#phenomenon  any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
  supertype:  process__proces__physicalsituation (sumo)  intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
  subtype:  natural_phenomenon__naturalphenomenon  all non-artificial phenomena
     subtype:  chemical_phenomenon  a natural phenomenon involving chemistry (as changes to atoms or molecules)
        subtype:  allotropy__allotropism  the phenomenon of an element existing in two or more physical forms
        subtype:  exchange  chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another
           subtype:  photochemical_exchange__photochemicalexchange  an exchange produced by the chemical action of radiant energy (especially light)
        subtype:  crystallization__crystallizing  the formation of crystals
           subtype:  efflorescence__bloom  a powdery deposit on a surface
        subtype:  valency  the phenomenon of forming chemical bonds
        subtype:  fermentation__ferment  a chemical phenomenon in which an organic molecule splits into simpler substances
        subtype:  polymorphism.chemical_phenomenon__pleomorphism  (chemistry) the existence of different kinds of crystal of the same chemical compound
           subtype:  dimorphism.polymorphism  (chemistry) the property of certain substances that enables them to exist in two distinct crystalline forms
        subtype:  state_of_matter__state  (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); "the solid state of water is called ice"
           subtype:  phase.state_of_matter__form  (physical chemistry) a distinct state of matter in a system; matter that is identical in chemical composition and physical state and separated from other material by the phase boundary: "the reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system"
              subtype:  dispersed_phase__dispersedphase__dispersed_particles__dispersedparticle  (of colloids) a substance in the colloidal state
              subtype:  dispersing_phase__dispersion_medium__dispersing_medium  (of colloids) a substance in which another is colloidally dispersed
           subtype:  liquidness__liquid__liquidity  the state in which a substance exhibits a characteristic readiness to flow with little or no tendency to disperse and relatively high incompressibility
           subtype:  solidness__solidnes  the state in which a substance has no tendency to flow under moderate stress; resists forces (such as compression) that tend to deform it; and retains an definite size and shape
           subtype:  gas.state_of_matter__ga  the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity; relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature; the ability to diffuse readily; and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container
           subtype:  plasma  (physical chemistry) the gaseous state of hot ionized material consisting of ions and electrons and present in the stars and fusion reactors: sometimes regarded as a fourth state of matter distinct from normal gasses
     subtype:  geological_phenomenon  a natural phenomenon involving the structure or composition of the earth
        subtype:  earthquake__quake__temblor__seism  shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity
           subtype:  seismic_disturbance__seismicdisturbance__shock  an instance of agitation of the earth's crust
           subtype:  earth_tremor__earthtremor__tremor__microseism  a small earthquake
              subtype:  aftershock  a tremor (or one of a series of tremors) occurring after the main shock of an earthquake
              subtype:  foreshock  a tremor preceding an earthquake
           subtype:  seaquake__submarine_earthquake__submarineearthquake  an earthquake at the sea bed
        subtype:  alluvial_fan__alluvial_cone  a fan-shaped deposit where a fast flowing stream flattens out
        subtype:  cataclysm__catastrophe  a sudden violent change in the earth's surface
        subtype:  continental_drift__continentaldrift  the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics)
        subtype:  sedimentation__deposit__alluviation  the phenomenon of sediment or gravel accumulating
           subtype:  lode__load  a deposit of valuable ore occurring within definite boundaries separating it from surrounding rocks
              subtype:  mother_lode__champion_lode  the main vein of ore in a deposit
        subtype:  inundation__flood__deluge__alluvion  the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land
           subtype:  debacle  flooding caused by a tumultuous breakup of ice in a river during the spring or summer
           subtype:  flash_flood__flashflood  a sudden local flood of great volume and short duration
              subtype:  floodhead  a wall of water rushing ahead of the flood; "we were lucky to be safe when the floodheads hit"
        subtype:  frost_heave__frost_heaving  upthrust of ground or pavement caused by the freezing of moist soil
        subtype:  volcanism  the phenomena associated with volcanic activity
     subtype:  organic_phenomenon__organicphenomenon  a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals
        subtype:  abiogenesis__abiogenesi__autogenesis__autogenesi__autogeny__spontaneous_generation__spontaneousgeneration  a hypothetical organic phenomenon by which living organisms are created from nonliving matter
        subtype:  alternation_of_generations__heterogenesis__heterogenesi__xenogenesis  the alternation of two or more different forms in the life cycle of a plant or animal
           subtype:  metagenesis__digenesis__digenesi  alternation of sexual and asexual generations
        subtype:  annual_ring__growth_ring  an annual formation of wood in plants as they grow
        subtype:  bioelectricity  electric phenomena in animals or plants
           subtype:  brainwave__brain_wave__brainwave__cortical_potential  (neurophysiology) rapid fluctuations of voltage between parts of the cerebral cortex that are detectable with an electroencephalograph
              subtype:  alpha_rhythm__alpharhythm__alpha_wave__alphawave  the normal brainwave in the electroencephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed; occurs with a frequency of 8-12 hertz
              subtype:  beta_rhythm__beta_wave  the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake and alert; occurs with a frequency between 12 and 30 hertz
              subtype:  delta_rhythm__deltarhythm__delta_wave__deltawave  the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person in deep dreamless sleep; occurs with high voltage and low frequency (1 to 4 hertz)
              subtype:  theta_rhythm__thetarhythm__theta_wave__thetawave  the normal brainwave in the encephalogram of a person who is awake but relaxed and drowsy; occurs with low frequency and low amplitude
        subtype:  circulation  the movement of blood through the heart and blood vessels
           subtype:  systemic_circulation  circulation that supplies blood to all the body except to the lungs
           subtype:  pulmonary_circulation__pulmonarycirculation  circulation of blood between the heart and the lungs
           subtype:  vitelline_circulation__vitellinecirculation  circulation of blood between the embryo and the yolk sac
        subtype:  cyclosis__streaming  the circulation of cytoplasm within a cell
        subtype:  death  the permanent end of all life functions in an organism or part of an organism; "the animal died a painful death"
           subtype:  necrobiosis__necrobiosi__cell_death  (physiology) the normal degeneration and death of living cells (as in various epithelial cells)
              subtype:  apoptosis__apoptosi__programmed_cell_death__caspase-mediated_cell_death  a type of cell death in which the cell uses specialized cellular machinery to kill itself; a cell suicide mechanism that enables metazoans to control cell number and eliminate cells that threaten the animal's survival
           subtype:  necrosis__mortification__gangrene__sphacelus  the localized death of living cells (as from infection or the interruption of blood supply)
              subtype:  myonecrosis  localized death of muscle cell fibers
           subtype:  brain_death__cerebral_death  death when respiration and other reflexes are absent; consciousness is gone; organs can be removed for transplantation before the heartbeat stops
        subtype:  decay.organic_phenomenon__decomposition  the organic phenomenon of rotting
        subtype:  dehiscence  (biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; (botany) natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores; (surgery) bursting open of a surgically closed wound
        subtype:  desquamation__peeling__shedding  loss of bits of outer skin by peeling or shedding or coming off in scales
        subtype:  exfoliation  the peeling off in flakes or scales of bark or dead skin; "exfoliation is increased by sunburn"
        subtype:  diapedesis  passage of blood cells (especially white blood cells) through intact capillary walls and into the surrounding tissue
        subtype:  facilitation.organic_phenomenon  (neurophysiology) phenomenon that occurs when two or more neural impulses that alone are not enough to trigger a response in a neuron combine to trigger an action potential
        subtype:  food_chain  (ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member
        subtype:  food_pyramid  (ecology) a hierarchy of food chains with the principle predator at the top; each level preys on the level below
        subtype:  food_web__food_cycle  (ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains
        subtype:  histocompatibility  condition in which the cells of one tissue can survive in the presence of cells of another tissue; "a successful graft or translplant requires a high degree of histocompatibility"
        subtype:  life.organic_phenomenon  the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones; "there is no life on the moon"
           subtype:  biology  characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms: "the biology of viruses"
           subtype:  aerobiosis  life sustained in the presence of air or oxygen
        subtype:  life_cycle  a series of stages through which an organism passes between recurrences of a primary stage
        subtype:  pleomorphism  (biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms
        subtype:  polymorphism  (biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
           subtype:  dimorphism  (biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
        subtype:  rejection.organic_phenomenon  (medicine) immunological response that refuses to accept substances or organisms that are recognized as foreign; "rejection of the transplanted liver"
        subtype:  greening__rejuvenation  the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored; "the annual rejuvenation of the landscape"
        subtype:  sex-linkage  an association between genes in sex chromosomes that makes some characteristics appear more frequently in one sex than in the other
     subtype:  physical_phenomenon  a natural phenomenon involving the physics of matter and energy
        subtype:  atmospheric_phenomenon__atmosphericphenomenon  a physical phenomenon associated with the atmosphere
           subtype:  cloud.atmospheric_phenomenon  a visible mass of water or ice particles suspended at a considerable altitude
              subtype:  cirrocumulus_cloud__cirrocumulus  a cloud at a high altitude consisting of a series of regularly arranged small clouds resembling ripples
              subtype:  cirrostratus_cloud__cirrostratus  a thin uniform layer of hazy cloud at high altitude
              subtype:  cirrus_cloud__cirrus  a wispy white cloud (usually of fine ice crystals) at a high altitude (4 to 8 miles)
                 subtype:  mare's_tail  a long narrow flowing cirrus cloud
              subtype:  cloud_bank__cloudbank  a layer of clouds seen from a distance
              subtype:  contrail__condensation_trail  an artificial cloud created by an aircraft; caused either by condensation due to the reduction in air pressure above the wing surface or by water vapor in the engine exhaust
              subtype:  cumulonimbus_cloud__cumulonimbus__thundercloud  a dark cloud of great vertical extent charged with electricity; associated with thunderstorms
              subtype:  cumulus_cloud__cumuluscloud__cumulus__cumulu  a globular cloud
                 subtype:  altocumulus_cloud__altocumuluscloud__altocumulus__altocumulu  a cumulus cloud at an intermediate altitude of 2 or 3 miles
              subtype:  nimbus_cloud__nimbus__rain_cloud  a dark gray cloud bearing rain
              subtype:  storm_cloud__stormcloud  a heavy dark cloud presaging rain or a storm
              subtype:  stratus_cloud__stratuscloud__stratus__stratu  a large dark low cloud
                 subtype:  altostratus_cloud__altostratuscloud__altostratus__altostratu  a stratus cloud at an intermediate altitude of 2 or 3 miles
           subtype:  air_pocket__airpocket  a local region of low pressure or descending air that causes a plane to lose height suddenly
           subtype:  aurora  an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands of light caused by charged solar particles following the earth's magnetic lines of force
              subtype:  aurora_australis__southern_lights  the aurora of the southern hemisphere
              subtype:  aurora_borealis__northern_lights  the aurora of the northern hemisphere
           subtype:  condensate__condensation  atmospheric moisture that has condensed because of cold
              subtype:  sweat  condensation of moisture on a cold surface; "the cold glasses were streaked with sweat"
              subtype:  dew  water that has condensed on a cool surface overnight from water vapor in the air; "in the morning the grass was wet with dew"
           subtype:  front.atmospheric_phenomenon  (meteorology) the atmospheric phenomenon created at the boundary between two different air masses
              subtype:  warm_front  the front of an advancing mass of warmer air
              subtype:  cold_front__polar_front__polarfront  the front of an advancing mass of colder air
                 subtype:  squall_line  a cold front along which squalls or thunderstorms are likely
              subtype:  occluded_front__occlusion  (meteorology) a composite front when colder air surrounds a mass of warm air and forces it aloft
           subtype:  greenhouse_effect  warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere; caused by atmospheric gases that allow sunshine to pass through but absorb heat that is radiated back from the warmed surface of the earth
           subtype:  inversion  the layer of air near the earth is cooler than an overlying layer
           subtype:  violent_storm__violentstorm__storm  a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightening
              subtype:  firestorm  a storm in which violent winds are drawn into the column of hot air rising over a severely bombed area
              subtype:  storm_center__stormcenter  the central area or point of lowest barometric pressure within a storm
              subtype:  northeaster__noreaster  a storm blowing from the northeast
              subtype:  hailstorm  a storm during which hail falls
              subtype:  ice_storm__icestorm__silver_storm  a storm with freezing rain that leaves everything glazed with ice
              subtype:  rainstorm  a storm with rain
                 subtype:  line_storm__equinoctial_storm__equinoctialstorm  a violent rainstorm near the time of an equinox
                 subtype:  thundershower  a short rainstorm accompanied by thunder and lightning
              subtype:  blizzard__snowstorm  a storm with widespread snowfall accompanied by strong winds
              subtype:  thunderstorm__electrical_storm__electric_storm  a storm resulting from strong rising air currents; heavy rain or hail along with thunder and lightning
              subtype:  windstorm  a storm consisting of violent winds
                 subtype:  cyclone  a violent rotating windstorm
                    subtype:  hurricane  a severe tropical cyclone usually with heavy rains and winds moving a 73-136 knots (12 on the Beaufort scale)
                    subtype:  tornado__twister  a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground
                       subtype:  waterspout.tornado  a tornado passing over water and picking up a column of water and mist
                    subtype:  typhoon  a tropical cyclone occurring in the W Pacific or Indian oceans
                 subtype:  dust_storm__sandstorm__sirocco  a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand
                 subtype:  tempest  (literary) a violent wind; "a tempest swept over the island"
                 subtype:  whirlwind  a more or less vertical column of air whirling around itself as it moves over the surface of the Earth
                    subtype:  dust_devil  a miniature whirlwind strong enough to whip dust and leaves and litter into the air
           subtype:  atmospheric_electricity__atmosphericelectricity  electrical discharges in the atmosphere
              subtype:  elves__elve  an acronym for Emissions of Light and Very low frequency perturbations due to Electromagnetic pulse Sources; extremely bright extremely short (less than a msec) electrical flashes forming a huge ring (up to 400 km diameter) in the ionosphere
              subtype:  blue_jets__jets  atmospheric discharges (lasting 10 msec) bursting from the tops of giant storm clouds in blue cones that widen as they flash upward
              subtype:  lightning  abrupt electric discharge from cloud to cloud or from cloud to earth accompanied by the emission of light
                 subtype:  forked_lightning__chain_lightning__chainlightning  a form of lightning that moves rapidly in a zigzag path with one end divided (fork-like)
                 subtype:  bolt_of_lightning__thunderbolt__bolt  a discharge of lightning accompanied by thunder
              subtype:  red_sprites__redsprite__sprites__sprite  atmospheric electricity (lasting 10 msec) appearing as globular flashes of red (pink to blood-red) light rising to heights of 60 miles (sometimes seen together with elves)
           subtype:  midnight_sun  the sun visible at midnight (inside the arctic or antarctic circles)
           subtype:  halo  a circle of light around the sun or moon
              subtype:  solar_halo__solarhalo__parhelic_circle__parhelic_ring  a luminous halo parallel to the horizon at the altitude of the sun; caused by ice crystals in the atmosphere
           subtype:  meteor_shower__meteor_stream  a transient shower of meteors when a meteor swarm enters the earth's atmosphere
           subtype:  sunrise.atmospheric_phenomenon  atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily appearance of the sun
           subtype:  sunset.atmospheric_phenomenon  atmospheric phenomena accompanying the daily disappearance of the sun
           subtype:  afterglow.atmospheric_phenomenon  a glow sometimes seen in the sky after sunset
           subtype:  weather_condition__weathercondition__weather__atmospheric_condition__atmosphericcondition  the meteorological conditions: temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation; "they were hoping for good weather"; "every day we have weather conditions and yesterday was no exception"
              subtype:  cold_weather__cold_snap__cold_wave__cold_spell  a period of unusually cold weather
                 subtype:  frost__freeze  weather cold enough to cause freezing
              subtype:  fair_weather__sunshine__temperateness__temperatenes  moderate weather; suitable for outdoor activities
              subtype:  hot_weather__hotweather__heat_wave__hot_spell__hotspell  a period of unusually hot weather
                 subtype:  scorcher  an extremely hot day
                 subtype:  sultriness  oppressively hot and humid weather
              subtype:  thaw__thawing__warming  warm weather following a freeze; snow and ice melt; "they welcomed the spring thaw"
              subtype:  precipitation__downfall  the falling to earth of rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist
                 subtype:  fine_spray  precipitation in very small drops
                 subtype:  hail  precipitation of ice pellets when there are strong rising air currents
                 subtype:  rainfall__rain  water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere
                    subtype:  monsoon.wind  any wind that changes direction with the seasons
                    subtype:  rainstorm  a storm with rain
                    subtype:  downpour__cloudburst__deluge__waterspout__torrent__soaker  a heavy rain
                    subtype:  drizzle  very light rain; stronger than mist but less than a shower
                    subtype:  rain_shower__shower  a brief period of precipitation; "the game was interrupted by a brief shower"
                       subtype:  scattering.rain_shower__sprinkle__sprinkling  a light shower that falls in some locations and not others nearby
                 subtype:  sleet  partially melted snow (or a mixture of rain and snow)
                 subtype:  snowfall__snow  precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals
                    subtype:  snow_flurry__flurry  a light brief snowfall and gust of wind (or something resembling that); "he had to close the window against the flurries"; "there was a flurry of chicken feathers"
                    subtype:  whiteout  an arctic atmospheric condition with clouds over snow produce a uniform whiteness and objects are difficult to see; occurs when the light reflected off the snow equals the light coming through the clouds
                 subtype:  virga  light wispy precipitation that evaporates before it reaches the ground (especially when the lower air is low in humidity)
              subtype:  elements  violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements); "they felt the full fury of the elements"
              subtype:  wind  air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; "trees bent under the fierce winds"; "when there is no wind, row"
                 subtype:  airstream  a relatively well-defined prevailing wind
                    subtype:  jet_stream__jetstream  a high-speed high-altitude airstream blowing from west to east near the top of the troposphere; has important effects of the formation of weather fronts
                 subtype:  calm_air  wind moving at less than 1 knot; 0 on the Beaufort scale
                 subtype:  zephyr__breeze__gentle_wind__air  a slight wind (usually refreshing); "the breeze was cooled by the lake"; "as he waited he could feel the air on his neck"
                    subtype:  sea_breeze__seabreeze  a cooling breeze from the sea (during the daytime)
                    subtype:  breath.zephyr  a slight movement of the air; "there wasn't a breath of air in the room"
                    subtype:  light_air__lightair  wind moving 1-3 knots; 1 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  light_breeze__lightbreeze  wind moving 4-7 knots; 2 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  gentle_breeze  wind moving 8-12 knots; 3 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  moderate_breeze  wind moving 13-18 knots; 4 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  fresh_breeze__freshbreeze  wind moving 19-24 knots; 5 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  strong_breeze  wind moving 25-31 knots; 6 on the Beaufort scale
