#material.substance__stuff  the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object; "coal is a hard black material"; "wheat is the stuff they use to make bread"
  supertype:  substance__matter  that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
  subtype:  rind  a hard outer covering or skin on food
     subtype:  bacon_rind__baconrind  the rind of bacon
     subtype:  peel  the rind of a fruit
        subtype:  lemon_peel__lemonpeel__lemon_rind__lemonrind  the rind of a lemon
           subtype:  lemon_zest__lemonzest  tiny bits of lemon peel
        subtype:  orange_peel__orange_rind  the rind of an orange
           subtype:  orange_zest  tiny bits of orange peel
     subtype:  cheese_rind  the rind of a cheese
  subtype:  mote__atom__molecule__particle__speck  (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anything
     subtype:  grain  a small hard particle; "a grain of sand"
        subtype:  granule  a tiny grain
           subtype:  microsome  a tiny granule in the cytoplasm
           subtype:  chondrule  small granule (of e.g. chrysolite) found in some meteoric rocks
           subtype:  plastid  any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
              subtype:  chromoplast  plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids
              subtype:  chloroplast  plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis
     subtype:  chylomicron  a microscopic particle of triglycerides produced in the intestines during digestion; in the bloodstream they release their fatty acids into the blood
  subtype:  floccule__floc  a small loosely aggregated mass of flocculent material suspended in or precipitated from a liquid
  subtype:  HAZMAT  an abbreviation for `hazardous material' used on warning signs; "NO HAZMATS IN TUNNEL"
  subtype:  raw_material__rawmaterial__staple  material suitable for manufacture or use or finishing
  subtype:  sorbate  a material that has been or is capable of being taken up by another substance by either absorption or adsorption
     subtype:  absorbate  a material that has been or is capable of being absorbed
     subtype:  adsorbate  a material that has been or is capable of being adsorbed
  subtype:  sorbent_material__sorbentmaterial__sorbent  a material that sorbs another substance; i.e. that has the capacity or tendency to take it up by either absorption or adsorption
     subtype:  absorbent_material__absorbentmaterial__absorbent  a material having capacity or tendency to absorb another substance
        subtype:  sponge  a porous mass of interlacing fibers the forms the internal skeleton of various marine animals and usable to absorb water or any porous rubber or cellulose product similarly used
        subtype:  absorber  (physics) material in a nuclear reactor that absorbs radiation
        subtype:  absorbent_cotton__absorbentcotton__cotton_wool  cotton made absorbent by removal of the natural wax
     subtype:  adsorbent_material__adsorbentmaterial__adsorbent  a material having capacity or tendency to adsorb another substance
  subtype:  diamagnet  a substance that exhibits diamagnetism
  subtype:  mineral  solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition
     subtype:  ader_wax__earth_wax__earthwax__mineral_wax__mineralwax__ozokerite__ozocerite  a waxy mineral that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and occurs in association with petroleum; some varieties are used in making ceresin and candles
     subtype:  amblygonite  a white or gray mineral consisting of lithium aluminum phosphate; a source of lithium
     subtype:  amphibole  a mineral or mineral variety belonging to the amphibole group
        subtype:  nephrite  an amphibole mineral consisting of calcium magnesium silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade that is less valuable than from jadeite; once believed to cure kidney disorders
        subtype:  actinolite  a green mineral of the amphibole group; calcium magnesium iron silicate
        subtype:  anthophyllite  a dark brown mineral of the amphibole group; magnesium iron silicate
        subtype:  asbestos  a fibrous amphibole; used for making fireproof articles; inhaling fibers can cause asbestosis or lung cancer
           subtype:  chrysotile  a gray or green fibrous mineral; an important source of commercial asbestos
           subtype:  tremolite  a white or pale green mineral (calcium magnesium silicate) of the amphibole group used as a form of asbestos
        subtype:  hornblende  a green to black mineral of the amphibole group; consists of silicates of calcium and sodium and magnesium and iron
     subtype:  amphibole_group  a group of minerals with similar crystal structures containing a silicate chain and combinations of chiefly sodium and calcium and magnesium and iron and aluminum
     subtype:  apatite  a common complex mineral consisting of calcium fluoride phosphate or calcium chloride phosphate; a source of phosphorus
        subtype:  fluorapatite  a form of apatite in which fluorine predominates over chlorine
     subtype:  aragonite  a mineral form of crystalline calcium carbonate; dimorphic with calcite
     subtype:  argentite  a valuable silver ore consisting of silver sulfide (Ag2S)
     subtype:  argyrodite  a rare steel-gray mineral consisting of silver and germanium and sulfur
     subtype:  arsenopyrite__mispickel  a silver-white or gray ore of arsenic
     subtype:  mineral_pitch__mineralpitch__asphalt  a dark bituminous substance found in natural beds and as residue from petroleum distillation; consists mainly of hydrocarbons
     subtype:  augite  dark-green to black glassy mineral of the pyroxene group containing large amounts of aluminum and iron and magnesium
     subtype:  baddeleyite  a mineral consisting of zirconium oxide
        subtype:  zirconium__Zr__atomic_number_40  a lustrous gray strong metallic element resembling titanium; it is used in nuclear reactors as a neutron absorber; it occurs in baddeleyite but is obtained chiefly from zircon
     subtype:  bastnasite__bastnaesite  a yellow-to-brown mineral that is a source of rare earth elements
     subtype:  bauxite  a clay-like mineral; the chief ore of aluminum; composed of aluminum oxides and aluminum hydroxides; used as an abrasive and catalyst
     subtype:  beryl  the chief source of beryllium; colored transparent varieties are valued as gems
        subtype:  aquamarine  a transparent variety of beryl that is blue green in color
        subtype:  emerald.beryl  a green transparent form of beryl; highly valued as a gemstone
        subtype:  morganite  a kind of pink beryl used as a gemstone
     subtype:  borax  an ore of boron consisting of hydrated sodium borate; used as a flux or cleansing agent
     subtype:  bornite__peacock_ore__peacockore  a mineral consisting of sulfides of copper and iron that is found in copper deposits
     subtype:  carnallite  a white or reddish mineral consisting of hydrous chlorides of potassium and magnesium; used as a fertilizer and as a source of potassium and magnesium
     subtype:  cassiterite  a hard heavy dark mineral that is the chief source of tin
     subtype:  celestite  a mineral consisting of strontium sulphate
     subtype:  cerussite__whiteleadore  a mineral consisting of lead carbonate that is an important source of lead
     subtype:  chalcocite__copper_glance  a heavy gray mineral that is an ore of copper
     subtype:  chalcopyrite__copper_pyrites  a yellow copper ore (CuFeS2) made up of copper-iron sulfide
     subtype:  chromite  a brownish-black mineral; the major source of chromium
     subtype:  chrysoberyl  a rare hard yellow green mineral consisting of beryllium aluminate in crystal form; used as a gemstone
        subtype:  alexandrite  a green variety of chrysoberyl used as a gemstone
     subtype:  cinnabar  a heavy reddish mineral consisting of mercuric sulfide; the chief source of mercury
     subtype:  cobaltite  a rare silvery-white mineral; important ore of cobalt
     subtype:  halite__rock_salt  naturally occurring crystalline sodium chloride
     subtype:  cordierite  a blue mineral of magnesium and iron and aluminum and silicon and oxygen; often used as a gemstone
        subtype:  water_sapphire__watersapphire  a deep blue cordierite often used as a gemstone
     subtype:  corundom__corundum  very hard mineral used as an abrasive
        subtype:  alumina__aluminumoxide__aluminiumoxide  any of various forms of aluminum oxide occurring naturally as corundum
           subtype:  alundum  a substance made of fused alumina
        subtype:  ruby.corundom  a transparent deep red variety of corundum; used as a gemstone and in lasers
        subtype:  sapphire.corundom  a precious transparent stone of rich blue corundum valued as a gemstone
           subtype:  star_sapphire  a sapphire that when cut shows a star-like figure in reflected light because of its crystalline structure
     subtype:  cristobalite  a white mineral consisting of silica; found in volcanic rocks
     subtype:  cryolite__Greenland_spar  a white mineral consisting of fluorides of aluminum and sodium; a source of fluorine
     subtype:  cuprite  a mineral consisting of cuprous oxide that is a source of copper
     subtype:  dolomite  a light colored mineral consisting of calcium magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium; used as a ceramic and as fertilizer
     subtype:  earth_color  a colored mineral used as a pigment
        subtype:  sienna  an earth color containing ferric oxides; used as a pigment
           subtype:  burnt_sienna__burntsienna  a reddish-brown pigment produced by roasting sienna
           subtype:  raw_sienna__rawsienna  a yellowish-brown pigment made from untreated sienna
        subtype:  ochre__ocher  any of various earths containing silica and alumina and ferric oxide; used as a pigment
           subtype:  sinopis__sinopi__sinopia__sinoper  a red ocher formerly used as a pigment
           subtype:  yellow_ocher__yellow_ochre  pigment consisting of a limonite mixed with clay and silica
        subtype:  umber  an earth pigment
           subtype:  raw_umber  greenish brown pigment
           subtype:  burnt_umber  dark brown pigment obtained by heating umber
     subtype:  emery  a hard gary-black mineral consisting of corundum and either hematite or magnetite; used as an abrasive (especially as a coating on paper)
     subtype:  fergusonite  a dark mineral consisting of oxides of yttrium and erbium and tantalum and other minerals
     subtype:  fluorite__fluorspar__fluor  a soft mineral (calcium fluoride) that is fluorescent in ultraviolet light; chief source of fluorine
     subtype:  gadolinite__ytterbite  a mineral that is a source of rare earths; consists of silicates of iron and beryllium and cerium and yttrium and erbium
     subtype:  galena  soft blue-gray mineral; lead sulfide; a major source of lead
     subtype:  garnet  any of a group of hard glassy minerals (silicates of various metals) used as gemstones and as an abrasive
        subtype:  almandite__almandine  a deep red garnet consisting of iron aluminum silicate
        subtype:  andradite  a garnet consisting of calcium iron silicate and having any color ranging from yellow and green to brown and black; used as gemstone
           subtype:  demantoid  a green andradite used as a gemstone
        subtype:  carbuncle.garnet  deep-red cabochon-cut garnet cut without facets
        subtype:  cinnamon_stone__essonite__hessonite  a garnet ranging in color from yellow to brown
        subtype:  pyrope  a deep red garnet used as a gemstone
        subtype:  rhodolite  a red or pink variety of garnet used as a gemstone
     subtype:  garnierite  a green mineral consisting of hydrated nickel magnesium silicate; a source of nickel
     subtype:  germanite  a rare reddish-gray mineral consisting of a copper iron germanium sulfide
     subtype:  gibbsite  white crystalline mineral consisting of aluminum hydroxide; a constituent of bauxite and a source of alumina
     subtype:  glauconite  a green mineral consisting of hydrated silicate of potassium or iron or magnesium or aluminum; found in greensand
     subtype:  greenockite__cadmium_sulphide__cadmiumsulphide  ore of cadmium; a rare yellowish mineral consisting of cadmium sulphide in crystalline form
     subtype:  gypsum  a common white or colorless mineral (hydrated calcium sulphate) used to make cements and plasters (especially plaster of Paris)
        subtype:  alabaster  a compact fine-textured usually white gypsum used for carving
        subtype:  terra_alba__terraalba  finely pulverized gypsum used especially as a pigment
     subtype:  hausmannite  a mineral consisting of manganese tetroxide; a source of manganese
     subtype:  heavy_spar__heavyspar__barite__barytes__baryte__barium_sulphate  a white or colorless mineral (BaSO4); the main source of barium
     subtype:  hemimorphite__calamine  a white mineral; a common ore of zinc
     subtype:  ilmenite  a weakly magnetic black mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic rocks; an iron titanium oxide in crystalline form; a source of titanium
     subtype:  jadeite  a hard green mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate in monoclinic crystalline form; a source of jade; found principally in Burma
     subtype:  kainite  a white mineral consisting of magnesium sulphate and potassium chloride; a source of potassium salts; used as a fertilizer
     subtype:  kaolinite  a mineral consisting of aluminum silicate; main source of kaolin
     subtype:  kernite  a light soft mineral consisting of hydrated sodium borate in crystalline form; an important source of boron
     subtype:  kieserite  a white mineral consisting of hydrous magnesium sulfate often found in salt mines
     subtype:  kyanite__cyanite  a gray or greenish-blue mineral consisting of aluminum silicate in crystalline form; occurs in metaphoric rock, used as a refractory
     subtype:  langbeinite  a mineral consisting of potassium magnesium double sulphate; used as a fertilizer
     subtype:  lechartelierite  a mineral form of vitreous or glassy silica; formed by the melting of quartz sand (as by lightning or a meteorite)
     subtype:  magnesite  a black magnetic mineral consisting of magnesium carbonate; a source of magnesium
     subtype:  malachite  a green mineral used as an ore of copper and for making ornamental objects
     subtype:  maltha__mineral_tar__mineraltar  a thick black tar intermediate between petroleum and asphalt
     subtype:  manganite  a black mineral consisting of basic manganese oxide; a source of manganese
     subtype:  sepiolite__meerschaum  a white clayey mineral
     subtype:  mica__isinglass__isinglas  any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
