#language_unit__linguistic_unit one of the natural units into which linguistic messages can be analyzed
supertype: pm#description_medium (pm) #component_part
part of: #linguistic_string
subtype: #discourse extended verbal expression in speech or writing
subtype: #linguistic_context__context__context_of_use discourse that surrounds a language unit and helps to determine its interpretation
subtype: #word a unit of language that native speakers can identify; "words are the blocks from which sentences are made"; "he hardly said ten words all morning"
subtype: #anagram a word or phrase spelled by rearranging the letters of another word or phrase
subtype: #antigram an anagram that means the opposite of the original word or phrase; "`restful' is the antigram of `fluster'"
subtype: #anaphor a word (such as a pronoun) used to avoid repetition; the referent of an anaphor is determined by its antecedent
subtype: #antonym__opposite_word__opposite two words that express opposing concepts; "to him the opposite of gay was depressed"
subtype: #direct_antonym antonyms that are commonly associated (e.g., `wet' and `dry')
subtype: #indirect_antonym antonyms whose opposition is mediated (e.g., the antonymy of `wet' and `parched' is mediated by the similarity of `parched' to `dry')
subtype: #back-formation a word invented (usually unwittingly by subtracting an affix) on the assumption that a familiar word derives from it
subtype: #portmanteau_word__portmanteauword__blend__portmanteau a word formed by joining two others (e.g., `smog' is a blend of `smoke' and `fog')
subtype: #charade a word acted out in an episode of the game of charades
subtype: #cognate_word__cognateword__cognate a word is cognate with another if both derive from the same word in an ancestral language
subtype: #content_word__contentword__open-class_word a word to which an independent meaning can be assigned
subtype: #headword.content_word__head_word a word that is qualified by a modifier
subtype: #noun a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing
subtype: #mass_noun a noun that does not form plurals
subtype: #count_noun__countnoun a noun that forms plurals
subtype: #proper_noun__proper_name a noun that denotes a particular thing; usually capitalized
subtype: #common_noun a noun that denotes any or all members of a class
subtype: #verbal_noun__deverbal_noun a noun that is derived from a verb
subtype: #gerund a noun formed from a verb (such as the `-ing' form of an English verb when used as a noun)
subtype: #adnoun an adjective used as a noun; "`meek' in `blessed are the meek' is an adnoun"
subtype: #verb.content_word a content word that denotes an action or a state
subtype: #copula__copulative__linking_verb__linkingverb an equating verb (such as `be' or `become') that links the subject with the complement of a sentence
subtype: #modifier.content_word__qualifier a content word that qualifies the meaning of a noun or verb
subtype: #intensifier__intensive a modifier that has little meaning except to intensify the meaning it modifies; "`up' in `finished up' is an intensifier"; "`honestly' in `I honestly don't know' is an intensifier"
subtype: #adjective a word that expresses an attribute of something
subtype: #descriptive_adjective__descriptiveadjective__qualifying_adjective an adjective that ascribes to its noun the value of an attribute of that noun (e.g., `a nervous person' or `a musical speaking voice')
subtype: #relational_adjective__classifying_adjective__classifyingadjective an adjective that classifies its noun (e.g., `a nervous disease' or `a musical instrument')
subtype: #pertainym (informal) meaning relating to or pertaining to
subtype: #comparative the comparative form of an adjective; "`better' is the comparative of `good'"
subtype: #superlative.adjective the superlative form of an adjective; "`best' is the superlative form of `good'"
subtype: #adverb.modifier a word that modifies something other than a noun
subtype: #adverbial a word or group of words function as an adverb
subtype: #dangling_modifier__misplaced_modifier__misplacedmodifier a word or phrase apparently modifying an unintended word because of its placement in a sentence: e.g., `when young' in `when young, circuses appeal to all of us'
subtype: #dangling_participle a participle (usually at the beginning of a sentence) apparently modifying a word other than the word intended: e.g., `flying across the country' in `flying across the country the Rockies came into view'
subtype: #contraction a word formed from two or more words by omitting or combining some sounds: "won't" from "will not"; "o'clock" from "of the clock"
subtype: #deictic_word__deicticword__deictic a word specifying identity or spacial or temporal location from the perspective of a speaker or hearer in the context in which the communication occurs: "words that introduce particulars of the speaker's and hearer's shared cognitive field into the message"- R.Rommetveit
subtype: #derivative (linguistics) a word that is derived from another word; "`electricity' is a derivative of `electric'"