                 subtype:  chinook_wind__chinookwind__chinook__snoweater  a warm dry wind blowing down the E slopes of the Rockies
                 subtype:  harmattan  a dusty wind from the Sahara that blows toward the W coast of Africa during the winter
                 subtype:  crosswind  wind blowing across the path or a ship or aircraft
                 subtype:  fohn__foehn  a warm dry wind that blows down the northern slopes of the Alps
                 subtype:  Santa_Ana.wind__santaana  a strong hot dry wind that blows in winter from the deserts of southern California toward the Pacific Coast
                 subtype:  high_wind  a very strong wind; "rain and high winds covered the region"
                 subtype:  headwind  wind blowing opposite to the path of a ship or aircraft
                 subtype:  tailwind  wind blowing in the same direction as the path of a ship or aircraft
                 subtype:  the_doldrums__doldrums  a belt of calms and light winds between the northern and southern trade winds of the Atlantic and Pacific
                 subtype:  east_wind__easter__easterly  a wind from the east
                    subtype:  levanter  an easterly wind in the western Mediterranean area
                 subtype:  northwest_wind__northwestwind__northwester  a wind from the northwest
                 subtype:  southwester__sou'wester  a strong wind from the southwest
                 subtype:  southeaster__sou'easter  a strong wind from the southeast
                 subtype:  gale  a strong wind moving 45-90 knots; force 7 to 10 on Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  moderate_gale__near_gale  wind moving 32-38 knots; 7 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  fresh_gale__freshgale  wind moving 39-46 knots; 8 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  strong_gale  wind moving 47-54 knots; 9 on the Beaufort scale
                    subtype:  whole_gale__wholegale  wind moving 55-63 knots; 10 on the Beaufort scale
                 subtype:  gust__blast__blow  a strong current of air; "the tree was bent almost double by the gust"
                    subtype:  bluster.gust  a violent gusty wind
                    subtype:  sandblast  a blast of wind laden with sand
                    subtype:  puff_of_air__puff__whiff  a short light gust of air
                 subtype:  monsoon  a seasonal wind in S Asia; blows from the SW (bringing rain) in summer and from the NE in winter
                 subtype:  monsoon.wind  any wind that changes direction with the seasons
                 subtype:  north_wind__northwind__norther__boreas  a wind from the north
                    subtype:  bise__bize  a dry cold north wind in SE France
                    subtype:  mistral  a strong north wind that blows in France during the winter
                    subtype:  tramontane__tramontana  a cold dry wind that blows south out of the mountains into Italy and the western Mediterranean
                 subtype:  prevailing_wind  the predominant wind direction; "the prevailing wind is from the southwest"
                    subtype:  antitrades  wind in the upper atmosphere blowing above but in the opposite direction from the trade winds
                    subtype:  trade_wind__tradewind__trade  steady winds blowing from east to west above and below the equator; "they rode the trade winds going west"
                    subtype:  antitrade_wind__antitradewind__antitrade  winds blowing from west to east and lying above the trade winds in the tropics
                 subtype:  simoom__simoon__samiel  a violent hot sand-laden wind on the deserts of Arabia and North Africa
                 subtype:  south_wind__southwind__souther__southerly  a wind from the south
                 subtype:  squall  sudden violent winds; often accompanied by precipitation
                    subtype:  line_squall  a squall advancing along a front that forms a definite line
                 subtype:  air_current__aircurrent__draft__draught  a current of air (usually coming into a room or vehicle)
                    subtype:  thermal  rising current of warm air
                    subtype:  updraft  an strong upward air current
                    subtype:  downdraft  a strong downward air current
                 subtype:  west_wind__wester  wind that blows from west to east
                    subtype:  prevailing_westerly__westerly  the west-to-east winds that occur in the temperate zones of the Earth
              subtype:  atmospheric_state__atmosphericstate__atmosphere  the weather or climate at some place; "the atmosphere was thick with fog"
                 subtype:  air_mass  a large body of air with uniform characteristics horizontally
                    subtype:  high_pressure__high  an air mass of higher than normal pressure; "the east coast benefits from a Bermuda high"
                    subtype:  low_pressure__lowpressure__low__depression  an air mass of lower pressure; often brings precipitation; "a low moved in over night bringing sleet and snow"
                 subtype:  anticyclone  (meteorology) winds spiraling outward from a high-pressure center; circling clockwise in the northern hemisphere and counter-clockwise in the southern
                 subtype:  cyclone.atmospheric_state  (meteorology) rapid inward circulation of air masses about a low-pressure center; circling counterclockwise in the northern hemisphere and clockwise in the southern
                 subtype:  fogginess__foggines__murk__murkiness  an atmosphere in which visibility is reduced because of a cloud of some substance
                    subtype:  fug  (British informal) an airless smoky smelly atmosphere
              subtype:  good_weather  weather suitable for outdoor activities
                 subtype:  calmness.good_weather  an absence of strong winds or rain
                    subtype:  stillness__stillnes__windlessnes  calmness without winds
                    subtype:  lull__quiet  a period of calm weather; "there was a lull in the storm"
                 subtype:  mildness__clemency  good weather with comfortable temperatures
              subtype:  bad_weather__inclemency__inclementness__inclementnes  weather unsuitable for outdoor activities
                 subtype:  raw_weather__rawweather  unpleasantly cold and damp weather
                 subtype:  storminess  the state of being stormy; "he dreaded the storminess of the North Atlantic in winter"
                    subtype:  boisterousness.storminess  a turbulent and stormy state of the sea
                    subtype:  windiness__windines__breezines  a mildly windy state of the air
                    subtype:  tempestuousness__tempestuousnes  a state of wild storminess
                    subtype:  choppiness__roughness__roughnes__roughwater  used of the sea
                 subtype:  cloud_cover__cloudcover__cloudiness__overcast  the state of the sky when it is covered by clouds
                 subtype:  turbulence  instability in the atmosphere
                    subtype:  clear-air_turbulence__clearairturbulence  strong turbulence in an otherwise cloudless region that subjects aircraft to violent updrafts or downdrafts
        subtype:  boundary_layer  the layer of slower flow of a fluid past a surface
        subtype:  chaos__chao  the formless and disordered state of matter before the creation of the cosmos
        subtype:  decalescence  phenomenon that occurs when a metal is being heated and there is a sudden slowing in the rate of temperature increase; slowing is caused by a change in the internal crystal structure of the metal
        subtype:  electrical_phenomenon  a physical phenomenon involving electricity
           subtype:  amperage  the strength of a electrical current measured in amperes
           subtype:  capacitance__electrical_capacity__capacity  an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored
           subtype:  electrical_elastance__elastance  the reciprocal of capacitance
           subtype:  electric_charge__charge  the quantity of unbalanced electricity in a body (either positive or negative) and construed as an excess or deficiency of electrons; "the battery needed a fresh charge"
              subtype:  electrostatic_charge__electrostaticcharge  the electric charge at rest on the surface of an insulated body (which establishes and adjacent electrostatic field)
              subtype:  positive_charge  having a deficiency of electrons; having a higher electric potential
              subtype:  negative_charge  having a surplus of electrons; having a lower electric potential
           subtype:  pyroelectricity  generation of an electric charge on certain crystals (such as tourmaline) as a result of a change in temperature
           subtype:  electric_current__current  a flow of electricity through a conductor; "the current was measured in amperes"
              subtype:  thermionic_current  an electric current produced between two electrodes as a result of electrons emitted by thermionic emission
           subtype:  dielectric_heating  heating of an insulator by a high-frequency electric field
           subtype:  induction.electrical_phenomenon  an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current
              subtype:  electromagnetic_mutual_induction__mutual_induction  generation of electromotive forces in each other by two adjacent circuits
              subtype:  self-induction  generation of an electromotive force (EMF) in a circuit by changing the current in that circuit; usually measured in henries
           subtype:  electric_potential__potential__potential_difference__potentialdifference__potential_drop__potentialdrop__voltage  the difference in electrical charge between two points in a circuit expressed in volts
              subtype:  evoked_potential  the electrical response of the central nervous system produced by an external stimulus; "he measured evoked potentials with an electroencephalogram"
              subtype:  resting_potential__restingpotential  the potential difference between the two sides of the membrane of a nerve cell when the cell is not conducting an impulse
           subtype:  conductance  a material's capacity to conduct electricity; measured as the reciprocal of electrical resistance
           subtype:  electric_resistance__electrical_resistance__impedance__resistance__resistivity__ohmic_resistance__ohmicresistance  a material's opposition to the flow of electric current; measured in ohms
              subtype:  ohmage  the ohmic resistance of a conductor
           subtype:  reactance  opposition to the flow of electric current resulting from inductance and capacitance (rather than resistance)
           subtype:  reluctance  (physics) opposition to magnetic flux (analogous to electric resistance)
           subtype:  skin_effect  the tendency of high-frequency alternating current to distribute near the surface of a conductor
           subtype:  electrical_disturbance  electrical signals produced by unwanted sources (atmospherics or receiver noise or unwanted transmitters)
           subtype:  voltage__electromotiveforce__emf  the rate at which energy is drawn from a source that produces a flow of electricity in a circuit; expressed in volts
        subtype:  electricity  a physical phenomenon associated with stationary or moving electrons and protons
           subtype:  galvanism  electricity produced by chemical action
           subtype:  hydroelectricity  electricity produced by water power
           subtype:  piezoelectricity__piezoelectric_effect__piezoelectriceffect__piezo_effect__piezoeffect  electricity produced by mechanical pressure on certain crystals (notably quartz or Rochelle salt); alternatively, electrostatic stress produces a change in the linear dimensions of the crystal
           subtype:  static_electricity  electricity produced by friction
           subtype:  dynamic_electricity__dynamicelectricity__current_electricity__currentelectricity  a flow of electric charge
           subtype:  thermoelectricity  electricity produced by heat (as in a thermocouple)
        subtype:  energy  (physics) the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs; "energy can take a wide variety of forms"
           subtype:  activation_energy  the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur
           subtype:  alternative_energy__alternativeenergy  energy derived from sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment
              subtype:  solar_energy__solarenergy__solar_power__solarpower  energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy; "the amount of energy falling on the earth is given by the solar constant, but very little use has been made of solar energy"
              subtype:  wind_generation__wind_power  power derived from the wind (as by windmills)
           subtype:  atomic_energy__nuclear_energy__nuclearenergy  the energy released by a nuclear reaction
              subtype:  atomic_power__nuclear_power__nuclearpower  nuclear energy regarded as a source of electricity for the power grid (for civilian use)
           subtype:  binding_energy__bindingenergy__separation_energy  the energy required to separate particles from a molecule or atom or nucleus; equals the mass defect
           subtype:  chemical_energy__chemicalenergy  that part of the energy in a substance that can be released by a chemical reaction
           subtype:  electrical_energy__electricity  energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor; "they built a car that runs on electricity"
              subtype:  alternating_current__alternatingcurrent__AC  an electric current that reverses direction sinusoidally; "In the US most household current is AC at 60 cycles per second"
              subtype:  direct_current__DC  an electric current that flows in one direction steadily
              subtype:  signal.electrical_energy  an electric quantity (voltage or current or field strength) whose modulation represents coded information about the source from which it comes
           subtype:  energy_level__energy_state  a definite stable energy that a physical system can have; used especially of the state of electrons in atoms or molecules; "according to quantum theory only certain energy levels are possible"
           subtype:  rest_energy  the energy equivalent to the mass of a particle at rest in an inertial frame of reference; equal to the rest mass times the square of the speed of light
           subtype:  work.energy  (physics) a manifestation of energy; the transfer of energy from one physical system to another expressed as the product of a force and the distance through which it moves a body in the direction of that force; "work equals force times distance"
           subtype:  heat_energy__heat  a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
              subtype:  heat_of_dissociation  the heat required for a fluid substance to break up into simpler constituents
              subtype:  heat_of_formation  the heat evolved or absorbed during the formation of one mole of a substance from its component elements
              subtype:  heat_of_solution  the heat evolved or absorbed when one mole of a substance is dissolved in a large volume of a solvent
              subtype:  latent_heat__heat_of_transformation  heat absorbed or radiated during a change of phase at a constant temperature and pressure
                 subtype:  heat_of_condensation  heat liberated by a unit mass of gas at its boiling point as it condenses into a liquid; "the heat of condensation is equal to the heat of vaporization"
                 subtype:  heat_of_fusion  heat absorbed by a unit mass of a solid at its melting point in order to convert the solid into a liquid at the same temperature; "the heat of fusion is equal to the heat of solidification"
                 subtype:  heat_of_solidification  heat liberated by a unit mass of liquid at its freezing point when it solidifies
                 subtype:  heat_of_sublimation  heat absorbed by a unit mass of material when it changes from a solid to a gaseous state
                 subtype:  heat_of_vaporization__heat_of_vaporisation  heat absorbed by a unit mass of a material at its boiling point in order to convert the material into a gas at the same temperature
              subtype:  specific_heat  the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree centigrade
           subtype:  mechanical_energy  energy in a mechanical form
              subtype:  kinetic_energy__kineticenergy__K.E.  the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its motion
              subtype:  potential_energy__potentialenergy__P.E.  the mechanical energy that a body has by virtue of its position; stored energy
                 subtype:  elastic_energy__elasticenergy__elastic_potential_energy__elasticpotentialenergy  potential energy that is stored when a body is deformed (as in a coiled spring)
           subtype:  radiant_energy__radiantenergy  energy that is transmitted in the form of (electromagnetic) radiation; energy that exists in the absence of matter
              subtype:  luminous_energy  the energy associated with visible light
        subtype:  power  (physics) the rate of doing work; measured in watts (= joules/second)
           subtype:  electrical_power__electric_power__wattage  the product of voltage and current
              subtype:  load.electrical_power  the power output of a generator or power plant
           subtype:  waterpower  the power to do work that is latent in a head of water
        subtype:  ectropy  the opposite of entropy: increasing order (as resulting from growth and development)
        subtype:  entropy  (thermodynamics) a measure of the amount of energy in a system that is available for doing work; entropy increases as matter and energy in the universe degrade to an ultimate state of inert uniformity
           subtype:  conformational_entropy  entropy calculated from the probability that a state could be reached by chance alone
        subtype:  event.physical_phenomenon  (relativity theory) a phenomenon located at a single point in space-time; the fundamental observational entity in relativity theory
        subtype:  field_of_force__field__force_field__forcefield  the space around a radiating body within which its electromagnetic oscillations can exert force on another similar body not in contact with it
           subtype:  electric_field  a field of force surrounding a charged particle
              subtype:  electrostatic_field__electrostaticfield  electric field associated with static electric charges
           subtype:  gravitational_field__gravitationalfield  a field of force surrounding a body of finite mass
           subtype:  magnetic_field__magnetic_flux__flux  the lines of force surrounding a permanent magnet or a moving charged particle
              subtype:  magnetosphere  the magnetic field of a planet; the volume around the planet in which charged particles are subject more to the planet's magnetic field than to the solar magnetic field
              subtype:  solar_magnetic_field  the magnetic field of the sun
           subtype:  radiation_field__radiationfield  a field that represents the energy lost from the radiator to space
        subtype:  force  the physical influence that produces a change in a physical quantity; "force equals mass times acceleration"
           subtype:  aerodynamic_force__aerodynamicforce  forces acting on airfoils in motion relative to the air (or other gaseous fluids)
              subtype:  aerodynamic_lift__aerodynamiclift__lift  the component of the aerodynamic forces acting on an airfoil that opposes gravity
                 subtype:  ground_effect  apparent increase in aerodynamic lift experienced by an aircraft flying close to the ground
           subtype:  chemical_attraction__affinity  the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule: "basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk"
           subtype:  attractive_force__attraction  the force by which one object attracts another
              subtype:  affinity  (immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody
              subtype:  chemical_bond__bond  an electrical force linking atoms
                 subtype:  covalent_bond  a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
                    subtype:  coordinate_bond__dative_bond  a covalent bond in which both electrons are provided by one of the atoms
                 subtype:  cross-link__crosslink__crosslinkage  a side bond that links two adjacent chains of atoms in a complex molecule
                 subtype:  hydrogen_bond  a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond
                 subtype:  ionic_bond__ionicbond__electrovalent_bond__electrovalentbond__electrostatic_bond__electrostaticbond  a chemical bond in which one atom loses an electron to form a positive ion and the other atom gains to electron to form a negative ion
                 subtype:  metallic_bond  a chemical bond in which electrons are shared over many nuclei and electronic conduction occurs
                 subtype:  peptide_bond__peptidebond__peptide_linkage__peptidelinkage  the primary linkage of all protein structures; the chemical bond between the carboxyl groups and amino groups that unites a peptide
              subtype:  gravity__gravitation__gravitational_attraction__gravitationalattraction__gravitational_force__gravitationalforce  the force of attraction between all masses in the universe; especially the attraction of the earth's mass for bodies near its surface; "gravitation cannot be held responsible for people falling in love"--Albert Einstein
                 subtype:  solar_gravity__solargravity  the gravity of the sun; "solar gravity creates extreme pressures and temperatures"
              subtype:  magnetism__magnetic_attraction__magnetic_force  attraction for iron; associated with electric currents as well as magnets; characterized by fields of force
                 subtype:  electromagnetism  magnetism produced by an electric current; "electromagnetism was discovered when it was observed that a copper wire carrying an electric current can magnetize pieces of iron or steel near it"
                 subtype:  antiferromagnetism  magnetic field creates parallel but opposing spins; varies with temperature
                    subtype:  ferrimagnetism  a phenomenon in ferrites where there can be incomplete cancellation of antiferromagnetic arranged spins giving a net magnetic moment
                 subtype:  diamagnetism  phenomenon exhibited by materials like copper or bismuth that become magnetized in a magnetic field with a polarity opposite to the magnetic force; unlike iron they are slightly repelled by a magnet
                 subtype:  ferromagnetism  phenomenon exhibited by materials like iron (nickel or cobalt) that become magnetized in a magnetic field and retain their magnetism when the field is removed
                 subtype:  paramagnetism  materials like aluminum or platinum become magnetized in a magnetic field but it disappears when the field is removed