        subtype:  biotite  dark brown to black mica found in igneous and metamorphic rock
           subtype:  lepidomelane  a mica that is a biotite containing iron
        subtype:  lepidolite  a mineral of the mica group; an important source of lithium
        subtype:  muscovite  a colorless or pale brown mica with potassium
           subtype:  damourite  a variety of muscovite
        subtype:  paragonite  a colorless or pale brown mica with sodium
        subtype:  phlogopite  a brown form of mica consisting of hydrous silicate of potassium and magnesium and aluminum
        subtype:  zinnwaldite  a mica containing iron and lithium
     subtype:  millerite  a yellow mineral consisting of nickel sulfide; a minor source of nickel
     subtype:  molybdenite  a mineral resembling graphite that is valued as the chief source of molybdenum and its compounds
     subtype:  monazite  a reddish-brown mineral containing rare earth metals; an important source of thorium and cerium
     subtype:  niobite  a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum
     subtype:  nitrocalcite  the mineral form of calcium nitrate
     subtype:  olivine  a mineral consisting of magnesium iron silicate; a source of magnesium
        subtype:  chrysolite  a brown or yellow-green olivine found in igneous and metamorphic rocks and used as a gemstone
           subtype:  peridot  a pale green variety of chrysolite; used as a gemstone
     subtype:  olivenite  rare green to black mineral consisting of hydrated copper arsenate that is found in copper deposits
     subtype:  opal  a translucent mineral consisting of hydrated silica of variable color; some varieties are used as gemstones
        subtype:  black_opal__blackopal  a dark colored opal with internal reflections of green or red
        subtype:  fire_opal__girasol  an opal with flaming orange and yellow and red colors
        subtype:  harlequin_opal__harlequinopal  a reddish opal with small patches of brilliant color
     subtype:  ore  a metal-bearing mineral valuable enough to be mined
        subtype:  dressed_ore__concentrate  the desired mineral that is left after impurities have been removed from mined ore
        subtype:  iron_ore  an ore from which iron can be extracted
           subtype:  goethite__gothite  a red or yellow or brown mineral; an oxide of iron that is a common constituent of rust
           subtype:  chamosite  a greenish gray or black silicate of iron and aluminum
           subtype:  taconite  a variety of chert containing magnetite and hematite; mined as a low-grade iron ore
           subtype:  hematite__haematite  the principal form of iron ore; consists of ferric oxide in crystalline form; occurs in a red earthy form
           subtype:  lepidocrocite  a red to reddish brown mineral consisting of iron oxide hydroxide (FeO(HO)); often found in iron ores together with goethite
           subtype:  limonite  a widely occurring iron oxide ore; a mixture of goethite and hematite and lepidocrocite
           subtype:  magnetite__magnetic_iron-ore  an oxide of iron that is strongly attracted by magnets
              subtype:  lodestone__loadstone  magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically
           subtype:  chalybite__siderite  iron ore in the form of ferrous carbonate
        subtype:  lead_ore  ore containing lead
        subtype:  pay_dirt.ore__paydirt  ore that yields a substantial profit to the miner
        subtype:  uranium_ore__uraniumore  any ore from which uranium can be extracted
           subtype:  carnotite  a yellow radioactive mineral; an ore of uranium and radium and vanadium
           subtype:  uraninite  a mineral consisting of uranium oxide and trace amounts of radium and thorium and polonium and lead and helium; uraninite in massive form is called pitchblende which is the chief uranium ore
     subtype:  orpiment  a yellow mineral occuring in conjunction with realgar; an ore of arsenic
     subtype:  pentlandite  a mineral (iron-nickel sulphide) that is the chief ore of nickel
     subtype:  periclase__magnesia__magnesium_oxide__magnesiumoxide  a white solid mineral that occurs naturally as periclase; a source of magnesium
     subtype:  pinite  grey or green or brown mineral similar to mica and containing aluminum and potassium sulphates
     subtype:  pollucite  a rare mineral that is an important source of cesium
        subtype:  cesium__caesium__Cs__atomic_number_55  a soft silver-white ductile metallic element (liquid at normal temperatures); the most electropositive and alkaline metal
           subtype:  cesium_137  a radioactive isotope of cesium used in radiation therapy
     subtype:  psilomelane  a mineral consisting of hydrated basic oxide of manganese and barium; a source of manganese
     subtype:  iron_pyrite__pyrite__fool's_gold  a common mineral (iron disulfide) that has a pale yellow color
     subtype:  pyrolusite  a mineral consisting of manganese dioxide; an important source of manganese
     subtype:  pyromorphite__green_lead_ore  a mineral consisting of lead chloride and phosphate; a minor source of lead
     subtype:  pyrophyllite  a white or greenish aluminum silicate mineral (resembles talc)
     subtype:  pyroxene  any of a group of crystalline silicate mineral common in igneous and metamorphic rocks
     subtype:  pyrrhotite__pyrrhotine__magnetic_pyrites  a brownish iron sulfide mineral FeS having weak magnetic properties
     subtype:  quartz  a hard glossy mineral consisting of silicon dioxide in crystal form; present in most rocks (especially sandstone and granite); yellow sand is quartz with iron oxide impurities
        subtype:  rock_crystal__transparent_quartz__transparentquartz  a clear quartz used in making electronic and optical equipment
           subtype:  rhinestone  an imitation diamond made from rock crystal or glass or paste
        subtype:  cairngorm__smoky_quartz__smokyquartz  a smoky yellow or brown quartz
        subtype:  amethyst  a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone
        subtype:  chalcedony__calcedony  a milky or grayish translucent to transparent quartz
           subtype:  agate  an impure form of quartz consisting of banded chalcedony; used as a gemstone and for making mortars and pestles
              subtype:  moss_agate  an agate with brown, black, or green moss-like markings
           subtype:  bloodstone__heliotrope  green chalcedony with red spots that resemble blood
           subtype:  carnelian__cornelian  a translucent red or orange variety of chalcedony
           subtype:  chrysoprase  a green variety of chalcedony valued as a gemstone
           subtype:  onyx  a chalcedony with alternating black and white bands; used in making cameos
              subtype:  sardonyx  an onyx characterized by parallel layers of sard and a different colored mineral
           subtype:  plasma.chalcedony  a green slightly translucent variety of chalcedony used as a gemstone
           subtype:  sard__sardine__sardiu  a deep orange-red variety of chalcedony
        subtype:  citrine  semiprecious yellow quartz resembling topaz
        subtype:  rose_quartz  a translucent rose-red variety of quartz used for ornaments
        subtype:  sunstone__aventurine  a translucent quartz spangled with bits of mica or other minerals
           subtype:  goldstone  aventurine spangled densely with fine gold-colored particles
        subtype:  common_topaz__topaz__false_topaz__falsetopaz  a yellow quartz
     subtype:  realgar  a rare soft orange mineral consisting of arsenic sulphide; an important ore of arsenic
     subtype:  red_clay__redclay  clay whose redness results from iron oxide
     subtype:  rhodochrosite  a mineral consisting of manganese carbonate; a source of manganese
     subtype:  rhodonite  a pink or red mineral consisting of crystalline manganese silicate; used as an ornamental stone
     subtype:  rutile  a mineral consisting of titanium dioxide in crystalline form; occurs in metamorphic and plutonic rocks and is a major source of titanium
     subtype:  samarskite  a complex black mineral occuring in pegmatites
     subtype:  sapphirine  a rare light blue or green mineral; consists of aluminum-magnesium silicate and occurs as small grains in some metamorphic rocks
     subtype:  scheelite  a mineral used as an ore of tungsten
     subtype:  smaltite  a gray mineral consisting of cobalt arsenide and nickel; an important source of cobalt and nickel
     subtype:  sodalite  a vitreous mineral consisting of sodium aluminum silicate and sodium chloride in crystalline form; occurs in igneous rocks
     subtype:  spar.mineral  any of various nonmetallic minerals (calcite or feldspar) that are light in color and transparent or translucent and cleavable
        subtype:  feldspar__felspar  any of a group of hard crystalline minerals that consist of aluminum silicates of potassium or sodium or calcium or barium
           subtype:  orthoclase  a white or colored monoclinic feldspar
           subtype:  plagioclase  any of a rock-forming series of triclinic feldspars
              subtype:  albite__white_feldspar__whitefeldspar  a widely distributed rock-forming feldspar
              subtype:  anorthite  rare plagioclastic feldspar occurring in many igneous rocks
           subtype:  moonstone  a transparent or translucent gemstone with a pearly luster; some specimens are orthoclase feldspar and others are plagioclase feldspar
        subtype:  calcite  a common mineral consisting of crystallized calcium carbonate; a major constituent of limestone
           subtype:  oriental_alabaster__alabaster__onyx_marble__Mexican_onyx  a hard compact kind of calcite
           subtype:  chalk.calcite  a soft whitish calcite
           subtype:  Iceland_spar  a transparent calcite found in Iceland and used in polarizing microscopes
     subtype:  spinel  a hard glassy mineral consisting of an oxide of magnesium and aluminum; occurs in various colors that are used as gemstones
        subtype:  spinel_ruby__ruby_spinel  a spinel used as a gemstone (usually dark red)
           subtype:  almandine  a purple variety of the ruby spinel
           subtype:  balas_ruby__balasruby__balas__bala  a pale rose-colored variety of the ruby spinel
           subtype:  rubicelle  a yellow or orange variety of ruby spinel
        subtype:  Ceylonite__pleonaste  a dark-colored spinel containing iron
     subtype:  spodumene  a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminum silicate; a source of lithium
        subtype:  kunzite  a pinkish lilac crystal form of the mineral spodumene that is used as a gemstone
        subtype:  hiddenite  a green transparent form of the mineral spodumene used as a gemstone
     subtype:  stannite__tin_pyrites  a dark gray mineral with a metallic luster that is a source of tin
     subtype:  stibnite  a soft gray mineral; the chief ore of antimony
     subtype:  strontianite  a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate
     subtype:  sylvanite__graphic_tellurium__graphictellurium  a silver-white mineral consisting of silver gold telluride; a source of gold in Australia and America
     subtype:  sylvite  a mineral consisting of native potassium chloride; an important ore of potassium that is found in sedimentary beds
     subtype:  talc__talcum  a fine grained mineral having a soft soapy feel and consisting of hydrated magnesium silicate; used in a variety of products including talcum powder
        subtype:  soapstone__soaprock__steatite  a soft heavy compact variety of talc having a soapy feel; used to make hearths and tabletops and ornaments
        subtype:  French_chalk  a soft white compact talc used to mark cloth or to remove grease stains
        subtype:  rensselaerite  a kind of soft talc; sometimes used as wood filler
     subtype:  tantalite  a mineral consisting of tantalum oxide of iron and manganese that occurs with niobite or in coarse granite; an ore of tantalum
     subtype:  thorite  a radioactive mineral consisting of thorium silicate; it is a source of thorium that is found in coarse granite
     subtype:  thortveitite  a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate; a source of scandium
     subtype:  topaz  a mineral (fluosilicate of aluminum) that occurs in crystals of various colors and is used as a gemstone
     subtype:  tourmaline  a mineral that is a complex borosilicate and hydroxide of aluminum containing iron and magnesium and calcium and lithium and sodium; it is usually black but occurs in transparent colored forms that are used as gemstones
     subtype:  tridymite  a mineral form of silica
     subtype:  turquoise  a blue to gray green mineral consisting of copper aluminum phosphate; blue turquoise is valued as a gemstone
     subtype:  vanadinite  a mineral consisting of chloride and vanadate of lead; a source of vanadium
     subtype:  vesuvianite__vesuvian__idocrase  a green or yellow or brown mineral consisting of a hydrated silicate; it occurs as crystals in limestone and is used a gemstone
     subtype:  wolframite__iron_manganese_tungsten  a mineral consisting of iron-manganese tungstate in crystalline form; the principal ore of tungsten; found in quartz veins associated with granitic rocks
     subtype:  wollastonite  a white or grayish mineral typically found in metamorphic limestone; a silicate of calcium
     subtype:  wulfenite  a yellow to orange or brown mineral used as a molybdenum ore
     subtype:  xenotime  a brown-to-yellow mineral that is a phosphate of yttrium in crystalline form
     subtype:  zinc_blende__blende__sphalerite  an ore that is the chief source of zinc; consists largely of zinc sulfide in crystalline form
     subtype:  zinkenite  a steel gray metallic mineral (a sulphide of lead and antimony)
     subtype:  zircon__zirconium_silicate__zirconiumsilicate  a common mineral occurring in small crystals; chief source of zirconium; used as a refractory when opaque and as a gem when transparent
        subtype:  jacinth__hyacinth  a red transparent variety of zircon used as a gemstone
        subtype:  jargoon  a colorless (or pale yellow or smoky) variety of zircon
  subtype:  rock__stone  material consisting of the aggregate of minerals like those making up the Earth's crust
     subtype:  quartzite  hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals
     subtype:  road_metal  broken rock used for repairing or making roads
     subtype:  sedimentary_rock__sedimentaryrock  rock formed from consolidated clay sediments
        subtype:  argillite  a sedimentary rock differing from shale in being bound by silica and from slate in having no slate cleavages
        subtype:  arenaceous_rock  a sedimentary rock composed of sand
           subtype:  sandstone  a sedimentary rock consisting of sand consolidated with some cement (clay or quartz etc.)
