#medical_care__medicalcare__medical_aid__medicalaid  professional treatment for illness or injury
  supertype:  treatment  care by procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury
  part:  medical_diagnosis
  subtype:  aftercare  care and treatment of a convalescent patient
  subtype:  hospitalization__hospitalisation__hospital_care  medical care in a hospital
  subtype:  therapy  (medicine) the act of caring for someone (as by medication or remedial training etc.); "the quarterback is undergoing treatment for a knee injury"; "he tried every treatment the doctors suggested"; "heat therapy gave the best relief"
     subtype:  chemotherapy  the use of chemical agents to treat or control disease (or mental illness)
        subtype:  chrysotherapy  the use of chemicals containing gold for treating diseases (such as rheumatoid arthritis)
     subtype:  correction  treatment of a specific defect; "the correction of his vision with eye glasses"
        subtype:  spinal_fusion__fusion  correction of an unstable part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae; usually done surgically but sometimes done by traction or immobilization
     subtype:  electric_healing__galvanism__electricalhealing  the therapeutic application of electricity to the body
     subtype:  heliotherapy__insolation  therapeutic exposure to sunlight
     subtype:  hormone_replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__hormone-replacement_therapy__hormonereplacementtherapy__HRT  hormones (estrogen and progestin) are given to postmenopausal women; believed to protect them from heart disease and osteoporosis
     subtype:  infrared_therapy  the use of infrared radiation (as by infrared lamps or heating pads or hot water bottles) to relieve pain and increase circulation to a particular area of the body
     subtype:  inflation_therapy__inflationtherapy  therapy in which water or oxygen or a drug is introduced into the respiratory tract with inhaled air
     subtype:  medication  the act of treating with medicines or remedies
        subtype:  giving_medication__administration  the act of administering medication
           subtype:  drip_feed  the administration of a solution (blood or saline or plasma etc.) one drop at a time
           subtype:  drugging__sedation  the administration of a sedative agent or drug
        subtype:  irrigation  (medicine) cleaning a wound or body organ by flushing or washing out with water or a medicated solution
           subtype:  douche  irrigation with a jet of water or medicated solution into or around a body part (especially the vagina) to treat infections or cleanse from odorous contents
           subtype:  enema__clyster  injection of a liquid through the anus to stimulate evacuation; sometimes used for diagnostic purposes
              subtype:  barium_enema  contrast medium is injected into the rectum and x-rays are taken to search for lesions
           subtype:  lavage  washing out a hollow organ (especially the stomach) by flushing with water
              subtype:  gastric_lavage__gastriclavage  washing out the stomach with sterile water or a salt-water solution; removes blood or poisons; "when the doctor ordered a gastric lavage the hospital pumped out my stomach"
     subtype:  megavitamin_therapy__megavitamintherapy  therapy based on a theory that taking very large doses of vitamins will prevent or cure physical or psychological disorders
     subtype:  surgical_operation__operation__surgery__surgical_procedure__surgical_process  a therapeutic procedure with instruments to repair damage or arrest disease in a living body; "they will schedule the operation as soon as an operating room is available"; "he died while undergoing surgery"
        subtype:  cutting_out__cuttingout__ablation__extirpation__excision  surgical removal of a body part or tissue
           subtype:  adenoidectomy  surgical removal of the adenoids; commonly performed along with tonsillectomy
           subtype:  adrenalectomy__suprarenalectomy  surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands
           subtype:  appendectomy__appendicectomy  surgical removal of the vermiform appendix
           subtype:  cholecystectomy  surgical removal of the gall bladder (usually for relief of gallstone pain)
              subtype:  laparoscopic_cholecystectomy__lap_choly__lapcholy  removal of the gall bladder through small punctures in the abdomen to permit the insertion of a laparoscope and surgical instruments
           subtype:  embolectomy  surgical removal of an embolus (usually from an artery)
           subtype:  ennervation  surgical removal of a nerve
           subtype:  hypophysectomy  surgical removal of the pituitary gland
           subtype:  hysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus
              subtype:  radical_hysterectomy__radicalhysterectomy__panhysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus and the ovaries and oviducts and cervix and related lymph nodes
              subtype:  total_hysterectomy__totalhysterectomy  surgical removal of the uterus and cervix
           subtype:  laminectomy  surgical removal of the bony arches on one or more vertebrae
           subtype:  laryngectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the larynx (usually to treat cancer of the larynx)
           subtype:  lithotomy  surgical removal of a stone (calculus)
              subtype:  cholelithotomy  removal of gallstone through an incision in the gallbladder
           subtype:  lobectomy  surgical removal of a lobe from any organ of the body (as the lung or brain)
           subtype:  lumpectomy  surgical removal of a tumor without removing much of the surrounding tissue or lymph nodes; performed in some cases of breast cancer
           subtype:  mastectomy  surgical removal of a breast to remove a malignant tumor
              subtype:  modified_radical_mastectomy  removal of a breast and the pectoralis minor and some lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
              subtype:  radical_mastectomy__radicalmastectomy  removal of a breast and the underlying muscles (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) and lymph nodes in the adjacent armpit
              subtype:  simple_mastectomy  removal of a breast leaving the underlying muscles and the lymph nodes intact
           subtype:  mastoidectomy  surgical removal of the mastoid process
           subtype:  meniscectomy  surgical removal of the meniscus of the knee
           subtype:  nephrectomy  surgical removal of a kidney
           subtype:  neurectomy  surgical removal of all or part of a nerve
           subtype:  oophorectomy__ovariectomy  surgical removal of one of both ovaries
           subtype:  oophorosalpingectomy  surgical removal of one or both ovaries and the corresponding Fallopian tubes
           subtype:  ophthalmectomy  surgical removal of an eye
           subtype:  orchidectomy__orchiectomy  surgical removal of one or both testicles
           subtype:  pancreatectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the pancreas
           subtype:  pneumonectomy  surgical removal of a lung (usually to treat lung cancer)
           subtype:  prostatectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
           subtype:  salpingectomy  surgical removal of one or both Fallopian tubes
           subtype:  sigmoidectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the sigmoid colon (usually to remove a malignant tumor)
           subtype:  splenectomy  surgical removal of the spleen
           subtype:  stapedectomy  surgical removal of the stapes of the middle ear
           subtype:  sympathectomy  surgical interruption of a nerve pathway in the sympathetic nervous system
           subtype:  thrombectomy  surgical removal of a blood clot (thrombus) from a blood vessel
           subtype:  thyroidectomy  surgical removal of the thyroid gland
           subtype:  tonsillectomy  surgical removal of the palatine tonsils; commonly performed along with adenoidectomy
           subtype:  vasectomy  surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
           subtype:  vulvectomy  surgical removal of part or all of the vulva
        subtype:  amputation  a surgical removal of all or part of a limb
        subtype:  angioplasty  an operation to repair a damaged blood vessel or unblock a coronary artery
        subtype:  arthroplasty  surgical reconstruction or replacement of a malformed or degenerated joint
        subtype:  arthroscopy  a minimally invasive operation to repair a damaged joint; the surgeon examines the joint with an arthroscope while making repairs through a small incision
        subtype:  autoplasty  surgical repair by using tissue from another part of the patient's own body
        subtype:  brain_surgery__brainsurgery  any surgical procedure involving the brain
           subtype:  psychosurgery  brain surgery on human patients intended to relieve severe and otherwise intractable mental or behavioral problems
              subtype:  amygdalotomy  psychosurgery in which amygdaloid fibers that mediate limbic system activity are severed (in cases of extreme uncontrollable violence)
              subtype:  callosotomy  severing the corpus callosum so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted (in cases of severe intractable epilepsy)
              subtype:  prefrontal_lobotomy__lobotomy__leukotomy__leucotomy__prefrontalleukotomy__prefrontal_leucotomy  surgical interruption of nerve tracts to and from the frontal lobe of the brain; often results in marked cognitive and personality changes