              subtype:  van_der_Waal's_forces  relatively weak attraction between neutral atoms and molecules arising from polarization induced in each particle by the presence of other particles
           subtype:  repulsive_force__repulsiveforce__repulsion  the force by which bodies repel one another
           subtype:  centrifugal_force__centrifugalforce  the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body
           subtype:  centripetal_force__centripetalforce  the inward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body
           subtype:  cohesion  (physics) the intermolecular force that holds together the molecules in a solid or liquid
           subtype:  Coriolis_force  a force due to the earth's rotation; acts on a body in motion (airplane or projectile) in a rotating reference frame; in a rotating frame of reference Newton's second law of motion can be made to apply if in addition to the real forces acting on a body a Coriolis force and a centrifugal force are introduced
           subtype:  impetus__impetu__drift__impulsion  a force that moves something along
           subtype:  Lorentz_force  the force experienced by a point charge moving along a wire that is in a magnetic field; the force is at right angles to both the current and the magnetic field; "the Lorentz force can be used to suspend a current-carrying object between two magnets"
           subtype:  moment.force  the moment of a couple is the product of its force and the distance between its opposing forces
              subtype:  dipole_moment  the moment of a dipole
                 subtype:  electric_dipole_moment  the dipole moment in an electric dipole
                 subtype:  magnetic_dipole_moment  (physics) a current loop gives rise to a magnetic field characteristic of a magnetic dipole; "An orbiting electron in an atom will have a magnetic dipole moment"
           subtype:  propulsion  a propelling force
              subtype:  nuclear_propulsion__nuclearpropulsion  the use of a nuclear reactor either to produce electricity to power an engine (as in a nuclear submarine) or to directly heat a propellant (as in nuclear rockets)
              subtype:  reaction_propulsion  propulsion that results from the ejection at high velocity of a mass of gas to which the vehicle reacts with an equal and opposite momentum
                 subtype:  jet_propulsion__jetpropulsion  propulsion by means of the discharge of a jet of fluid toward the rear
                 subtype:  rocket_propulsion  reaction propulsion using stored oxygen for combustion; used where there is insufficient atmospheric oxygen
           subtype:  pull.force  the force used in pulling; "the pull of the moon"; "the pull of the current"
           subtype:  push.force__thrust  the force used in pushing; "the push of the water on the walls of the tank"; "the thrust of the jet engines"
           subtype:  reaction.force  (mechanics) the equal and opposite force that is produced when any force is applied to a body; "every action has an equal and opposite reaction"
           subtype:  stress  (physics) force that produces strain on a physical body
              subtype:  tension.stress  (physics) a stress that produces an elongation of an elastic physical body; "the direction of maximum tension moves asymptotically toward the direction of the shear"
              subtype:  breaking_point  the degree of tension or stress at which something breaks
           subtype:  torsion__torque  a twisting force
              subtype:  magnetic_moment__moment_of_a_magnet  the torque exerted on a magnet or dipole when it is placed in a magnetic field
           subtype:  magnetomotive_force  the force that produces magnetic flux
           subtype:  life_force__vital_force__vitalforce__vitality__elan_vital  (biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms
        subtype:  hysteresis  the lagging of an effect behind its cause; especially the phenomenon in which the magnetic induction of a ferromagnetic material lags behind the changing magnetic field
        subtype:  resonance  an excited state of a stable particle causing a sharp maximum in the probability of absorption of electromagnetic radiation
           subtype:  nuclear_resonance__nuclearresonance  the resonance absorption of a gamma ray by a nucleus identical to the nucleus that emitted the gamma ray
           subtype:  magnetic_resonance  resonance of electrons or atoms or molecules or nuclei to radiation frequencies as a result of space quantization in a magnetic field
              subtype:  nuclear_magnetic_resonance__NMR__proton_magnetic_resonance  resonance of protons to radiation in a magnetic field
        subtype:  mechanical_phenomenon  a physical phenomenon associated with the equilibrium or motion of objects
           subtype:  inertia  (physics) the tendency of a body to maintain is state of rest or uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force
              subtype:  moment_of_inertia  the tendency of a body to resist angular acceleration
           subtype:  leverage.mechanical_phenomenon__purchase  the mechanical advantage gained by being in a position to use a lever
           subtype:  sound.mechanical_phenomenon  mechanical vibrations transmitted by an elastic medium; "falling trees make a sound in the forest even when no one is there to hear them"
              subtype:  ultrasound  very high frequency sound; used in ultrasonography
              subtype:  sound_unit__soundunit  any acoustic unit of measurement
                 subtype:  bel__B  a logarithmic unit of sound intensity equal to 10 decibels
                 subtype:  decibel__dB__db__db  a logarithmic unit of sound intensity; 10 times the logarithm of the ratio of the sound intensity to some reference intensity
                 subtype:  sone  a unit of perceived loudness equal to the loudness of a 1000-hertz tone at 40 dB above threshold
                 subtype:  phon  a unit of subjective loudness
           subtype:  trajectory__flight  the path followed by an object moving through space
              subtype:  ballistic_trajectory__ballistictrajectory__ballistics  the trajectory of an object in free flight
              subtype:  gravity-assist__gravityassist  (spaceflight) a trajectory that passes close to a planetary body in order to gain energy from its gravitational field
           subtype:  resistance.mechanical_phenomenon  any mechanical force that tends to retard or oppose motion
              subtype:  friction__rubbing  the resistance encountered when one body is moved in contact with another
                 subtype:  abrasion__grinding__attrition__detrition  the wearing down of rock particles by friction due to water or wind or ice
                 subtype:  adhesive_friction__grip__traction  the friction between a body and the surface on which it moves (as between an automobile tire and the road)
              subtype:  acoustic_resistance__acoustic_impedance__acoustic_reactance  opposition to the flow of sound through a surface; acoustic resistance is the real component of acoustic impedance and acoustic reactance is the imaginary component
              subtype:  retarding_force__retardingforce__drag  the phenomenon of resistance to motion through a fluid
                 subtype:  sonic_barrier__sonicbarrier__sound_barrier__soundbarrier  the increase in aerodynamic drag as an airplane approaches the speed of sound
                 subtype:  windage.retarding_force  the retarding force of air friction on a moving object
        subtype:  opacity  the phenomenon of not permitting the passage of electromagnetic radiation
           subtype:  optical_opacity__opticalopacity  opacity to light
           subtype:  radiopacity__radio-opacity__radioopacity  opacity to X-rays or other radiation
        subtype:  optical_phenomenon__opticalphenomenon  a physical phenomenon related to or involving light
           subtype:  optical_aberration__opticalaberration__aberration__distortion  an optical phenomenon resulting from the failure of a lens or mirror to produce a good image
              subtype:  chromatic_aberration__chromaticaberration  an optical aberration in which the image has colored fringes
              subtype:  spherical_aberration__sphericalaberration  a optical aberration resulting in a distorted image
           subtype:  absorption_band  a dark band in the spectrum of white light that has been transmitted through a substance that exhibits absorption at selective wavelengths
           subtype:  diffraction  when light passes sharp edges or goes through narrow slits the rays are deflected and produce fringes of light and dark bands
              subtype:  X-ray_diffraction  the scattering of X rays by the atoms of a crystal; the diffraction pattern shows structure of the crystal
           subtype:  incidence  the striking of a light beam on a surface; "he measured the angle of incidence of the reflected light"
           subtype:  optical_illusion__opticalillusion  an optical phenomenon that results in a false or deceptive visual impression
              subtype:  apparent_motion__motion__apparent_movement__movement  an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving object; "the cinema relies on apparent motion"; "the succession of flashing lights gave an illusion of movement"
              subtype:  mirage.optical_illusion  an optical illusion in which atmospheric refraction by a layer of hot air distorts or inverts reflections of distant objects
                 subtype:  fata_morgana  a mirage in the Strait of Messina (attributed to the Arthurian sorcerer Morgan le Fay)
           subtype:  pleochroism  the phenomenon of different colors appearing when certain crystals are viewed from different directions
              subtype:  dichroism  pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits two different colors when viewed from two different directions
              subtype:  trichroism  pleochroism of a crystal so that it exhibits three different colors when viewed from three different directions
           subtype:  polarization__polarisation  the phenomenon in which waves of light or other radiation are restricted in direction of vibration
           subtype:  parallax  the apparent displacement of an object as seen from two different points that are not on a line with the object
              subtype:  heliocentric_parallax__annual_parallax  the parallax of a celestial body using two points in the earth's orbit around the sun as the baseline
                 subtype:  stellar_parallax__stellarparallax  the heliocentric parallax of a star
              subtype:  geocentric_parallax__diurnal_parallax__diurnalparallax  the parallax of a celestial body using two points on the surface of the earth as the earth rotates
                 subtype:  horizontal_parallax  the maximum parallax observed when the celestial body is at the horizon
                 subtype:  solar_parallax__solarparallax  the angle subtended by the mean equatorial radius of the Earth at a distance of one astronomical unit
           subtype:  Tyndall_effect  the phenomenon in which light is scattered by very small particles in its path; it makes a beam of light visible; the scattered light is mainly blue
        subtype:  pressure_level__pressure__force_per_unit_area  the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit); "the compressed gas exerts an increased pressure"
           subtype:  blood_pressure__bloodpressure  the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels; results from the systole of the left ventricle of the heart; sometimes measured for a quick evaluation of a person's health; "adult blood pressure is considered normal at 120/80 where the first number is the systolic pressure and the second is the diastolic pressure"
              subtype:  systolic_pressure  the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart
              subtype:  diastolic_pressure__diastolicpressure  the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood
              subtype:  arterial_pressure  the pressure of the circulating blood on the arteries; "arterial pressure is the product of cardiac output and vascular resistance"
              subtype:  venous_pressure  the pressure exerted on the walls of the veins by the circulating blood
           subtype:  gas_pressure__gaspressure  the pressure exerted by a gas
              subtype:  atmospheric_pressure__atmosphericpressure__air_pressure__airpressure  the pressure exerted by the atmosphere
                 subtype:  compartment_pressure__compartmentpressure  the air pressure maintained in the air-tight compartment of an aircraft
                 subtype:  barometric_pressure  atmospheric pressure as indicated by a barometer
           subtype:  head.pressure_level  the pressure exerted by a fluid; "a head of steam"
           subtype:  hydrostatic_head__hydrostatichead  the pressure at a given point in a liquid measured in terms of the vertical height of a column of the liquid needed to produce the same pressure
           subtype:  intraocular_pressure__intraocularpressure  pressure inside the eyeball;regulated by resistance to the outward flow of aqueous humor; "glaucoma results from increased intraocular pressure"
           subtype:  oil_pressure__oilpressure  pressure that keeps oil on the moving parts of an internal-combustion engine
           subtype:  osmotic_pressure__osmoticpressure  (physical chemistry) the pressure exerted by a solution necessary to prevent osmosis into that solution when it is separated from the pure solvent by a semipermeable membrane
           subtype:  corpuscular-radiation_pressure__corpuscularradiationpressure__radiation_pressure__radiationpressure  the minute pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a wave
              subtype:  acoustic_radiation_pressure  (acoustics) the pressure exerted on a surface normal to the direction of propagation of a sound wave
           subtype:  instantaneous_sound_pressure__instantaneoussoundpressure__sound_pressure__soundpressure  the difference between the instantaneous pressure at a point in a sound field and the average pressure at that point
           subtype:  suction  a force over an area produced by a pressure difference
           subtype:  vapor_pressure__vaporpressure__vapour_pressure  the pressure exerted by a vapor; often understood to mean saturated vapor pressure (the vapor pressure of a vapor in contact with its liquid form)
        subtype:  radiation  the physical phenomenon of radiating energy in the form of waves or particles
           subtype:  ionizing_radiation  high-energy radiation capable of producing ionization in substances through which it passes
              subtype:  alpha_radiation__alpha_ray__alpharay  the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay
              subtype:  beta_radiation__beta_ray__electron_radiation  radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay
              subtype:  cosmic_ray  highly penetrating ionizing radiation of extraterrestrial origin; consisting chiefly of protons and alpha particles; collision with atmospheric particles results in rays and particles of many kinds
              subtype:  neutron_radiation__neutronradiation  radiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb)
              subtype:  X_ray__X-radiation__roentgen_ray  electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target
           subtype:  electromagnetic_radiation__electromagneticradiation__electromagnetic_wave__electromagneticwave__nonparticulate_radiation  radiation consisting of waves of energy associated with electric and magnetic fields resulting from the acceleration of an electric charge
              subtype:  actinic_radiation__actinic_ray__actinicray  electromagnetic radiation that can produce photochemical reactions
                 subtype:  infrared_radiation__infrared__infrared_light__infrared_emission  electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths longer than visible light but shorter than radio waves
                 subtype:  visible_light__visiblelight__light__visible_radiation__visibleradiation  (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation; "the light was filtered through a soft glass window"
                    subtype:  beam_of_light__beam__light_beam__lightbeam__ray__rayoflight__shaft__shaft_of_light  a column of light (as from a beacon)
                       subtype:  heat_ray  a ray that produces a thermal effect
                          subtype:  infrared_ray  a ray of infrared radiation; produces a thermal effect (as from an infrared lamp)
                       subtype:  high_beam  the beam of a car's headlights that provides distant illumination
                       subtype:  moonbeam__moonray  a ray of moonlight
                       subtype:  sunbeam__sunray  a ray of sunlight
                       subtype:  laser_beam__laserbeam  a beam of light generated by a laser
                       subtype:  low_beam__lowbeam  the beam of a car's headlights that provides illumination for a short distance
                    subtype:  candlelight__candle_flame  the light provided by a burning candle
                    subtype:  corona.visible_light  one or more circles of light seen around a luminous object
                    subtype:  counterglow__gegenschein  a faint spot of light in the night sky that appears directly opposite the position of the sun; a reflection of sunlight by micrometeoric material in space
                    subtype:  daylight  light during the daytime
                    subtype:  firelight  the light of a fire (especially in a fireplace)
                    subtype:  fluorescence  light emitted during absorption of radiation of some other (invisible) wavelength
                       subtype:  autofluorescence  self-induced fluorescence
                       subtype:  phosphorescence  a fluorescence that persists after the bombarding radiation has ceased
                    subtype:  friar's_lantern__ignis_fatuus__jack-o'-lantern__will-o'-the-wisp  a pale light sometimes seen at night over marshy ground
                    subtype:  gaslight  light yielded by the combustion of illuminating gas
                    subtype:  glowing__radiance__glow  the amount of electromagnetic radiation leaving or arriving at a point on a surface
                       subtype:  aureole__corona  the outermost region of the sun's atmosphere; visible as a white halo during a solar eclipse
                    subtype:  half-light  a grayish light (as at dawn or dusk or in dim interiors)
                    subtype:  incandescence.visible_light__glow  the phenomenon of light emission by a body as its temperature is raised
                    subtype:  lamplight  light from a lamp
                    subtype:  luminescence  light not due to incandescence; occurs at low temperatures
                       subtype:  bioluminescence  luminescence produced by physiological processes (as in the firefly)
                       subtype:  chemiluminescence  luminescence resulting from a chemical reaction as the oxidation of luciferin in fireflies
                    subtype:  meteor__shooting_star  a streak of light in the sky at night that results when a meteoroid hits the earth's atmosphere and air friction causes the meteoroid to melt or vaporize or explode
                       subtype:  bolide__fireball  an especially luminous meteor (sometimes exploding)
                    subtype:  moonlight__moonshine__moon  the light of the moon; "moonlight is the smuggler's enemy"; "the moon was bright enough to read by"
                    subtype:  starlight  the light of the stars
                    subtype:  sunlight__sunshine__sun  the rays of the sun; "the shingles were weathered by the sun and wind"
                    subtype:  streamer  light that streams; "streamers of flames"
                    subtype:  torchlight  light from a torch or torches
                    subtype:  twilight  the diffused light from the sky when the sun is below the horizon but its rays are refracted by the atmosphere of the earth
                 subtype:  ultraviolet_illumination__ultravioletillumination__ultraviolet__ultraviolet_radiation__ultravioletradiation__ultraviolet_light__ultravioletlight__UV  radiation lying in the ultraviolet range; wave lengths shorter than light but longer than X rays
              subtype:  electron_beam__beam__ray  a group of nearly parallel lines of electromagnetic radiation
                 subtype:  cathode_ray__cathoderay  a beam of electrons emitted by the cathode of an electrical discharge tube
                 subtype:  particle_beam  a collimated flow of particles (atoms or electrons or molecules)
                    subtype:  ion_beam__ionbeam__inoic_beam__inoicbeam  a beam of ions moving in the same direction at the same speed
              subtype:  black-body_radiation__blackbody_radiation__blackbodyradiation  the electromagnetic radiation that would be radiated from an ideal black body; the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of a black body depends only on temperature and is determined by Planck's radiation law
              subtype:  Hertzian_wave  an electromagnetic wave generated by oscillations in an electric circuit
              subtype:  gamma_radiation__gammaradiation__gamma_ray__gammaray  electromagnetic radiation emitted during radioactive decay and having an extremely short wavelength
              subtype:  line.electromagnetic_radiation  a single frequency (or very narrow band) of radiation in a spectrum
              subtype:  microwave  a short electromagnetic wave (longer than infrared but shorter than radio waves); used for radar and microwave ovens
              subtype:  radio_wave__radiowave__radio_emission__radioemission__radio_radiation__radioradiation  an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength between 0.5 cm to 30,000 m
                 subtype:  sky_wave__skywave  a radio wave that is reflected back to earth by the ionosphere or a communications satellite; permits transmission around the curve of the earth's surface
                    subtype:  ionospheric_wave__ionosphericwave  a sky wave that is reflected by the ionosphere
                 subtype:  ground_wave  a radio wave propagated on or near the earth's surface
                 subtype:  radio_signal__radiosignal  a radio wave used to transmit and receive messages
                 subtype:  carrier_wave__carrierwave__carrier  a radio wave that can be modulated in order to transmit a signal
                 subtype:  short_wave__shortwave  a radio wave with a wavelength less than 100 meters
                 subtype:  long_wave  a radio wave with a frequency less than 300 kilohertz
              subtype:  X_ray__X-radiation__roentgen_ray  electromagnetic radiation of short wavelength produced when high-speed electrons strike a solid target
           subtype:  corpuscular_radiation__corpuscularradiation__particulate_radiation__particulateradiation  a stream of atomic or subatomic particles that may be charged positively (e.g. alpha particles) or negatively (e.g. beta particles) or not at all (e.g. neutrons)
              subtype:  alpha_radiation__alpha_ray__alpharay  the radiation of alpha particles during radioactive decay
              subtype:  beta_radiation__beta_ray__electron_radiation  radiation of beta particles during radioactive decay