              subtype:  firestone  a sandstone that withstands intense heat; used to line fireplaces and furnaces and kilns
              subtype:  holystone  a soft sandstone used for scrubbing the decks of a ship
              subtype:  gritrock__grit__gritstone  a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone
              subtype:  brownstone.sandstone  a reddish brown sandstone; used in buildings
              subtype:  bluestone  bluish-gray sandstone used for paving and building
              subtype:  greensand  an olive-green sandstone containing glauconite
              subtype:  siltstone  a fine-grained sandstone of consolidated silt
        subtype:  argillaceous_rock  a sedimentary rock formed from clay deposits
        subtype:  rudaceous_rock__rudaceousrock  a sedimentary rock formed of coarse-grained material
           subtype:  breccia  a rudaceous rock consisting of sharp fragments embedded in clay or sand
        subtype:  slate.sedimentary_rock  a fine-grained metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers
        subtype:  limestone  a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
        subtype:  shale  a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay
           subtype:  oil_shale__oilshale  shale from which oil can be obtained by heating
     subtype:  sial  the granite-like rocks that form the outermost layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and aluminum
     subtype:  sima  rock that form the continuous lower layer of the earth's crust; rich in silicon and magnesium
     subtype:  metamorphic_rock__metamorphicrock  rock altered by pressure and heat
        subtype:  amphibolite  a metamorphic rock composed chiefly of amphibole and plagioclase
        subtype:  marlite__marlstone  metamorphic rock with approximately the same composition as marl
        subtype:  hornfels__hornstone  a fine-grained metamorphic rock formed by the action of heat on clay rocks
        subtype:  gneiss  a laminated metamorphic rock similar to granite
        subtype:  schist  any metamorphic rock that can be split into thin layers
     subtype:  gravel__crushed_rock__crushedrock  rock fragments and pebbles
        subtype:  bank_gravel__pit-run_gravel__pitrungravel__pit_run__pitrun  gravel as found in natural deposits
        subtype:  shingle.gravel  coarse beach gravel of small water-worn stones and pebbles (or a stretch of shore covered with such gravel)
     subtype:  caliche  nitrate-bearing rock or gravel of the sodium nitrate deposits of Chile and Peru
     subtype:  shingling.rock  (geology) sediment in which flat pebbles are uniformly tilted in the same direction
     subtype:  pumice_stone__pumice  a light glass formed on the surface of some lavas; used as an abrasive
     subtype:  aphanite  fine-grained homogeneous rock (such as basalt) containing minerals undetectable by the naked eye
     subtype:  claystone  fine-grained rock consisting of compacted clay particles
     subtype:  dolomite.rock  a kind of sedimentary rock resembling limestone but consisting almost entirely of the mineral dolomite
     subtype:  emery_stone__emerystone__emery_rock__emeryrock  a mixture of emery dust and a binder; can be molded into grindstones
     subtype:  pudding_stone__conglomerate  a composite rock made up of particles of varying size
     subtype:  fieldstone  stone that occurs naturally in fields; often used as building material
     subtype:  greisen  a granitic rock composed of quartz and mica
     subtype:  calc-tufa__tufa  a soft porous rock consisting of calcium carbonate deposited from springs rich in lime
     subtype:  magma  molten rock in the earth's crust
     subtype:  igneous_rock__igneousrock  rock formed by the solidification of molten magma
        subtype:  andesite  a dark gray volcanic rock
        subtype:  aplite  light-colored and fine-grained granitic rock consisting chiefly of quartz and feldspars
        subtype:  groundmass  the matrix of fine-grained crystalline material in which larger crystals are embedded
        subtype:  andosite  dark grayish extrusive rock
        subtype:  batholith__batholite__pluton__plutonic_rock  large mass of intrusive igneous rock believed to have solidified deep within the earth
           subtype:  granite.batholith  plutonic igneous rock having visibly crystalline texture
        subtype:  diorite  a granular crystalline intrusive rock
        subtype:  gabbro  one of a family of granular intrusive rocks
        subtype:  pegmatite  a form of igneous rock consisting of extremely coarse granite resulting from the crystallization of magma rich in rare elements
        subtype:  peridotite  a dark coarse-grained igneous rock consisting principally of olivine
           subtype:  kimberlite  a rare type of peridotite that sometimes contains diamonds; found in South Africa and Siberia
        subtype:  rhyolite  very acid volcanic rock
        subtype:  volcanic_rock  extrusive igneous rock solidified near or on the surface of the Earth
           subtype:  basalt  the commonest type of solidified lava; a dense dark gray fine-grained igneous rock composed chiefly of calcium-rich plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene
           subtype:  volcanic_glass  a kind of natural glass produced when molten lava cools very rapidly
              subtype:  obsidian  acid or granitic glass; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces
              subtype:  pitchstone  dark acid granitic glass
              subtype:  tachylite  a basic or basalt glass
           subtype:  lava  rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface
              subtype:  pillow_lava  lava that hardened in rounded shapes suggestive of pillows; believed to result from underwater eruptions
           subtype:  tuff__tufa  hard volcanic rock composed of compacted volcanic ash
        subtype:  porphyry__porphyritic_rock__porphyriticrock  any igneous rock with crystals embedded in a finer groundmass of minerals
     subtype:  limestone  a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals
     subtype:  marble  a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material
        subtype:  verd_antique__verde_antique  a dark green impure marble
  subtype:  adhesive_material__adhesive  a substance that unites or bonds surfaces together
     subtype:  birdlime__lime  a sticky adhesive that is smeared on small branches to capture small birds
     subtype:  spirit_gum  an adhesive solution made of gum and ether and used to attach false hair to skin
     subtype:  binder  something used to bind separate particles together or facilitate adhesion to a surface
     subtype:  cement  something that hardens to act as adhesive material
        subtype:  glue__gum  cement consisting of a sticky substance that is used as an adhesive
           subtype:  animal_glue  a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses
           subtype:  casein_glue  made from casein; used for e.g. plywood and cabinetwork
           subtype:  fish_glue  gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish
           subtype:  marine_glue  glue that is not water soluble
        subtype:  putty  a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass
        subtype:  iron_putty  a cement resembling putty; made by mixing ferric oxide and boiled linseed oil; is acid resistant
        subtype:  red-lead_putty  a cement resembling putty; made by mixing white and red lead in boiled linseed oil; used as luting on pipe fittings
        subtype:  mastic  a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler
     subtype:  library_paste__librarypaste__paste  an adhesive made from water and flour or starch; used on paper and paperboard
        subtype:  wafer  a small adhesive disk of paste; used to seal letters
     subtype:  rubber_cement  an adhesive made by dissolving unvulcanized rubber in a solvent like benzene or naphtha
  subtype:  sealing_material__sealingmaterial  any substance used to seal joints or fill cracks in a porous surface
     subtype:  sealant__sealer  a kind of sealing material that is used to form a hard coating on a porous surface (as a coat of paint or varnish used to size a surface)
     subtype:  filler  used for filling cracks or holes in a surface
        subtype:  putty  a dough-like mixture of whiting and boiled linseed oil; used especially to patch woodwork or secure panes of glass
        subtype:  mastic  a pasty cement used as an adhesive or filler
        subtype:  sizing__size  any glutinous material used to fill pores in surfaces or to stiffen fabrics; "size gives body to a fabric"
        subtype:  stiffener  material used for stiffening something
     subtype:  luting__lute  a substance for packing a joint or coating a porous surface to make it impervious to gas or liquid
  subtype:  animal_material  material derived from animals
     subtype:  feather__plume__plumage  the light horny waterproof structure forming the external covering of birds
        subtype:  down_feather__down  soft fine feathers
           subtype:  duck_down  down of the duck
              subtype:  eiderdown  down of the eider duck
           subtype:  goose_down__goosedown  down of the goose
           subtype:  swan's_down  down of the swan
           subtype:  plumule  down feather of young birds; persists in some adult birds
        subtype:  aftershaft  a supplementary feather (usually small) on the underside of the base of the shaft of some feathers in some birds
        subtype:  contour_feather__contourfeather  feathers covering the body of an adult bird and determining its shape
        subtype:  bastard_wing__bastardwing__alula__spurious_wing  tuft of small stiff feathers on the first digit of a bird's wing
        subtype:  marabou  downy feathers of marabou storks used for trimming garments
        subtype:  hackle  long slender feather on the necks of e.g. turkeys and pheasants
           subtype:  saddle_hackle__saddle_feather  a long narrow feather on the back (saddle) of a domestic fowl
        subtype:  flight_feather__pinion__quill__quill_feather__quillfeather  any of the larger wing or tail feathers of a bird
           subtype:  primary_feather__primaryfeather__primary__primaryquill  one of the main flight feathers projecting along the outer edge of a bird's wing
           subtype:  tail_feather  feather growing from the tail (uropygium) of a bird
              subtype:  sickle_feather  one of the long curved tail feathers of a rooster
        subtype:  scapular  a feather covering the shoulder of a bird
     subtype:  animal_product  a product made from animal material
        subtype:  ambergris__ambergri  waxy substance secreted by the sperm whale and found floating at sea or washed ashore; used in perfume
        subtype:  lac  resinlike substance secreted by certain lac insects; used in e.g. varnishes and sealing wax
           subtype:  garnet_lac  lac refined by treating with solvent; garnet-colored
           subtype:  gum-lac  an inferior lac produced by lac insects in Madagascar
           subtype:  shellac  lac purified by heating and filtering; usually in thin orange or yellow flakes but sometimes bleached white
           subtype:  stick_lac__sticklac  lac in its natural state as scraped off twigs and dried
           subtype:  seed_lac  granular material obtained from stick lac by crushing and washing
        subtype:  Sonora_lac  resembling lac; secreted by a scale living on twigs of certain Mexican shrubs; used locally as medicine
        subtype:  animal_glue  a protein gelatin obtained by boiling e.g. skins and hoofs of cattle and horses
        subtype:  fish_glue  gelatinous substance obtained by boiling skins fins and bones of fish
        subtype:  animal_skin  the outer covering of an animal
           subtype:  parchment.animal_skin__sheepskin__lambskin  skin of a sheep or goat prepared for writing on
              subtype:  vellum.parchment  fine parchment prepared from the skin of a young animal e.g. a calf or lamb
           subtype:  hide__fell  the dressed skin of an animal (especially a large animal)
              subtype:  cowhide.hide  the hide of a cow
              subtype:  goatskin  the hide of a goat
              subtype:  rawhide  untanned hide especially of cattle; cut in strips it is used for whips and ropes
           subtype:  leather  an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning
              subtype:  piece_of_leather  a piece of leather
                 subtype:  counter.piece_of_leather  piece of leather forming the back of a shoe or boot
                 subtype:  heel_counter__counter__heel  the piece of leather that fits the heel
                 subtype:  quarter.piece_of_leather  piece of leather that comprises the part of a shoe or boot covering the heel and joining the vamp
                 subtype:  saddle.piece_of_leather  a piece of leather across the instep of a shoe
                 subtype:  upper  piece of leather that forms the part of a shoe or boot above the sole
                 subtype:  vamp  piece of leather forming the front part of the upper of a shoe
              subtype:  alligator_skin__alligatorskin  leather made from alligator's hide
              subtype:  buckskin  a soft yellowish suede leather originally from deerskin but now usually from sheepskin
              subtype:  buff_leather__buff  a soft thick undyed leather from the skins of e.g. buffalo or oxen
              subtype:  ooze_leather  a very soft leather made from the skins of calves and having a suede finish on the flesh side
              subtype:  Russia_leather  a smooth leather tanned with willow, birch, or oak, and scented on the flesh side with birch oil
              subtype:  calfskin__calf  fine leather from the skin of a calf
                 subtype:  box_calf__boxcalf  black calfskin leather tanned with chromium salts
              subtype:  white_leather__whiteleather__whit_leather  a leather that has been treated with alum and/or salt
              subtype:  chamois_leather__chamoisleather__chammy__chammy_leather__shammy__shammy_leather  a soft suede leather formerly from the sheep of the chamois antelope but now from sheepskin
                 subtype:  wash_leather  piece of chamois used for cleaning and polishing
              subtype:  cordovan  a fine leather originally made in Cordoba Spain
              subtype:  cowskin__cowhide  leather made from the hide of a cow
              subtype:  crushed_leather__crushedleather__crush  leather that has had its grain pattern accentuated
              subtype:  deerskin  leather from the hide of a deer
              subtype:  doeskin  soft leather from deerskin or lambskin
              subtype:  glove_leather__gloveleather  leather suitable for making gloves
              subtype:  horsehide  leather from the hide of a horse
              subtype:  kidskin__kid  soft smooth leather from the hide of a young goat; "kid gloves"
              subtype:  mocha.leather  soft suede glove leather from goatskin
              subtype:  morocco  a soft pebble-grained leather made from goatskin; used for shoes and book bindings etc.
                 subtype:  Levant_morocco__Levant  a heavy morocco often used in bookbinding
              subtype:  patent_leather  leather with a hard glossy surface
              subtype:  pigskin  leather from the skin of swine
              subtype:  sheepskin__fleece  tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing
                 subtype:  Golden_Fleece  in Greek mythology, a fleece of gold owned by the king of Colchis and guarded in a sacred grove by a dragon; recovered by Jason and the Argonauts
              subtype:  shoe_leather  leather used to make shoes
              subtype:  suede  leather with a napped surface
              subtype:  roan.leather  a soft sheepskin leather that is colored and finished to resemble morocco; used in bookbinding
           subtype:  fur  the dressed hairy coat of a mammal
              subtype:  astrakhan  the fur of young lambs
              subtype:  bearskin  the pelt of a bear (sometimes used as a rug)
              subtype:  beaver_fur  the soft brown fur of the beaver
              subtype:  chinchilla_fur  the expensive silvery gray fur of the chinchilla
              subtype:  ermine_fur  the expensive white fur of the ermine
              subtype:  fox_fur__foxfur  the gray or reddish-brown fur of a fox
              subtype:  lambskin  the skin of a lamb with the wool still on
                 subtype:  broadtail  the fur of a very young karakul lamb
                 subtype:  Persian_lamb_fur  the fur of a karakul lamb
              subtype:  rabbit_fur__lapin_fur__lapinfur  the fur of a rabbit
              subtype:  leopard_pelt__leopardpelt  the pelt of a leopard
              subtype:  mink_fur  the expensive fur of a mink
              subtype:  muskrat_fur  the brown fur of a muskrat
                 subtype:  hudson_sealskin  muskrat fur dressed to simulate sealskin
              subtype:  otter_fur__otterfur  the fur of an otter
              subtype:  raccoon_fur  the fur of the North American racoon
              subtype:  sable.fur  the expensive dark brown fur of the marten
              subtype:  sealskin__seal  the pelt or fur (especially the underfur) of a seal; "a coat of seal"
              subtype:  squirrel_fur  the fur of a squirrel
        subtype:  animal_fiber__animal_fibre  fiber derived from animals
           subtype:  horsehair.animal_fiber  taken from the mane or tail of a horse
           subtype:  silk.animal_fiber  fibers from silkworm cocoons provide threads for knitting
           subtype:  wool  fiber sheared from animals (such as sheep) and twisted into yarn for weaving
              subtype:  Shetland_wool  a wool obtained from sheep of the Shetland islands
              subtype:  raw_wool__rawwool  wool in its natural condition; not refined or processed
              subtype:  alpaca.wool  wool of the alpaca
              subtype:  cashmere.wool  the wool of the Kashmir goat
              subtype:  fleece.wool  the wool of a sheep or similar animal
              subtype:  shoddy  reclaimed wool fiber
              subtype:  vicuna.wool  the wool of the vicuna
              subtype:  virgin_wool  wool not used before; wool not processed or woven before
        subtype:  beeswax  a yellow to brown wax secreted by honeybees to build honeycombs
           subtype:  Ghedda_wax  wax from Indian and African bees
     subtype:  animal_oil  any oil obtained from animal substances
        subtype:  drying_oil  an oil that hardens in air due to oxidation and is often used as a paint or varnish base
        subtype:  blubber  an insulating layer of fat under the skin of whales and other large marine mammals; used as a source of oil
        subtype:  Dippel's_oil__bone_oil  dark-colored ill-smelling oil obtained by carbonizing bone; used especially in sheep dips and in denaturing alcohol
        subtype:  bone_oil  the liquid portion of bone fat; used as a lubricant and in leather manufacture
        subtype:  cod-liver_oil__codliveroil__cod_liver_oil__codliveroil  an oil obtained from the livers of cod and similar fishes; taken orally as a source of vitamins A and D
           subtype:  cod_oil__codoil  an inferior cod-liver oil that is used in leather manufacturing
        subtype:  wool_fat__lanolin__wool_grease  a yellow viscous animal oil extracted from wool; a mixture of fatty acids and esters; used in some ointments and cosmetics
        subtype:  fish_oil  oil obtained from fish
           subtype:  tuna_oil  an oil obtained from tuna
        subtype:  glyceride__acylglycerol  an ester of glycerol and fatty acids that occurs naturally as fats and fatty oils; "fresh fats contain glycerides of fatty acids and very little free acid"