                 subtype:  transorbital_lobotomy  a method of performing prefrontal lobotomy in which the surgical knife is inserted above the eyeball and moved to cut brain fibers
           subtype:  split-brain_technique__splitbraintechnique  brain surgery on animals in which the corpus callosum (and sometimes the optic chiasm) is severed so that communication between the cerebral hemispheres is interrupted
        subtype:  castration  surgical removal of the testes or ovaries (usually to inhibit hormone secretion in cases of breast cancer in women or prostate cancer in men); "bilateral castration results in sterilization"
        subtype:  cauterization__cautery__cauterisation  the act of coagulating blood and destroying tissue with a hot iron or caustic agent or by freezing
           subtype:  cryocautery  application of a substance that destroys tissue by freezing it
           subtype:  thermocautery  cautery (destruction of tissue) by heat
              subtype:  electrocautery  application of a needle heated by an electric current to destroy tissue (as to remove warts)
        subtype:  chemosurgery  use of chemical to destroy diseased or malignant tissue; used in treatment of skin cancer
        subtype:  craniotomy  a surgical opening through the skull
        subtype:  cryosurgery  the use of extreme cold (usually liquid nitrogen) to destroy unwanted tissue (warts or cataracts or skin cancers)
        subtype:  curettage__curettement  surgery to remove tissue or growths from a bodily cavity (as the uterus) by scraping with a curette
           subtype:  suction_curettage__suctioncurettage__vacuum_aspiration  a method of induced abortion; prior to the 14th week of gestation the embryo and placenta are removed by applying suction to the dilated cervix
        subtype:  debridement  surgical removal of foreign material and dead tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
        subtype:  decortication  surgical removal of the cortex of an organ or part
        subtype:  dilation_and_curettage__dilatation_and_curettage__D_and_C  a surgical procedure usually performed under local anesthesia in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curet; performed to obtain tissue samples or to stop prolonged bleeding or to remove small tumors or to remove fragments of placenta after childbirth or as a method of abortion
        subtype:  electrosurgery  surgery performed with electrical devices (as in electrocautery)
        subtype:  enterostomy  surgical operation that creates a permanent opening through the abdominal wall into the intestine
        subtype:  enucleation  surgical removal of something without cutting into it; "the enucleation of the tumor"
        subtype:  evisceration  surgical removal of an organ (or the contents of an organ) from a patient
        subtype:  exenteration  surgical removal of the organs within a body cavity (as those of the pelvis)
        subtype:  fenestration  surgical procedure that creates a new fenestra to the cochlea in order to restore hearing lost because of osteosclerosis
        subtype:  gastrectomy  surgical removal of all or part of the stomach
        subtype:  gastroenterostomy  surgical creation of an opening between the stomach wall and the small intestines; performed when the normal opening has been eliminated
        subtype:  gastrostomy  surgical creation of an opening through the abdominal wall into the stomach (as for gastrogavage)
        subtype:  heart_surgery__heartsurgery  any surgical procedure involving the heart
           subtype:  closed-heart_surgery  heart surgery in which a small incision is made (the chest cavity is not opened)
              subtype:  port-access_coronary_bypass_surgery  heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed by the use of small instruments and tiny cameras threaded through small incisions while the heart is stopped and blood is pumped through a heart-lung machine
              subtype:  minimally_invasive_coronary_bypass_surgery  heart surgery in which a coronary bypass is performed on the beating heart by the use of small instruments and cameras threaded through small incisions
           subtype:  open-heart_surgery  heart surgery in which the rib cage is spread open and surgery to fix a heart valve or repair a coronary artery is performed while the heart is stopped and blood is detoured through a heart-lung machine
              subtype:  coronary_bypass_surgery__coronary_bypass__coronary_artery_bypass_graft__CABG  open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart
        subtype:  hemorrhoidectomy__haemorrhoidectomy  surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them
        subtype:  hysterotomy  surgical incision into the uterus (as in cesarean section)