              subtype:  neutron_radiation__neutronradiation  radiation of neutrons (as by a neutron bomb)
           subtype:  radioactivity__activity  radiation resulting from radioactive decay
           subtype:  solar_radiation__solarradiation  radiation from the sun
              subtype:  solar_flare__solarflare__flare  a sudden eruption of intense high-energy radiation from the sun's surface; associated with sunspots and radio interference
              subtype:  solar_prominence__solarprominence  large eruptions of luminous hydrogen gas that rise thousands of kilometers above the chromosphere
              subtype:  solar_wind__solarwind  a stream of protons moving radially from the sun
           subtype:  radiation.action  the act of radiating
              subtype:  bombardment  the act (or an instance) of subjecting a body or substance to the impact of high-energy particles (as electrons or alpha rays)
        subtype:  reflection.physical_phenomenon__reflexion  the phenomenon of a propagating wave (light or sound) being thrown back from a surface
           subtype:  virtual_image__virtualimage  a reflected optical image (as seen in a plane mirror)
           subtype:  zodiacal_light  a luminous tract in the sky; a reflection of sunlight from cosmic dust in the plane of the ecliptic; visible just before sunrise and just after sunset
        subtype:  refraction  the change in direction of a propagating wave (light or sound) when passing from one medium to another
           subtype:  double_refraction__birefringence  splitting a ray into two parallel rays polarized perpendicularly
        subtype:  resolving_power__resolvingpower__resolution  the ability of a microscope or telescope to measure the angular separation of images that are close together
        subtype:  resolution.physical_phenomenon  (computer science) the number of pixels per square inch on a computer-generated display; the greater the resolution, the better the picture
        subtype:  conduction__conductivity  the transmission of heat or electricity or sound
           subtype:  electrical_conduction  the passage of electricity through a conductor
              subtype:  photoconductivity__photoconduction  change in the electrical conductivity of a substance as a result of absorbing electromagnetic radiation
              subtype:  superconductivity  the disappearance of electrical resistance at very low temperatures
              subtype:  electric_discharge__discharge__spark__arc__electric_arc  electrical conduction through a gas in an applied electric field
                 subtype:  brush_discharge  discharge between electrodes creating visible streamers of ionized particles
                 subtype:  corona_discharge__corona__corposant__st.elmo'sfire__Saint_Elmo's_fire__Saint_Elmo's_light__Saint_Ulmo's_fire__Saint_Ulmo's_light__electric_glow  an electrical discharge accompanied by ionization of surrounding atmosphere
        subtype:  propagation  the movement of a wave through a medium
           subtype:  Doppler_effect__Doppler_shift  change in the apparent frequency of a wave as observer and source move toward or away from each other
              subtype:  red_shift__redshift  (astronomy) a shift in the spectra of distant galaxies toward longer wavelengths; generally interpreted as the Doppler effect resulting from the velocity at which they recede as the universe expands
           subtype:  wave_front  all the points just reached by a wave as it propagates
        subtype:  fundamental_interaction__interaction  (physics) the transfer of energy between elementary particles or between an elementary particle and a field or between fields; mediated by gauge bosons
           subtype:  electromagnetic_interaction__electromagneticinteraction  an interaction between charged elementary particles that is intermediate in strength between the strong and weak interactions; mediated by photons
           subtype:  gravitational_interaction__gravitationalinteraction  a weak interaction between particles that results from their mass; mediated by gravitons
           subtype:  strong_interaction__strong_force__color_force__colorforce  (physics) the interaction that binds protons and neutrons together in the nuclei of atoms; mediated by gluons
           subtype:  weak_interaction__weak_force  (physics) an interaction between elementary particles involving neutrinos or antineutrinos that is responsible for certain kinds of radioactive decay; mediated by intermediate vector bosons
        subtype:  surface_tension__surfacetension  a phenomenon at the surface of a liquid caused by intermolecular forces
           subtype:  capillarity__capillary_action__capillaryaction  a phenomenon associated with surface tension and resulting in the elevation or depression of liquids in capillaries
           subtype:  interfacial_tension__interfacialtension__interfacial_surface_tension__interfacialsurfacetension  surface tension at the surface separating two non-miscible liquids
        subtype:  syzygy  the straight line configuration of 3 celestial bodies (as the sun and earth and moon) in a gravitational system
        subtype:  transparence__transparency  permitting the free passage of electromagnetic radiation
        subtype:  turbulency__turbulence  unstable flow of a liquid or gas
           subtype:  tide_rip__rip__riptide__crosscurrent  a stretch of turbulent water in the sea
        subtype:  floatation__flotation  the phenomenon of floating (remaining on the surface of a liquid)
  subtype:  levitation  the phenomenon of a person or thing rising into the air by apparently supernatural means
  subtype:  metempsychosis__rebirth  after death the soul begins a new cycle of existence in another human body
  subtype:  outcome__effect__result__event__issue__upshot  a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon; "the magnetic effect was greater when the rod was lengthwise"; "his decision had depressing consequences for business"; "he acted very wise after the event"
     subtype:  aftereffect  any result that follows its cause after an interval
     subtype:  aftermath__wake__backwash  the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event); "the aftermath of war"; "in the wake of the accident no one knew how many had been injured"
     subtype:  brisance  the shattering or crushing effect of a sudden release of energy as in an explosion
     subtype:  butterfly_effect__butterflyeffect  the phenomenon whereby a small change at one place in a complex system can have large effects elsewhere, e.g., a butterfly flapping its wings in Rio de Janeiro might change the weather in Chicago
     subtype:  by-product__byproduct  a secondary and sometimes unexpected consequence
        subtype:  epiphenomenon  a secondary phenomenon that is a by-product of another phenomenon
     subtype:  change.outcome  the result of alteration or modification; "there were marked changes in the lining of the lungs"; "there had been no change in the mountains"
        subtype:  depolarization__depolarisation  a loss of polarity or polarization
     subtype:  coattails_effect__coattailseffect__coattails__coattail  (politics) the consequence of one popular candidate in an election drawing votes for other members of the same party; "he was elected senator on the president's coattails"
     subtype:  Coriolis_effect  (physics) an effect whereby a body moving in a rotating frame of reference experiences the Coriolis force acting perpendicular to the direction of motion and to the axis of rotation; on Earth the Coriolis effect deflects moving bodies to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere
     subtype:  dent  an appreciable consequence (especially a lessening); "it made a dent in my bank account"
     subtype:  harvest  the consequence of an effort or activity; "they gathered a harvest of examples"; "a harvest of love"
     subtype:  impact.outcome  a forceful consequence; "the book had an important impact on my thinking"
     subtype:  influence.outcome  the effect of one thing (or person) on another; "the influence of mechanical action"
        subtype:  purchase.influence  a means of exerting influence or gaining advantage; "he could get no purchase on the situation"
        subtype:  wind.influence  a tendency or force that influences events; "the winds of change"
     subtype:  offshoot__outgrowth__branch__offset  a natural consequence of development
     subtype:  product.outcome  a consequence of someone's efforts or of a particular set of circumstances; "skill is the product of hours of practice"; "his reaction was the product of hunger and fatigue"
     subtype:  placebo_effect__placeboeffect  any effect that seems to be a consequence of administering a placebo; the change is usually beneficial and is assumed result from the person's faith in the treatment or preconceptions about what the experimental drug was supposed to do; pharmacologists were the first to talk about placebo effects but now the idea has been generalized to many situations having nothing to do with drugs
     subtype:  repercussion  a remote or indirect consequence of some action; "his declaration had unforeseen repercussions"
     subtype:  response  a result; "this situation developed in response to events in Africa"
        subtype:  reaction  a response that reveals a person's feelings or attitude; "he was pleased by the audience's reaction to his performance"; "John feared his mother's reaction when she saw the broken lamp"
     subtype:  side_effect  any unwanted secondary effect
     subtype:  spillover  (economics) any indirect effect of public expenditure
  subtype:  luck.phenomenon__fortune__chance__hazard  an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another; "bad luck caused his downfall"; "we ran into each other by pure chance"
     subtype:  mischance__bad_luck__badluck  an unpredictable outcome that is unfortunate; "if I didn't have bad luck I wouldn't have any luck at all"
     subtype:  toss-up__even_chance  an unpredictable phenomenon; "it's a toss-up whether he will win or lose"
  subtype:  luck__fortune  an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that leads to a favorable outcome; "it was my good luck to be there"; "they say luck is a lady"; "it was as if fortune guided his hand"
     subtype:  good_luck__fluke__good_fortune  a stroke of luck
     subtype:  serendipity  pure luck in discovering things you were not looking for
  subtype:  process__proces  a sustained phenomenon or one marked by gradual changes through a series of states; "events now in process"; "the process of calcification begins later for boys than for girls"
     subtype:  adiabatic_process__adiabaticproces  (thermodynamics) any process that occurs without gain or loss of heat;
     subtype:  chelation.process  (medicine) the process of removing a heavy metal from the bloodstream by means of a chelate as in treating lead or mercury poisoning
     subtype:  dealignment  a process whereby voters are moved toward nonpartisanship thus weakening the structure of political parties
     subtype:  decrease__decrement  a process of becoming smaller
        subtype:  decay.decrease__decline  a gradual decrease; as of stored charge or current
           subtype:  exponential_decay__exponentialdecay__exponential_return__exponentialreturn  a decrease that follows an exponential function
              subtype:  relaxation_behavior__relaxation  the exponential return of a system to equilibrium after a disturbance
        subtype:  diminution__decline  change toward something smaller or lower
           subtype:  decline_in_quality__deterioration__declension__worsening  process of changing to an inferior state
           subtype:  ebbing__ebb  a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)
           subtype:  loss.diminution  gradual decline in amount or activity: "weight loss"; "a serious loss of business"
              subtype:  epilation  loss of hair; the result of removing hair
                 subtype:  psilosis  falling out of hair
              subtype:  reducing  loss of excess weight (as by dieting); becoming slimmer; "a doctor supervised her reducing"
           subtype:  sinking_spell__sinkingspell  a temporary decline in health or value
           subtype:  slippage.diminution  decline from a standard level of performance or achievement
           subtype:  drop-off__slump__slack__falloff__falling_off__fallingoff  a noticeable decline in performance: "the team went into a slump"; "a sudden slack in output"; "a drop-off in attendance"; "a falloff in automobile sales"
        subtype:  desensitization__desensitisation  the process of reducing sensitivity; "the patient was desensitized to the allergen"
        subtype:  narrowing.decrease  a decrease in width
        subtype:  slippage.decrease  a decrease of transmitted power in a mechanical system caused by slipping
        subtype:  wastage.decrease  the process of wasting
     subtype:  degeneration  the process of declining from a higher to a lower level of effective power or vitality or essential quality
        subtype:  attack.degeneration  the onset of a corrosive or destructive process (as by a chemical agent); "the film was sensitive to attack by acids"; "open to attack by the elements"
        subtype:  obsolescence  the process of becoming obsolete; falling into disuse or becoming out of date; "a policy of planned obsolescence"
     subtype:  evolution  a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage); "the development of his ideas took many years"; "the evolution of Greek civilization"; "the slow development of her skill as a writer"
        subtype:  assibilation  the development of a consonant phoneme into a sibilant
        subtype:  deepening  a process of becoming deeper and more profound
        subtype:  growth  a progression from simpler to more complex forms; "the growth of culture"
        subtype:  unfolding__flowering  a developmental process; "the flowering of ante-bellum culture"
     subtype:  economic_process  any process affecting the production and development and management of material wealth
        subtype:  deflation.economic_process  a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices
        subtype:  demand  the ability and desire to purchase goods and services; "the automobile reduced the demand for buggywhips"; "the demand exceeded the supply"
           subtype:  economic_consumption__consumption__use__use_of_goods_and_services  (economics) the utilization of economic goods to satisfy needs or in manufacturing; "the consumption of energy has increased steadily"
              subtype:  conspicuous_consumption__conspicuousconsumption  buying expensive services and products in order to flaunt your wealth
        subtype:  disinflation  a reduction of prices intended to improve the balance of payments
        subtype:  economic_growth  steady growth in the productive capacity of the economy (and so a growth of national income)
        subtype:  globalization__globalisation  growth to a global or worldwide scale; "the globalization of the communication industry"
        subtype:  rising_prices__inflation  a general and progressive increase in prices; "in inflation everything gets more valuable except money"
           subtype:  cost-pull_inflation  inflation caused by an increase in the costs of production
           subtype:  demand-pull_inflation  inflation caused by an increase in demand or in the supply of money
           subtype:  inflationary_spiral  an episode of inflation in which prices increase at an increasing rate and currency rapidly loses value
           subtype:  reflation  inflation of currency after a period of deflation; restore the system to a previous state
           subtype:  stagflation  a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)
        subtype:  market_forces  the interaction of supply and demand that shapes a market economy
        subtype:  supply.economic_process  offering goods and services for sale
     subtype:  instruction_execution__instructionexecution__execution  the process of carrying out an instruction by a computer
        subtype:  batch_processing__batchprocessing  the serial execution of computer programs
        subtype:  multiprogramming__concurrent_execution  the execution of two or more computer programs by a single computer
     subtype:  human_process__humanproces  a process in which human beings are involved
        subtype:  linguistic_process  a process involved in human language
           subtype:  agglutination.linguistic_process  the building of words from component morphemes that retain their form and meaning in the process of combining
              subtype:  isoagglutination  agglutination of an agglutinogen of one individual by a serum from another individual of the same species
           subtype:  assimilation.linguistic_process  a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound
           subtype:  derivation.linguistic_process  (descriptive linguistics) the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases by affixation: `singer' from `sing'; `undo' from `do'
           subtype:  dissimilation  a linguistic process by which one of two similar sounds in a word becomes less like the other; "the Old French MARBRE became the English MARBLE by dissimilation"
           subtype:  drift.linguistic_process  a process of linguistic change over a period of time
           subtype:  fusion.linguistic_process  the merging of adjacent sounds or syllables or words
              subtype:  syncretism  the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections)
           subtype:  lexicalization__lexicalisation  the process of making a word to express a concept
           subtype:  metathesis  a linguistic process of transposition of sounds or syllables within a word or words within a sentence
           subtype:  omission.linguistic_process__deletion  any process whereby sounds are left out of spoken words or phrases
              subtype:  aphaeresis__apheresis__apheresi  (linguistics) omission at the beginning of a word as in `coon' for `raccoon' or `till' for `until'
              subtype:  aphesis__aphesi  the gradual disappearance of an initial (usually unstressed) vowel or syllable as in `squire' for `esquire'
              subtype:  elision  omission of a sound between two words (usually a vowel and the end of one word or the beginning of the next)
              subtype:  ellipsis__eclipsis  omission or suppression of parts of words or sentences
           subtype:  synaeresis__syneresis__syneresi  the contraction of two vowels into a diphthong
        subtype:  psychoanalytic_process  a process that is assumed to occur in psychoanalytic theory
           subtype:  defense_mechanism__defensemechanism__defense_reaction__defensereaction__defencemechanism__defence_reaction__defencereaction__defense  (psychiatry) an unconscious process that tries to reduce the anxiety associated with instinctive desires
              subtype:  compensation.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that conceals your undesirable shortcomings by exaggerating desirable behaviors
                 subtype:  overcompensation.compensation  (psychiatry) an attempt to overcome a real or imagined defect or unwanted trait by overly exaggerating its opposite
              subtype:  conversion.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism represses emotional conflicts which are then converted into physical symptoms that have no organic basis
              subtype:  denial.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that denies painful thoughts
              subtype:  displacement.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that transfers affect or reaction from the original object to some more acceptable one
              subtype:  idealisation__idealization  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that splits something you are ambivalent about into two representations--one good and one bad
              subtype:  intellectualization__intellectualisation  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism that uses reasoning to block out emotional stress and conflict
              subtype:  projection.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your own traits and emotions are attributed to someone else
              subtype:  rationalisation__rationalization  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism by which your true motivation is concealed by explaining your actions and feelings in a way that is not threatening
              subtype:  reaction_formation  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which a person unconsciously develops attitudes and behavior that are the opposite of unacceptable repressed desires and impulses and serve to conceal them; "his strict morality is just a reaction formation to hide his sexual drive"
              subtype:  regression  (psychiatry) a defense mechanism in which you flee from reality by assuming a more infantile state
              subtype:  repression.defense_mechanism  (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious
        subtype:  social_process  a process involved in the formation of groups of persons
           subtype:  assimilation.social_process__absorption  the social process of absorbing one cultural group into harmony with another
              subtype:  Americanization__Americanisation  assimilation into American culture
              subtype:  Europeanization__Europeanisation  assimilation into European culture
              subtype:  Westernization__Westernisation  assimilation of Western culture; the social process of becoming familiar with or converting to the customs and practices of Western civilization
           subtype:  denazification__de-Nazification  social process of removing Nazis from official positions and giving up any allegiance to Nazism; "denazification was a slow process"
           subtype:  destalinization__de-Stalinization__destalinisation__de-Stalinisation  social process of neutralizing the influence of Joseph Stalin by revising his policies and removing monuments dedicated to him and renaming places named in his honor; "his statue was demolished as part of destalinization"
           subtype:  Nazification  social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) Nazism; "as the process of Nazification spread they paid less attention to public opinion"
           subtype:  Stalinization__Stalinisation  social process of adopting (or being forced to adopt) the policies and practices of Joseph Stalin; "many Hungarians refused to take part in the Stalinization of their country"
           subtype:  urbanization__urbanisation  the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban
     subtype:  increment__increase__growth  a process of becoming larger or more numerous or more important; "the increase in unemployment"; "the growth of population"
        subtype:  accretion.increment__accumulation  an increase by natural growth or addition
           subtype:  deposition.accretion  the natural process of laying down a deposit of something
              subtype:  electrodeposition  the deposition of a substance on an electrode by the action of electricity (especially by electrolysis)
              subtype:  redeposition  deposition from one deposit to another
        subtype:  multiplication  the process of multiplying; "this multiplication of cells is a natural correlate of growth"