           subtype:  triglyceride  glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body
        subtype:  goose_grease__goosegrease  grease derived from geese
        subtype:  halibut-liver_oil__halibutliveroil  a fatty oil from halibut livers that is used as a source of vitamin A
        subtype:  lard_oil  oil consisting chiefly of olein that is expressed from lard and used especially as a lubricant, cutting oil or illuminant
        subtype:  menhaden_oil  a fatty oil obtained from the menhaden fish and used in paint and ink and in treating leather
        subtype:  neat's-foot_oil  a pale yellow oil made from the feet and legs of cattle; used as a dressing for leather
        subtype:  oleo_oil  obtained from beef fat; used in making margarine and soap and in lubrication
        subtype:  porpoise_oil  a yellow fatty oil obtained from porpoises and used as a fine lubricant
        subtype:  dolphin_oil__dolphinoil  an unsaturated fatty oil obtained from dolphins and used as a fine lubricant
        subtype:  salmon_oil  a fatty oil obtained from the wastes in canning salmon; used in making soap and dressing leather
        subtype:  sardine_oil__sardineoil  oil obtained from sardines and used chiefly as a lubricant and in soap
        subtype:  seal_oil  a pale yellow to red-brown fatty oil obtained from seal blubber; used in making soap and dressing leather and as a lubricant
        subtype:  shark_oil__shark-liver_oil  a fatty yellow to brown oil obtained from the livers of sharks; used for dressing leather and as a source of vitamin A
        subtype:  sperm_oil  an animal oil found in the blubber of the sperm whale
        subtype:  tallow  obtained from suet and used in making soap, candles and lubricants
           subtype:  beef_tallow  tallow obtained from a bovine animal
           subtype:  dubbin  tallow mixed with oil; used to make leather soft and waterproof
           subtype:  mutton_tallow  tallow from the body of a mature sheep
        subtype:  tallow_oil  an animal oil obtained by pressing tallow; used as a lubricant
        subtype:  whale_oil__train_oil  a white to brown oil obtained from whale blubber; formerly used as an illuminant
        subtype:  wool_oil  any oil used to oil wool before spinning
     subtype:  dentin__dentine  a calcareous material harder and denser than bone that comprises the bulk of a tooth
        subtype:  ivory__tusk  a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses
     subtype:  osseous_tissue__osseoustissue__bone  the porous calcified substance from which bones are made
     subtype:  horn.animal_material  the material (mostly keratin) that covers the horns of ungulates and forms hooves and claws and nails
        subtype:  whalebone__baleen  a horny material from the upper jaws of certain whales; used as the ribs of fans or as stays in corsets
        subtype:  tortoiseshell  the mottled horny substance of the shell of some turtles
     subtype:  shell  the material that forms the hard outer covering of many animals
        subtype:  mother-of-pearl__nacre  the iridescent internal layer of a mollusk shell
     subtype:  animal_fat  any fat obtained from animals; "animal fat is high in saturated fatty acids"
        subtype:  bone_fat  fatty matter in bones extracted with solvents or by boiling or steaming; used chiefly in candles and cheap soaps an in lubricating greases
        subtype:  butterfat  the fatty substance of milk from which butter is made
  subtype:  fluff.material  any light downy material
  subtype:  bimetal  material made by bonding together sheets of two different metals
  subtype:  abrasive_material__abrasive__abradant  a substance that abrades or wears down
     subtype:  carborundum  (trade mark) an abrasive composed of silicon carbide crystals
     subtype:  steel_wool__steelwool__wire_wool  a mass of woven steel fibers used as an abrasive
     subtype:  emery_cloth__emerycloth  cloth covered with powdered emery
     subtype:  emery_paper__emerypaper__sandpaper  stiff paper coated with powdered emery or sand
  subtype:  chemical  produced by or used in a reaction involving changes in atoms or molecules
     subtype:  explosive  a chemical substance that undergoes a rapid chemical change (with the production of gas) on being heated or struck
        subtype:  blasting_gelatin  mixture of guncotton with nitroglycerin
        subtype:  explosive_charge__explosivecharge__charge__burster__bursting_charge  a quantity of explosive to be set off at one time; "this cartridge has a powder charge of 50 grains"
           subtype:  shot.explosive_charge  an explosive charge used in blasting
           subtype:  undercharge  an insufficient charge
           subtype:  rocket_fuel__rocket_propellant__rocket_propellent  an explosive charge that propels a rocket
        subtype:  cordite  explosive powder (nitroglycerin and guncotton and petrolatum) dissolved in acetone and dried and extruded in brown cords
        subtype:  dynamite  an explosive containing nitrate sensitized with nitroglycerin absorbed on wood pulp
           subtype:  gelignite__gelly  a type of dynamite in which the nitroglycerin is absorbed in a base of wood pulp and sodium or potassium nitrate
        subtype:  plastic_explosive__plasticexplosive__plastique  an explosive material that is easily molded around the object it is intended to destroy
        subtype:  TNT__trinitrotoluene  explosive consisting of a yellow crystalline compound that is a flammable toxic derivative of toluene
        subtype:  warhead__payload__load  the part of a missile or torpedo that carries the explosive charge
           subtype:  atomic_warhead__nuclear_warhead__nuclearwarhead__thermonuclear_warhead__thermonuclearwarhead__nuke  the warhead of a missile designed to deliver an atom bomb
        subtype:  hydrazoic_acid__hydrazoicacid__azoimide__hydrogen_azide__HN  a colorless explosive liquid that is volatile and poisonous and foul-smelling
        subtype:  high_explosive  a powerful chemical explosive that produces gas at a high rate
        subtype:  gunpowder__powder  a mixture of potassium nitrate, charcoal, and sulfur in a 75:15:10 ratio which is used in gunnery, time fuses, and fireworks
        subtype:  smokeless_powder__smokelesspowder  an explosive that burns with relatively little smoke; contains pyrocellulose and is used as a propellant
     subtype:  reactant  a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction
     subtype:  Alar__daminozide  a growth-regulating chemical sprayed on fruit trees; entire crop can be harvested at one time
     subtype:  carrier.chemical  an inactive substance that is a vehicle for a radioactive tracer of the same substance and that assists in its recovery after some chemical reaction
     subtype:  bactericide  any chemical agent that destroys bacteria
     subtype:  carbon_tetrahalide  compounds composed of 1 carbon and 4 halogen molecules
     subtype:  fertilizer__plant_food__plantfood  any substance such as manure or a mixture of nitrates used to make soil more fertile
        subtype:  organic_fertilizer__organicfertilizer__organic  a fertilizer that is derived from animal or vegetable matter
           subtype:  bonemeal  fertilizer made of ground bones
           subtype:  neem_cake  residue after oil is pressed from neem seeds
           subtype:  manure  any animal or plant material used to fertilize land especially animal excreta usually with litter material
              subtype:  chicken_manure__chickenmanure  chicken excreta used as fertilizer
              subtype:  cow_manure__cowmanure  cow excreta used as fertilizer
              subtype:  green_manure__greenmanure  a growing crop that is plowed under to enrich soil
              subtype:  horse_manure__horsemanure  horse excreta used as fertilizer
              subtype:  night_soil__nightsoil  human excreta used as fertilizer
           subtype:  fish_meal  ground dried fish used as fertilizer and as feed for domestic livestock
           subtype:  guano  the excrement of sea birds; used as fertilizer
     subtype:  flux.chemical  a substance added to molten metals to bond with impurities that can then be readily removed
        subtype:  soldering_flux__solderingflux  flux applied to surfaces that are to be joined by soldering; flux cleans the surfaces and results in a better bond
     subtype:  fumigant  a chemical substance used in fumigation
     subtype:  herbicide__weedkiller__weed_killer  a chemical agent that destroys plants or inhibits their growth
        subtype:  Agent_Orange  a herbicide used in the Vietnam War to defoliate forest areas
        subtype:  paraquat  a poisonous yellow solid used in solution as a herbicide
        subtype:  silvex  a herbicide that is effective in controlling woody plants but is toxic to animals
        subtype:  simazine  a herbicide used to control weeds (especially among crops)
     subtype:  intermediate  a substance formed during a chemical process before the desired product is obtained
     subtype:  fraction.chemical  a component of a mixture that has been separated by a fractional process
     subtype:  larvicide  a chemical used to kill larval pests
     subtype:  pesticide  a chemical used to kill pests (as rodents or insects)
        subtype:  acaricide__acaracide  a chemical agent used to kill mites
        subtype:  insecticide__insect_powder  a chemical used to kill insects
           subtype:  pyrethrum  made of dried flower heads of pyrethrum plants
           subtype:  dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane__ddt  an insecticide that is also toxic to animals and humans; banned in the United States since 1972
           subtype:  larvacide  an insecticide that kills the larvae of insects
           subtype:  lead_arsenate  a poisonous white solid (Pb3[AsO4]2) used as an insecticide
           subtype:  lindane  an agricultural insecticide
              subtype:  Kwell  (trademark) a preparation of lindane that is used to kill lice and itch mites; available in cream or shampoo
           subtype:  Malathion  (trade mark) a yellow insecticide used as a dust or spray to control garden pests and house flies and mites
           subtype:  organophosphate  an insecticide that interferes with an insect's nervous system
              subtype:  chlorpyrifos  a common organophosphate insecticide
           subtype:  parathion  a colorless and odorless toxic oil used as an insecticide
           subtype:  Paris_green  a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
           subtype:  rotenone  a white crystalline insecticide that has low toxicity for mammals; is used in home gardens; extracted from the roots of derris and cube
        subtype:  pediculicide  a chemical agent that kills lice
        subtype:  phosphine  a colorless gas with a strong fishy smell; used as a pesticide
        subtype:  scabicide  a drug that destroys the itch mite that causes scabies
        subtype:  sheep_dip__sheepdip  a liquid mixture containing pesticides in which sheep are dipped to kill parasites
        subtype:  spray  a pesticide in suspension or solution; intended for spraying
     subtype:  product.chemical  a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction; "a product of lime and nitric acid"
        subtype:  hydrolysate  a product of hydrolysis
        subtype:  filtrate  the product of filtration; a gas or liquid that has been passed through a filter
           subtype:  percolate  the product of percolation
     subtype:  restrainer  a chemical that is added to a photographic developer in order to retard development and reduce the amount of fog on a film
        subtype:  potassium_bromide__potassiumbromide  a white crystalline salt (KBr) used as a sedative and in photography
     subtype:  stabilizer.chemical  a chemical that is added to a solution or mixture or suspension to maintain it in a stable or unchanging state
     subtype:  softener  a substance added to another to make it less hard
        subtype:  conditioner.softener  a substance used in washing (clothing or hair) to make things softer
        subtype:  plasticizer  a substance added to plastics or other materials to make them more pliable
        subtype:  water_softener__watersoftener  a substance that lessens the hardness of water giving it more efficient sudsing
  subtype:  composite_material__compositematerial  strong lightweight material developed in the laboratory; fibers of more than one kind are bonded together chemically
  subtype:  conductor.material  a substance that readily conducts e.g. electricity and heat
     subtype:  Cu__copper__atomic_number_29  a ductile malleable reddish-brown corrosion-resistant diamagnetic metallic element; occurs in various minerals but is the only metal that occurs abundantly in large masses; used as an electrical and thermal conductor
        subtype:  blister_copper__blistercopper  an impure form of copper having a black blistered surface
     subtype:  Ag__silver__atomic_number_47  a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography
        subtype:  coin_silver  a silver of the degree of purity established for making legal silver coins
     subtype:  semiconductor  a substance as germanium or silicon whose electrical conductivity is intermediate between that of a metal and an insulator; it increases with temperature and in the presence of impurities
        subtype:  germanium__Ge__atomic_number_32  a brittle gray crystalline element that is a semiconducting metalloid (resembling silicon) used in transistors; occurs in germanite and argyrodite
  subtype:  insulator__dielectric__nonconductor  a material such as glass or porcelain with negligible electrical or thermal conductivity
     subtype:  bushing  an insulating liner in an opening through which conductors pass
     subtype:  mineral_wool__mineralwool__rock_wool  a light fibrous material used as an insulator
     subtype:  glass_wool__glasswool  glass fibers spun and massed into bundles resembling wool
  subtype:  contaminant__contamination  a substance that contaminates
  subtype:  dust.material  free microscopic particles of solid material; "astronomers say that the empty space between planets actually contains measurable amounts of dust"
     subtype:  interplanetary_dust  microscopic particles in the interplanetary medium
  subtype:  elastomer  any of various elastic materials that resemble rubber (resumes its original shape when a deforming force is removed)
  subtype:  earth.material  the loose soft material that makes up a large part of the land surface; "they dug into the earth outside the church"
     subtype:  moraine  accumulated earth and stones deposited by a glacier
     subtype:  diatomaceous_earth__diatomite__kieselguhr  a light soil consisting of siliceous diatom remains and often used as a filtering material
     subtype:  saprolite  a deposit of clay and disintegrating rock that is found in its original place
     subtype:  dirt__soil  the part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock
        subtype:  marl  a loose and crumbling earthy deposit consisting mainly of calcite or dolomite; used as a fertilizer for soils deficient in lime
        subtype:  regosol  a type of soil consisting of unconsolidated material from freshly deposited alluvium or sand
        subtype:  residual_soil__residual_clay  the soil that is remaining after the soluble elements have been dissolved
        subtype:  topsoil__surface_soil__surfacesoil  the layer of soil on the surface
        subtype:  subsoil__undersoil  the layer of soil between the topsoil and bedrock
        subtype:  alluvial_soil  a fine-grained fertile soil deposited by water flowing over flood plains or in river beds
        subtype:  bog_soil__bogsoil  poorly drained soils on top of peat and under marsh or swamp vegetation
        subtype:  clay  soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired
           subtype:  adobe  the clay from which adobe bricks are made
           subtype:  china_clay__chinaclay__china_stone__chinastone__kaolin__kaoline__porcelain_clay__porcelainclay__terra_alba__terraalba  a fine usually white clay formed by the weathering of aluminous minerals (as feldspar); used in ceramics and as an absorbent and as a filler (e.g., in paper)
           subtype:  red_clay__redclay  clay whose redness results from iron oxide
           subtype:  pipeclay__terra_alba__terraalba  fine white clay used in making tobacco pipes and pottery and in whitening leather
           subtype:  bentonite  an absorbent aluminum silicate clay formed from volcanic ash
           subtype:  fireclay  a heat-resistant clay
           subtype:  Kitty_Litter  (trademark) granulated clay; placed in a container where it absorbs the waste products of a cat or dog
           subtype:  potter's_clay__potter's_earth  clay that does not contain any iron; used in making pottery or for modeling
              subtype:  slip.potter's_clay  potter's clay that is thinned and used for coating or decorating ceramics
           subtype:  daub.clay  material used to daub walls
        subtype:  clunch  (British) hardened clay
        subtype:  desert_soil__desertic_soil  a type of soil that develops in arid climates
        subtype:  dust  fine powdery material such as dry earth or pollen that can be blown about in the air; "the furniture was covered with dust"
           subtype:  chalk_dust__chalkdust  dust resulting from writing with a piece of chalk; "the teacher's hands were covered with chalk dust"
           subtype:  fallout__radioactive_dust__radioactivedust  the radioactive particles that settle to the ground after a nuclear explosion
        subtype:  hardpan__caliche  crust or layer of hard subsoil encrusted with calcium-carbonate occurring in arid or semiarid regions
        subtype:  fuller's_earth  an absorbent soil resembling clay; used in fulling (shrinking and thickening) woolen cloth and as an adsorbent
        subtype:  gilgai_soil  (Australian) soil in the melon holes of Australia
        subtype:  gumbo_soil__gumbosoil__gumbo  any of various fine-grained silty soils that become waxy and very sticky mud when saturated with water
        subtype:  humus__humu  partially decomposed organic matter; the organic component of soil
        subtype:  indurated_clay__induratedclay  hardened clay
        subtype:  Indian_red.dirt__indianred  a red soil containing ferric oxide; often used as a pigment
        subtype:  laterite  a red soil produced by rock decay; contains insoluble deposits of ferric and aluminum oxides
        subtype:  loam  a rich soil consisting of a mixture of sand and clay and decaying organic materials
           subtype:  regur_soil__regursoil__regur  a rich black loam of India
           subtype:  chernozemic_soil__chernozemicsoil  a rich black loam of Russia
        subtype:  loess__loes  a fine-grained unstratified accumulation of clay and silt deposited by the wind
        subtype:  mould__mold  loose soil rich in organic matter
           subtype:  leaf_mold__leaf_mould__leaf_soil  soil composed mainly of decaying leaves
        subtype:  mud.dirt__clay  water soaked soil; soft wet earth
           subtype:  bleaching_clay__bleachingclay__bleachingearth  an adsorbent clay that will remove coloring from oils
           subtype:  mud_pie__mudpie  a mass of mud that a child has molded into the shape of pie
        subtype:  bole  a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)
        subtype:  podzol_soil__podzol__podsol__podsol_soil__podsolic_soil  a soil that develops in temperate to cold moist climates under coniferous or heath vegetation; an organic mat over a gray leached layer
