#mixture  (chemistry) a substance consisting of two or more substances mixed together (not in fixed proportions and not with chemical bonding)
  supertype:  substance__matter  that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
  subtype:  alloy__metal  a mixture containing two or more metallic elements or metallic and nonmetallic elements usually fused together or dissolving into each other when molten; "brass is an alloy of zinc and copper"
     subtype:  oroide__oreide  alloy of copper and tin and zinc; used in imitation gold jewelry
     subtype:  Alnico  trade name for an alloy used to make high-energy permanent magnets; contains aluminum and iron and nickel plus cobalt or copper or titanium
     subtype:  dental_amalgam__amalgam  an alloy of mercury with another metal (usually silver) used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth; except for iron and platinum all metals dissolve in mercury and chemists refer to the resulting mercury mixtures as amalgams
     subtype:  fusible_metal__fusiblemetal  an alloy with a low melting point and used as solder and in safety plugs and sprinkler fuses
     subtype:  electrum  an alloy of gold and silver
     subtype:  pewter  any of various alloys of tin with small amounts of other metals (especially lead)
     subtype:  pinchbeck  an alloy of copper and zinc that is used in cheap jewelry to imitate gold
     subtype:  pot_metal  an alloy of copper and lead used especially for making large pots
     subtype:  solder  an alloy (usually of lead and tin) used when melted to join two metal surfaces
        subtype:  hard_solder  solder that contains copper; melts at a relatively high temperature; used for brazing
        subtype:  silver_solder  a solder that contains silver
        subtype:  soft_solder  solder that melts at a relatively low temperature
     subtype:  white_gold__whitegold  a pale alloy of gold usually with platinum or nickel or palladium
     subtype:  type_metal  an alloy of tin and lead and antimony used to make printing type
     subtype:  white_metal__whitemetal__bearing_metal__bearingmetal  an alloy (often of lead or tin base) used for bearings
     subtype:  Babbitt_metal__babbitt  a alloy of tin with some copper and antimony; an anti-friction lining for bearings
     subtype:  Britannia_metal  an alloy similar to pewter
     subtype:  Carboloy  (trademark) an alloy based on tungsten with cobalt or nickel as a binder; used in making metal-cutting tools
     subtype:  steel  an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range
        subtype:  alloy_steel__alloysteel  steel who characteristics are determined by the addition of other elements in addition to carbon
           subtype:  stainless_steel__chromium_steel  steel containing chromium that makes it resistant to corrosion
           subtype:  chrome-nickel_steel__Elinvar  Elinvar is a trademark for a kind of nickel-chromium steel used for watch springs because its elasticity is constant over a wide range of temperatures
           subtype:  chrome-tungsten_steel  a steel alloy made with chromium and tungsten
           subtype:  austenitic_manganese_steel__manganese_steel__manganesesteel  a steel with a relatively large component (10-14%) of manganese; highly resistant to wear and shock
           subtype:  molybdenum_steel  steel containing 10-15% molybdenum; properties are similar to tungsten steel
           subtype:  nickel_steel  an alloy steel containing nickel
           subtype:  tool_steel  alloy steel that is suitable for making tools; is hard a tough and can retain a cutting edge
              subtype:  high-speed_steel__hot-work_steel  an alloy steel that remains hard at a red heat; used to make metal-cutting tools
           subtype:  tungsten_steel__wolfram_steel__wolframsteel  a very hard heat-resistant steel containing tungsten
           subtype:  vanadium_steel  steel alloyed with vanadium for greater strength and high-temperature stability
        subtype:  austenitic_steel  steel that has enough nickel and chromium or manganese to retain austenite at atmospheric temperatures
        subtype:  case-hardened_steel  steel with a surface that is much harder than the interior metal
        subtype:  carbon_steel  steel whose characteristics are determined by the amount of carbon it contains
           subtype:  drill_steel__drillsteel__drill_rod__drillrod  carbon steel used for rock drills and dowels
           subtype:  eutectoid_steel__eutectoidsteel  a steel that contains 0.9% carbon (the eutectic point in the iron-carbon system); a carbon steel with 0.9% carbon is pure pearlite
           subtype:  hyper-eutectoid_steel__hypereutectoidsteel  a steel that contains more than 0.9% carbon
           subtype:  hypo-eutectoid_steel  a steel that contains less that 0.9% carbon
        subtype:  crucible_steel  steel made by the mixture of molten wrought iron, charcoal, and other substances in a crucible
        subtype:  Damascus_steel__Damask_steel  a hard resilient steel often decorated and used for sword blades