           subtype:  doubling  increase by a factor of two; "doubling with a computer took no time at all"
           subtype:  quadrupling  increase by a factor of four
           subtype:  quintupling  increasing by a factor of five
           subtype:  tripling  increase by a factor of three
        subtype:  population_growth  increase in the number of people who inhabit a territory or state
        subtype:  pullulation  rapid increase
        subtype:  widening.increment__broadening  an increase in width
     subtype:  irreversible_process  any process that is not reversible
     subtype:  natural_process__naturalproces__natural_action__naturalaction__action__activity  a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity"
        subtype:  radiation.spreading  the spread of a group of organisms into new habitats
           subtype:  adaptive_radiation  the development of many different forms from an originally homogeneous group of organisms as they fill different ecological niches
        subtype:  absorption  (physics) the process in which incident radiated energy is retained without reflection or transmission on passing through a medium; "the absorption of photons by atoms or molecules"
        subtype:  acidification  the process of becoming acid or being converted into an acid
        subtype:  aeration.natural_process  the process of exposing to air (so as to purify)
        subtype:  antiredeposition  the process of preventing redeposition
        subtype:  nuclear_particle_capture__capture  any process in which an atomic or nuclear system acquires an additional particle
        subtype:  satellite_capture__satellitecapture__capture  a process whereby a star or planet holds an object in its gravitational field
        subtype:  centrifugation  the process of separating substances by the use of a centrifuge
           subtype:  ultracentrifugation  centrifugation at very high speeds
        subtype:  chemical_process__chemical_change__chemical_action  any process determined by the atomic and molecular composition and structure of the substances involved
           subtype:  Acheson_process  process for making graphite by heating a mixture of coke and clay
           subtype:  acylation  the process of introducing an acyl group into a compound
              subtype:  acetylation  the process of introducing an acetyl group into a compound; "the acetylation of cyclooxygenase-2 by aspirin"
           subtype:  agglutinating_activity__agglutinatingactivity  the coalescing of small particles that are suspended in solution; these larger masses are then (usually) precipitated
           subtype:  amylolysis  conversion of starch to sugar
           subtype:  association.chemical_process  any process of combination (in solution) that depend on relatively weak chemical bonding
              subtype:  hydration  the process of combining with water; usually reversible
              subtype:  solvation  a chemical process in which solvent molecules and molecules or ions of the solute combine to form a compound
           subtype:  bluing__blueing  a process that makes something blue (or bluish)
           subtype:  calcification  a process that impregnates something with calcium (or calcium salts)
           subtype:  catalysis__catalysi  acceleration of a chemical reaction induced the presence of material that is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
              subtype:  autocatalysis__autocatalysi  catalysis in which the catalyst is one of the products of the reaction
           subtype:  chelation  the process of forming a ring by forming one or more hydrogen bonds
           subtype:  chemical_reaction__reaction  (chemistry) a process in which one or more substances are changed into others; "there was a chemical reaction of the lime with the ground water"
              subtype:  addition_reaction  a chemical reaction in which one molecule is added to another
              subtype:  aldol_reaction__aldolreaction  a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol
              subtype:  chain_reaction__chainreaction  a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one is a reactant in the next
              subtype:  chemical_equilibrium__equilibrium  a chemical reaction and its reverse proceed at equal rates
                 subtype:  acid-base_equilibrium__acid-base_balance  (physiology) the normal equilibrium between acids and alkalis in the body; "with a normal acid-base balance in the body the blood is slightly alkaline"
              subtype:  decomposition_reaction__decompositionreaction__decomposition  (chemistry) chemical separation of a substance into two or more substances that may differ from each other and from the original substance
              subtype:  displacement_reaction__displacement  (chemistry) a chemical reaction in which an elementary substance displaces and sets free a constituent element from a compound
              subtype:  double_decomposition_reaction__double_decomposition__metathesis  a chemical reaction between two compounds in which parts of each are interchanged to form two new compounds (AB+CD=AD+CB)
                 subtype:  double_replacement_reaction__doublereplacementreaction  a chemical reaction between two compounds where the positive ion of one compound is exchanged with the positive ion of another compound
              subtype:  elimination_reaction__eliminationreaction  a chemical reaction in which a molecule decomposes to two different molecules
              subtype:  endothermic_reaction__endothermicreaction  a chemical reaction accompanied by the absorption of heat
              subtype:  exothermic_reaction  a chemical reaction accompanied by the evolution of heat
              subtype:  hydrolysis  a chemical reaction in which water reacts with a compound to produce other compounds; involves the splitting of a bond and the addition of the hydrogen cation and the hydroxide anion from the water
              subtype:  neutralization_reaction__neutralization__neutralisation__neutralisation_reaction  a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base interact with the formation of a salt; with strong acids and bases the essential reaction is the combination of hydrogen ions with hydroxyl ions to form water
              subtype:  oxidation__oxidization__oxidisation  the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction
                 subtype:  calcination  the conversion of metals into their oxides as a result of heating to a high temperature
                 subtype:  combustion__burning  a process in which a substance reacts with oxygen to give heat and light
                    subtype:  flame__fire__flaming  the process of combustion of inflammable materials producing heat and light and (often) smoke; "fire was one of our ancestors' first discoveries"
                       subtype:  blazing__blaze  a strong flame that burns brightly; "the blaze spread rapidly"
                       subtype:  flare.flame  a sudden burst of flame
                    subtype:  internal_combustion  the combustion of fuel inside a cylinder (as in an internal-combustion engine)
                 subtype:  nitrification  the oxidation of ammonium compounds into nitrates by soil bacteria
                 subtype:  rusting__rust  the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
              subtype:  oxidation-reduction__oxidationreduction__oxidoreduction__redox  a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reduction
              subtype:  photochemical_reaction__photochemicalreaction  a chemical reaction produced by the action of light
                 subtype:  light_reaction__lightreaction  the first stage of photosynthesis during which energy from light is used for the production of ATP
              subtype:  reduction.chemical_reaction__reducing  any process in which electrons are added to an atom or ion (as by removing oxygen or adding hydrogen); always occurs accompanied by oxidation of the reducing agent
              subtype:  saponification  a chemical reaction in which an ester is heated with an alkali (especially the alkaline hydrolysis of a fat or oil to make soap)
           subtype:  chlorination.chemical_process  the addition or substitution of chlorine in organic compounds
              subtype:  prechlorination  chlorination prior to another chemical process
           subtype:  cleavage.chemical_process  the breaking of a chemical bond in a molecule resulting in smaller molecules
           subtype:  corroding__corrosion__erosion  erosion by chemical action
              subtype:  pitting__roughnes  the formation of small pits in a surface as a consequence of corrosion
              subtype:  rusting__rust  the formation of reddish-brown ferric oxides on iron by low-temperature oxidation in the presence of water
           subtype:  cracking  the process whereby heavy molecules of naphtha or petroleum are broken down into hydrocarbons of lower molecular weight (especially in the oil-refining process)
              subtype:  hydrocracking  the process whereby hydrocarbon molecules of petroleum are broken down into kerosene and gasolene by the addition of hydrogen under high pressure in the presence of a catalyst
           subtype:  cyanide_process__cyanideproces  a process for extracting gold and silver by treating ore with a sodium cyanide solution
           subtype:  decalcification  loss of calcium from bones or teeth
           subtype:  decarboxylation  the process of removing a carboxyl group from a chemical compound (usually replacing it with hydrogen)
           subtype:  de-iodination  the removal of iodine atoms from organic compounds
           subtype:  desalination__desalinization__desalinisation  the removal of salt (especially from sea water)
           subtype:  digestion.chemical_process  the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria
           subtype:  dissociation.chemical_process  (chemistry) the temporary or reversible chemical process in which a molecule or ion is broken down into smaller molecules or ions
           subtype:  gasification  the process of changing into gas; "coal gas is produced by the gasification of coal"
           subtype:  gassing.chemical_process  the process of interacting with gas
           subtype:  hydrogenation  a chemical process that adds hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated oil; "food producers use hydrogenation to keep fat from becoming rancid"
           subtype:  swelling__intumescence__intumescency  the swelling of certain substances when they are heated (often accompanied by release of water)
           subtype:  iodination  the substitution or addition of iodine atoms in organic compounds
           subtype:  chemical_mechanism__mechanism  the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction; "he determined unique mechanisms for the photochemical reactions"
              subtype:  biochemical_mechanism__biochemicalmechanism  a chemical mechanism involved in vital processes occurring in living organisms
           subtype:  peptization__peptisation  the process of converting to a sol; bringing to a colloidal solution
           subtype:  photosynthesis  synthesis of compounds with the aid of radiant energy (especially in plants)
           subtype:  polymerization__polymerisation  a process of combining several molecules to form a polymer or polymeric compound
           subtype:  precipitation.chemical_process  the process of forming a chemical precipitate
           subtype:  proteolysis__proteolysi  the hydrolysis of proteins into peptides and amino acids by cleavage of their peptide bonds
           subtype:  Solvay_process  a process for producing sodium carbonate from sodium chloride and ammonia and carbon dioxide
           subtype:  syneresis__syneresi__synaeresis  the separation of liquid from a gel that is caused by contraction (as in cheese making)
           subtype:  synthesis.chemical_process__synthesi  the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)
              subtype:  biosynthesis__biogenesis  production of a chemical compound by a living organism
              subtype:  chemosynthesis  synthesis of carbohydrate from carbon dioxide and water; limited to certain bacteria and fungi
           subtype:  transamination  the process of transfering an amino group from one compound to another
           subtype:  zymolysis__zymolysi__zymosis__fermentation__fermenting__ferment  a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
              subtype:  vinification  the process whereby fermentation changes grape juice into wine
        subtype:  chromatography  a process used for separating mixtures by virtue of differences in absorbency
           subtype:  column_chromatography  chromatography that uses selective adsorption by a column of powders
           subtype:  paper_chromatography__paperchromatography  chromatography that uses selective adsorption on a strip of paper
        subtype:  concretion  the formation of stonelike objects within a body organ (e.g., the kidneys)
        subtype:  condensation.natural_process  the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state
        subtype:  convection.natural_process  (meteorology) the vertical movement of heat or other properties by massive motion within the atmosphere
        subtype:  curdling__clotting__coagulation  the process of forming semisolid lumps in a liquid
           subtype:  blood_coagulation__bloodcoagulation__blood_clotting__bloodclotting  a process in which liquid blood is changed into a semisolid mass (a blood clot)
           subtype:  thermocoagulation  congealing tissue by heat (as by electric current)
        subtype:  decay  the process of gradually becoming inferior
           subtype:  caries__cavity__dental_caries__tooth_decay__toothdecay  soft decayed area in a tooth; progressive decay can lead to the death of a tooth
           subtype:  corruption  decay of matter (as by rot or oxidation)
           subtype:  rotting__decomposition__rot__putrefaction  (biology) decaying caused by bacterial or fungal action
           subtype:  dilapidation__ruin  the process of becoming dilapidated
           subtype:  spoilage.decay__spoiling  the process of becoming spoiled
              subtype:  mildew.spoilage__mold  the process of becoming mildewed
              subtype:  souring  the process of becoming sour
        subtype:  demagnetization__demagnitisation  the process of removing magnetization
           subtype:  degaussing  the process of making a (steel) ship's hull nonmagnetic by producing an opposing magnetic field
        subtype:  desorption  changing from an adsorbed state on a surface to a gaseous or liquid state
        subtype:  diffusion  (physics) the process of diffusing; the intermingling of molecules in gases and liquids as a result of random thermal agitation
           subtype:  osmosis__osmosi  diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
           subtype:  permeation__pervasion__impregnation__saturation__suffusion  the process of permeating or infusing
              subtype:  ammonification  impregnation with ammonia or a compound of ammonia
              subtype:  carbonation  saturation with carbon dioxide (as soda water)
           subtype:  transport  an exchange of molecules (and their kinetic energy and momentum) across the boundary between adjacent layers of a fluid or across cell membranes
              subtype:  active_transport  transport of a substance (as a protein or drug) across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires an expenditure of energy
              subtype:  passive_transport__passivetransport  transport of a substance across a cell membrane by diffusion; expenditure of energy is not required
        subtype:  disintegration__dissolution  separation into component parts
           subtype:  fibrinolysis  a normal ongoing process that dissolves fibrin and results in the removal of small blood clots; "drugs causing fibrinolysis have been utilized therapeutically"
           subtype:  lysis__lysi  (biochemistry) dissolution or destruction of cells such as blood cells or bacteria
              subtype:  autolysis__autolysi  lysis (self-digestion) of tissues when they are detached from the organism
              subtype:  bacteriolysis__bacteriolysi  dissolution or destruction of bacteria
              subtype:  cytolysis__cytolysi  pathological breakdown of cells by the destruction of their outer membrane
              subtype:  electrolysis.lysis__electrolysi  lysis of a bond produced by the passage of an electric current
              subtype:  hemolysis__hemolysi__haemolysis__hematolysis__hematolysi__haematolysis  lysis of erythrocytes with the release of hemoglobin
              subtype:  karyolysis  disintegration and dissolution of a cell nucleus when a cell dies
              subtype:  necrolysis  disintegration and dissolution of dead tissue
              subtype:  osteolysis  lysis of bone caused by disease or infection or inadequate blood supply
              subtype:  radiolysis  molecular disintegration resulting from radiation
              subtype:  thrombolysis  the process of breaking up and dissolving blood clots
        subtype:  distillation__distillment  the process of boiling a liquid and condensing its vapors
        subtype:  drift  the gradual departure from an intended course due to external influences (as a ship or plane)
           subtype:  leeway  (of a ship or plane) sideways drift
        subtype:  effervescence  the process of bubbling as gas escapes
        subtype:  electrophoresis__electrophoresi__cataphoresis  the motion of charged particles in a colloid under the influence of an electric field; particles with a positive charge go to the cathode and negative to the anode
           subtype:  immunoelectrophoresis__immunoelectrophoresi  electrophoresis to separate antigens and antibodies
           subtype:  paper_electrophoresis__paperelectrophoresi  electrophoresis carried out on filter paper
        subtype:  ecesis__establishment  (ecology) the process by which a plant or animal becomes established in a new habitat
        subtype:  extinction  the reduction of the intensity of radiation as a consequence of absorption and radiation
        subtype:  extraction.natural_process  the process of obtaining something from a mixture or compound by chemical or physical or mechanical means
           subtype:  drying_up__dehydration__desiccation  the process of extracting moisture (as by heat)
              subtype:  inspissation  the process of thickening by dehydration
           subtype:  elution  the process of extracting one material from another by washing with a solvent to remove adsorbed material from an adsorbent (as in washing of loaded ion-exchange resins to remove captured ions); used to obtain uranium ions
           subtype:  mineral_processing__mineralprocessing__mineral_dressing__mineraldressing__ore_processing__oreprocessing__ore_dressing__oredressing__beneficiation  crushing and separating ore into valuable substances or waste by any of a variety of techniques
        subtype:  feedback.natural_process  the process in which part of the output of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output
           subtype:  negative_feedback  feedback in opposite phase with (decreasing) the input
           subtype:  positive_feedback  feedback in phase with (augmenting) the input
              subtype:  vicious_cycle__viciouscycle__vicious_circle__viciouscircle  one trouble leads to another that aggravates the first
        subtype:  filtration.natural_process  the process of filtering
           subtype:  percolation.filtration  the slow passage of a liquid through a filtering medium; "the percolation of rainwater through the soil"
        subtype:  flocculation  the process of flocculating; forming woolly cloudlike aggregations
        subtype:  flow  any uninterrupted stream or discharge
           subtype:  slipstream__airstream__race__backwash__wash  the flow of air that is driven backwards by an aircraft propeller
           subtype:  turbulent_flow__turbulentflow  flow in which the velocity at any point varies erratically
              subtype:  sea.turbulent_flow  turbulent water with swells of considerable size; "heavy seas"
                 subtype:  head_sea  a sea in which the waves are running directly against the course of the ship
           subtype:  streamline_flow  flow of a gas or liquid in which the velocity at any point is relatively steady
              subtype:  laminar_flow__laminarflow  nonturbulent streamline flow in parallel layers (laminae)
           subtype:  filling.flow  flow into something (as a container)
              subtype:  refilling__replenishment__replacement__renewal  filling again by supplying what has been used up
           subtype:  flowage  gradual internal motion or deformation
           subtype:  inflow__influx  the process of flowing in
              subtype:  inpouring__inpour__inrush  an inflow; "an inpouring of spiritual comfort"
           subtype:  effluence__efflux  the process of flowing out
        subtype:  formation.natural_process  natural process that causes something to form; "the formation of gas in the intestine"; "the formation of crystals"; "the formation of pseudopods"
        subtype:  fossilisation__fossilization  the process of fossilizing a plant or animal that existed in some earlier age; the process of being turned to stone
           subtype:  petrification__petrifaction  the process of turning some plant material into stone by infiltration with water carrying mineral particles without changing the original shape
        subtype:  fractional_process__fractionation  a process that uses heat to separate a substance into its components
           subtype:  destructive_distillation__destructivedistillation  heating a solid substance in a closed container and collecting the volatile products
              subtype:  carbonization__carbonisation  the destructive distillation of coal (as in coke ovens)
           subtype:  fractional_distillation  fractionation of a liquid by distillation
        subtype:  geological_process  a natural process whereby geological features are modified
           subtype:  alluvion  gradual formation of new land, by recession of the sea or deposit of sediment
           subtype:  diastrophism  the process of deformation that produces continents and ocean basins in the earth's crust
           subtype:  eroding__erosion__eatingaway__wearing__wearing_away__wearingaway  the mechanical process of wearing or grinding something down (as by particles washing over it)
              subtype:  chatter_mark.eroding__chattermark  marks on a glaciated rock caused by the movement of a glacier
              subtype:  ablation  the erosive process that reduces the size of glaciers
              subtype:  corrasion__abrasion__attrition__detrition  erosion by friction
              subtype:  beach_erosion__beacherosion  the erosion of beaches
              subtype:  planation  the process of erosion whereby a level surface is produced
              subtype:  soil_erosion  the washing away of soil
           subtype:  glaciation  the process of covering with glaciers or masses of ice
           subtype:  metamorphism  change in the structure of rock by natural agencies such as pressure or heat of introduction of new chemical substances