        subtype:  iridectomy  surgical removal of part of the iris of the eye
        subtype:  iridotomy  a surgical procedure that makes an incision in the iris of the eye in order to enlarge the pupil or to treat glaucoma
        subtype:  intestinal_bypass  surgical operation that shortens the small intestine; used in treating obesity
        subtype:  jejunostomy  surgical creation of an opening between the jejunum and the anterior abdominal wall; will allow artificial feeding
        subtype:  major_surgery__majorsurgery  any surgical procedure that involves anesthesia or respiratory assistance
        subtype:  microsurgery  surgery using operating microscopes and miniaturized precision instruments to perform intricate procedures on very small structures
           subtype:  robotic_telesurgery__robotictelesurgery  microsurgery in which the surgeon performs surgery by manipulating the hands of a robot
        subtype:  minor_surgery__minorsurgery  any surgical procedure that does not involve anesthesia or respiratory assistance
        subtype:  myotomy  surgical incision or division of a muscle
        subtype:  myringectomy  surgical removal of the eardrum
        subtype:  myringoplasty  surgical repair of a perforated eardrum with a tissue graft
        subtype:  myringotomy  surgical incision into the eardrum (to relieve pressure or release pus from the middle ear)
        subtype:  neurosurgery  any surgery that involves the nervous system (brain or spinal cord or peripheral nerves)
        subtype:  nose_job__rhinoplasty  cosmetic surgery to improve the appearance of your nose
        subtype:  orchiopexy  operation to bring an undescended testicle into the scrotum
        subtype:  osteotomy  surgical sectioning of bone
        subtype:  ostomy  surgical procedure that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily wastes
           subtype:  colostomy  a surgical operation that creates an opening from the colon to the surface of the body to function as an anus
           subtype:  ileostomy  surgical procedure that creates an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall to function as an anus; performed in cases of cancer of the colon or ulcerative colitis
        subtype:  phalloplasty  reconstructive surgery on the penis to repair congenital abnormality or injury
        subtype:  phlebectomy  surgical removal or all or part of a vein; sometimes done in cases of severe varicose veins
        subtype:  photocoagulation  surgical procedure that uses an intense laser beam to destroy diseased retinal tissue or to make a scar that will hold the retina in cases of detached retina
        subtype:  plastic_surgery__plasticsurgery__cosmetic_surgery__anaplasty  surgery concerned with therapeutic or cosmetic reformation of tissue
           subtype:  rhytidectomy__face_lift__face_lifting__rhytidoplasty  plastic surgery to remove wrinkles and other signs of aging from your face; an incision is made near the hair line and skin is pulled back and excess tissue is excised
           subtype:  keratoplasty__corneal_gaft__cornealgaft  a surgical procedure in which part or all of the cornea is replaced by healthy corneal tissue from a donor
              subtype:  epikeratophakia  using a piece of donated corneal tissue to repair the eye of someone who has had a cataract removed; "epikeratophakia gave her a living contact lens"
        subtype:  polypectomy  surgical removal of a polyp
        subtype:  resection  surgical removal of part of a structure or organ
           subtype:  transurethral_resection_of_the_prostate__TURP  removal of significant amounts of prostate tissue (as in cases of benign prostatic hyperplasia)
        subtype:  rhinotomy  surgical procedure in which an incision is made in the nose to drain accumulated pus
        subtype:  rhizotomy  surgical procedure in which spinal nerve roots are cut; done (anterior roots) to relieve intractable pain or (posterior roots) to stop severe muscle spasms
        subtype:  Shirodkar's_operation__purse-string_operation  a surgical procedure in which a suture is used to close the cervix in a pregnant woman; is performed when the cervix has failed to retain previous pregnancies
        subtype:  sterilisation__sterilization  the act of making an organism barren or infertile (unable to reproduce)
           subtype:  neutering__fixing__altering  the sterilization of an animal; "they took him to the vet for neutering"
              subtype:  castration.neutering__emasculation  neutering a male animal by removing the testicles
              subtype:  spaying  neutering a female by removing the ovaries
           subtype:  surgical_contraception  contraception by surgical sterilization