        subtype:  prairie_soil__prairiesoil  a type of soil occurring under grasses in temperate climates
        subtype:  sand  a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral
        subtype:  sedimentary_clay__sedimentaryclay  clay soil formed by sedimentary deposits
        subtype:  silt  mud or clay or small rocks deposited by a river or lake
        subtype:  till__boulder_clay__boulderclay  unstratified soil deposited by a glacier; consists of sand and clay and gravel and boulders mixed together
        subtype:  tundra_soil  a black mucky soil with a frozen subsoil that is characteristic of arctic and subarctic regions
        subtype:  wiesenboden  a dark meadow soil rich in organic material; developed through poor drainage in humid grassy or sedge regions
  subtype:  discharge.material__emission  a substance that is emitted or released
     subtype:  exudate  a substance that oozes from animal or plant pores
        subtype:  gum  any of various substances (soluble in water) that exude from certain plants; they are gelatinous when moist but harden on drying
           subtype:  sweet_gum__sweetgum__liquidambar  aromatic exudate from the sweet gum tree
           subtype:  eucalyptus_gum__eucalyptus_kino__eucalyptuskino__red_gum__redgum  reddish-brown dried gummy exudation from any of several trees of the genus Eucalyptus especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis
           subtype:  gutta_balata__guttabalata__balata  when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls
           subtype:  gum_ammoniac__gumammoniac__ammoniac  the aromatic gum of the ammoniac plant
           subtype:  carrageenin  a colloidal extract from carrageen seaweed and other red algae
           subtype:  conima  a gum resin from the conium hemlock tree
           subtype:  dragon's_blood  a dark red resinous substance derived from various trees and used in photoengraving
           subtype:  euphorbium__gum_eurphorbium__gumeurphorbium  an acrid brown gum resin now used mainly in veterinary medicine
           subtype:  frankincense__olibanum__gum_olibanum__gumolibanum__thu  an aromatic gum resin obtained from various Arabian or East African trees; formerly valued for worship and for embalming and fumigation
           subtype:  galbanum__gum_albanum__gumalbanum  a bitter aromatic gum resin that resembles asafetida
           subtype:  ghatti_gum__ghatti  an Indian gum from the dhawa tree; used as a substitute for gum arabic
           subtype:  agar-agar__agar  a colloidal extract of algae; used especially in culture media and as a gelling agent in foods
           subtype:  algin__alginic_acid__alginicacid  a gum used especially as a thickener or emulsifier
           subtype:  cherry-tree_gum  exudation from trees of the prunus genus; resembles gum arabic
           subtype:  chicle_gum__chicle  gum-like substance from the sapodilla
           subtype:  chewing_gum__chewinggum  a gum prepared for chewing; sweetened and flavored
           subtype:  guar_gum  from seeds of the guar plant; used to thicken foods and as sizing for paper and cloth
           subtype:  gum_arabic__gumarabic__gum_acacia__gumacacia  gum from an acacia tree; used as a thickener (especially in candies and pharmaceuticals)
              subtype:  Senegal_gum  from the vicinity of the Senegal river
           subtype:  gum_butea__butea_gum__buteagum__butea_kino__buteakino__Bengal_kino  dried juice of the dhak tree; used as an astringent
           subtype:  gum_kino__gumkino__kino_gum  obtained from various tropical plants; used as an astringent and in tanning
           subtype:  mesquite_gum  obtained from mesquite pods; resembles gum arabic
           subtype:  mucilage  a gelatinous substance secreted by plants
           subtype:  sterculia_gum__sterculiagum__karaya_gum  exudate of an Asian tree; used for finishing textiles and to thicken foodstuffs and cosmetics
           subtype:  gutta-percha__guttapercha  a whitish rubber derived from the coagulated milky latex of the gutta-percha tree
           subtype:  lacquer.gum  a black resinous substance obtained from certain trees and used as a natural varnish
           subtype:  opopanax  an odorous gum resin formerly used in medicines
           subtype:  gum_sangapenum__gumsangapenum__sangapenum  a variety of gum
           subtype:  tragacanth  a gum used in pharmacy, adhesives, and textile printing
        subtype:  latex  a milky exudate from certain plants that coagulates on exposure to air
           subtype:  India_rubber__rubber__gum_elastic__caoutchouc  latex from trees (especially trees of the genera Hevea and Ficus)
              subtype:  foam_rubber  spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization
              subtype:  crepe_rubber__creperubber  crude natural rubber; used mainly for shoe soles
              subtype:  synthetic_rubber__syntheticrubber  any of various synthetic materials that resemble rubber
                 subtype:  silicone_rubber  made from silicone elastomers; retains flexibility resilience and tensile strength over a wide temperature range
                 subtype:  neoprene  resistant to oils and aging; used in waterproof products
                 subtype:  Buna  made by polymerizing butadiene
                 subtype:  Butyl  made by polymerizing isobutylene
              subtype:  cold_rubber  a rubber made at low temperatures (5 degrees Centigrade) which is tougher than conventional rubber and is often used in car tires
              subtype:  hard_rubber__vulcanite__ebonite  a hard nonresilient rubber formed by vulcanizing natural rubber
              subtype:  Para_rubber  a type of South American rubber
     subtype:  effluvium  an foul-smelling outflow or vapor (especially a gaseous waste)
     subtype:  vaginal_discharge__vaginaldischarge  discharge of secretions from the cervical glands of the vagina; normally clear or white
  subtype:  detritus  loose material (stone fragments and silt etc) that is worn away from rocks
  subtype:  waste_material__wastematerial__waste__waste_matter__wastematter__waste_product__wasteproduct  any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted; "they collect the waste once a week"; "much of the waste material is carried off in the sewers"
     subtype:  impurity__dross__dros  worthless material that should be removed; "there were impurities in the water"
     subtype:  exhaust_fumes__exhaustfume__fumes  gases ejected from an engine as waste products
     subtype:  body_waste__excretion__excrement__excretory_product__excretoryproduct  waste matter (as urine or sweat but especially feces) discharged from the body
        subtype:  fecal_matter__fecalmatter__faecal_matter__feces__fece__faeces__BM__stool__ordure__dejection  solid excretory product evacuated from the bowels
           subtype:  dog_shit__dogshit__dog_do__dogdo__doggy_do__doggydo__dog_turd__dogturd  fecal droppings from a dog
           subtype:  crap__dirt__shit__shite__turd  obscene terms for feces
           subtype:  droppings__dropping__dung__muck  fecal matter of animals
              subtype:  buffalo_chip__buffalochip__chip__cow_chip__cowchip__cow_dung__cowdung  a piece of dried bovine dung
              subtype:  pigeon_droppings  droppings of pigeons
              subtype:  cow_pie  fecal matter of a cow
           subtype:  meconium  thick dark green mucoid material that is the first feces of a newborn child
           subtype:  melena__melaena  abnormally dark tarry feces containing blood (usually from gastrointestinal bleeding)
        subtype:  fecula  excreta (especially of insects)
        subtype:  wormcast.body_waste  cylindrical mass of earth voided by a burrowing earthworm or lugworm
        subtype:  human_waste  the body wastes of human beings
        subtype:  urine__piss__pee__piddle__weewee  liquid excretory product; "there was blood in his urine"; "the child had to make water"
        subtype:  vomit__vomitus__puke  the matter ejected in vomiting
        subtype:  guano  the excrement of sea birds; used as fertilizer
     subtype:  sewage__sewerage  waste matter carried away in sewers or drains
     subtype:  effluent__wastewater__sewer_water  water mixed with waste matter
     subtype:  garbage__food_waste__scraps  food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)
     subtype:  pollutant  waste matter that contaminates the water or air or soil
        subtype:  dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane__ddt  an insecticide that is also toxic to animals and humans; banned in the United States since 1972
        subtype:  chlorofluorocarbon__CFC  a fluorocarbon with chlorine; formerly used as a refrigerant and as a propellant in aerosol cans; "CFCs cause depletion of atmospheric ozone"
        subtype:  halon  a compound in which the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon have been replaced by bromine and other halogen atoms; very stable; used in fire extinguishers although it is thought to release bromine that depletes the ozone layer
        subtype:  nitrogen_oxide  any of several oxides of nitrogen formed by the action of nitric acid on oxidizable materials; present in car exhausts
        subtype:  sulfur_dioxide__sulphur_dioxide__sulphurdioxide  a toxic gas (SO2) that occurs in the gases from volcanoes; used in many manufacturing processes and present in industrial emissions
     subtype:  rubbish__trash  worthless material that is discarded
        subtype:  debris__dust__junk__rubble__detritus  the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up
        subtype:  litter.rubbish  rubbish carelessly dropped or left about (especially in public places)
     subtype:  toxic_waste__toxicwaste__toxic_industrial_waste  poisonous waste materials; can cause injury (especially by chemical means)
  subtype:  fiber__fibre  a slender and greatly elongated solid substance
     subtype:  byssus__beard  tuft of strong filaments by which e.g. a mussel makes itself fast to a fixed surface
     subtype:  bristle  a stiff fiber (coarse hair or filament); natural or synthetic
     subtype:  optical_fiber__opticalfiber__glass_fiber__glassfiber__optical_fibre__opticalfibre__glass_fibre__glassfibre  a very thin fiber made of glass that functions as a waveguide for light; used in bundles to transmit images
     subtype:  nerve_fiber__nervefiber__nerve_fibre__nervefibre  a threadlike extension of a nerve cell
        subtype:  medullated_nerve_fiber__myelinated_nerve_fiber  a nerve fiber encased in a sheath of myelin
        subtype:  effector.nerve_fiber  a nerve fiber that terminates on a muscle or gland and stimulates contraction or secretion
        subtype:  axon__axone  long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron
        subtype:  dendrite  short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron
     subtype:  spindle.fiber  (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle; "chromosomes are distributed by spindles in mitosis and meiosis"
     subtype:  loofa__loofah__luffa__loufah_sponge  the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer
     subtype:  Cebu_maguey__cantala__manilamaguey  hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants
     subtype:  bassine  coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms
     subtype:  coir  stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut
     subtype:  raffia  fiber of a raffia palm used as light cordage and in making hats and baskets
     subtype:  fibril__filament__strand  a very slender natural or synthetic fiber
        subtype:  barb  one of the parallel filaments projecting from the main shaft of a feather
        subtype:  cobweb.fibril__gossamer  filaments from a cobweb
        subtype:  chromatid  one of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis
        subtype:  myofibril__myofibrilla  one of many contractile filaments that make up a striated muscle fiber
        subtype:  rhizoid  any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc
           subtype:  leak_fungus__ring_rot_fungus__Rhizopus_stolonifer  fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes
        subtype:  hypha  any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus
           subtype:  conidiophore  a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia
           subtype:  rhizomorph  a dense mass of hyphae forming a rootlike structure characteristic of many fungi
        subtype:  paraphysis  a sterile simple or branched filament or hair borne among sporangia; may be pointed or clubbed
     subtype:  lint  fine ravellings of cotton or linen fibers
     subtype:  man-made_fiber__synthetic_fiber__syntheticfiber  created from natural materials or by chemical processes
        subtype:  acrylic_fiber__acrylicfiber__acrylic  polymerized from acrylonitrile
        subtype:  nylon.polyamide  a thermoplastic polyamide; a family of high-strength resilient synthetic materials
     subtype:  natural_fiber__naturalfiber__natural_fibre__naturalfibre  derived from plants or animals
        subtype:  pandanus  fiber from leaves of the pandanus tree; used for woven articles (such as mats)
        subtype:  New_Zealand_cotton  a fiber from the bast of New Zealand ribbon trees that resembles cotton fiber
        subtype:  bowstring_hemp__bowstringhemp  strong fiber that resembles hemp; obtained from sansevieria and used for e.g. cordage
        subtype:  bast_fiber__bast  strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants
        subtype:  animal_fiber__animal_fibre  fiber derived from animals
        subtype:  plant_fiber__plantfiber__plant_fibre__plantfibre  fiber derived from plants
           subtype:  buntal  fine white Philippine fiber from stalks of unopened leaves of talipot palms; used in making hats
           subtype:  flax.plant_fiber  fiber of the flax plant that is made into thread and woven into linen fabric
           subtype:  cotton_wool__cotton  silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state
              subtype:  absorbent_cotton__absorbentcotton__cotton_wool  cotton made absorbent by removal of the natural wax
           subtype:  hemp  a plant fiber
              subtype:  kenaf__deccanhemp  fiber from an East Indian plant Hibiscus cannabinus
              subtype:  bowstring_hemp.hemp__bowstringhemp  hemp obtained from the sansevieria
              subtype:  Manilla_hemp__Manila_hemp__abaca  a kind of hemp obtained from the abaca plant in the Philippines
           subtype:  jute  a plant fiber used in making rope or sacks
           subtype:  kapok__silk_cotton__vegetable_silk__vegetablesilk  from the kapok tree; used for stuffing and insulation
              subtype:  red_silk_cotton  from the red silk-cotton tree of E India; inferior to kapok
           subtype:  straw  plant fiber used e.g. for making baskets and hats or as fodder
           subtype:  raphia__raffia  leaf fibers of the raffia palm tree; used to make baskets and mats etc.
           subtype:  sisal_hemp__sisalhemp__sisal  a plant fiber used for making rope
     subtype:  oakum  loose hemp or jute fiber obtained by unravelling old ropes; when impregnated with tar it was used to caulk seams and pack joints in wooden ships
     subtype:  raveling__ravelling  a bit of fiber that has become separated from woven fabric
  subtype:  filling.material  any material that fills a space or container; "there was not enough fill for the trench"
     subtype:  cement.filling  any of various materials used by dentists to fill cavities in teeth
  subtype:  foam  a lightweight material in cellular form; made by introducing gas bubbles during manufacture
     subtype:  Styrofoam  (trademark) a light resilient foam of polystyrene
     subtype:  foam_rubber  spongy rubber; made by introducing air bubbles before vulcanization
  subtype:  lubricant__lubricator__lubricating_substance__lubricatingsubstance  a substance capable of reducing friction by making surfaces smooth or slippery
     subtype:  drilling_mud__drilling_fluid  a mixture of clays and chemicals and water; pumped down the drill pipe to lubricate and cool the drilling bit and to to flush out the cuttings and to strengthen the sides of the hole
     subtype:  motor_oil  oil used to lubricate the moving parts of a motor
  subtype:  homogenate  material that has been homogenized (especially tissue that has been ground and mixed); "liver homogenate"
  subtype:  paper  a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses
     subtype:  card  one of a set of small pieces of stiff paper marked in various ways and used for playing games or for telling fortunes; "he collected cards and traded them with the other boys"
        subtype:  playing_card__playingcard  one of a pack of cards used in playing card games
           subtype:  ace.playing_card  one of four playing cards in a deck having a single pip on its face
              subtype:  ace_of_clubs  the ace in the club suit
              subtype:  ace_of_diamonds  the ace in the diamond suit
              subtype:  ace_of_hearts  the ace in the heart suit
              subtype:  ace_of_spades  the ace of spades; sometimes taken as a portent of death
           subtype:  club.playing_card  a playing card in the minor suit of clubs (having one or more black trefoils on it); "he led a small club"; "clubs were trumps"
           subtype:  deuce  one of the four playing cards in a deck that have two spots
           subtype:  diamond.playing_card  a playing card in the minor suit of diamonds
           subtype:  draw.playing_card  a playing card or cards dealt or taken from the pack; "he got a pair of kings in the draw"
           subtype:  face_card__picture_card__picturecard__court_card__courtcard  one of the twelve cards in a deck bearing a picture of a face
              subtype:  knave__jack  one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a young prince
              subtype:  king.face_card  one of the four playing cards in a deck bearing the picture of a king
              subtype:  queen.face_card  one of four face cards in a deck bearing a picture of a queen
           subtype:  gaming_card  one of a set of cards used in gambling games
           subtype:  heart.playing_card  a playing card in the major suit of hearts; "he led the queen of hearts"
           subtype:  hole_card  (stud poker) a playing card dealt face down and not revealed until the showdown
           subtype:  singleton  the playing card that is the only card in a suit held in a bridge hand as initially dealt
           subtype:  spade  a playing card in the major suit of spades
           subtype:  spot.playing_card  a playing card with a specified number of pips on it to indicate its value; "an eight spot"
              subtype:  eight-spot__eightspot  a playing card with eight pips on the face
              subtype:  five-spot  a playing card or a domino or a die whose upward face shows five pips
              subtype:  four-spot  a playing card or domino or die whose upward face shows four pips
              subtype:  nine-spot  a playing card with nine pips on the face
              subtype:  seven-spot__sevenspot  a spot with seven pips on the face
              subtype:  six-spot__sixspot  a playing card or domino or die whose upward face shows six pips
              subtype:  ten-spot__tenspot  a spot (or playing card) with ten pips on the face
           subtype:  stopper  (bridge) a playing card with a value sufficiently high to insure taking a trick in a particular suit; "if my partner has a spade stopper I can bid no trump"
           subtype:  suit.playing_card  playing card in any of four sets of 13 cards in a pack; each set has its own symbol and color; "a flush is five cards in the same suit"; "in bridge you must follow suit"; "what suit is trumps?"