              subtype:  anamorphism  occurs deep under the earth's surface; changes simple minerals into complex minerals
              subtype:  epigenesis  a geological change in the mineral content of rock after the rock has formed
              subtype:  katamorphism  occurs at or near the earth's surface; breaks down complex minerals into simpler ones
           subtype:  stratification.geological_process  forming or depositing in layers
              subtype:  foliation  the arrangement of leaflike layers in a rock
        subtype:  solidifying__solidification__set  the process of becoming hard or solid by cooling or drying or crystallization; "the hardening of concrete"; "he tested the set of the glue"
        subtype:  ignition  the process of initiating combustion
           subtype:  spontaneous_combustion__spontaneouscombustion  ignition of a substance (as oily rags) resulting from an internal oxidation process
        subtype:  induction.natural_process  the process whereby changes in the current flow in a circuit produce magnetism or an EMF
           subtype:  mutual_induction.induction__mutualinduction  induction in a second circuit caused by changes in a first circuit
           subtype:  self-induction.induction__selfinduction  induction in a circuit caused by changes in the circuit itself
        subtype:  ion_exchange__ionexchange  a process in which ions are exchanged between a solution and an insoluble (usually resinous) solid; widely used in industrial processing
        subtype:  ionization__ionisation  the process of ionizing; the formation of ions by separating atoms or molecules or radicals or by adding or subtracting electrons from atoms by strong electric fields in a gas
        subtype:  leach__leaching  the process of leaching
        subtype:  magnetization__magnetisation__magneticinduction  the process that makes a substance magnetic (temporarily or permanently)
        subtype:  nuclear_reaction__nuclearreaction  a process that alters the energy or structure or composition of atomic nuclei
           subtype:  chain_reaction.nuclear_reaction__chainreaction  a self-sustaining nuclear reaction; a series of nuclear fissions in which neutrons released by splitting one atom leads to the splitting of others
           subtype:  radioactive_decay__radioactivedecay__decay__disintegration  the spontaneous disintegration of a radioactive substance along with the emission of ionizing radiation
           subtype:  endoergic_reaction__endoergicreaction  a nuclear reaction occurring with absorption of energy
           subtype:  exoergic_reaction  a nuclear reaction accompanied by the evolution of energy
           subtype:  nuclear_fission__fission  a nuclear reaction in which a massive nucleus splits into smaller nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
           subtype:  nuclear_fusion_reaction__fusion__nuclear_fusion__nuclearfusion  a nuclear reaction in which nuclei combine to form more massive nuclei with the simultaneous release of energy
              subtype:  cold_fusion  nuclear fusion at or near room temperatures; claims to have discovered it are generally considered to have been mistaken
              subtype:  thermonuclear_reaction__thermonuclearreaction  a nuclear fusion reaction taking place at very high temperatures (as in the sun)
                 subtype:  carbon_cycle  a thermonuclear reaction in the interior of stars
        subtype:  opacification  the process of becoming cloudy or opaque
        subtype:  organic_process__organicproces__biological_process  a process occurring in living organisms
           subtype:  adaptation.organic_process__adjustment  the process of adapting to something (such as environmental conditions)
              subtype:  acclimatization__acclimatisation__acclimation  adaptation to a new climate (a new temperature or altitude or environment)
              subtype:  dedifferentiation  the loss of specialization in form or function
              subtype:  domestication.adaptation  adaptation to intimate association with human beings
              subtype:  specialisation__specialization__differentiation  the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function; "cell differentiation in the developing embryo"
           subtype:  agglutination  a clumping of bacteria or red cells when held together by antibodies (agglutinins)
              subtype:  hemagglutination__haemagglutination  agglutination of red blood cells
           subtype:  senescence__aging__ageing  the organic process of growing older and showing the effects of increasing age
              subtype:  catabiosis  normal aging of cells
           subtype:  anabolism__constructive_metabolism  synthesis of more complex substances from simpler ones
           subtype:  anovulation  the absence of ovulation due to immaturity or post-maturity or pregnancy or oral contraceptive pills or dysfunction of the ovary
           subtype:  assimilation.organic_process__absorption  the process of absorbing nutrients into the body after digestion
              subtype:  malabsorption  abnormal absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract
           subtype:  bacteriostasis  inhibition of the growth of bacteria
           subtype:  blooming__bloom  the organic process of bearing flowers; "you will stop all bloom if you let the flowers go to seed"
           subtype:  bodily_process__body_process__bodily_function__activity  an organic process that takes place in the body; "respiratory activity"
              subtype:  control.bodily_process  (physiology) regulation or maintenance of a function or action or reflex etc; "the timing and control of his movements were unimpaired"; "he had lost control of his sphincters"
                 subtype:  motor_control__motorcontrol  control of muscles
              subtype:  respiration  the bodily processes involved in exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment
                 subtype:  internal_respiration__cellular_respiration  bodily process whereby oxygen in the blood is absorbed by the cells of the body and carbon dioxide is absorbed by the blood as a waste product to be transported to the lungs
              subtype:  breathing__external_respiration__ventilation  the process of taking in oxygen from inhaled air and releasing carbon dioxide by exhalation
                 subtype:  abdominal_breathing__abdominalbreathing  breathing in which most of the respiratory effort is done by the abdominal muscles; "abdominal breathing is practiced by singers"
                 subtype:  eupnea__eupnoea  normal relaxed breathing
                 subtype:  hyperpnea  energetic (deep and rapid) respiration that occurs normally after exercise or abnormally with fever or various disorders
                 subtype:  hypopnea  slow or shallow breathing
                 subtype:  hyperventilation  an increased depth and rate of breathing greater than demanded by the body needs; can cause dizziness and tingling of the fingers and toes and chest pain if continued
                 subtype:  panting__heaving  breathing heavily (as after exertion)
                 subtype:  periodic_breathing__Cheyne-Stokes_respiration  abnormal respiration in which periods of shallow and deep breathing alternate
                 subtype:  smoking__smoke  the act of smoking tobacco or other substances; "he went outside for a smoke"; "smoking stinks"
                    subtype:  puffing  blowing tobacco smoke out into the air; "they smoked up the room with their ceaseless puffing"
                 subtype:  snoring__snore__stertor  the act of snoring or producing a snoring sound
                 subtype:  snuffle__sniffle__snivel  the act of breathing heavily through the nose (as when the nose is congested)
                 subtype:  wheeze  breathing with a husky or whistling sound
                 subtype:  second_wind  the return of relatively easy breathing after initial exhaustion during continuous exertion
              subtype:  breath  the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing; "he took a deep breath and dived into the pool"; "he was fighting to his last breath"
                 subtype:  exhalation__expiration__breathing_out__breathingout  the act of expelling air from the lungs
                    subtype:  cough__coughing  the act of exhaling air suddenly with a noise
                    subtype:  huffing__puffing__snorting  an act of forcible exhalation
                    subtype:  blow.exhalation__puff  forceful exhalation through the nose or mouth; "he gave his nose a loud blow"; "he blew out all the candles with a single puff"
                       subtype:  insufflation  an act of blowing or breathing on or into something
                    subtype:  wind.exhalation  breath; "the collision knocked the wind out of him"
                 subtype:  inhalation__inspiration__breathing_in__breathingin  the act of inhaling
                    subtype:  gasp__pant  a short labored intake of breath with the mouth open; "she gave a gasp and fainted"
                    subtype:  puff.inhalation__drag__pull  a slow inhalation (as of tobacco smoke); "he took a puff on his pipe"; "he took a drag on his cigarette and expelled the smoke slowly"
                       subtype:  toke  a puff of a marijuana or hashish cigarette: "the boys took a few tokes on a joint"
              subtype:  consumption__intake__uptake  the process of taking food into the body through the mouth (as by eating)
                 subtype:  eating__feeding  the act of consuming food
                    subtype:  chomp__bite  the act of gripping or chewing off with the teeth and jaws
                       subtype:  munch  a large bite; "he tried to talk between munches on the sandwich"
                       subtype:  nibble  gentle biting
                       subtype:  nip__pinch  small sharp biting
                    subtype:  browse__browsing  the act of feeding by continual nibbling
                    subtype:  coprophagy__coprophagia  eating feces; in human a symptom of some kinds of insanity
                    subtype:  dining  the act of eating dinner
                       subtype:  Dutch_treat  a dinner where each person pays for his own
                    subtype:  engorgement  eating ravenously or voraciously to satiation
                    subtype:  feasting__banqueting  eating an elaborate meal (often accompanied by entertainment)
                    subtype:  geophagy__geophagia__pica  eating earth or clay or chalk; occurs in some primitive tribes or sometimes in cases of nutritional deficiency
                    subtype:  grazing__graze  the act of grazing
                    subtype:  lunching  the act of eating lunch
                    subtype:  repletion__surfeit  eating until excessively full
                    subtype:  supping  ingestion of liquid food with a spoon or by drinking
                    subtype:  savoring__tasting__savouring__relishing__degustation  taking a small amount into the mouth to test its quality; "cooking was fine but it was the savoring that he enjoyed most"
                    subtype:  necrophagia__necrophagy  feeding on corpses or carrion
                    subtype:  omophagia  the eating of raw food
                    subtype:  scatophagy  the eating of excrement or other filth
                 subtype:  deglutition__swallow__drink  the act of swallowing; "one swallow of the liquid was enough"; "he took a drink of his beer and smacked his lips"
                    subtype:  aerophagia  swallowing air (usually followed by belching and discomfort and flatulence)
                    subtype:  gulp__draft__draught__swig  a large and hurried swallow; "he finished it at a single gulp"
                    subtype:  sip__nip  a small drink
                 subtype:  sucking__suck__suction  the act of sucking
                 subtype:  imbibing__drinking__imbibition  the act of consuming liquids
                    subtype:  swilling__gulping__guzzling  the drinking of large mouthfuls rapidly
                    subtype:  potation  the act of drinking (especially an alcoholic drink)
              subtype:  sexual_activity__sexual_practice__sex__sex_activity__sexactivity  activities associated with sexual intercourse; "they had sex in the back seat"
                 subtype:  bondage  sexual practice that involves physically restraining (by cords or handcuffs) one of the partners
                 subtype:  outercourse  mutual sexual gratification without the exchange of bodily fluids
                 subtype:  safe_sex  sexual activity (especially sexual intercourse) with the use of measures (such as latex condoms) to avoid the transmission of disease (especially AIDS)
                 subtype:  conception  the act of becoming pregnant; fertilization of an ovum by a spermatozoon
                 subtype:  sexual_intercourse__intercourse__sex_act__sexact__copulation__coitus__coition__sexual_congress__congress__sexual_relation__relation__carnal_knowledge  the act of sexual procreation between a man and a woman; the man's penis is inserted into the woman's vagina and excited until orgasm and ejaculation occur
                    subtype:  fuck__fucking__screw__screwing__ass__as__nookie__piece_of_ass__roll_in_the_hay__shag__shtup  slang terms for sexual intercourse
                    subtype:  hank_panky  illicit sexual intercourse
                    subtype:  penetration.sexual_intercourse  the act (by a man) of inserting his penis into the vagina of a woman
                    subtype:  unlawful_carnal_knowledge__criminal_congress  forbidden or tabu sexual intercourse between individuals
                       subtype:  extramarital_sex__free_love  sexual intercourse between individuals who are not married to one another
                          subtype:  adultery__criminal_conversation__fornication  extramarital sex that willfully and maliciously interferes with marriage relations; "adultery is often cited as grounds for divorce"
                          subtype:  fornication  voluntary sexual intercourse between persons not married to each other
                       subtype:  incest  sexual intercourse between persons too closely related to marry (as between a parent and a child)
                 subtype:  pleasure.sexual_activity  sexual gratification; "he took his pleasure of her"
                 subtype:  sexual_love__lovemaking__making_love__love__love_life  sexual activities (often including sexual intercourse) between two people; "his lovemaking disgusted her"; "he hadn't had any love in months"; "he has a very complicated love life"
                 subtype:  carnal_abuse  any lascivious contact by an adult with the sexual organs of a child (especially not involving sexual intercourse)
                 subtype:  mating__coupling__pairing__conjugation__sexual_union  the act of pairing a male and female for reproductive purposes; "the casual couplings of adolescents"; "the mating of some species occurs only in the spring"
                    subtype:  assortative_mating__assortativemating  mating of individuals having more traits in common than likely in random mating
                    subtype:  disassortative_mating  mating of individuals having traits more dissimilar than likely in random mating
                    subtype:  hybridization__hybridisation__crossbreeding__crossing__cross__cros__hybridizing  the act of mixing different breeds of animals
                    subtype:  inbreeding  the act of mating closely related individuals
                    subtype:  servicing__service  the act of mating by male animals; "the bull was worth good money in servicing fees"
                 subtype:  procreation__reproduction__breeding__facts_of_life  the sexual activity of conceiving and bearing offspring
                    subtype:  miscegenation__crossbreeding__interbreeding  reproduction by parents of different races (especially by white and non-white persons)
                    subtype:  generation.procreation__multiplication__propagation  the act of propagating
                       subtype:  biogenesis__biogeny  the production of living organisms from other living organisms
                 subtype:  foreplay__arousal__stimulation  mutual sexual stimulation prior to sexual intercourse
                    subtype:  caressing__cuddling__fondling__hugging__kissing__necking__petting__smooching__snuggling  affectionate play (or foreplay without contact with the genital organs)
                       subtype:  snogging  (British informal) cuddle and kiss
                    subtype:  feel.foreplay  manual-genital stimulation for sexual pleasure; "the girls hated it when he tried to sneak a feel"
                 subtype:  sexual_perversion__perversion  an aberrant sexual practice that is preferred to normal intercourse
                    subtype:  paraphilia  abnormal sexual activity
                       subtype:  exhibitionism.paraphilia__immodesty  the perverse act of exposing and attracting attention to your own genitals
                       subtype:  fetishism__fetichism  sexual arousal or gratification resulting from handling a fetish (or a specific part of the body other than the sexual organs)
                       subtype:  pedophilia__paedophilia  sexual activity of an adult with a child
                          subtype:  pederasty__paederasty  sexual relations between a man and a boy (usually anal intercourse with the boy as a passive partner)
                       subtype:  voyeurism  perversion in which a person receives sexual gratification from seeing the genitalia of others or witnessing others' sexual behavior
                       subtype:  zoophilia__zoophilism  sexual attraction to animals
                    subtype:  sodomy__buggery__anal_sex__anal_intercourse  anal intercourse committed by a man with a man or woman
                    subtype:  oral_sex__head  oral-genital stimulation; "they say he gives good head"
                       subtype:  cunnilingus__cunnilinctus  oral stimulation of the vulva or clitoris
                       subtype:  fellatio__fellation  oral stimulation of the penis
                          subtype:  cock_sucking__blowjob  slang terms for fellatio
                       subtype:  soixante-neuf__sixty-nine__sixtynine  oral sex practiced simultaneously by two people
                 subtype:  autoeroticism__autoerotism  using you own body as a sexual object
                    subtype:  masturbation__onanism__self-abuse  manual stimulation of the genital organs (of yourself or another) for sexual pleasure
                       subtype:  frottage  masturbation by rubbing against another person (as in a crowd)
                       subtype:  jacking_off__jackingoff__jerking_off__jerkingoff__hand_job__wank  slang terms for masturbation
                 subtype:  promiscuity__promiscuousness__promiscuousnes__sleepingaround  indulging in promiscuous (casual and indiscriminate) sexual relations
                    subtype:  one-night_stand.promiscuity__onenightstand  a brief sexual encounter lasting only for a single night; "he ran through a series of loveless one-night stands"
                 subtype:  lechery  unrestrained indulgence in sexual activity
                 subtype:  homosexuality__homosexualism__homoeroticism__gayness__gaynes  a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex
                    subtype:  lesbianism__sapphism  female homosexuality
                    subtype:  pederasty__paederasty  sexual relations between a man and a boy (usually anal intercourse with the boy as a passive partner)
                 subtype:  bisexuality  sexual activity with both men and women
                 subtype:  heterosexuality__heterosexualism__straightness  a sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the opposite sex
                 subtype:  bestiality__zooerastia__zooerasty  sexual activity between a person and an animal
              subtype:  insemination  the introduction of semen into the genital tract of a female
                 subtype:  artificial_insemination__AI  the introduction of semen into the oviduct or uterus by some means other than sexual intercourse
              subtype:  sleeping  the suspension of consciousness and decrease in metabolic rate
                 subtype:  sleepwalking__somnambulism__somnambulation__noctambulism__noctambulation  walking by a person who is asleep
                 subtype:  sleep_talking__sleeptalking__somniloquy__somniloquism  uttering speech while asleep
                 subtype:  catnap__nap__cat_sleep__catsleep__forty_winks__fortywink__short_sleep__shortsleep__snooze  a short sleep (usually not in bed)
                    subtype:  siesta  a nap in the early afternoon (especially in hot countries)
                 subtype:  doze__drowse  a light fitful sleep
              subtype:  reaction.bodily_process__response  a bodily process occurring due to the effect of some foregoing stimulus or agent; "a bad reaction to the medicine"; "his responses have slowed with age"
                 subtype:  automatism  any reaction that occurs automatically without conscious thought or reflection (especially the undirected behavior seen in psychomotor epilepsy)
                 subtype:  rebound.reaction  a reaction to a crisis or setback or frustration; "he is still on the rebound from his wife's death"
                 subtype:  overreaction  an excessive reaction; a reaction with inappropriate emotional behavior
                 subtype:  galvanic_skin_response__GSR__psychogalvanic_response__electrodermal_response__electrodermalresponse__electrical_skin_response__Fere_phenomenon__Tarchanoff_phenomenon  a change in the electrical properties of the skin in response to stress or anxiety; can be measured either by recording the electrical resistance of the skin or by recording weak currents generated by the body
                 subtype:  immune_response__immune_reaction__immunologic_response__immunologicresponse  a bodily defense reaction that recognizes an invading substance (an antigen: such as a virus or fungus or bacteria or transplanted organ) and produces antibodies specific against that antigen
                    subtype:  anamnestic_response__anamnestic_reaction  renewed rapid production of an antibody on the second (or subsequent) encounter with the same antigen
                    subtype:  humoral_immune_response__humoralimmuneresponse  an immune response (chiefly against bacterial invasion) that is mediated by B cells
                    subtype:  cell-mediated_immune_response  an immune response (chiefly against viral or fungal invasions or transplanted tissue) that involves T cells
                    subtype:  complement_fixation  an immune response in which an antigen-antibody combination inactivates a complement (so it is unavailable to participate in a second antigen-antibody combination)
                 subtype:  tropism  an involuntary orienting response; positive or negative reaction to a stimulus source
                    subtype:  ergotropism  an affinity for work
                    subtype:  geotropism  an orienting response to gravity
                    subtype:  heliotropism  an orienting response to the sun
                    subtype:  meteortropism  an effect of climate on biological processes (as the effect on joint pains etc.)