              subtype:  tubal_ligation__tuballigation  a sterilization procedure with women; both Fallopian tubes are tied in two places and the tubes removed in between the ligations
              subtype:  vasectomy  surgical procedure that removes all or part of the vas deferens (usually as a means of sterilization); is sometimes reversible
        subtype:  strabotomy  the surgical operation of cutting a muscle or tendon of the eye in order to correct strabismus
        subtype:  taxis__taxi  the surgical procedure of manually restoring a displaced body part
        subtype:  tracheostomy__tracheotomy  a surgical operation that creates an opening into the trachea with a tube inserted to provide a passage for air; performed when the pharynx is obstructed by edema or cancer or other causes
        subtype:  organ_transplant__organtransplant__transplant__transplantation  an operation moving an organ from one person (the donor) to another (the recipient)
           subtype:  corneal_transplant__cornealtransplant__corneal_graft__cornealgraft  the act of replacing a damaged or diseased cornea with another cornea taken from a donor (usually a donor who has recently died)
        subtype:  trephination  a operation that removes a circular section of bone from the skull
        subtype:  tympanoplasty  surgical correction or repair of defects or injuries in the eardrum or the bones of the middle ear
        subtype:  uranoplasty  surgical correction of a defect of the palate
        subtype:  vasovasostomy  a surgical procedure that attempts to restore the function of the vas deferens after a vasectomy
        subtype:  vivisection  the act of operating on living animals (especially in scientific research)
     subtype:  physical_therapy__physiotherapy__physiatrics__physiatric  therapy that uses physical agents: exercise and massage and other modalities
        subtype:  occupational_therapy  physical therapy involving the therapeutic use of crafts and hobbies for the rehabilitation of handicapped or convalescing patients (especially for emotionally disturbed patients)
     subtype:  phytotherapy__herbal_therapy__botanical_medicine__botanicalmedicine  the use of plants or plant extracts for medicinal purposes (especially plants that are not part of the normal diet)
     subtype:  psychotherapy  the treatment of mental or emotional problems by psychological means
        subtype:  behavior_therapy__behavior_modification  psychotherapy that seeks to extinguish or inhibit abnormal or maladaptive behavior by reinforcing desired behavior and extinguishing undesired behavior
           subtype:  assertiveness_training__assertivenesstraining  a method of psychotherapy that reinforces you for stating negative and positive feelings directly
           subtype:  aversion_therapy  any technique of behavior modification that uses unpleasant stimuli in a controlled fashion to alter behavior in a therapeutic way; primarily used for alcoholism or drug abuse (but with little success)
           subtype:  desensitization_technique__desensitizationtechnique__desensitization_procedure__desensitizationprocedure__systematic_desinsitization  a technique used in behavior therapy to treat phobias and other behavior problems involving anxiety; client is exposed to the threatening situation under relaxed conditions until the anxiety reaction is extinguished
           subtype:  implosion_therapy__implosiontherapy__flooding  a technique used in behavior therapy; client is flooded with experiences of a particular kind until becoming either averse to them or numbed to them
           subtype:  reciprocal_inhibition__reciprocal-inhibition_therapy  a method of behavior therapy based on the inhibition of one response by the occurrence of another response that is mutually incompatible with it; a relaxation response might be conditioned to a stimulus that previously evoked anxiety
           subtype:  token_economy__tokeneconomy  a form of behavior therapy that has been used in some mental institutions; patients are rewarded with tokens for appropriate behavior and the tokens may be cashed in for valued rewards
        subtype:  client-centered_therapy  a method of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in which the client determines the focus and pace of each session
        subtype:  crisis_intervention  psychotherapy that focuses on acute critical situations (depressive episodes or attempted suicides or drug overdoses) with the aim of restoring the person to the level of functioning before the crisis
        subtype:  group_therapy__grouptherapy  psychotherapy in which a small group of individuals meet with a therapist; interactions among the members are considered to be therapeutic
           subtype:  family_therapy  any of several therapeutic approaches in which a family is treated as a whole