              subtype:  major_suit__majorsuit  (in bridge) a suit of superior scoring value, either spades or hearts
              subtype:  minor_suit__minorsuit  (in bridge) a suit of inferior scoring value, either diamonds or clubs
           subtype:  trey  one of four playing cards in a deck having three pips
           subtype:  trump_card__trumpcard__trump  a playing card in the suit that has been declared trumps
        subtype:  punched_card__punchedcard__punch_card__punchcard__Hollerith_card  a card on which data can be recorded in the form of punched holes
        subtype:  trading_card__tradingcard  a card with a picture on it; collected and traded by children
           subtype:  baseball_card  a trading card with a picture of a baseball player and information about his playing record
     subtype:  confetti  small pieces or streamers of colored paper that are thrown around on festive occasions (as at a wedding)
     subtype:  sheet_of_paper__sheet__piece_of_paper  used for writing or printing
        subtype:  slip_of_paper__slip  a small sheet of paper; "a receipt slip"
        subtype:  signature.sheet_of_paper  a sheet with several pages printed on it; it folds to page size and is bound with other signatures to form a book
        subtype:  leaf.sheet_of_paper__folio  a sheet of any written or printed material (especially in a manuscript or book)
           subtype:  flyleaf  a blank leaf in the front of back of a book
           subtype:  page  especially one side of a leaf
              subtype:  full_page  something that covers an entire page; "the ad took up a full page"
              subtype:  half_page  something that covers (the top or bottom) half of a page
              subtype:  recto  right-hand page
              subtype:  verso  left-hand page
              subtype:  title_page__titlepage  a page of a book displaying the title and author and publisher
              subtype:  half_title__bastard_title__bastardtitle  a first page of some books displaying only the title of the book
              subtype:  sports_page  any page in the sports section of a newspaper
              subtype:  spreadhead__spread__facing_pages  two facing pages of a book or other publication
                 subtype:  center_spread__centre_spread  the spread at the center of a magazine
                 subtype:  centerfold__centrefold  a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature
              subtype:  foldout  an oversize page that is folded in to a book or magazine
                 subtype:  centerfold__centrefold  a magazine center spread; especially a foldout of a large photograph or map or other feature
        subtype:  tear_sheet  a sheet that can be easily torn out of a publication
        subtype:  foolscap  a size of paper used especially in Britain
        subtype:  style_sheet__stylesheet  a sheet summarizing the editorial conventions to be followed in preparing text for publication
        subtype:  worksheet  a sheet of paper with multiple columns; used by an accountant to assemble figures for financial statements
     subtype:  art_paper  a high-quality paper (usually having a filler of china clay)
     subtype:  blotting_paper__blotter  absorbent paper used to dry ink
     subtype:  blueprint_paper__blueprintpaper  sensitized paper used to make blueprints
     subtype:  carbon_paper__carbon  a thin paper coated on one side with a dark waxy substance (often containing carbon); used to transfer characters from the original to an under sheet of paper
     subtype:  cardboard__compositionboard  a stiff moderately thick paper
        subtype:  binder's_board__binder_board  a cardboard used by bookbinders to make covers for books
        subtype:  card.cardboard  thin cardboard, usually rectangular
           subtype:  timecard  a card used with a time clock to record an employee's starting and quitting times each day
        subtype:  corrugated_board__corrugated_cardboard  cardboard with corrugations (can be glued to flat cardboard on one or both sides)
        subtype:  paperboard__posterboard  a cardboard suitable for making posters
        subtype:  pasteboard  stiff cardboard made by pasting together layers of paper
           subtype:  millboard  stout pasteboard used to bind books
        subtype:  strawboard  a coarse yellow cardboard made of straw pulp
     subtype:  cartridge_paper__cartridgepaper  paper for making cartridge cases
     subtype:  chad  a small piece of paper that is supposed to be removed when a hole is punched in a card or paper tape
        subtype:  dimpled_chad__dimpledchad__pregnant_chad__dimple  a chad that has been punched or dimpled but all four corners are still attached
        subtype:  hanging_chad__hangingchad  a chad that is incompletely removed and hanging by one corner
        subtype:  swinging_chad  a chad that is incompletely removed and still attached at two corners
        subtype:  tri-chad__trichad  a chad that is incompletely removed and still attached at three corners
     subtype:  computer_paper  paper folded to permit continuous printing controlled by a computer
     subtype:  construction_paper  paper suitable for drawing and making cutouts
     subtype:  crepe_paper__crepepaper__crepe  paper with a crinkled texture; usually colored and used for decorations
     subtype:  drawing_paper__drawingpaper  paper that is specially prepared for use in drafting
        subtype:  cartridge_paper.drawing_paper__cartridgepaper  thick white paper for pencil and ink drawings
     subtype:  filter_paper  a porous unsized paper used for filtering
     subtype:  flypaper  paper that is poisoned or coated with a sticky substance to kill flies
     subtype:  graph_paper  paper that has lines to permit drawing graphs
     subtype:  linen_paper__linenpaper__linen  a high-quality paper made of linen fibers or with a linen finish
     subtype:  litmus_paper  unsized paper treated with litmus for use as an acid-base indicator
     subtype:  manila_paper__manila__manilla__manilla_paper__manillapaper  a strong paper or thin cardboard with a smooth light brown finish made from e.g. Manila hemp
     subtype:  music_paper__musicpaper__score_paper  paper with lines appropriate for writing music
     subtype:  newsprint__newspaper  cheap paper made from wood pulp and used for printing newspapers; "they used bales of newspaper every day"
     subtype:  oilpaper  paper that has been made translucent and waterproof by soaking in oil
     subtype:  india_paper__indiapaper  a thin tough opaque paper used in fine books
     subtype:  pad_of_paper__pad  a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge
        subtype:  message_pad__messagepad__writing_pad__writingpad  a pad of paper on which messages can be written
        subtype:  notepad  a pad of paper for keeping notes
           subtype:  scratch_pad__scratchpad__scratch_paper__scratchpaper__scribbling_block  pad for preliminary or hasty writing or notes or sketches etc: "scribbling block" is a British term
     subtype:  paper_toweling__papertoweling  absorbent paper used as toweling
     subtype:  papier-mache  a substance made from paper pulp that can be molded when went and painted when dry
     subtype:  papyrus.paper  paper made from the papyrus plant by cutting it in strips and pressing it flat; used by ancient Egyptians and Greeks and Romans
     subtype:  parchment  a superior paper resembling sheepskin
     subtype:  rice_paper  a thin delicate material resembling paper; made from the rice-paper tree
     subtype:  roofing_paper__roofingpaper__tar_paper__tarpaper  a heavy paper impregnated with tar and used as part of a roof for waterproofing
     subtype:  ticker_tape  a continuous thin ribbon of paper on which stock quotes are written
     subtype:  tissue_paper__tissue  a soft thin (usually translucent) paper
        subtype:  cigarette_paper__cigarettepaper__rolling_paper__rollingpaper  a strong tissue paper that burns evenly and is sufficiently porous to control the burning of the tobacco in a cigarette
        subtype:  facial_tissue  tissue paper suitable for use on the face
        subtype:  Kleenex  (trademark) a piece of soft absorbent paper (usually two or more thin layers) used as a disposable handkerchief
        subtype:  toilet_tissue__toilettissue__toilet_paper__bathroom_tissue__bathroomtissue  a soft thin absorbent paper for use in toilets
           subtype:  toilet_roll  a roll of toilet paper
     subtype:  tracing_paper__tracingpaper  a semitransparent paper that is used for tracing drawings
     subtype:  transfer_paper  a paper that is coated with a preparation for transferring a design to another surface
        subtype:  decalcomania__decal  a design fixed to some surface or a paper bearing the design to be transferred to the surface
     subtype:  wallpaper  a decorative paper for the walls of rooms
     subtype:  waste_paper__wastepaper  paper discarded after use
     subtype:  wax_paper__waxpaper  paper that has been waterproofed by treatment with wax of paraffin
     subtype:  wrapping_paper  a tough paper used for wrapping
        subtype:  kraft_paper__kraftpaper__kraft  strong wrapping paper made from pulp processed with a sulfur solution
        subtype:  butcher_paper__butcherpaper  a strong wrapping paper that resists penetration by blood or meat fluids
        subtype:  gift_wrap  attractive wrapping paper suitable for wrapping gifts
     subtype:  writing_paper__writingpaper  paper material made into thin sheets that are sized to take ink; used for writing correspondence and manuscripts
        subtype:  stationery__letter_paper__notepaper  paper cut to an appropriate size for writing letters; usually with matching envelopes
           subtype:  letterhead  a sheet of stationery with name and address of the organization printed at the top
        subtype:  rag_paper__ragpaper  paper made partly or wholly from rags
        subtype:  bond_paper__bond  a superior quality of strong durable white writing paper; originally made for printing documents
        subtype:  ledger_paper  a durable writing paper used in record books and business ledgers
        subtype:  laid_paper  writing paper having a watermark of fine lines running across the grain
        subtype:  wove_paper  writing paper having a very faint mesh pattern
        subtype:  letter_paper  writing paper for use in writing correspondence
        subtype:  ola__olla  leaf or strip from a leaf of the talipot palm used in India for writing paper
        subtype:  typewriter_paper__typing_paper  writing paper suitable for use in a typewriter
           subtype:  onionskin  a thin strong light-weight translucent paper used especially for making carbon copies
        subtype:  vellum  a heavy creamy-colored paper resembling parchment
  subtype:  packing_material__packingmaterial__wadding  any material used especially to protect something
     subtype:  cardboard__compositionboard  a stiff moderately thick paper
     subtype:  blister_pack__blisterpack__bubble_pack__bubble_wrap  a transparent plastic blister used to package items of merchandise
     subtype:  excelsior__wood_shavings  thin curly wood shavings used for packing or stuffing
  subtype:  coloring_material__colouring_material__colouringmaterial__color__colour  any material used for its color
     subtype:  paint  a substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating
        subtype:  acrylic_paint__acrylicpaint__acrylic  used especially by artists
        subtype:  coat_of_paint  a layer of paint covering something else
           subtype:  finishing_coat__finishingcoat__finish_coat  the final coat of paint
           subtype:  flat_coat__ground__primer__priming__primer_coat__priming_coat__primingcoat__undercoat  the first or preliminary coat of paint or size applied to a surface
              subtype:  couch.flat_coat  a flat coat of paint or varnish used by artists as a primer
        subtype:  enamel.paint  a paint that dries to a hard glossy finish
        subtype:  encaustic  a paint consisting of pigment mixed with melted beeswax; it is fixed with heat after application
        subtype:  house_paint__housepaint  paint used to cover the exterior woodwork of a house
        subtype:  oil_paint__oilpaint  paint in which a drying oil is the vehicle
           subtype:  oil_color__oilcolor__oil  oil paint used by an artist
        subtype:  semigloss__semiglos  a paint that dries with a finish between glossy and flat
        subtype:  spray_paint__spraypaint  paint applied with a spray gun
        subtype:  varnish  paint that provides a hard glossy transparent coating
           subtype:  fixative  a varnish dissolved in alcohol and sprayed over pictures to prevent smudging
           subtype:  shellac_varnish__shellacvarnish__shellac  a thin varnish made by dissolving lac in ethanol; used to finish wood
        subtype:  water-base_paint  paint in which water is used as the vehicle
           subtype:  calcimine  a water-base paint containing zinc oxide and glue and coloring; used as a wash for walls and ceilings
           subtype:  casein_paint__casein  a water-base paint made with casein (which is a protein precipitated from milk)
           subtype:  latex_paint__latex__rubberbasepaint  a water-base paint having a latex binder
           subtype:  tempera__poster_paint__poster_color__poster_colour  pigment mixed with water-soluble glutinous materials such as size and egg yolk
           subtype:  wash.water-base_paint  a thin coat of water-base paint
              subtype:  calcimine  a water-base paint containing zinc oxide and glue and coloring; used as a wash for walls and ceilings
              subtype:  color_wash__colorwash__colour_wash  a wash of whitewash or other water-base paint tinted with a colored pigment
              subtype:  whitewash  wash consisting of lime and size in water; used for whitening walls and other surfaces
           subtype:  watercolor.water-base_paint  a water-base paint (with water-soluble pigments); used by artists
              subtype:  gouache.watercolor  an opaque watercolor prepared with gum
     subtype:  indicator.coloring_material  (chemistry) a substance that changes color to indicate the presence of some ion or substance; can be used to indicate the completion of a chemical reaction or (in medicine) to test for a particular reaction
        subtype:  absorption_indicator  an indicator used in reactions that involve precipitation
           subtype:  fluorescein__fluoresceine__fluorescent_dye__resorcinolphthalein  a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
              subtype:  eosin__bromeosin  a red fluorescent dye resulting from the action of bromine on fluorescein; used in cosmetics and as a biological stain for studying cell structures
        subtype:  acid-base_indicator__acidbaseindicator  an indicator that changes color on going from acidic to basic solutions
           subtype:  phenolphthalein  a laxative used in many preparations under various trade names; also used as an acid-base indicator in titrations involving weak acids and strong bases because it is brilliant red at high alkalinity and colorless below pH 8
           subtype:  congo_red  a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)
           subtype:  methyl_orange  an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases
           subtype:  litmus__litmus_test  a coloring material (obtained from lichens) that turns red in acid solutions and blue in alkaline solutions; used as a very rough acid-base indicator
           subtype:  bromophenol_blue__bromophenolblue__bromphenol_blue__tetrabromo-phenolsulfonephthalein  a dye used as an acid-base indicator
           subtype:  bromothymol_blue__bromothymolblue__bromthymolblue  a dye used as an acid-base indicator
        subtype:  alpha-naphthol_test__Molisch's_test__Molisch_test__Molisch_reaction  biochemical indicator of the presence of carbohydrates in a solution; if carbohydrates are present a violet ring is formed by reaction with alpha-naphthol in the presence of sulfuric acid
        subtype:  oxidation-reduction_indicator__oxidationreductionindicator  an indicator that shows a reversible color change between oxidized and reduced forms
     subtype:  mordant  a substance used to treat leather or other materials before dyeing; aids in dyeing process
        subtype:  chrome_alum  a violet-colored salt used in hide tanning and as a mordant in dyeing
        subtype:  tartar_emetic__tartaremetic__antimony_potassium_tartrate  a poisonous colorless salt used as a mordant and in medicine
        subtype:  sodium_dichromate__sodium_bichromate  a red-orange salt used as a mordant
     subtype:  dye__dyestuff  a usually soluble substance for staining or coloring e.g. fabrics or hair
        subtype:  acid_dye  dye in which the chromophore is part of a negative ion
           subtype:  metallized_dye  acid dye in which the negative ion contains a chelated metal atom
        subtype:  alizarin_yellow  any of various yellow dyes; not related chemically to alizarin but applied in the same manner
        subtype:  anil__indigo__indigotin  a blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically
        subtype:  aniline_dye__anilinedye  any of many dyes made from aniline
        subtype:  azo_dye  any dye containing one or more azo groups
           subtype:  congo_red  a red-brown azo dye especially as a chemical pH indicator (congo red is red in basic and blue in acidic solutions)
           subtype:  methyl_orange  an azo dye used as an acid-base indicator; used for titrations involving weak bases
        subtype:  basic_dye__basicdye  dye in which the chromophore are part of a positive ion
        subtype:  blueing__blue  used to whiten laundry or hair or give it a bluish tinge
        subtype:  bromophenol_blue__bromophenolblue__bromphenol_blue__tetrabromo-phenolsulfonephthalein  a dye used as an acid-base indicator
        subtype:  bromothymol_blue__bromothymolblue__bromthymolblue  a dye used as an acid-base indicator
        subtype:  cochineal  a red dyestuff consisting of dried bodies of female cochineal insects
        subtype:  cyanine_dye__cyaninedye  any of a class of dyes containing a -CH= group linking two nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings; used as sensitizers in photography
        subtype:  direct_dye__substantive_dye  dye with a high affinity for cellulose fibers (cotton or rayon etc.)