                    subtype:  neurotropism  an affinity for neural tissues
                    subtype:  phototropism  an orienting response to light
                    subtype:  trophotropism  an orienting response to food
                 subtype:  taxis.reaction__taxi  a locomotor response toward or away from an external stimulus by a motile (and usually simple) organism
                    subtype:  chemotaxis  movement by a cell or organism in reaction to a chemical stimulus
                       subtype:  negative_chemotaxis  movement away from a chemical stimulus
                       subtype:  positive_chemotaxis  movement toward a chemical stimulus
                 subtype:  kinesis__kinesi  a movement that is a response to a stimulus but is not oriented with respect to the source of stimulation
                 subtype:  double_take  a delayed reaction indicating surprise
                 subtype:  unconditioned_reflex__unconditionedreflex__reflex__instinctive_reflex__instinctivereflex__innate_reflex__inborn_reflex__physiological_reaction__physiologicalreaction  an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus
                    subtype:  accommodation_reflex__accommodationreflex  reflex changes in the eyes that enable an object to be focused on the retina
                    subtype:  Babinski_reflex__Babinski__Babinski_sign  extension upward of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front; normal in infants under the age of two years but a sign of brain or spinal cord injury in older persons
                    subtype:  belch__burp__burping  a reflex that expels wind noisily from the stomach through the mouth
                    subtype:  eye_blink__eyeblink__blink__blinking__wink__winking__nictitation__nictation  a reflex that closes and opens the eyes rapidly
                       subtype:  palpebration  repeated blinking or winking (especially if uncontrolled and persistent)
                    subtype:  blush__flush  sudden reddening of the face (as from embarrassment or guilt or shame or modesty)
                    subtype:  vomiting__vomit__emesis__regurgitation__disgorgement__puking  the reflex act of ejecting the contents of the stomach through the mouth
                       subtype:  rumination  regurgitation of small amounts of food; seen in some infants after feeding
                       subtype:  hematemesis__hematemesi__haematemesis  vomiting blood
                       subtype:  hyperemesis__hyperemesi  severe and excessive vomiting
                          subtype:  hyperemesis_gravidarum__hyperemesisgravidarum  hyperemesis during pregnancy; if severe it can result in damage to the brain and liver and kidney
                    subtype:  defecation_reflex__rectal_reflex  normal response to the presence of feces in the rectum
                    subtype:  yawn__yawning  an involuntary intake of breath through a wide open mouth; usually triggered by fatigue or boredom
                       subtype:  pandiculation  yawning and stretching (as when first waking up)
                    subtype:  electrical_shock__electric_shock__shock  a reflex response to the passage of electric current through the body
                    subtype:  fart__farting__flatus__wind__breaking_wind  a reflex that expels intestinal gas through the anus
                    subtype:  gulping__gulp  a spasmodic reflex of the throat made as if in swallowing
                    subtype:  knee_jerk__knee-jerk_reflex__patellar_reflex  a reflex extension of the leg resulting from a sharp tap on the patellar tendon
                    subtype:  light_reflex__lightreflex__pupillary_reflex__pupillaryreflex__miosis__myosis  reflex contraction of the sphincter muscle of the iris in response to a bright light (or certain drugs) causing the pupil to become smaller
                    subtype:  mydriasis__mydriasi  reflex pupillary dilation as a muscle pulls the iris outward; occurs in response to a decrease in light or certain drugs
                    subtype:  micturition_reflex__micturitionreflex  relaxation of the urethral sphincter in response to increased pressure in the bladder
                    subtype:  pharyngeal_reflex__gag_reflex__gagreflex  normal reflex consisting of retching; may be produced by touching the soft palate in the back of the mouth
                    subtype:  pilomotor_reflex__pilomotorreflex__gooseflesh__goose_bump__goosebump__goose_pimple__goosepimple__goose_skin__gooseskin__horripilation  reflex erection of hairs of the skin in response to cold or emotional stress or skin irritation
                    subtype:  plantar_reflex__plantarreflex  flexion of the toes when the sole of the foot is stroked firmly on the outer side from the heel to the front in persons over the age of 2 years; under 2 years the results should be extension of the toes (Babinski reflex)
                    subtype:  rooting_reflex__rootingreflex  reflex consisting of head-turning and sucking movements elicited in a normal infant by gently stroking the side of the mouth of cheek
                    subtype:  startle__jump__start  a sudden involuntary movement: "he awoke with a start"
                       subtype:  startle_response__startleresponse__startle_reaction__startlereaction  a complicated involuntary reaction to a sudden unexpected stimulus (especially a loud noise); involves flexion of most skeletal muscles and a variety of visceral reactions
                       subtype:  startle_reflex__startlereflex__Moro_reflex  a normal reflex of young infants; a sudden loud noise causes the child to stretch out the arms and flex the legs
                       subtype:  flinch__wince  a reflex response to sudden pain
                    subtype:  stretch_reflex__stretchreflex__myotacticreflex  reflex contraction of a muscle when an attached tendon is pulled; important in maintaining erect posture
                    subtype:  suckling_reflex  reflex behavior in newborn mammals; includes finding and grasping the nipple in the mouth and sucking on it and swallowing the milk
                    subtype:  tremble__shiver__shake  reflex shaking caused by cold or fear or excitement
                    subtype:  sneeze__sneezing__sternutation  a symptom consisting of the involuntary expulsion of air from the nose
                    subtype:  hiccup__hiccough__singultus__singultu  (usually plural) the state of having reflex spasms of the diaphragm accompanied by a rapid closure of the glottis producing an audible sound; sometimes a symptom of indigestion; "how do you cure the hiccups?"
                 subtype:  learned_reaction__learnedreaction__learned_response__learnedresponse  a reaction that has been acquired by learning
                    subtype:  conditional_reflex__conditionalreflex__conditioned_reflex__conditionedreflex__acquired_reflex__conditional_reaction__conditionalreaction__conditioned_reaction__conditionedreaction__conditional_response__conditionalresponse__conditioned_response__conditionedresponse  an acquired response that is under the control of (conditional on the occurrence of) a stimulus
                       subtype:  conditioned_avoidance_response__conditionedavoidanceresponse__conditioned_avoidance__conditionedavoidance  a conditioned response that anticipates the occurrence of an aversive stimulus
                 subtype:  passage.reaction__passing  a bodily process of passing from one place or stage to another; "the passage of air from the lungs"; "the passing of flatus"
                 subtype:  answer.reaction  a nonverbal reaction; "his answer to any problem was to get drunk"; "their answer was to sue me"
                 subtype:  transfusion_reaction__transfusionreaction  reaction of the body to a transfusion of blood that is not compatible with its own blood; an adverse reaction can range from fever and hives to renal failure and shock and death
              subtype:  crying__weeping__tears__tear  the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds); "I hate to hear the crying of a child"; "she was in tears"
                 subtype:  snivel__sniveling  whining in a tearful manner
                 subtype:  sob  convulsive gasp made while weeping
                 subtype:  wailing__bawling  loud cries made while weeping
              subtype:  ablactation  the cessation of lactation
              subtype:  anastalsis  muscular action of the alimentary tract in a direction opposite to peristalsis
              subtype:  expelling__discharge__emission  any of several bodily processes by which substances go out of the body; "the discharge of pus"
                 subtype:  ejaculation  the discharge of semen in males
                    subtype:  nocturnal_emission__nocturnalemission  ejaculation during sleep (usually during a dream)
                    subtype:  premature_ejaculation__prematureejaculation  ejaculation during the early stages of sexual excitement or soon after the insertion of the penis into the vagina
                 subtype:  excretion__evacuation__excreting__voiding  the bodily process of discharging waste matter
                    subtype:  defecation__laxation__shitting  the elimination of fecal waste through the anus
                       subtype:  bowel_movement__bowelmovement__movement__bm  a euphemism for defecation; "he had a bowel movement"
                       subtype:  hematochezia__haematochezia  passa ges of stools containing blood (as from diverticulosis or colon cancer or peptic ulcer)
                       subtype:  shit__dump  a coarse term for defecation; "he took a shit"
                       subtype:  urochesia__urochezia  passage of urine from the anus
                    subtype:  incontinence__incontinency  involuntary urination or defecation
                       subtype:  enuresis__urinary_incontinence__urinaryincontinence  inability to control the flow of urine and involuntary urination
                          subtype:  bed-wetting__bedwetting  enuresis during sleep; especially common in children (who usually outgrow it)
                          subtype:  overflow_incontinence  urinary incontinence that occurs when the bladder is so full that it continually leaks urine; often attributable to a blocked urethra (e.g., due to prostate enlargement) or weak bladder muscles or nerve damage
                          subtype:  stress_incontinence  urinary incontinence that occurs when involuntary pressure is put on the bladder by coughing or laughing or sneezing or lifting or straining
                          subtype:  urge_incontinence  urinary incontinence that is generally attributable to involuntary contracts of the bladder muscle resulting in an urgent need to urinate accompanied by a sudden loss of urine; most common in people over 60 years of age
                    subtype:  micturition__urination  the discharge of urine
                       subtype:  making_water__leak__wetting__passing_water__passingwater  a euphemism for urination; "he had to take a leak"
                       subtype:  lithuresis  passing small stones with the urine
                       subtype:  nocturia__nycturia  excessive urination at night; especially common in older men
                       subtype:  oliguria  production of an abnormally small amount of urine
                       subtype:  peeing__pee__pissing__piss  informal terms for urination; "he took a pee"
                 subtype:  menstruation__menses__catamenia__period__flow  the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus of nonpregnant women from puberty to menopause; "the women were sickly and subject to excessive menstruation"; "a woman does not take the gout unless her menses be stopped"--Hippocrates; "the semen begins to appear in males and to be emitted at the same time of life that the catamenia begin to flow in females"--Aristotle
                    subtype:  menorrhagia__hypermenorrhea  abnormally heavy or prolonged menstruation; can be a symptom of uterine tumors and can lead to anemia if prolonged
                    subtype:  oligomenorrhea  abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
              subtype:  expectoration  the process of coughing up and spitting out
              subtype:  festering  the formation and discharge of pus
              subtype:  healing  the natural process by which the body repairs itself
                 subtype:  convalescence__recuperation__recovery  gradual healing (through rest) after sickness or injury
                    subtype:  lysis.convalescence__lysi  recuperation in which the symptoms of an acute disease gradually subside
                    subtype:  rally.convalescence  a marked recovery of strength or spirits during an illness
                 subtype:  conglutination__union  healing process involving the growing together of the edges of a wound or the growing together of broken bones
              subtype:  hypostasis.bodily_process  the accumulation of blood in an organ
              subtype:  lacrimation__lachrymation__tearing__watering  shedding tears
              subtype:  lactation  the production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands
              subtype:  opsonization__opsonisation  process whereby opsonins make an invading microorganism more susceptible to phagocytosis
              subtype:  overactivity  excessive activity; "overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily"
              subtype:  peristalsis__peristalsi__vermiculation  the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along
              subtype:  sweating__perspiration__diaphoresis__diaphoresi__sudation__hidrosis  the process of the sweat glands of the skin secreting a salty fluid; "perspiration is a homeostatic process"
                 subtype:  hyperhidrosis__hyperhidrosi__hyperidrosis__polyhidrosis  excessive and profuse perspiration
              subtype:  phagocytosis  process in which phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms and cellular debris; an important defense against infection
              subtype:  pinocytosis  process by which certain cells can engulf and incorporate droplets of fluid
              subtype:  placentation.bodily_process  the formation of the placenta in the uterus
              subtype:  psilosis  falling out of hair
              subtype:  tanning.bodily_process  process in which skin pigmentation darkens as a result of exposure to ultraviolet light
           subtype:  carbon_cycle.organic_process__carboncycle  the organic circulation of carbon from the atmosphere into organisms and back again
           subtype:  catabolism__katabolism__dissimilation__destructivemetabolism  breakdown of more complex substances into simpler ones with release of energy
           subtype:  cell_division__cellular_division  the process in reproduction and growth by which a cell divides to form daughter cells
              subtype:  amitosis  the direct method of cell division characterized by simple division of the nucleus without formation of chromosomes
              subtype:  segmentation__cleavage  (embryology) the repeated division of a fertilised ovum
              subtype:  meiosis__miosis__reduction_division__reductiondivision  (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
                 subtype:  nondisjunction  meiosis in which there is a failure of paired homologous chromosomes to separate; results in an abnormal number of chromosomes in the daughter cells
              subtype:  mitosis__mitosi  cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same number of chromosomes
           subtype:  crossing_over__crossover  the interchange of sections between pairing homologous chromosomes during the prophase of meiosis
           subtype:  defoliation.organic_process  the loss of foliage
           subtype:  deossification  the loss of the mineral content of bone tissue
           subtype:  digestion  the organic process by which food is converted into substances that can be absorbed into the body
              subtype:  gastric_digestion__gastricdigestion  the process of breaking down proteins by the action of the gastric juice in the stomach
           subtype:  eburnation  a change that occurs in degenerative joint disease in which bone is converted into a dense smooth substance resembling ivory
           subtype:  ecchymosis  the escape of blood from ruptured blood vessels into the surrounding tissue to form a purple or black-and-blue spot on the skin
           subtype:  effacement  shortening of the uterine cervix and thinning of its walls as it is dilated during labor
           subtype:  erythropoiesis  the process of producing red blood cells in the bone marrow
           subtype:  phylogeny__evolution__phylogenesi  the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
              subtype:  anamorphosis.phylogeny  the evolution of one type of organism from another by a long series of gradual changes
              subtype:  anthropogenesis__anthropogeny  the evolution or genesis of the human race
              subtype:  emergent_evolution  the appearance of entirely new properties at certain critical stages in the course of evolution
              subtype:  macroevolution  evolution on a large scale extending over geologic era and resulting in the formation of new taxonomic groups
              subtype:  microevolution  evolution resulting from small specific genetic changes that can lead to a new subspecies
              subtype:  speciation  the evolution of a biological species
           subtype:  extravasation  the process of exuding or passing out of a vessel into surrounding tissues; said or blood or lymph or urine
              subtype:  blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation  the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
              subtype:  urocele  extravasation of urine into the scrotal sac
           subtype:  gastrulation  the process in which a gastrula develops from a blastula by the inward migration of cells
           subtype:  glycogenesis  the formation in animals of glycogen from glucose
           subtype:  maturation__growth__growing__development__ontogeny__ontogenesis__ontogenesi  the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level; "he proposed an indicator of osseous development in children"
              subtype:  amelogenesis  the developmental process of forming tooth enamel
              subtype:  angiogenesis  the formation of new blood vessels
              subtype:  apposition  (biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material
              subtype:  auxesis__auxesi  growth from increase in cell size without cell division
              subtype:  blossoming__flowering__florescence__anthesis__efflorescence  the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms
              subtype:  cenogenesis__cenogenesi__kenogenesis__kenogenesi__caenogenesis__cainogenesis__kainogenesis  introduction during embryonic development of characters or structure not present in the earlier evolutionary history of the strain or species (as addition of the placenta in mammalian evolution)
              subtype:  cytogenesis  the origin and development of cells
              subtype:  leafing__foliation  the process of forming leaves
              subtype:  fructification  the bearing of fruit
              subtype:  gametogenesis__gametogenesi  the development and maturation of sex cells through meiosis
                 subtype:  oogenesis__oogenesi  development of ova
                 subtype:  spermatogenesis__spermatogenesi  development of spermatozoa
              subtype:  germination__sprouting  the process whereby seeds or spores sprout and begin to grow
              subtype:  intussusception  (biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall
              subtype:  juvenescence  the process of growing into a youth
              subtype:  life_cycle.maturation__lifecycle  the course of developmental changes in an organism from fertilized zygote to maturity when another zygote can be produced
              subtype:  masculinization__masculinisation__virilization__virilisation  the abnormal development of male sexual characteristics in a female (usually as the result of hormone therapies or adrenal malfunction)
              subtype:  morphogenesis__morphogenesi  differentiation and growth of the structure of an organism (or a part of an organism)
              subtype:  myelinization__myelinisation  the development of a myelin sheath around a nerve fiber
              subtype:  neurogenesis  the development of nerve tissues
              subtype:  palingenesis__recapitulation  emergence during embryonic development of various characters or structures that appeared during the evolutionary history of the strain or species
              subtype:  proliferation  growth by the rapid multiplication of parts
              subtype:  psychomotor_development__psychomotordevelopment  progressive acquisition of skills involving both mental and motor activities
              subtype:  psychosexual_development  (psychoanalysis) the process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages: first oral stage and then anal stage and then phallic stage and then latency stage and finally genital stage
              subtype:  rooting  the process of putting forth roots and beginning to grow
              subtype:  teething__dentition__odontiasis  the eruption through the gums of baby teeth
                 subtype:  precocious_dentition  teething at an earlier age than expected
              subtype:  teratogenesis__teratogenesi  the development of defects in an embryo
           subtype:  hematopoiesis__hematopoiesi__haematopoiesis__hemopoiesis__haemopoiesis__hemogenesis__haemogenesis__hematosis__haematosis__hematogenesis__hematogenesi__haematogenesis__sanguification  the formation of blood cells in the living body (especially in the bone marrow)
           subtype:  heredity  the biological process whereby genetic factors are transmitted from one generation to the next
           subtype:  epistasis__epistasi__hypostasis  the suppression of a gene by the effect of an unrelated gene
           subtype:  nidation__implantation  (embryology) the organic process whereby a fertilized egg becomes implanted in the lining of the uterus of placental mammals
           subtype:  inhibition.organic_process  (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent the functioning of an organ or part; "the inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve"
           subtype:  invagination__introversion__intussusception  the folding in of an outer layer so as to form a pocket in the surface
           subtype:  involution.organic_process  reduction in size of an organ or part (as in the return of the uterus to normal size after childbirth)
           subtype:  karyokinesis  organic process consisting of the division of the nucleus of a cell during mitosis or meiosis
           subtype:  keratinization__keratinisation  organic process by which keratin is deposited in cells and the cells become horny (as in nails and hair)
           subtype:  Krebs_cycle__Krebs_citric_acid_cycle__citric_acid_cycle__tricarboxylic_acid_cycle  in all plants and animals: a series of enzymatic reactions in mitochondria involving oxidative metabolism of acetyl compounds to produce high-energy phosphate compounds that are the source of cellular energy
           subtype:  lymphopoiesis__lymphopoiesi  the formation of lymphocytes in the bone marrow and lymph nodes and thymus and spleen
           subtype:  maturement__maturation__ripening  coming to full development; becoming mature
           subtype:  metabolic_process__metabolicproces__metastasis  the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life
              subtype:  basal_metabolism__basalmetabolism  the amount of energy required to maintain the body of an individual in a resting state
              subtype:  fat_metabolism__fatmetabolism  a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body
              subtype:  glycolysis  a metabolic process that breaks down carbohydrates and sugars through a series of reactions to either pyruvic acid or lactic acid and release energy for the body in the form of ATP
           subtype:  metabolism__metamorphosis__metamorphosi  the marked and rapid transformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals
           subtype:  nitrogen_cycle  the circulation of nitrogen; nitrates from the soil are absorbed by plants which are eaten by animals that die and decay returning the nitrogen back to the soil
           subtype:  nitrogen_fixation  the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria
           subtype:  nondevelopment  failure of normal development to occur
              subtype:  agenesis__agenesia  imperfect development; nondevelopment of a part
           subtype:  nutrition.organic_process  the organic process of nourishing or being nourished; the processes by which an organism assimilates food and uses it for growth and maintenance
           subtype:  organification  the process of organ formation
           subtype:  ossification  the process of bone formation
           subtype:  ovulation  the expulsion of an ovum from the ovary (usually midway in the menstrual cycle)
           subtype:  oxidative_phosphorylation__oxidativephosphorylation  an enzymatic process in cell metabolism that synthesizes ATP from ADP
           subtype:  parturition__birth__giving_birth__birthing  the process of giving birth
              subtype:  brooding__incubation  sitting on eggs so as to hatch them by the warmth of the body
              subtype:  calving  giving birth to a calf
