern Mexico
           subtype:  garambulla_cactus__garambulla__Myrtillocactus_geometrizans  arborescent cactus of western Mexico bearing a small oblong edible berrylike fruit
           subtype:  Knowlton's_cactus__Pediocactus_knowltonii  small clustering cactus of southwestern United States; a threatened species
           subtype:  nopal  any of several cacti of the genus Nopalea resembling prickly pears
           subtype:  prickly_pear_cactus__prickly_pear__pricklypear  cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock
              subtype:  Opuntia_lindheimeri__nopal  cactus having yellow flowers and purple fruits
              subtype:  Opuntia_tuna__tuna  tropical American flat-jointed prickly pear; Jamaica
           subtype:  Opuntia_cholla__cholla  arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico
           subtype:  mistletoe_cactus  a plant of the genus Rhipsalis
           subtype:  Christmas_cactus__Schlumbergera_buckleyi__Schlumbergera_baridgesii  epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter
           subtype:  night-blooming_Selenicereus_cactus__night-blooming_cereus  any of several night-blooming cacti of the genus Selenicereus
              subtype:  queen_of_the_night__Selenicereus_grandiflorus  tropical American climbing cactus having triangular branches; often cultivated for its large showy night-blooming flowers followed by yellow red-streaked fruits
           subtype:  crab_cactus__Thanksgiving_cactus__Zygocactus_truncatus__Schlumbergera_truncatus  South American jointed cactus with usually red flowers; often cultivated as a houseplant; sometimes classified as genus Schlumbergera
        subtype:  aloe  succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa
           subtype:  cape_aloe__Aloe_ferox  much-branched South African plant with reddish prickly succulent leaves
           subtype:  burn_plant__Aloe_vera  very short-stemmed plant with thick leaves with soothing mucilaginous juice; leaves develop spiny margins with maturity; native to Mediterranean region; grown widely in tropics and as houseplants
     subtype:  cultivar  a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation
     subtype:  cultivated_plant  plants that are grown for their produce
     subtype:  weed  any plant that crowds out cultivated plants
        subtype:  corn_cockle__corn_campion__crown-of-the-field__Agrostemma_githago  European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America
        subtype:  knawel__knawe__Scleranthus_annuus  widely distributed low-growing Eurasian herb having narrow leaves and inconspicuous green flowers
        subtype:  corn_spurry__corn_spurrey__Spergula_arvensis  small European weed with whorled leaves and white flowers
        subtype:  sand_spurry__sea_spurry__seaspurry__Spergularia_rubra  prostrate weedy herb with tiny pink flowers; widespread throughout Europe and Asia on sand dunes and heath and coastal cliffs; naturalized in eastern North America
        subtype:  carpetweed__Indian_chickweed__Molluga_verticillata  annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America
        subtype:  alligator_weed__alligatorweed__alligatorgras__Alternanthera_philoxeroides  prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses
        subtype:  yellow_rocket__rockcress__rockcres__rocketcres__barbareavulgari__Sisymbrium_barbarea  noxious cress with yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
        subtype:  wormseed_mustard__Erysimum_cheiranthoides  slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic
        subtype:  jointed_charlock__jointedcharlock__wild_radish__wild_rape__runch__Raphanus_raphanistrum  Eurasian weed having yellow or mauve or white flowers and podlike fruits
        subtype:  pennycress  any of several plants of the genus Thlaspi
           subtype:  field_pennycress__French_weed__fanweed__pennygras__mithridate_mustard__Thlaspi_arvense  foetid Eurasian weed having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America
        subtype:  ragweed__ambrosia__bitterweed  any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma
           subtype:  common_ragweed__Ambrosia_artemisiifolia  annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally
           subtype:  great_ragweed__greatragweed__Ambrosia_trifida  a coarse annual with some leaves deeply and palmately 3-cleft or 5-cleft
           subtype:  western_ragweed__westernragweed__perennial_ragweed__perennialragweed__Ambrosia_psilostachya  coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico
        subtype:  thistle  any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves
           subtype:  welted_thistle__Carduus_crispus  European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of spiny-winged branches
           subtype:  musk_thistle__nodding_thistle__noddingthistle__Carduus_nutans  Eurasian perennial naturalized in eastern North America having very spiny white cottony foliage and nodding musky crimson flower heads; valuable source of nectar
           subtype:  carline_thistle__carlinethistle  a thistle of the genus Carlina
              subtype:  stemless_carline_thistle__Carlina_acaulis  stemless perennial having large flowers with white or purple-brown florets nestled in a rosette of long spiny leaves hairy beneath; of alpine regions of southern and eastern Europe
              subtype:  common_carline_thistle__Carlina_vulgaris  Eurasian thistle growing in sand dunes and dry chalky soils
           subtype:  plume_thistle__plumethistle__plumed_thistle  any of numerous biennial to perennial herbs with handsome purple or yellow or occasionally white flower heads