        subtype:  hypnotherapy  the use of hypnosis in psychotherapy
        subtype:  play_therapy  form of psychotherapy for children that uses play situations for diagnosis or treatment
        subtype:  psychoanalysis__analysis__depth_psychology__depthpsychology  a set of techniques for exploring underlying motives and a method of treating various mental disorders; "his physician recommended psychoanalysis"
           subtype:  hypnoanalysis__hypnoanalysi  the use of hypnosis in conjunction with psychoanalysis
        subtype:  self-analysis  the application of psychotherapeutic principles to the analysis of your own personality
     subtype:  radiotherapy__radiation_therapy__radiationtherapy__actinotherapy__irradiation  the treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation from a radioactive substance
        subtype:  phototherapy  the use of strong light to treat acne or hyperbilirubinemia of the newborn
        subtype:  radium_therapy__Curietherapy  the use of radium in radiation therapy
        subtype:  X-ray_therapy  the therapeutic use of X rays
     subtype:  shock_therapy__shocktherapy__shock_treatment__shocktreatment  treatment of certain psychotic states by the administration of shocks that are followed by convulsions
        subtype:  electroconvulsive_therapy__electroconvulsivetherapy__electroshock__electroshock_therapy__ECT  the administration of a strong electric current that passes through the brain to induce convulsions and coma
        subtype:  insulin_shock_treatment__insulinshocktreatment__insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_shock_therapy__insulinshocktherapy  the administration of sufficient insulin to induce convulsions and coma
        subtype:  metrazol_shock_treatment__metrazol_shock__metrazol_shock_therapy  the administration of sufficient Metrazol to induce convulsions and coma
     subtype:  speech_therapy  any therapy intended to correct a disorder of speech
     subtype:  thermotherapy  the use of heat to treat a disease or disorder; heating pads or hot compresses or hot-water bottles are used to promote circulation in peripheral vascular disease or to relax tense muscles
     subtype:  thrombolytic_therapy  therapy consisting of the administration of a pharmacological agent to cause thrombolysis of an abnormal blood clot
  subtype:  nursing_care__nursingcare  care by a skilled nurse
  subtype:  bandaging__dressing__binding  the act of applying a bandage
  subtype:  holistic_medicine  medical care of the whole person considered as subject to personal and social as well as organic factors
  subtype:  hospice  a program of medical and emotional care for the terminally ill
  subtype:  injection.medical_care__shot  the act of putting a liquid into the body by means of a syringe; "the nurse gave him a flu shot"
     subtype:  intradermal_injection__intradermalinjection  an injection into the skin
     subtype:  intramuscular_injection__intramuscularinjection  an injection into a muscle
     subtype:  intravenous_injection__intravenousinjection  an injection into a vein
        subtype:  fix.intravenous_injection  (informal) an intravenous injection of a narcotic drug
     subtype:  subcutaneous_injection  an injection under the skin
  subtype:  bloodletting  formerly used as a treatment to reduce excess blood (one of the four humors of medieval medicine)
     subtype:  venesection__phlebotomy  surgical incision into a vein; used to treat hemochromatosis
     subtype:  cupping  a treatment in which evacuated cups are applied to the skin to draw blood through the surface
  subtype:  defibrillation  treatment by stopping fibrillation of heart muscles (usually by electric shock delivered by a defibrillator)
  subtype:  detoxification  treatment for poisoning by neutralizing the toxic properties (normally a function of the liver)
  subtype:  disinfection  treatment to destroy harmful microorganisms
     subtype:  chlorination  disinfection of water by the addition of small amounts of chlorine or a chlorine compound
  subtype:  digitalization__digitalisation  the administration of digitalis for the treatment of certain heart disorders
  subtype:  anticoagulation  the administration of an anticoagulant drug to retard coagulation of the blood
  subtype:  allopathy  the usual method of treating disease with remedies that produce effects differing from those produced by the disease itself
  subtype:  homeopathy__homoeopathy  a method of treating disease with small amounts of remedies that, in large amounts in healthy people, produce symptoms similar to those being treated
  subtype:  intensive_care__intensivecare  close monitoring and constant medical care of patients with life-threatening conditions

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