        subtype:  fluorescein__fluoresceine__fluorescent_dye__resorcinolphthalein  a yellow dye that is visible even when highly diluted; used as an absorption indicator when silver nitrate solution is added to sodium chloride in order to precipitate silver chloride (turns pink when no chloride ions are left in solution and negative fluorescein ions are then absorbed)
        subtype:  fluorochrome  any of various fluorescent substances used in fluorescence microscopy to stain specimens
           subtype:  fluorescein_isothiocyanate__fluoresceinisothiocyanate__fluorescein_isocyanate__fluoresceinisocyanate  a fluorochrome commonly conjugated with antibodies for use in indirect immunofluorescence
        subtype:  hair_dye__hair_coloring  a dye or tint for the hair
           subtype:  henna  a reddish brown dye used especially on hair
           subtype:  rinse.hair_dye  a liquid preparation used on wet hair to it a tint
        subtype:  Kendal_green__Kendal  a green dye, often used to color cloth, which is obtained from the woad plant
        subtype:  lac_dye__lacdye  scarlet dye like cochineal; extracted with alkali from stick lac
        subtype:  lead_acetate__sugar_of_lead  a poisonous white solid (Pb[CH3CO]2) used in dyeing cotton and in making enamels and varnishes
        subtype:  cudbear__archil  a purplish dye obtained from orchil lichens
        subtype:  quercitron  a yellow dye made from the bark of the quercitron oak tree
        subtype:  radiopaque_dye  dye that does not allow the passage of X rays or other radiation; used to outline certain organs during X-ray examination
        subtype:  Tyrian_purple.dye__tyrianpurple  a red-purple to deep purple dye obtained from snails or made synthetically
        subtype:  vat_dye__vat_color__vatcolor  a dye that is applied by reducing the dye to a base-soluble form, applying the dye, then regenerating the insoluble dye by oxidation in the material; used for dyeing cotton
        subtype:  woad.dye  a blue dyestuff obtained from the woad plant
     subtype:  tincture.coloring_material  a substances that colors metals
        subtype:  argent  a metal tincture used in heraldry to give a silvery appearance
     subtype:  hematochrome  a reddish coloring material found in some algae
     subtype:  pigment  dry coloring matter (especially an insoluble powder to be mixed with a liquid to produce paint etc)
        subtype:  chlorophyll  any of a group of green pigments found in photosynthetic organisms
           subtype:  chlorophyll_a__chlorophylla  a blue-black plant pigment having a blue-green alcohol solution
           subtype:  chlorophyll_b__chlorophyllb  a dark-green plant pigment having a brilliant green alcohol solution
        subtype:  bacteriochlorophyll  a substance in photosensitive bacteria that is related to but different from chlorophyll of higher plants
        subtype:  phycobilin  water-soluble proteinaceous pigments found in red algae and cyanobacteria
        subtype:  phycoerythrin  red pigment in red algae
        subtype:  phycocyanin  blue pigment in algae
        subtype:  titanium_dioxide__titanium_oxide__titanic_oxide__titanicoxide__titania  a white powder used as a pigment for its high covering power and durability
        subtype:  cobalt_blue__cobalt_ultramarine  greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of cobalt oxide and alumina
        subtype:  earth_color  a colored mineral used as a pigment
        subtype:  mosaic_gold__stannic_sulfide  a yellow pigment sometimes suspended in lacquer
        subtype:  carotenoid  any of a class of highly unsaturated yellow to red pigments occurring in plants and animals
           subtype:  carotene  yellow or orange-red fat-soluble pigments in plants
           subtype:  lycopene  carotenoid that makes tomatoes red; may lower the risk of prostate cancer
           subtype:  beta-carotene  an isomer of carotene that is found in dark green and dark yellow fruits and vegetables
           subtype:  xanthophyll__xanthophyl__lutein  yellow carotenoid pigments in plants and animal fats and egg yolks
           subtype:  zeaxanthin  yellow carotenoid (isomeric with lutein and occurs widely with it) that is the main pigment in yellow indian corn
        subtype:  animal_pigment  pigment occurring in animals
           subtype:  bilirubin__hematoidin__haematoidin  an orange-yellow pigment in the bile that forms as a product of hemoglobin; excess amounts in the blood produce the yellow appearance observed in jaundice
           subtype:  urobilin  brown bile pigment formed from urobilinogens and found in feces and in small amounts in urine
           subtype:  luciferin  pigment occurring in luminescent organisms (as fireflies); emits heatless light when undergoing oxidation
           subtype:  melanin  insoluble pigments that account for the color of e.g. skin and scales and feathers
        subtype:  cerulean_blue  light greenish-blue pigment consisting essentially of oxides of cobalt and tin
        subtype:  chrome_green.pigment__chromegreen  any of a class of green pigments consisting of chrome yellow and iron blue
           subtype:  Windsor_green  a light chrome green pigment
        subtype:  Hooker's_green  green pigment consisting of Prussian blue mixed with gamboge
        subtype:  chrome_yellow.pigment__chromeyellow  any of several yellow pigments consisting of normal lead chromate and other lead compounds
        subtype:  bister__bistre  a water-soluble brownish-yellow pigment made by boiling wood soot
        subtype:  Indian_red.pigment__indianred  a red pigment composed in part from ferric oxide which is often used in paints and cosmetics
        subtype:  ivory_black__ivoryblack  a black pigment made from grinding burnt ivory in oil
        subtype:  iron_blue_pigment__Prussian_blue_pigment  any of various blue pigments
        subtype:  Payne's_gray  any pigment that produces a grayish to dark grayish blue
        subtype:  alizarin__alizarine  an orange-red crystalline compound used in making red pigments and in dyeing
           subtype:  alizarin_carmine__alizarin_crimson__alizarin_red  any of various acid dyes; used for dying wool scarlet red
        subtype:  bole  a soft oily clay used as a pigment (especially a reddish brown pigment)
        subtype:  lake.pigment  any of numerous bright translucent organic pigments
        subtype:  red_pigment_from_lac_or_cochineal__lake  a purplish red pigment prepared from lac or cochineal
        subtype:  orange_pigment__orange  any pigment producing the orange color
        subtype:  watercolour  water-soluble pigment
        subtype:  retinene__retinal  either of two yellow to red retinal pigments formed from Rhodopsin by the action of light
        subtype:  Paris_green  a toxic double salt of copper arsenate and copper acetate
        subtype:  sepia  rich brown pigment prepared from the ink of cuttlefishes
        subtype:  porphyrin  any of various pigments distributed widely in living tissues
        subtype:  heme__haem__hematin__protoheme  a complex red organic pigment containing iron and other atoms to which oxygen binds
        subtype:  hemosiderin  a granular brown substance composed of ferric oxide; left from the breakdown of hemoglobin; can be a sign of disturbed iron metabolism
        subtype:  ultramarine_blue__ultramarineblue  blue pigment made of powdered lapis lazuli
           subtype:  French_blue__French_ultramarine__French_ultramarine_blue  ultramarine pigment prepared artificially
        subtype:  photopigment  a special pigment found in the rods and cones of the retina
           subtype:  iodopsin  a violet photopigment in the retinal cones of the eyes of most vertebrates; plays a role in daylight vision
           subtype:  visual_purple__rhodopsin__retinal_purple__retinalpurple  a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light
        subtype:  cadmium_yellow__cadmiumyellow  pigment of cadmium sulfide and barium sulfate varying in hue from lemon yellow to orange
           subtype:  cadmium_yellow_pale  pale-hued cadmium yellow pigment
           subtype:  cadmium_orange__cadmiumorange  orange-hued cadmium yellow pigment
        subtype:  cupric_acetate__verdigris  a blue or green powder used as a paint pigment
        subtype:  white_lead__whitelead__lead_carbonate  a poisonous lead-containing white pigment
        subtype:  zinc_white  a white pigment used in hose paints; consists of zinc oxide
     subtype:  stain  a dye or other coloring material that is used in microscopy to make structures visible
        subtype:  gentian_violet__gentianviolet__crystal_violet__crystalviolet  a green crystal (violet in water) used as a dye or stain or bactericide or fungicide or anthelmintic or burn treatment
        subtype:  methylene_blue__methyleneblue__methylthioninechloride  a dark green dye used as a stain, an antiseptic, a chemical indicator, and an antidote in cyanide poisoning
  subtype:  plant_material__plantmaterial  material derived from plants
     subtype:  shuck__chaff__husk__stalk__straw__stubble  material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
        subtype:  bran.shuck  broken husks of the seeds of cereal grains that are separated from the flour by sifting
     subtype:  cork  outer bark of the cork oak; used for stoppers for bottles etc.