              subtype:  Canada_thistle__creeping_thistle__Cirsium_arvense  European thistle naturalized in United States and Canada where it is a pernicious weed
              subtype:  woolly_thistle__Cirsium_flodmanii  thistle of western North America having white woolly leaves
                 subtype:  European_woolly_thistle__Cirsium_eriophorum  woolly thistle of western and central Europe and Balkan Peninsula
              subtype:  brook_thistle__brookthistle__Cirsium_rivulare  of central and southwestern Europe
              subtype:  bull_thistle__boar_thistle__spear_thistle__spearthistle__Cirsium_vulgare__Cirsium_lanceolatum  European thistle with rather large heads and prickly leaves; extensively naturalized as a weed in the United States
           subtype:  field_thistle__fieldthistle__Cirsium_discolor  stout North American thistle with purplish-pink flower heads
           subtype:  melancholy_thistle__Cirsium_heterophylum__Cirsium_helenioides  perennial stoloniferous thistle of northern Europe with lanceolate basal leaves and usually solitary heads of reddish-purple flowers
           subtype:  blessed_thistle__sweet_sultan__sweetsultan__Cnicus_benedictus  annual of Mediterranean to Portugal having hairy stems and minutely spiny-toothed leaves and large heads of yellow flowers
           subtype:  cotton_thistle__woolly_thistle__Scotch_thistle__Onopordum_acanthium__Onopordon_acanthium  biennial Eurasian white hairy thistle having pale purple flowers; naturalized in North America
           subtype:  golden_thistle  any of several spiny Mediterranean herbs of the genus Scolymus having yellow flower heads
              subtype:  Spanish_oyster_plant__Scolymus_hispanicus  a golden thistle of southwestern Europe cultivated for its edible sweet roots and edible leaves and stalks; its yellow flowers are used as a substitute for saffron
        subtype:  Barnaby's_thistle__yellow_star-thistle__Centaurea_solstitialis  European weed having a winged stem and hairy leaves; adventive in the eastern United States
        subtype:  horseweed__Canadian_fleabane__fleabane__Conyza_canadensis__Erigeron_canadensis  common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron
        subtype:  Erechtites_hieracifolia__fireweed  an American weedy plant with small white or greenish flowers
        subtype:  king_devil__yellow_hawkweed__Hieracium_praealtum  European hawkweed introduced into northeastern United States; locally troublesome weeds
        subtype:  California_dandelion__cat's-ear__cat'sear__capeweed__gosmore__Hypochaeris_radicata  European weed widely naturalized in North America having yellow flower heads and leaves resembling a cat's ears
        subtype:  bastard_feverfew__bastardfeverfew__Parthenium_hysterophorus  tropical American annual weed with small radiate heads of white flowers; adventive in southern United States
        subtype:  bristly_oxtongue__bristlyoxtongue__bitterweed__bugloss__Picris_echioides  widespread European weed with spiny tongue-shaped leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
        subtype:  orange_hawkweed__Pilosella_aurantiaca__Hieracium_aurantiacum  European hawkweed having flower heads with bright orange-red rays; a troublesome weed especially as naturalized in northeastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
        subtype:  threadleaf_groundsel__Senecio_doublasii  bluish-green bushy leafy plant covered with close white wool and bearing branched clusters of yellow flower heads; southwestern United States; toxic to range livestock
        subtype:  tansy_ragwort__tansyragwort__ragwort__ragweed__benweed__Senecio_jacobaea  widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity
        subtype:  groundsel__Senecio_vulgaris  Eurasian weed with heads of small yellow flowers
        subtype:  cocklebur  any coarse weed of the genus Xanthium having spiny burrs
        subtype:  nettle  any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)
           subtype:  stinging_nettle__Urtica_dioica  perennial Eurasian nettle established in North America having broad coarsely toothed leaves with copious stinging hairs
           subtype:  Roman_nettle__Urtica_pipulifera  annual European nettle with stinging foliage and small clusters of green flowers
           subtype:  wood_nettle__Laportea_canadensis  American perennial herb found in rich woods and provided with stinging hairs; provides fibers used for textiles
           subtype:  richweed__clearweed__dead_nettle__Pilea_pumilla  a plants of the genus Pilea having drooping green flower clusters and smooth translucent stems and leaves
           subtype:  artillery_plant__artilleryplant__Pilea_microphylla  tropical American stingless nettle that discharges its pollen explosively
           subtype:  friendship_plant__panamica__panamiga__Pilea_involucrata  low stingless nettle of Central and South America having velvety brownish-green toothed leaves and clusters of small green flowers
        subtype:  tumbleweed  any plant that breaks away from its roots in autumn and is driven by the wind as a light rolling mass
        subtype:  wild_parsnip__madnep  biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
     subtype:  evergreen_plant__evergreenplant__evergreen  a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
     subtype:  deciduous_plant__deciduousplant  a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season
     subtype:  vine  weak-stemmed plant that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface
        subtype:  moonseed  plant of the family Menispermaceae having red or black fruit with crescent- or ring-shaped seeds