        subtype:  chisel_steel  steel used in making chisels
        subtype:  hard_steel  steel with more than 0.3% carbon
        subtype:  medium_steel  steel with 0.15-0.3% carbon
        subtype:  mild_steel__low-carbon_steel__soft-cast_steel  steel with less than 0.15% carbon
        subtype:  quenched_steel  steel that has been hardened by immersing it in water or oil to cool it
           subtype:  oil-hardened_steel  steel that is quenched in oil
        subtype:  structural_steel  a strong steel that is rolled into shapes that are used in construction
     subtype:  cheoplastic_metal__cheoplasticmetal  any low-fusing alloy used in cheoplasty (molding artificial teeth)
     subtype:  copper-base_alloy  any alloy whose principal component is copper
        subtype:  brass__bras  an alloy of copper and zinc
           subtype:  alpha-beta_brass__Muntz_metal__yellow_metal  a brass that has more zinc and is stronger than alpha brass; used in making castings and hot-worked products
              subtype:  manganese_bronze__manganesebronze__highstrengthbras  a brass with from 1-4% manganese to harden it
              subtype:  naval_brass__navalbras__Admiralty_brass__Admiralty_Metal__Tobin_bronze  alpha-beta brass containing tin; resistant to sea water; Admiralty Metal is a trademark
           subtype:  alpha_brass__alphabras  a brass-zinc alloy; used mainly for cold working
           subtype:  bearing_brass__bearingbras  a brass bushing or a lining for a bearing
           subtype:  cartridge_brass__cartridgebras  a copper-zinc alloy (containing about 30% zinc) that is wrought into cartridges or tubing
           subtype:  gilding_metal__gildingmetal  a brass that is rich in copper; used to make articles that were to be gilded
           subtype:  high_brass  brass with 35% zinc
           subtype:  latten  brass (or a yellow alloy resembling brass) that was hammered into thin sheets; formerly used for church utensils
           subtype:  low_brass__lowbras  brass with 30% (or less) zinc
           subtype:  ormolu  brass that looks like gold; used to decorate furniture
           subtype:  red_brass__guinea_gold  brass with enough copper to give it a reddish tint; used for plumbing pipe and other brass hardware and in cheap jewelry
        subtype:  bronze  an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin
           subtype:  gunmetal  a type of bronze used for parts subject to wear or corrosion (especially corrosion by sea water)
           subtype:  phosphor_bronze  a corrosion-resistant bronze containing phosphorus; used in bearings and gears
           subtype:  alpha_bronze__alphabronze  a copper-tin alloy that can be worked
           subtype:  bell_metal  bronze with 3 or 4 parts copper to 1 part tin; used in making bells
           subtype:  beryllium_bronze__berylliumbronze  a copper-base alloy containing beryllium
           subtype:  leaded_bronze  bronze to which 1-4% lead is added
           subtype:  nickel_bronze  a bronze containing up to 30% nickel
           subtype:  silicon_bronze__siliconbronze  a bronze with 2-3% silicon that is resistant to corrosion
        subtype:  cupronickel  a 60/40 alloy of copper and nickel
        subtype:  aluminum_bronze__aluminium_bronze__aluminiumbronze  a copper-aluminum alloy with high tensile strength and resistance to corrosion
        subtype:  constantan__Eureka  a copper-nickel alloy with high electrical resistance and a low temperature coefficient; used as resistance wire
     subtype:  dental_gold  an alloy of gold used in dentistry
     subtype:  Duralumin  (trademark) an aluminum-based alloy
     subtype:  Inconel  (trademark) an nickel-base alloy with chromium and iron; used in gas-turbine blades
     subtype:  Invar  (trademark) an alloy of iron and nickel having a low coefficient of thermal expansion; used in tuning forks and measuring tapes and other instruments
     subtype:  nickel-base_alloy__nickel_alloy  an alloy whose main constituent is nickel
        subtype:  Monel_metal__Monell_metal  an alloy of nickel and copper and other metals (such as iron and/or manganese and/or aluminum)
        subtype:  Nichrome  (trademark) a nickel-chromium alloy with high electrical resistance and an ability to withstand high temperatures; used for resistance heating elements
        subtype:  Permalloy  an 80/20 alloy of nickel and iron; easily magnetized and demagnetized
     subtype:  nickel_silver__German_silver  a silver-white alloy containing copper and zinc and nickel
     subtype:  pyrophoric_alloy  an alloy that emits sparks when struck or scratched with steel; used in lighter flints
        subtype:  ferrocerium  a pyrophoric alloy of iron with cerium; used for lighter flints
        subtype:  misch_metal  a pyrophoric alloy made from a mixture of rare-earth metals
     subtype:  shot_metal  an alloy that is 98% lead and 2% arsenic; used in making small shot