              subtype:  childbirth__childbearing__accouchement__vaginal_birth__vaginalbirth  the parturition process in human beings; having a baby; the process of giving birth to a child
                 subtype:  active_birth  childbirth during which the mother is encouraged to be an active participant
                 subtype:  alternative_birth__alternativebirth__alternative_birthing__alternativebirthing  a method of childbirth that avoids intrusive high-tech medicine in favor of more natural and homely settings
                 subtype:  natural_childbirth__naturalchildbirth  labor and childbirth without medical intervention; no drugs are given to relieve pain or aid the birth process; "natural childbirth is considered the safest for the baby"
                    subtype:  Bradley_method_of_childbirth__Bradley_method  a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth by providing education and exercises and nutrition and techniques of breathing and relaxation (with the assistance of the father)
                    subtype:  Lamaze_method_of_childbirth__Lamaze_method  a method that prepares a mother for natural childbirth; the pregnant woman (in classes and at home) practices (usually with the help of a coach) learns about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation and concentration and breathing
                    subtype:  Leboyer_method_of_childbirth__Leboyer_method  a method of childbirth that tries to minimize the trauma for the newborn; delivery occurs in a quiet dimly lit room and the infant's head is not pulled and immediate mother-child bonding is encouraged
                    subtype:  Read_method_of_childbirth__Read_method  a method of natural childbirth that assumes it is a normal process and that the pain is largely psychological; involves education and breathing exercises to foster relaxation and other exercises
              subtype:  farrow__farrowing  the production of a litter of pigs
              subtype:  hatching__hatch  the production of young from an egg
              subtype:  egg_laying__egglaying__laying  the production of eggs (especially in birds)
              subtype:  parturiency__labor__labour__confinement__lyingin__travail__childbed  concluding state of pregnancy; from the onset of labor to the birth of a child; "she was in labor for six hours"
                 subtype:  premature_labor__prematurelabor__premature_labour__prematurelabour  labor beginning prior to the 37th week of gestation
           subtype:  pathologic_process__pathological_process  an organic process occurring as a consequence of disease
              subtype:  feminization__feminisation  the process of becoming feminized; the development of female characteristics (loss of facial hair or breast enlargement) in a male because of hormonal disorders or castration
              subtype:  metastasis  the spreading of a disease to another part of the body
              subtype:  neoplasia  the pathological process that results in the formation and growth of a tumor
              subtype:  pathogenesis  the origination and development of a disease
                 subtype:  focalization__focalisation  the confinement of an infection to a limited area
              subtype:  zymosis  the development and spread of an infectious disease
           subtype:  perennation  the process of living through a number of years (as a perennial plant)
           subtype:  quellung_reaction__quellung  the swelling of the capsule surrounding a microorganism after reaction with an antibody; the basis of certain tests for identifying microorganisms; "pneumococcus quellung"
           subtype:  quickening  the process of showing signs of life; "the quickening of seed that will become ripe grain"
           subtype:  regeneration.organic_process  (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
              subtype:  morphallaxis  regeneration on a reduced scale of a body part; observed especially in invertebrates such as certain lobsters
           subtype:  replication.organic_process  (genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
           subtype:  reproduction  the process of generating offspring
              subtype:  asexual_reproduction__asexualreproduction__agamogenesis  reproduction without the fusion of gametes
                 subtype:  apomixis  any of several kinds of reproduction without fertilization
                    subtype:  apogamy  (botany) development of an embryo without fertilization; (especially in some ferns) development of a sporophyte from the gametophyte without fertilization
                    subtype:  parthenogenesis__parthenogenesi__parthenogeny  process in which an unfertilized egg develops into a new individual; common among insects and some other arthropods
                 subtype:  blastogenesis.asexual_reproduction__blastogenesi  asexual reproduction by budding
                 subtype:  budding  reproduction of some unicellular organisms by growth and specialization followed by the separation by constriction of a part of the parent
                 subtype:  fission  reproduction of some unicellular organisms by division of the cell into two more or less equal parts
                    subtype:  schizogony  asexual reproduction by multiple fission; characteristic of many sporozoan protozoans
                 subtype:  monogenesis__monogenesi__sporulation  asexual reproduction by the production and release of spores
                    subtype:  heterospory  the development of both microspores and megaspores
                    subtype:  homospory  the development of a single kind of asexual spores
                 subtype:  virgin_birth__parthenogenesis__parthenogenesi__parthenogeny  human conception without fertilization by a man
                    subtype:  androgenesis__androgeny  male parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only paternal chromosomes due to the failure of the egg nucleus to participate in fertilization
                    subtype:  gynogenesis__gynogenesi  female parthenogenesis in which the embryo contains only maternal chromosomes due to the failure of the sperm to fuse with the egg nucleus
              subtype:  sexual_reproduction__amphimixis  reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete
                 subtype:  anisogamy  (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size)
                 subtype:  isogamy  (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of games of the same size and structure
           subtype:  resorption__reabsorption  the organic process in which the substance of some differentiated structure that has been produced by the body undergoes lysis and assimilation
           subtype:  ripening__aging__ageing  acquiring desirable qualities by being left undisturbed for some time
              subtype:  mellowing  the process of becoming mellow
           subtype:  secernment__secretion  the organic process of synthesizing and releasing some substance
              subtype:  galactosis  the secretion of milk
              subtype:  hypersecretion  excessive secretion
              subtype:  salivation  the secretion of saliva
                 subtype:  ptyalism  excessive flow of saliva
           subtype:  segregation.organic_process  (genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes
           subtype:  shedding__sloughing  the process whereby something is shed
              subtype:  abscission  shedding of flowers and leaves and fruit following formation of scar tissue in a plant
              subtype:  molt__molting__moult__moulting__ecdysis__ecdysi  periodic shedding of the cuticle in arthropods or the outer skin in reptiles
           subtype:  symphysis__symphysi  a growing together of parts or structures
           subtype:  synapsis  the side by side pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes at the start of meiosis
           subtype:  synizesis__synizesi__synezesis__synezesi  the contraction of chromatin towards one side of the nucleus during the prophase of meiosis
           subtype:  transcription.organic_process  (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
           subtype:  transduction.organic_process  (genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
           subtype:  translation.organic_process  (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
           subtype:  translocation  (genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts; "translocations can result in serious congenital disorders"
           subtype:  translocation.organic_process  the transport of dissolved material within a plant
           subtype:  transpiration.organic_process  the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants
           subtype:  tumefaction  the process of tumefying; the organic process whereby tissue becomes swollen by the accumulation of fluid within it
           subtype:  vascularization__vascularisation  the organic process whereby body tissue becomes vascular and develops capillaries
           subtype:  vesiculation__vesication__blistering  the formation of vesicles
        subtype:  oscillation  the process of oscillating between states
           subtype:  libration  a real or apparent slow oscillation of a moon or satellite; "the libration of the moon"
        subtype:  oxygenation  the process of providing or combining or treating with oxygen; "the oxygenation of the blood"
        subtype:  pair_production__pair_creation__pair_formation  the transformation of a gamma-ray photon into an electron and a positron when the photon passes close to an atomic nucleus
        subtype:  phase_change__phasechange__phase_transition__phasetransition__state_change__statechange__physical_change  a change from one state (solid or liquid or gas) to another without a change in chemical composition
           subtype:  freezing__freeze  the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid
              subtype:  icing__frost  the formation of frost or ice on a surface
           subtype:  liquefaction  the conversion of a solid or a gas into a liquid
              subtype:  dissolving__dissolution  the process of going into solution; "the dissolving of salt in water"
           subtype:  melt__thaw__thawing__melting  the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid; "the power failure caused a refrigerator melt that was a disaster"; "the thawing of a frozen turkey takes several hours"
           subtype:  evaporation__vaporization__vaporisation__vapor__vapour  the process of becoming a vapor
              subtype:  boiling  the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas
              subtype:  clouding_up__clouding  the process whereby water particles become visible in the sky
              subtype:  smoke__smoking  a hot vapor containing fine particles of carbon being produced by combustion; "the fire produced a tower of black smoke that could be seen for miles"
        subtype:  precession_of_the_equinoxes  a slow westward shift of the equinoxes along the plane of the ecliptic caused by precession of the Earth's axis of rotation
        subtype:  release.natural_process  a process that liberates or discharges something; "there was a sudden release of oxygen"; "the release of iodine from the thyroid gland"
           subtype:  emission  the release of electrons from parent atoms
              subtype:  photoemission  emission of photoelectrons (especially from a metallic surface)
              subtype:  field_emission__fieldemission  the emission of electrons that are stripped from parent atoms by a high electric field
              subtype:  photoelectric_emission__photoelectricemission  the release or absorption of quanta above a certain energy level
              subtype:  secondary_emission__secondaryemission  the emission of electrons from a surface that is bombarded by higher energy primary electrons
              subtype:  thermionic_emission__thermal_emission__thermalemission  the emission of electrons from very hot substances
        subtype:  saltation.natural_process  (geology) the leaping movement of sand or soil particles as they are transported in a fluid medium over an uneven surface
        subtype:  scattering  the physical process in which particles are deflected haphazardly as a result of collisions
        subtype:  sericulture  raising silkworms in order to obtain raw silk
        subtype:  soakage__soak__soaking  the process of becoming softened and saturated as a consequence of being immersed in water (or other liquid); "a good soak put life back in the wagon"
        subtype:  softening  the process of becoming softer; "refrigeration delayed the softening of the fruit" or "he observed the softening of iron by heat"
           subtype:  maceration  softening due to soaking or steeping
        subtype:  sorption  the process in which one substance takes up or holds another (by either absorption or adsorption)
           subtype:  soaking_up__soakingup__absorption  (chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid
              subtype:  imbibition  (chemistry) the absorption of a liquid by a solid or gel
           subtype:  adsorption__surface_assimilation__surfaceassimilation  the accumulation of molecules of a gas to form a thin film on the surface of a solid
              subtype:  chemisorption  adsorption (especially when irreversible) by means of chemical instead of physical forces; "chemisorption of gaseous nitrogen on iron catalysts"
        subtype:  rigidifying__rigidification  the process of becoming stiff or rigid
           subtype:  rigor_mortis  muscular stiffening that begins 2 to 4 hours after death and last for about 4 days
        subtype:  stimulation.natural_process  (physiology) the effect of a stimulus (on nerves or organs etc.)
           subtype:  activation.stimulation  stimulation of activity in an organism or chemical
        subtype:  ecological_succession__succession  (ecology) the gradual and orderly process of change in an ecosystem brought about by the progressive replacement of one community by another until a stable climax is established
        subtype:  survival_of_the_fittest__survival__natural_selection__naturalselection__selection  a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment
        subtype:  synergy__synergism  the working together of two things (muscles or drugs for example) to produce an effect greater than the sum of their individual effects
           subtype:  potentiation  (medicine) the synergistic effect of two drugs given simultaneously
        subtype:  temperature_change__temperaturechange  a process whereby the degree of hotness of a body (or medium) changes
           subtype:  advection  (meteorology) the horizontal transfer of heat or other atmospheric properties
           subtype:  convection  the transfer of heat through a fluid (liquid or gas) caused by molecular motion
           subtype:  cooling__temperature_reduction__temperaturereduction  the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature
              subtype:  freezing__freeze  the withdrawal of heat to change something from a liquid to a solid
              subtype:  heat_dissipation  dissipation of heat
              subtype:  refrigeration__infrigidation  the process of cooling or freezing for preservative purposes
           subtype:  heating__warming  the process of becoming warmer; a rising temperature
              subtype:  boiling  the application of heat to change something from a liquid to a gas
              subtype:  induction_heating__inductionheating  the heating of a conducting material caused by an electric current induced in it
              subtype:  overheating  excessive heating
              subtype:  radiant_heating__radiantheating  heating a building by radiation from panels containing hot water or electrical heaters
              subtype:  melt__thaw__thawing__melting  the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid; "the power failure caused a refrigerator melt that was a disaster"; "the thawing of a frozen turkey takes several hours"
        subtype:  transduction  the process whereby a transducer accepts energy in one form and gives back related energy in a different form; "the transduction of acoustic waves into voltages by a microphone"
           subtype:  microphoning  the transduction of sound waves into electrical waves (by a microphone)
        subtype:  transpiration  the passage of gases through fine tubes because of differences in pressure or temperature
        subtype:  vitrification  the process of becoming vitreous
     subtype:  functioning__operation__performance  process or manner of functioning or operating; "the power of its engine determine its operation"; "the plane's operation in high winds"; "they compared the cooking performance of each oven"; "the jet's performance conformed to high standards"
     subtype:  photography  the process of producing images of objects on photosensitive surfaces
        subtype:  anaglyphy  the process of producing pictures in contrasting colors that appear three-dimensional when superimposed and viewed through spectacles with one red and one green lens
        subtype:  autotype__autotypy  process for producing permanent prints in a carbon pigment
        subtype:  powder_photography__powder_method__powder_technique  a process for identifying minerals or crystals; a small rod is coated with a powdered form of the substance and subjected to suitably modified X-rays; the pattern of diffracted rings is used for identification
        subtype:  skiagraphy__radiography  the process of making a radiograph; producing an image on a radiosensitive surface by radiation other than visible light
           subtype:  autoradiography  producing a radiograph by means of the radiation emitted from the specimen being photographed
        subtype:  scanning  the process of translating photographs into a digital form that can be recognized by a computer
        subtype:  video_digitizing__videodigitizing  the process of capturing and converting and storing video images for use by a computer
           subtype:  dithering  the process of representing intermediate colors by patterns of tiny colored dots that simulate the desired color
     subtype:  processing  preparing or putting through a prescribed procedure: "the processing of newly arrived immigrants"; "the processing of ore to obtain minerals"
        subtype:  blowing  processing that involves blowing a gas
           subtype:  insufflation.blowing  (medical) blowing air or medicated powder into the lungs (or into some other body cavity)
        subtype:  data_processing  the temporary retention of data in a processor while calculations or logical operations are performed on it
           subtype:  administrative_data_processing__business_data_processing  data processing in accounting or business management
           subtype:  automatic_data_processing__ADP  data processing by a computer
              subtype:  electronic_data_processing__EDP  automatic data processing by electronic means without the use of tabulating cards or punched tapes
              subtype:  integrated_data_processing__IDP  automatic data processing in which data acquisition and other stages or processing are integrated into a coherent system
           subtype:  distributed_data_processing__remote-access_data_processing__teleprocessing  data processing in which some of the functions are performed in different places and connected by transmission facilities
           subtype:  list_processing  processing data that is given in the form of chained lists
           subtype:  multiprocessing__parallel_processing  simultaneous processing by two or more processing units
           subtype:  operation.data_processing  (computer science) data processing in which the result is completely specified by a rule (especially the processing that results from a single instruction); "it can perform millions of operations per second"
              subtype:  memory_access__access  (computer science) the operation of reading or writing stored information
                 subtype:  disk_access  memory access to the computer disk on which information is stored
              subtype:  asynchronous_operation  operations that occur without a regular or predictable time relation to other events
              subtype:  auxiliary_operation__auxiliaryoperation__off-line_operation  a operation performed by off-line equipment not under the control of the central processing unit
              subtype:  boolean_operation__booleanoperation__binary_operation__binary_arithmetic_operation  an operation that follows the rules of boolean algebra; each operand and the result take one of two values
              subtype:  computer_operation__machine_operation__machineoperation  an elementary operation that a computer is designed and built to perform
                 subtype:  floating-point_operation__flop  an arithmetic operation performed on floating-point numbers; "this computer can perform a million flops per second"
                 subtype:  retrieval.computer_operation  (computer science) the operation of accessing information from the computer's memory
              subtype:  concurrent_operation  two or more operations performed at the same time (or within a give interval)
              subtype:  control_operation__controloperation__control_function__controlfunction  an operation that controls the recording or processing or transmission of interpretation of data; "a control operation started the data processing"
              subtype:  dyadic_operation  an operation on exactly two operands
              subtype:  fixed-cycle_operation__fixedcycleoperation  an operation that is completed in a specified number of regularly timed execution cycles
              subtype:  logic_operation__logicoperation__logical_operation__logicaloperation  an operation that follows the rules of symbolic logic
              subtype:  monadic_operation__monadicoperation__unary_operation__unaryoperation  an operation with exactly one operand
              subtype:  multiplex_operation__multiplexoperation  an operation in which two or more activities are interleaved
              subtype:  parallel_operation__simultaneous_operation  the simultaneous execution of two or more operations
              subtype:  printing_operation  an operation that controls the printing or display of information
                 subtype:  carriage_return  the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on a line
                 subtype:  line_feed  the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed on the next line
                 subtype:  new_line__newline  the operation that prepares for the next character to be printed or displayed as the first character on the next line
              subtype:  lookup__search  an operation that determines whether one or more of a set of items has a specified property; "they wrote a program to do a table lookup"
              subtype:  serial_operation__sequential_operation__consecutive_operation__consecutiveoperation  the sequential execution of operations one after another
              subtype:  sort.operation__sorting  an operation that segregates items into groups according to a specified criterion; "the bottleneck in mail delivery it the process of sorting"
              subtype:  synchronous_operation__synchronousoperation  operations that are initiated predictably by a clock
              subtype:  threshold_operation  an operation performed on operands in order to obtain the value of a threshold function
                 subtype:  majority_operation  a threshold operation in which each operand is 0 or 1; output is 1 if and only if more than half the operands have the value 1
           subtype:  priority_processing  data processing in which the operations performed are determined by a system of priorities
              subtype:  background_processing__backgrounding  the execution of low priority programs while higher priority programs are not using the processing system
              subtype:  foreground_processing__foregrounding  the execution of a program that preempts the use of the processing system
           subtype:  real-time_processing__real-time_operation  data processing fast enough to keep up with an outside process
           subtype:  serial_processing  sequential processing by two or more processing units
           subtype:  word_processing__wordprocessing  rapid and efficient processing (storage and printing) of linguistic data for composition and editing
        subtype:  developing__development  processing a photosensitive material in order to make an image visible; "the development and printing of his pictures took only two hours"
           subtype:  underdevelopment  (of film) inadequately processed and so lacking adequate contrast
        subtype:  refining__refinement  the process of removing impurities from oil or metals or sugar
        subtype:  vulcanization__vulcanisation  process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them
     subtype:  reversible_process  any process in which a system can be made to pass through the same states in the reverse order when the process is reversed
     subtype:  defining__shaping  any process serving to define the shape of something
     subtype:  uptake  a process of taking up or using up or consuming; "they developed paper napkins with greater uptake of liquids"
        subtype:  reuptake__re-uptake  a process of using up or consuming again; "psychopharmacologists discovered that amine reuptake is a process that inactivates monoamine neurotransmitters"

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