           subtype:  common_moonseed__Canada_moonseed__yellow_parilla__Menispermum_canadense  a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits
           subtype:  Carolina_moonseed__Cocculus_carolinus  woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits
        subtype:  clematis  any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
           subtype:  pine_hyacinth__Clematis_baldwinii__Viorna_baldwinii  erect clematis of Florida having pink to purple flowers
           subtype:  blue_jasmine__blue_jessamine__curly_clematis__marsh_clematis__Clematis_crispa  climber of southern United States having bluish-purple flowers
           subtype:  pipestem_clematis__Clematis_lasiantha  clematis of California
           subtype:  curly-heads__Clematis_ochreleuca  shrubby clematis of the eastern United States having curly foliage
           subtype:  golden_clematis__Clematis_tangutica  Chinese clematis with serrate leaves and large yellow flowers
           subtype:  scarlet_clematis__Clematis_texensis  woody vine of Texas having showy solitary nodding scarlet flowers
           subtype:  Clematis_versicolor__leather_flower__leatherflower  woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals
           subtype:  leather_flower__leatherflower__vase-fine__vase_vine__Clematis_viorna  scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals
           subtype:  virgin's_bower__old_man's_beard__devil's_darning_needle__devil'sdarningneedle__Clematis_virginiana  common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers
           subtype:  traveler's_joy__traveller's_joy__old_man's_beard__Clematis_vitalba  vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn
           subtype:  purple_clematis__purple_virgin's_bower__mountain_clematis__Clematis_verticillaris  climber of northeastern North America having waxy purplish-blue flowers
        subtype:  allamanda  a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes
           subtype:  common_allamanda__golden_trumpet__Allamanda_cathartica  vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers
        subtype:  Nepal_trumpet_flower__Easter_lily_vine__Beaumontia_grandiflora  evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers
        subtype:  star_jasmine__confederate_jasmine__confederatejasmine__Trachelospermum_jasminoides  evergreen Chinese woody climber with shiny dark green leaves and intensely fragrant white flowers
        subtype:  English_ivy__ivy__common_ivy__Hedera_helix  Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits
        subtype:  birthwort__Aristolochia_clematitis  creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America
           subtype:  Dutchman's-pipe__pipe_vine__Aristolochia_macrophylla__Aristolochia_durior  hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe
           subtype:  Virginia_snakeroot__Virginia_serpentaria__Virginia_serpentary__Aristolochia_serpentaria  birthwort of the eastern United States woodlands
        subtype:  bougainvillea  any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions
           subtype:  paper_flower__paperflower__Bougainvillea_glabra  Brazilian vine that tends to flower continuously
        subtype:  Barbados_gooseberry__Barbados-gooseberry_vine__Pereskia_aculeata  West Indian woody scrambler with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits
        subtype:  climbing_corydalis__Corydalis_claviculata__Fumaria_claviculata  annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers
        subtype:  climbing_fumitory__Allegheny_vine__Adlumia_fungosa__Fumaria_fungosa  vine with feathery leaves and white or pinkish flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
        subtype:  German_ivy__Delairea_odorata__Senecio_milkanioides  South African succulent evergreen twining climber with yellow flowers grown primarily as a houseplant for its foliage; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
        subtype:  wild_climbing_hempweed__climbing_hempweed__climbing_boneset__climbing_hemp-vine__Mikania_scandens  herb of tropical America having vanilla-scented flowers; climbs up trees
        subtype:  yam_plant__yamplant__yam  any of a number of tropical vines of the genus Dioscorea many having edible tuberous roots
           subtype:  white_yam__whiteyam__water_yam__wateryam__Dioscorea_alata  grown in Australasia and Polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh
           subtype:  cinnamon_vine__Chinese_yam__Dioscorea_batata  hardy Chinese vine naturalized in United States and cultivated as an ornamental climber for its glossy heart-shaped cinnamon-scented leaves and in the tropics for its edible tubers
           subtype:  air_potato__airpotato__dioscoreabulbifera  yam of tropical Africa and Asia cultivated for it large tubers
           subtype:  cush-cush__Dioscorea_trifida  tropical American yam with small yellow-skinned edible tubers
        subtype:  tortoise_plant__elephant's-foot__Hottentot_bread_vine__Hottentot's_bread_vine__Dioscorea_elephantipes  South African vine having a massive rootstock covered with deeply fissured bark
        subtype:  wild_yam__Dioscorea_paniculata  having a rhizome formerly dried and used to treat rheumatism or liver disorders
        subtype:  black_bryony__blackbryony__black_bindweed__blackbindweed__Tamus_communis  common European twining vine with tuberous roots and cordate leaves and red berries
        subtype:  gourd_vine__gourdvine__gourd  any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds
           subtype:  prairie_gourd_vine__prairiegourdvine__prairie_gourd__prairiegourd__Missouri_gourd__wild_pumpkin__buffalo_gourd__buffalogourd__calabazilla__cucurbitafoetidissima  perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit
           subtype:  melon_vine__melonvine__melon  any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers
              subtype:  watermelon_vine__watermelon__Citrullus_vulgaris  an African melon
              subtype:  sweet_melon_vine__sweetmelonvine__sweet_melon__muskmelon__cucumismelo  any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell
                 subtype:  cantaloupe_vine__cantaloupe__cantaloup__Cucumis_melo_cantalupensis  a variety of muskmelon vine having fruit with a tan rind and orange flesh
                 subtype:  winter_melon_vine__winter_melon__Persian_melon__honeydew_melon__Cucumis_melo_inodorus  any of a variety of muskmelon vines having fruit with a smooth white rind and white or greenish flesh that does not have a musky smell
                 subtype:  Cucumis_melo_reticulatus__net_melon__netmelon__netted_melon__nutmeg_melon  a muskmelon vine with fruit that has a thin reticulated rind and sweet green flesh
              subtype:  cucumber_vine__cucumber__Cucumis_sativus  a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit
           subtype:  squirting_cucumber__squirtingcucumber__exploding_cucumber__explodingcucumber__touch-me-not__Ecballium_elaterium  Mediterranean vine having oblong fruit that when ripe expels its seeds and juice violently when touched
           subtype:  bottle_gourd__calabash__Lagenaria_siceraria  Old World climbing plant with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits
           subtype:  balsam_apple__Momordica_balsamina__momordicabalsamina  a tropical Old World flowering vine with red or orange warty fruit
           subtype:  balsam_pear__Momordica_charantia  tropical Old World vine with yellow-orange fruit
        subtype:  squash_vine__squash  any of numerous annual tendril-bearing trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits
           subtype:  autumn_pumpkin__pumpkin__pumpkin_vine__pumpkinvine__Cucurbita_pepo  a coarse vine widely cultivated for its non-keeping large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes
           subtype:  summer_squash_vine__summer_squash__Cucurbita_pepo_melopepo  any of various usually bushy plants producing fruit that is eaten while immature and before the rind or seeds harden
              subtype:  yellow_squash.summer_squash_vine__yellowsquash  any of various squash plants grown for their yellow fruits with somewhat elongated necks
              subtype:  marrow_squash__marrow__vegetable_marrow__vegetablemarrow  any of various squash plants grown for their elongated fruit with smooth dark green skin and whitish flesh
                 subtype:  courgette__zucchini  marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small
                 subtype:  Italian_vegetable_marrow__cocozelle  squash plant having dark green fruit with skin mottled with light green or yellow
              subtype:  cymling__pattypan_squash  squash plant having flattened round fruit with a scalloped edge; usually greenish white
              subtype:  spaghetti_squash.summer_squash_vine__spaghettisquash  squash plant bearing oval fruit with smooth yellowish skin and tender stranded flesh resembling spaghetti
           subtype:  winter_squash_plant__winter_squash  any of various plants of the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata producing squashes that have hard rinds and mature in the fall
              subtype:  acorn_squash.winter_squash_plant__acornsquash  squash plant bearing small acorn-shaped fruits having yellow flesh and dark green or yellow rind with longitudinal ridges
              subtype:  hubbard_squash.winter_squash_plant__hubbardsquash__Cucurbita_maxima  any of several winter squash plants producing large grayish-green football-shaped fruit with a rough warty rind
              subtype:  Cucurbita_maxima_turbaniformis__turban_squash  squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem
                 subtype:  buttercup_squash.Cucurbita_maxima_turbaniformis__buttercupsquash  plant bearing somewhat drum-shaped fruit having dark green rind with grayish markings
              subtype:  Cucurbita_maxima__butternut_squash__butternutsquash  plant bearing buff-colored squash having somewhat bottle-shaped fruit with fine-textured edible flesh and smooth thin rind
              subtype:  winter_crookneck__winter_crookneck_squash__Cucurbita_moschata  any of various plants bearing squash having hard rinds and elongated recurved necks
              subtype:  Cucurbita_mixta__cushaw__Cucurbita_argyrosperma  plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped gray and green and white warty rinds
        subtype:  bryony__briony  a tendril-bearing vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties
           subtype:  white_bryony__whitebryony__devil-s_turnip__devilsturnip__Bryonia_alba  white-flowered vine having thick roots and bearing small black berries; Europe to Iran
           subtype:  red_bryony__redbryony__wild_hop__Bryonia_dioica  bryony having fleshy roots pale green flowers and very small red berries; Europe; North Africa; western Asia
        subtype:  luffa__dishcloth_gourd__dishclothgourd__sponge_gourd__rag_gourd__raggourd__strainer_vine  any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge
           subtype:  loofah__vegetable_sponge__vegetablesponge__Luffa_cylindrica  the bathroom loofah
           subtype:  angled_loofah__sing-kwa__Luffa_acutangula  loofah of Pakistan; widely cultivated throughout tropics