     subtype:  Stellite  (trademark) a cobalt-base alloy with chromium and other metals; very hard; used to make cutting tools and for surfaces subject to heavy wear
     subtype:  sterling_silver  a silver alloy with no more than 7.5% copper
     subtype:  tombac__tombak__tambac  an alloy of copper and zinc (and sometimes arsenic) used to imitate gold in cheap jewelry and for gilding
     subtype:  Wood's_metal__Wood's_alloy  a fusible bismuth-base alloy; melts at about 160 degrees Fahrenheit
  subtype:  colloid  a mixture with properties between those of a solution and fine suspension
     subtype:  silver_protein  a colloid preparation of protein (albumin or gelatin) and silver oxide; used in aqueous solution as an antibacterial agent
     subtype:  colloidal_gel__colloidalgel__gel  a colloid in a more solid form than a sol
        subtype:  hydrogel  a colloidal gel in which water is the dispersion medium
     subtype:  sol__colloidalsolution__colloidal_suspension__colloidalsuspension  a colloid that has a continuous liquid phase in which a solid is suspended in a liquid
     subtype:  emulsion  (chemistry) a colloid in which both phases are liquids; "an oil-in-water emulsion"
     subtype:  silica_gel  a porous form of silica that is highly absorbent
  subtype:  composition.mixture  a mixture of ingredients
     subtype:  paste  any mixture of a soft and malleable consistency
     subtype:  beebread__ambrosia  a mixture of nectar and pollen prepared by worker bees and fed to larvae
     subtype:  compost  a mixture of decaying vegetation and manure; used as a fertilizer
     subtype:  soup.composition  (informal) any composition having a consistency suggestive of soup
  subtype:  mechanical_mixture  a mixture whose components can be separated by mechanical means
  subtype:  eutectic  a mixture of substances having a minimum melting point
  subtype:  solution.mixture  a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances; frequently (but not necessarily) a liquid solution; "he used a solution of peroxide and water"
     subtype:  brine  a strong solution of salt and water used for pickling
     subtype:  aqueous_solution__aqueoussolution  a solution in water
     subtype:  bleach_liquor  a solution containing bleaching agents that is used to bleach textiles or paper pulp
     subtype:  buffer_solution  a solution containing a buffer
        subtype:  starting_buffer  buffer solution at the start of a reaction
        subtype:  phosphate_buffer_solution__PBS__pb  a solution containing a phosphate buffer
     subtype:  collodion  a colorless syrupy solution of pyroxylin in ether and alcohol; used as a coating for wounds or photographic films
     subtype:  chlorine_water  an aqueous solution of chlorine used as a bleaching agent
     subtype:  conjugate_solution__conjugatesolution__conjugate  a mixture of two partially miscible liquids A and B produces two conjugate solutions: one of A in B and another of B in A
     subtype:  dilution.solution  a diluted solution
     subtype:  electrolyte  a solution that conducts electricity; "the proper amount and distribution of electrolytes in the body is essential for health"
        subtype:  polyelectrolyte  an electrolyte of high molecular weight
     subtype:  eluate  a liquid solution that results from elution
     subtype:  Fehling's_solution  a liquid solution of copper sulfate and potassium tartrate and sodium hydroxide that is used to test for sugar in the urine; solution turns reddish when sugar is present
     subtype:  formalin__formol  a 10% solution of formaldehyde in water; used as a disinfectant or to preserve biological specimens
     subtype:  mouthwash  a medicated solution used for gargling and rinsing the mouth
     subtype:  extract__infusion  a solution obtained by steeping or soaking a substance (usually in water)
        subtype:  beef_tea__Bovril  an extract of beef (given to people who are ill)
        subtype:  black_catechu__blackcatechu__catechu  extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dying and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally
        subtype:  pancreatin  extract from the pancreas of animals that contains pancreatic enzymes; used to treat pancreatitis and other conditions involving insufficient pancreatic secretions
     subtype:  injectant__injection  any solution that is injected (as into the skin)
     subtype:  isotonic_solution__isosmotic_solution__isosmoticsolution  a solution having the same osmotic pressure as blood
        subtype:  Ringer's_solution__Ringer_solution  an aqueous solution containing the chlorides of sodium and potassium and calcium that is isotonic to animal tissues; used to correct dehydration and (in physiological experiments) as a medium for in vitro preparations
        subtype:  saline_solution__saline  an isotonic solution of sodium chloride and distilled water
     subtype:  liquid_bleach  a solution containing bleaching agents; used for laundry
     subtype:  sap  a watery solution of sugars, salts, and minerals that circulates through the vascular system of a plant