     subtype:  plant_product__plantproduct  a product made from plant material
        subtype:  coca  dried leaves of the coca plant (and related plants that also contain cocaine); chewed by Andean people for their simulating effect
        subtype:  baccy__tobacco  leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion
           subtype:  filler.baccy  the tobacco used to form the core of a cigar
           subtype:  roll_of_tobacco__smoke  tobacco leaves that have been made into a cylinder
              subtype:  cigar  a roll of tobacco for smoking
                 subtype:  cheroot  a cigar with both ends cut flat
                 subtype:  cigarillo  small cigar or cigarette wrapped in tobacco instead of paper
                 subtype:  claro  a cigar made with light-colored tobacco
                 subtype:  corona  a long cigar with blunt ends
                 subtype:  panatela__panetela__panetella  a long slender cigar
              subtype:  cigarette__cigaret__coffin_nail__butt__fag  finely ground tobacco wrapped in paper; for smoking
                 subtype:  cubeb_cigarette__cubeb  a cigarette containing cubeb
                 subtype:  filter-tipped_cigarette  a cigarette with a filter tip
                 subtype:  marijuana_cigarette__marijuanacigarette__joint__reefer__stick  marijuana leaves rolled into a cigarette for smoking
           subtype:  smoking_mixture__smokingmixture  a blend of tobaccos to be smoked in a pipe
           subtype:  snuff.baccy  finely powdered tobacco for sniffing up the nose
              subtype:  rappee  strong snuff made from dark coarse tobacco
           subtype:  shag.baccy  a strong coarse tobacco that has been shredded
           subtype:  Turkish_tobacco  a dark, aromatic, small-leaved tobacco of eastern Europe and used in cigarettes
        subtype:  ethyl_alcohol__ethylalcohol__ethanol__fermentationalcohol__grainalcohol  the intoxicating agent in fermented and distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a solvent or in medicines and colognes and cleaning solutions and rocket fuel
           subtype:  spirits_of_wine  rectified ethyl alcohol
           subtype:  absolute_alcohol  pure ethyl alcohol (containing no more than 1% water)
           subtype:  denatured_alcohol__denaturedalcohol  ethyl alcohol that is unfit for drinking but is still useful for other purposes
              subtype:  methylated_spirits  ethyl alcohol denatured with methyl alcohol to prevent its use as an alcoholic beverage
        subtype:  phytohormone__plant_hormone__planthormone__growth_regulator  a hormone-like plant product
           subtype:  auxin  a plant hormone that promotes root formation and bud growth
              subtype:  indoleacetic_acid__IAA  a plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots
              subtype:  indolebutyric_acid__indolebutyricacid  a synthetic plant hormone promoting elongation of stems and roots
           subtype:  gibberellin  a plant hormone isolated from a fungus; used in promoting plant growth
              subtype:  gibberellic_acid__gibberellicacid  a crystalline acid associated with gibberellin
        subtype:  furfural__furfuraldehyde  a liquid aldehyde with a penetrating odor; made from plant hulls and corn cobs; used in making furan and as a solvent
        subtype:  natural_resin__naturalresin  a plant exudate
           subtype:  sandarach__sandarac  a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes
           subtype:  guaiacum  medicinal resin from the lignum vitae tree
           subtype:  storax  a vanilla-scented resin from various trees of the genus Styrax
           subtype:  scammony  resin from the root of Convolvulus scammonia
           subtype:  acaroid_resin__acaroidresin__accaroid_resin__accroides__accroide__accroides_resin__accroidesresin__accroides_gum__accroidesgum__gum_accroides__gumaccroide  an alcohol-soluble resin from Australian trees; used in varnishes and in manufacturing paper
           subtype:  gum_anime__gumanime__anime  any of various resins or oleoresins
           subtype:  asafetida  the gum resin of various plants; has strong taste and odor; formerly used as an antispasmodic
           subtype:  camphor  a resin obtained from the camphor tree; used in making celluloid and liniment
           subtype:  cannabin__cannabis_resin  a poisonous resin obtained from the hemp plant; thought to be the active narcotic agent
           subtype:  amber  a hard yellowish to brownish translucent fossil resin; used for jewelry
           subtype:  copal  a brittle aromatic resin used in varnishes
              subtype:  courbaril_copal  resin from the courbaril tree
              subtype:  copalite__copaline__fossil_copal  partly mineralized copal dug from the ground
              subtype:  congo_copal__congocopal__congo_gum__congogum  copal found usually as a fossil
              subtype:  kauri_copal__kauricopal__kauri__kauri_resin__kauriresin__kauri_gum  resin of the kauri trees of N Zealand; found usually as a fossil; also collected for making varnishes and linoleum
              subtype:  Zanzibar_copal__anime  a hard copal derived from an African tree
           subtype:  dammar_resin__dammar__gum_dammar__gumdammar  any of various hard resins from trees of the family Dipterocarpaceae and of the genus Agathis; especially the amboyna pine
           subtype:  colophony  translucent brittle substance produced from pine oleoresin; used especially in varnishes and inks and on the bows of stringed instruments
           subtype:  mastic.natural_resin  an aromatic exudate from the mastic tree; used chiefly in varnishes
           subtype:  oleoresin  a naturally occurring mixture of a resin and an essential oil; obtained from certain plants
              subtype:  labdanum__ladanum  a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative
              subtype:  balsam.oleoresin  any of various fragrant oleoresins used in medicines and perfumes
                 subtype:  balsam_of_tolu__tolu__tolu_balsam  aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups
                    subtype:  balsam_of_Peru  dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases
                 subtype:  balm  any of various aromatic resinous substances used for healing and soothing
                    subtype:  balm_of_Gilead  a fragrant oleoresin
                 subtype:  tolu  an aromatic balsam
              subtype:  Canada_balsam  yellow transparent exudate of the balsam fir; used as a transparent cement in optical devices (especially in microscopy) and as a mounting medium
              subtype:  turpentine__gum_terpentine__gumterpentine  obtained from conifers (especially pines)
                 subtype:  Chian_turpentine  a turpentine exuded by the terebinth
              subtype:  copaiba_balsam__copaibabalsam__copaiba__balsam_capivi  an oleoresin used in varnishes and ointments
              subtype:  gum_labdanum__gumlabdanum  a dark brown to greenish oleoresin that has a fragrant odor and is used as a fixative in perfumes; obtained as a juice from certain rockroses
           subtype:  gum_resin__gumresin  a mixture of resin and gum
              subtype:  gum_elemi__gumelemi__elemi  fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense
              subtype:  gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__myrrh  aromatic resin burned as incense and used in perfume
              subtype:  Sonora_gum  acidulous gum resin of the creosote bush
              subtype:  gum_benzoin__gumbenzoin__benzoin__benjamin__gum_benjamin__gumbenjamin__asadulci  gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation
              subtype:  bdellium  aromatic gum resin; similar to myrrh
              subtype:  gamboge  a gum resin used as a yellow pigment and a purgative
              subtype:  myrrh__gum_myrrh__gummyrrh__sweet_cicely__sweetcicely  aromatic resin used in perfume and incense
           subtype:  wood_tar  any tar obtained by the destructive distillation of wood
              subtype:  pine_tar  a dark viscous substance obtained from the destructive distillation of pine wood
        subtype:  plant_fiber__plantfiber__plant_fibre__plantfibre  fiber derived from plants
        subtype:  sucrose  a complex carbohydrate found in many plants and used as a sweetening agent
           subtype:  galactose__brain_sugar__brainsugar  a simple sugar found in lactose
     subtype:  wood  the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
        subtype:  pine  straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus
           subtype:  knotty_pine  pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture
           subtype:  white_pine.pine__whitepine  soft white wood of white pine trees
           subtype:  yellow_pine.pine__yellowpine  hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine
        subtype:  larch  wood of a larch tree
        subtype:  fir  nonresinous wood of a fir tree
           subtype:  douglas_fir.fir  strong durable timber of a douglas fir
        subtype:  cedar__cedarwood  durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests
           subtype:  red_cedar  fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees
              subtype:  pencil_cedar  wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils
           subtype:  Port_Orford_cedar  the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree
        subtype:  spruce.wood  light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork
        subtype:  hemlock  soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock
        subtype:  cypress__cypres  wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus
           subtype:  cypress_pine__cypresspine  any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia
              subtype:  Port_Jackson_pine__Callitris_cupressiformis  Australian cypress pine having globular cones
              subtype:  black_cypress_pine__blackcypresspine__red_cypress_pine__redcypresspine__Callitris_endlicheri__Callitris_calcarata  Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin
              subtype:  white_cypress_pine__whitecypresspine__Callitris_glaucophylla__Callitris_glauca  small tree or shrub of southern Australia
              subtype:  stringybark_pine__stringybarkpine__Callitris_parlatorei  Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark
           subtype:  juniper  coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones
              subtype:  pencil_cedar_tree__pencil_cedar  any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils
                 subtype:  eastern_red_cedar__easternredcedar__red_cedar__red_juniper__redjuniper__Juniperus_virginiana  small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles
                 subtype:  Bermuda_cedar__Juniperus_bermudiana  ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper
                 subtype:  east_African_cedar__Juniperus_procera  tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood
              subtype:  southern_red_cedar__Juniperus_silicicola  juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar
              subtype:  savin__dwarf_juniper__dwarfjuniper__Juniperus_sabina  procumbent or spreading juniper
              subtype:  common_juniper__Juniperus_communis  densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland
              subtype:  dwarf_juniper__dwarfjuniper__ground_cedar__Juniperus_communis_depressa  a procumbent variety of the common juniper
              subtype:  creeping_juniper__Juniperus_horizontalis  low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter
              subtype:  Mexican_juniper__drooping_juniper__Juniperus_flaccida  small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets
           subtype:  sequoia__redwood  either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae
              subtype:  California_redwood__coast_redwood__coastredwood__Sequoia_sempervirens  lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur
              subtype:  giant_sequoia__giantsequoia__big_tree__bigtree__sierraredwood__Sequoiadendron_giganteum__Sequoia_gigantea__Sequoia_Wellingtonia  extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism
           subtype:  pond_bald_cypress__bald_cypress__swamp_cypress__southern_cypress__Taxodium_distichum  common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms
           subtype:  pond_cypress__bald_cypress__Taxodium_ascendens  smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum
           subtype:  Montezuma_cypress__Mexican_swamp_cypress__Taxodium_mucronatum  cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands
              subtype:  ahuehuete  literally "old man of the water": a giant specimen of great age and girth at Santa Maria del Tule
           subtype:  sandarac_tree__sandarac__Tetraclinis_articulata__Callitris_quadrivalvis  large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes
        subtype:  redwood  the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees
        subtype:  sandarac__citronwood  durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of Cordova Cathedral)
        subtype:  kauri  white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis
        subtype:  yellowwood  yellow-colored wood of any of various yellowwood trees
        subtype:  yew.wood  wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows
        subtype:  lancewood  durable straight-grained wood of the lacewood tree; used for building and cabinetwork and tools
        subtype:  true_tulipwood__tulipwood__whitewood__white_poplar__whitepoplar__yellowpoplar  light easily worked wood of a tulip tree; used for furniture and veneer
        subtype:  zebrawood  handsomely striped or mottled wood of the zebrawood tree; used especially for cabinetwork
        subtype:  cocuswood__cocoswood__granadilla_wood  wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets
        subtype:  shittimwood  wood of the shittah tree used to make the ark of the Hebrew tabernacle
        subtype:  sabicu_wood__sabicu  the wood of the sabicu which resembles mahogany
        subtype:  bamboo.wood  the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles
        subtype:  tulipwood  the variegated or showily striped ornamental wood of various tulipwood trees
        subtype:  balsa_wood__balsawood__balsa  strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats
        subtype:  silver_quandong  pale easily worked timber from the quandong tree
        subtype:  obeche  the wood of an African obeche tree; used especially for veneering
        subtype:  basswood__linden  soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork
        subtype:  beefwood.wood  any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork
        subtype:  briarwood__brierwood  wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to make tobacco pipes
        subtype:  beech__beechwood  wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles
        subtype:  chestnut.wood  wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
        subtype:  oak  the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring
           subtype:  fumed_oak__fumedoak  oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork
           subtype:  holm_oak  hard wood of the holm oak tree
        subtype:  birch  hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood
        subtype:  alder  wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc
        subtype:  hazel  the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris)
        subtype:  olive.wood  hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork
        subtype:  ash.wood  strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats
        subtype:  ironwood  exceptionally tough or hard wood of any of a number of ironwood trees
        subtype:  walnut.wood  hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling
        subtype:  hickory.wood  valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees
        subtype:  pecan.wood  wood of a pecan tree
        subtype:  pyinma  relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous
        subtype:  gumwood__gum  wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum
           subtype:  satin_walnut__satinwalnut__sweetgum__hazelwood__red_gum__redgum  reddish-brown wood and lumber from heartwood of the sweet gum tree used to make furniture
        subtype:  eucalyptus  wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber
        subtype:  tupelo  pale soft wood of a tupelo tree especially the water gum
        subtype:  poon.wood  wood of any poon tree; used for masts and spars
        subtype:  red_lauan__redlauan  hard heavy red wood of the red lauan tree; often sold as Philippine mahogany
        subtype:  elm__elmwood  hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture
        subtype:  brazilwood  heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods
        subtype:  locust.wood  hardwood from any of various locust trees
        subtype:  logwood  very hard brown to brownish-red heartwood of a logwood tree; used in preparing a purplish red dye
        subtype:  rosewood  hard dark reddish wood of a rosewood tree having a strongly marked grain; used in cabinetwork
           subtype:  amboyna__Andaman_redwood  mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus
        subtype:  kingwood  handsome violet-streaked wood of the kingwood tree; used especially in cabinetwork
        subtype:  granadilla_wood  dark red hardwood derived from the cocobolo and used in making musical instruments e.g. clarinets
        subtype:  blackwood  very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees
        subtype:  Panama_redwood__quira  hard heavy red wood of a quira tree
        subtype:  ruby_wood__red_sandalwood__redsandalwood  hard durable wood of red sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus); prized for cabinetwork
        subtype:  black_locust__blacklocust  strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay
        subtype:  cherry.wood  wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry
        subtype:  fruitwood  wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork
           subtype:  applewood  wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus
        subtype:  lemonwood  hard tough elastic wood of the lemonwood tree; used for making bows and fishing rods
        subtype:  incense_wood__incensewood  fragrant wood of two incense trees of the genus Protium
        subtype:  mahogany  wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture
           subtype:  Philippine_mahogany  red or pale-red hardwood of the Philippine mahogany tree used for cigar boxes and interior finish
           subtype:  cigar-box_cedar__cigarboxcedar  fragrant wood much used for cigar boxes
        subtype:  satinwood  hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools
        subtype:  orangewood  fine-grained wood of an orange tree; used in fine woodwork
        subtype:  citronwood  wood of a citron tree
        subtype:  guaiac_wood__guaiacum_wood  heartwood of a palo santo; yields an aromatic oil used in perfumes
        subtype:  lignum_vitae__guaiac__guaiacum  hard greenish-brown wood of the lignum vitae tree and other trees of the genus Guaiacum
        subtype:  poplar  soft light-colored nondurable wood of the poplar
        subtype:  sandalwood  close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect-repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork
        subtype:  Turkish_boxwood__boxwood  very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box especially the common box; used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks
        subtype:  maple.wood  wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used esp for furniture and flooring
           subtype:  bird's-eye_maple  maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings
        subtype:  sumac  wood of a sumac
        subtype:  ebony  hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys
        subtype:  sycamore__lacewood  variably colored and sometimes variegated hard tough elastic wood of a sycamore tree
        subtype:  teak__teakwood  hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding
        subtype:  dogwood  hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resemble boxwood
        subtype:  sapwood  newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction
        subtype:  heartwood__duramen  the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood
        subtype:  burl.wood  the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer
        subtype:  brushwood  the wood from bushes or small branches; "they built a fire of brushwood"
        subtype:  cabinet_wood__cabinetwood  moderately dense wood used for cabinetwork; "teak and other heavy cabinet wood"
        subtype:  driftwood  wood that is floating or that has been washed ashore
        subtype:  log  a segment of the trunk of a tree when stripped of branches
           subtype:  saw_log  log large enough to be sawed into boards
        subtype:  matchwood.wood  wood suitable for making matchsticks
        subtype:  splinters__matchwood  wood in small pieces or splinters: "the vessel was beaten to matchwood on the rocks"
        subtype:  sawdust  fine particles of wood made by sawing wood
        subtype:  wicker  slender flexible branches or twigs (especially of willow or some canes); used for wickerwork
        subtype:  dyewood  any wood from which dye is obtained
        subtype:  hardwood  the wood of broad-leaved dicotyledonous trees (as distinguished from the wood of conifers)
        subtype:  softwood__deal  wood that is easy to saw (from conifers such as pine or fir)
           subtype:  pulpwood  softwood used to make paper
        subtype:  raw_wood__rawwood  wood that is not finished or painted
        subtype:  knot.wood  a hard cross-grained round piece of wood in a board where a branch emerged; "the saw buckled when it hit a knot"
  subtype:  radioactive_material__radioactivematerial  material that is radioactive
     subtype:  radioactive_waste__radioactivewaste  useless radioactive materials that are left after some laboratory or commercial process is completed
        subtype:  high-level_radioactive_waste  radioactive waste that left in a nuclear reactor after the nuclear fuel has been consumed
        subtype:  low-level_radioactive_waste__lowlevelradioactivewaste  radioactive waste consisting of objects that have been briefly exposed to radioactivity (as in certain medical tests)
  subtype:  thickener__thickening  any material used to thicken; "starch is used in cooking as a thickening"
  subtype:  toner.material  a substance used in a printer to develop a xerographic image
  subtype:  transparent_substance__transparentsubstance__translucent_substance__translucentsubstance  a material having the property of admitting light diffusely; a partly transparent material
     subtype:  mica__isinglass__isinglas  any of various minerals consisting of hydrous silicates of aluminum or potassium etc. that crystallize in forms that allow perfect cleavage into very thin leaves; used as dielectrics because of their resistance to electricity
     subtype:  hyaline__hyalin  a glassy translucent material that occurs in hyaline cartilage or in certain skin conditions
  subtype:  detergent_builder__detergentbuilder__builder  a substance added to soaps or detergents to increase their cleansing action
     subtype:  sodium_pyrophosphate__tetrasodium_pyrophosphate__tetrasodiumpyrophosphate  a sodium salt of pyrophosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
     subtype:  sodium_tripolyphosphate  a sodium salt of triphosphoric acid used as a builder in soaps and detergents
     subtype:  trisodium_phosphate__trisodiumphosphate__trisodium_orthophosphate__trisodiumorthophosphate__tribasic_sodium_phosphate  the tertiary phosphate of sodium used as a builder in soaps and detergents
  subtype:  vernix_caseosa__vernix  a white cheese-like protective material that covers the skin of a fetus

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