        subtype:  bower_actinidia__boweractinidia__tara_vine__Actinidia_arguta  high-climbing Asiatic vine having long finely serrate leaves and racemes of white flowers followed by greenish-yellow edible fruit
        subtype:  Chinese_gooseberry__kiwi__kiwi_vine__Actinidia_chinensis__Actinidia_deliciosa  climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat
        subtype:  silvervine__silver_vine__Actinidia_polygama  ornamental vine of eastern Asia having yellow edible fruit and leaves with silver-white markings
        subtype:  passionflower_vine__passionflowervine__passionflower  any of various chiefly tropical American vines some bearing edible fruit
           subtype:  purple_granadillo__granadilla__Passiflora_edulis  Brazilian passionflower cultivated for its deep purple fruit
           subtype:  sweet_granadilla__sweetgranadilla__Passiflora_ligularis  considered best for fruit
           subtype:  giant_granadilla__giantgranadilla__granadilla__Passiflora_quadrangularis  tropical American passionflower yielding the large granadilla fruit
           subtype:  maypop__Passiflora_incarnata  of southern United States; having an insipid berry the size of a hen egg
           subtype:  Jamaica_honeysuckle__yellow_granadilla__Passiflora_laurifolia  West Indian passionflower; cultivated for its yellow edible fruit
           subtype:  banana_passion_fruit__Passiflora_mollissima  cultivated for fruit
           subtype:  Passiflora_maliformis__sweet_calabash__sweetcalabash  West Indian passionflower with edible apple-sized fruit
           subtype:  love-in-a-mist__running_pop__runningpop__wild_water_lemon__Passiflora_foetida  tropical American passion flower with finely dissected bracts; stems malodorous when crushed
        subtype:  hops  twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes
           subtype:  common_hop__common_hops__bine__European_hop__Humulus_lupulus  European twining plant whose flowers are used chiefly to flavor malt liquors; cultivated in America
           subtype:  American_hop__Humulus_americanus  native American plant sometimes confused with the European hop
           subtype:  Japanese_hop__Humulus_japonicus  ornamental vine native to eastern Asia; cultivated for its variegated foliage
        subtype:  salsilla__Bomarea_edulis  tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America
        subtype:  Bomarea_salsilla__salsilla  tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia
        subtype:  smilax__Asparagus_asparagoides  fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration
        subtype:  sarsaparilla.vine  any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves
           subtype:  rough_bindweed__roughbindweed__Smilax_aspera  creeping or climbing evergreen having spiny zigzag stems with shiny leaves and racemes of pale-green flowers; Canary Islands to southern Europe and Ethiopia and India
        subtype:  bullbrier__greenbrier__catbrier__horsebrier__brier__briar__Smilax_rotundifolia  a very prickly woody vine of the eastern United States growing in tangled masses having tough round stems with shiny leathery leaves and small greenish flowers followed by clusters of inedible shiny black berries
        subtype:  yellow_jasmine__jellow_jessamine__Carolina_jasmine__evening_trumpet_flower__eveningtrumpetflower__Gelsemium_sempervirens  poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers
        subtype:  calabar-bean_vine__Physostigma_venenosum  tropical African woody vine yielding calabar beans
        subtype:  hog_peanut__hogpeanut__wild_peanut__Amphicarpaea_bracteata__Amphicarpa_bracteata  vine widely distributed in eastern North America producing racemes of purple to maroon flowers and abundant (usually subterranean) edible one-seeded pods resembling peanuts
        subtype:  groundnut_vine__groundnutvine__groundnut__Indian_potato__potato_bean__wild_bean__Apios_americana__Apios_tuberosa  a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans
        subtype:  jack_bean__wonder_bean__giant_stock_bean__giantstockbean__Canavalia_ensiformis  annual semi-erect bushy plant of tropical South America bearing long pods with white seeds grown especially for forage
        subtype:  sword_bean__swordbean__Canavalia_gladiata  twining tropical Old World plant bearing long pods usually with red or brown beans; long cultivated in Orient for food
        subtype:  Centrosema_virginianum__butterfly_pea__butterflypea  large-flowered weakly twining or prostrate vine of New Jersey to tropical eastern North America, sometimes cultivated for its purple and white flowers
        subtype:  butterfly_pea__butterflypea__Clitoria_mariana  large-flowered wild twining vine of southeastern and central United States having pale blue flowers
        subtype:  blue_pea__butterfly_pea__butterflypea__Clitoria_turnatea  vine of tropical Asia having pinnate leaves and bright blue yellow-centered flowers
        subtype:  derris_root__tuba_root__Derris_elliptica  woody vine having bright green leaves and racemes of rose-tinted white flowers; the swollen roots contain rotenone
        subtype:  Australian_pea__Dipogon_lignosus__Dolichos_lignosus  South African evergreen partly woody vine grown for its clusters of rosy purple flowers followed by edible pods like snap beans; also grown as green manure; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
        subtype:  Western_Australia_coral_pea__Hardenbergia_comnptoniana  vigorous climber of the forests of western Australia; grown for their dense racemes of attractive bright rose-purple flowers
        subtype:  coral_pea__coralpea  any of various Australian climbing plants of the genus Kennedia having scarlet flowers