        subtype:  manna  hardened sugary exudation of various trees
     subtype:  primary_solid_solution__primarysolidsolution__solid_solution__solidsolution  a homogeneous solid that can exist over a range of component chemicals; a constituent of alloys that is formed when atoms of an element are incorporated into the crystals of a metal
        subtype:  austenite  a solid solution of ferric carbide or carbon in iron; cools to form pearlite or martensite
        subtype:  ferrite  a solid solution in which alpha iron is the solvent
        subtype:  martensite  a solid solution of carbon in alpha-iron that is formed when steel is cooled so rapidly that the change from austenite to pearlite is suppressed; responsible for the hardness of quenched steel
        subtype:  double_salt  a solid solution of two simple salts
           subtype:  Rochelle_salt__Rochelle_salts  a double salt used in Seidlitz powder; acts as a cathartic
           subtype:  Paris_green  a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
     subtype:  spirits_of_ammonia__sal_volatile__salvolatile  a solution of ammonium carbonate in ammonia water and alcohol
     subtype:  toner.solution  a solution containing chemicals that can change the color of a photographic print
  subtype:  suspension  a mixture in which fine particles are suspended in a fluid where they are supported by buoyancy
     subtype:  slurry  a suspension of insoluble particles (as plaster of paris or lime or clay etc.) usually in water
     subtype:  resuspension  a renewed suspension of insoluble particles after they have been precipitated
     subtype:  mash.suspension  a mixture of mashed malt grains and hot water; used in brewing
        subtype:  sour_mash  a mash with optimum acidity for yeast fermentation; a mixture of old and new mash; used in distilling some whiskeys
     subtype:  vapor__vapour  a visible suspension in the air of particles of some substance
        subtype:  steam  water at boiling temperature diffused in the atmosphere
           subtype:  live_steam  steam coming from a boiler at full pressure
        subtype:  water_vapor__watervapor__water_vapour__watervapour  water in a vaporous form diffused in the atmosphere but below boiling temperature
           subtype:  spray.water_vapor  water in small drops in the atmosphere; blown from waves or thrown up by a waterfall
              subtype:  sea_spray__seaspray  spray from ocean waves
              subtype:  spindrift__spoondrift  spray blown up from the surface of the sea
  subtype:  freezing_mixture  a mixture of substances (usually salt and ice) to obtain a temperature below the freezing point of water
  subtype:  Greek_fire  a mixture used by Byzantine Greeks that was often shot at adversaries; catches fire when wetted
  subtype:  gummite  a gummy orange mixture of uranium oxides and silicates occurring naturally in the hydration and oxidation of pitchblende
  subtype:  lamellar_mixture  a mixture in which substances occur in distinct layers
     subtype:  pearlite  a lamellar mixture of cementite and ferrite formed during the cooling of austenite; a micro-constituent of steel and cast iron
        subtype:  granular_pearlite__globular_pearlite  if steel or iron cool very slowly the cementite may occur in globules instead of in layers
  subtype:  matte  a mixture of sulfides that forms when sulfide metal ores are smelted
     subtype:  sparkle_metal__sparklemetal  matte that has 74 percent copper
  subtype:  oxyacetylene  a mixture of oxygen and acetylene; used to create high temperatures for cutting or welding metals
  subtype:  petrolatum__petroleum_jelly__petroleumjelly__mineral_jelly__mineraljelly  a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum; used in medicinal ointments and for lubrication
     subtype:  Vaseline  a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly
  subtype:  plaster  a mixture of lime or gypsum with sand and water; hardens into a smooth solid; used to cover walls and ceilings
     subtype:  finish_coat__finishing_coat__finishingcoat  the final coating of plaster applied to walls and ceilings; "we can't paint until they put on the finishing coat"
     subtype:  grout  a thin mortar that can be poured and used to fill cracks in masonry or brickwork
     subtype:  parget__pargeting__pargetting  plaster used to coat outer walls and line chimneys
     subtype:  roughcast.plaster  a coarse plaster for the surface of external walls
     subtype:  spackle__spackling_compound__spacklingcompound  powder (containing gypsum plaster and glue) that when mixed with water forms a plastic paste used to fill cracks and holes in plaster
     subtype:  stucco  a plaster now made mostly from Portland cement and sand and lime; applied while soft to cover exterior walls or surfaces
  subtype:  soda_lime  a mixture of sodium and calcium hydroxides; absorbs liquids and gases

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