           subtype:  coral_vine__coralvine__Kennedia_coccinea  prostrate or twining woody vine with small leathery leaves and umbels of red flowers; Australia and Tasmania
           subtype:  running_postman__runningpostman__scarlet_runner__scarletrunner__Kennedia_prostrata  hairy trailing or prostrate western Australian vine with bright scarlet-pink flowers
        subtype:  hyacinth_bean__bonavist__Indian_bean__Egyptian_bean__Lablab_purpureus__Dolichos_lablab  perennial twining vine of Old World tropics having trifoliate leaves and racemes of fragrant purple pealike flowers followed by maroon pods of edible seeds; grown as an ornamental and as a vegetable on the Indian subcontinent; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
        subtype:  vetchling  any of various small plants of the genus Lathyrus; climb usually by means of tendrils
           subtype:  black_pea__blackpea__Lathyrus_niger  perennial of Europe and North Africa; foliage turns black in drying
           subtype:  grass_vetch__grass_vetchling__grassvetchling__Lathyrus_nissolia  annual European vetch with red flowers
           subtype:  grass_pea__grasspea__Indian_pea__khesari__Lathyrus_sativus  European annual grown for forage; seeds used for food in India and for stock elsewhere
           subtype:  spring_vetchling__spring_vetch__Lathyrus_vernus  bushy European perennial having nodding racemose violet-blue flowers
        subtype:  everlasting_pea  any of several perennial vines of the genus Lathyrus
           subtype:  broad-leaved_everlasting_pea__perennial_pea__perennialpea__Lathyrus_latifolius  perennial climber of central and southern Europe having purple or pink or white flowers; naturalized in North America
           subtype:  narrow-leaved_everlasting_pea__flat_pea__Lathyrus_sylvestris  European perennial with mottled purple-pink flowers; sometimes cultivated for fodder or as green manure
        subtype:  sweet_pea__sweetpea__Lathyrus_odoratus  climbing garden plant having fragrant pastel-colored flowers
        subtype:  heath_pea__heathpea__earth-nut_pea__earthnutpea__earthnut_pea__tuberous_vetch__Lathyrus_tuberosus  European herb bearing small tubers used for food and in Scotland to flavor whiskey
        subtype:  Pachyrhizus_erosus__yam_bean__yambean  Central American twining plant with edible roots and pods; large tubers are eaten raw or cooked especially when young and young pods must be thoroughly cooked; pods and seeds also yield rotenone and oils
        subtype:  yam_bean__yambean__potato_bean__Pachyrhizus_tuberosus  twining plant of Amazon basin having large edible roots
        subtype:  winged_bean__winged_pea__goa_bean__goabean__goa_bean_vine__Manila_bean__Psophocarpus_tetragonolobus  tuberous-rooted twining annual vine bearing clusters of purplish flowers and pods with four jagged wings; Old World tropics
        subtype:  kudzu_vine__kudzuvine__kudzu__Pueraria_lobata  fast-growing East Asian vine having hairy trifoliate leaves and racemes of purple flowers followed by long many-seed hairy pods and tuberous starchy roots; grown for fodder and forage and root starch; widespread in the southern United States
        subtype:  wisteria__wistaria  any flowering vine of the genus Wisteria
           subtype:  Japanese_wistaria__Wisteria_floribunda  having flowers of pink to mauve or violet-blue
           subtype:  Chinese_wistaria__Wisteria_chinensis  having deep purple flowers
           subtype:  American_wistaria__Wisteria_frutescens  an the eastern United States native resembling the cultivated Japanese wisteria having pale purple-lilac flowers
           subtype:  silky_wisteria__silkywisteria__Wisteria_venusta  a wisteria of China having white flowers
        subtype:  silver_lace_vine__China_fleece_vine__Russian_vine__Polygonum_aubertii  twining perennial vine having racemes of fragrant greenish flowers; western China to Russia
        subtype:  partridgeberry__boxberry__twinberry__Mitchella_repens  creeping woody plant of eastern North America with shiny evergreen leaves and scarlet berries
        subtype:  soapberry_vine__soapberryvine  tendril-climbing vine
           subtype:  heartseed__cardiospermumgrandiflorum  herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa
           subtype:  balloon_vine__balloonvine__heartpea__Cardiospermum_halicacabum  woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America
        subtype:  American_bittersweet__bittersweet__climbing_bittersweet__false_bittersweet__falsebittersweet__staff_vine__staffvine__waxwork__Celastrus_scandens  twining shrub of North America having three-valved yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
        subtype:  Japanese_bittersweet__Japan_bittersweet__oriental_bittersweet__Celastrus_orbiculatus__Celastric_articulatus  ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America
        subtype:  evergreen_bittersweet__evergreenbittersweet__Euonymus_fortunei_radicans__Euonymus_radicans_vegetus  broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties
        subtype:  black-eyed_Susan_vine__black-eyed_Susan__Thunbergia_alata  tropical African climbing plant having yellow flowers with a dark purple center
        subtype:  cross_vine__crossvine__trumpet_flower__trumpetflower__quartervine__Bignonia_capreolata  woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section
        subtype:  convolvulus__convolvulu  any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus
           subtype:  Convolvulus_scammonia__scammony  twining plant of Asia Minor having cream to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin
        subtype:  bindweed  any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit
           subtype:  field_bindweed__fieldbindweed__wild_morning-glory__Convolvulus_arvensis  weakly climbing European perennial with white or pink flowers; naturalized in North America and an invasive weed
           subtype:  hedge_bindweed__hedgebindweed__wild_morning-glory__Calystegia_sepium__Convolvulus_sepium  common Eurasian and American wild climber with pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Convolvulus
        subtype:  silverweed  any of various twining shrubs of the genus Argyreia having silvery leaves and showy purple flowers
        subtype:  dodder  a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria
           subtype:  love_vine__Cuscuta_gronovii  leafless parasitic vine with dense clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers on orange-yellow stems that twine around clover or flax
        subtype:  dichondra__dichondramicrantha  a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions
        subtype:  morning_glory__morningglory  any of various twining vines having funnel-shaped flowers that close late in the day
           subtype:  Ipomoea_purpurea__common_morning_glory  pantropical annual climbing herb with funnel-shaped blue, purple, pink or white flowers
           subtype:  common_morning_glory__Ipomoea_tricolor  annual or perennial climbing herb of Central America having sky-blue flowers; most commonly cultivated morning glory
           subtype:  cypress_vine__cypressvine__star-glory__Indian_pink__Ipomoea_quamoclit__Quamoclit_pennata  tropical American annual climber having red (sometimes white) flowers and finely dissected leaves; naturalized in United States and elsewhere
           subtype:  moonflower__belle_de_nuit__Ipomoea_alba  pantropical climber having white fragrant nocturnal flowers
           subtype:  sweet_potato_vine__sweet_potato__sweetpotato__Ipomoea_batatas  pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh
           subtype:  wild_potato_vine__wild_sweet_potato_vine__man-of-the-earth__manroot__Ipomoea_panurata__Ipomoea_fastigiata  tropical American prostrate or climbing herbaceous perennial having an enormous starchy root; sometimes held to be source of the sweet potato
           subtype:  red_morning-glory__redmorningglory__staripomoea__ipomoeacoccinea  annual herb having scarlet flowers; the eastern United States
           subtype:  man-of-the-earth__Ipomoea_leptophylla  long-rooted morning glory of western United States
           subtype:  Ipomoea_orizabensis__scammony  tropical American morning glory
           subtype:  railroad_vine__beach_morning_glory__beachmorningglory__Ipomoea_pes-caprae  Prostrate perennial of coastal sand dunes Florida to Texas
           subtype:  Japanese_morning_glory__Ipomoea_nil  annual Old World tropical climbing herb distinguished by wide color range and frilled or double flowers
           subtype:  imperial_Japanese_morning_glory__Ipomoea_imperialis  hybrid from Ipomoea nil
        subtype:  ground_ivy__alehoof__field_balm__fieldbalm__gillovertheground__runaway_robin__runawayrobin__Glechoma_hederaceae__Nepeta_hederaceae  trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta
        subtype:  potato_tree__Solanum_crispum  hardy climbing shrub of Chile grown as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers; not a true potato
        subtype:  Uruguay_potato_vine__Uruguay_potato__Solanum_commersonii  South American potato vine
        subtype:  wild_potato__Solanum_jamesii  erect or spreading perennial of southwestern United States and Mexico bearing small pale brown to cream tubers resembling potatoes
        subtype:  Solanum_jasmoides__potato_vine  copiously branched vine of Brazil having deciduous leaves and white flowers tinged with blue
        subtype:  white_potato_vine__potato__white_potato__whitepotato__solanumtuberosum  annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous
        subtype:  potato_vine__giant_potato_creeper__Solanum_wendlandii  vine of Costa Rica sparsely armed with hooklike spines and having large lilac-blue flowers
        subtype:  cock's_eggs__Salpichroa_organifolia__Salpichroa_rhomboidea  weedy vine of Argentina having solitary white flowers followed by egg-shaped white or yellow fruit
        subtype:  climber.vine  a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants
           subtype:  root_climber  a plant that climbs by its adventitious roots e.g. ivy
        subtype:  liana  a woody climbing usually tropical plant
           subtype:  white_dipladenia__whitedipladenia__Mandevilla_boliviensis__Dipladenia_boliviensis  shrubby climber having glossy leaves and white funnel-shaped flowers with yellow throats
           subtype:  Chilean_jasmine__Mandevilla_laxa  woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers
           subtype:  golden_pothos__pothos__ivy_arum__ivyarum__Epipremnum_aureum__Scindapsus_aureus  evergreen liana widely cultivated for its variegated foliage
           subtype:  monstera  any plant of the genus Monstera; often grown as houseplants
              subtype:  Monstera_deliciosa__ceriman  tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor
           subtype:  philodendron  often grown as a houseplant
           subtype:  pothos  any of various tropical lianas of the genus Scindapsus
           subtype:  jade_vine__emerald_creeper__emeraldcreeper__Strongylodon_macrobotrys  vigorous Philippine evergreen twining liana; grown for spectacular festoons of green flowers that resemble lobster claws
           subtype:  cynancum  any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic
        subtype:  grapevine__grape  any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries
           subtype:  fox_grape__foxgrape__Vitis_labrusca  native grape of northeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties e.g. Concord grapes
           subtype:  muscadine__Vitis_rotundifolia  native grape of southeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties
           subtype:  Vitis_vinifera__vinifera__vinifera_grape__common_grape_vine  common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes
              subtype:  Chardonnay__chardonnay_grape  white wine grape
              subtype:  Pinot_grape__Pinot  any of several purple or white wine grapes used especially for burgundies and champagnes
                 subtype:  Pinot_noir.Pinot_grape__pinotnoir  red wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Burgundy, France
                 subtype:  Pinot_blanc.Pinot_grape__pinotblanc  white wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Chablis, France
              subtype:  Sauvignon_grape  small blue-black grape of Medoc region of France highly prized in winemaking
              subtype:  Cabernet_Sauvignon_grape  superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California
              subtype:  Sauvignon_blanc.Vitis_vinifera__sauvignonblanc  white wine grape grown in California
              subtype:  Merlot.Vitis_vinifera__merlot  black wine grape originally from the region of Bordeaux
              subtype:  Muscadet.Vitis_vinifera__muscadet  white grape grown especially in the Loire Valley in France
              subtype:  Riesling.Vitis_vinifera__riesling  white grape grown in Europe and California
              subtype:  Zinfandel  small black grape grown chiefly in California; transplanted from Europe
              subtype:  Chenin_blanc.Vitis_vinifera__cheninblanc  white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France
              subtype:  malvasia  used to make malmsey wine
              subtype:  muscat__muskat  any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes
              subtype:  Verdicchio.Vitis_vinifera__verdicchio  a variety of white wine grape grown in Italy
        subtype:  Boston_ivy__Japanese_ivy__Parthenocissus_tricuspidata  Asiatic vine with three-lobed leaves and purple berries
        subtype:  Virginia_creeper__American_ivy__woodbine__Parthenocissus_quinquefolia  common North American vine with compound leaves and bluish-black berrylike fruit
        subtype:  true_pepper__pepper_vine  any of various shrubby vines of the genus Piper
           subtype:  Madagascar_pepper__pepper__common_pepper__black_pepper__blackpepper__white_pepper__whitepepper__Piper_nigrum  climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in North Burma and Assam
           subtype:  Piper_longum__long_pepper  slender tropical climber of the eastern Himalayas
           subtype:  betel_pepper__betelpepper__betel__Piper_betel  Asian pepper plant whose dried leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians
           subtype:  cubeb_vine__cubebvine__cubeb__Java_pepper__Piper_cubeba  tropical southeast Asian shrubby vine bearing spicy berrylike fruits
        subtype:  cruel_plant__Araujia_sericofera  robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
        subtype:  hoya  any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers
           subtype:  honey_plant__honeyplant  a plant that furnishes nectar suitable for making honey
           subtype:  wax_plant__waxplant__Hoya_carnosa  succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers
        subtype:  silk_vine__Periploca_graeca  deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
        subtype:  soma__haoma__Sarcostemma_acidum  leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink
        subtype:  negro_vine__negrovine__Vincetoxicum_hirsutum__Vincetoxicum_negrum  twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers
     subtype:  creeper  any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping
     subtype:  woody_plant__woodyplant__ligneous_plant  a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
     subtype:  geophyte  a perennial plant that propagates by underground bulbs or tubers or corms
     subtype:  desert_plant__xerophyte__xerophytic_plant__xerophile__xerophilousplant  plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
     subtype:  mesophyte__mesophyticplant  land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte
     subtype:  aquatic_plant__aquaticplant__water_plant__waterplant__hydrophyte__hydrophytic_plant__hydrophyticplant  a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
     subtype:  tuberous_plant  plant growing from a tuber
     subtype:  bulbous_plant__bulbousplant  plant growing from a bulb
     subtype:  cormous_plant__cormousplant  plant growing from a corm
     subtype:  psilophyte  any plant of the order Psilophytales: a savannah plant
     subtype:  psilophyton  any plant or fossil of the genus Psilophyton
  subtype:  poisonous_plant__poisonousplant  a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism
  subtype:  air_plant__airplant__epiphyte__aerophyte__epiphytic_plant__epiphyticplant  plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it
  subtype:  rock_plant  plant that grows on or among rocks or is suitable for a rock garden
  subtype:  autophyte__autophyticplant__autotroph__autotrophic_organism__autotrophicorganism  plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances
  subtype:  myrmecophyte  plant that affords shelter or food to ants that live in symbiotic relations with it

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