subtype: #diminutive a word that is formed with a suffix (such as -let or -kin) to indicate smallness
subtype: #disyllable__dissyllable a word having two syllables
subtype: #word_form__form__signifier the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word; "the inflected forms of a word can be represented by a stem and a list of inflections to be attached"
subtype: #plural_form__plural the form of a word that is used to denote more than one
subtype: #singular_form__singular the form of a word that is used to denote a singleton
subtype: #ghost_word__ghostword a word form that has entered the language through the perpetuation of an error
subtype: #root_word__root__base__stem__theme__radical (linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed; "thematic vowels are part of the stem"
subtype: #etymon__root a simple form inferred as the common basis from which related words in several languages can be derived by linguistic processes
subtype: #citation_form__main_entry_word__entry_word__entryword the form of a word that heads a lexical entry and is alphabetized in a dictionary
subtype: #abbreviation.word_form a shortened form of a word or phrase
subtype: #apocope abbreviation of a word by omitting the final sound or sounds; "the British get `pud' from `pudding' by apocope"
subtype: #acronym a word formed from the initial letters of a multi-word name
subtype: #four-letter_word__four-letter_Anglo-Saxon_word any of several short English words (often having 4 letters) generally regarded as obscene or offensive
subtype: #function_word__closed-class_word a word that serves a grammatical function but has no identifiable meaning
subtype: #determiner__determinative one of a limited class of noun modifiers that determine the referents of noun phrases
subtype: #article.determiner (Grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase
subtype: #definite_article a determiner (as `the' in English) that indicates specificity of reference
subtype: #indefinite_article a determiner (as `a' or `some' in English) that indicates non-specificity of reference
subtype: #preposition a function word that combines with a noun or pronoun or noun phrase to form a prepositional phrase that can have an adverbial or adjectival relation to some other word
subtype: #pronoun a function word that is used in place of a noun or noun phrase
subtype: #anaphoric_pronoun__anaphoricpronoun a pronoun that refers to an antecedent
subtype: #demonstrative_pronoun__demonstrative a pronoun that points out an intended referent
subtype: #personal_pronoun a pronoun expressing a distinction of person
subtype: #reflexive_pronoun__reflexivepronoun__reflexive a personal pronoun compounded with -self to show the agent's action affects itself
subtype: #relative_pronoun a pronoun (as `that' or `which' or `who') that introduces a relative clause referring to some antecedent
subtype: #conjunctive__conjunction__connective an uninflected function word that serves to conjoin words or phrases or clauses or sentences
subtype: #coordinating_conjunction a conjunction (like `and' or `or') that connects two identically constructed grammatical constituents
subtype: #subordinate_conjunction__subordinateconjunction__subordinating_conjunction__subordinatingconjunction a conjunction (like `since' or `that' or `who') that introduces a dependent clause
subtype: #particle.function_word a function word having different uses in different languages
subtype: #head_word__head (linguistics) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent
subtype: #headword a word placed at the beginning of a line or paragraph (as in a dictionary entry)
subtype: #heteronym two words are heteronyms if they are spelled the same way but differ in pronunciation (e.g. `bow')
subtype: #holonym__wholename a word that names the whole of which a given word is a part; "`hat' is a holonym for `brim' and `crown'"
subtype: #homonym two words are homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meanings
subtype: #homograph two words are homographs if they are spelled the same way but differ in meaning (e.g. fair)
subtype: #homophone two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or both (e.g. bare and bear)
subtype: #hypernym__superordinate__superordinate_word__superordinateword a word that is more generic than a given word
subtype: #hyponym__subordinate_word__subordinateword a word that is more specific than a given word
subtype: #key_word__keyword a significant word used in indexing or cataloging
subtype: #loanblend__hybrid a word that is composed of parts from different languages (e.g., `monolingual' has a Greek prefix and a Latin root)
subtype: #loanword__loan a word borrowed from another language; e.g. `blitz' is a German word borrowed into modern English
subtype: #Gallicism a word or phrase borrowed from French
subtype: #meronym__part_name a word that names a part of a larger whole; "`brim' and `crown' are meronyms of `hat'"
subtype: #metonym a word that is used metonymically; a word that denotes one thing but refers to a related thing
subtype: #monosyllable__monosyllabic_word a word or utterance of one syllable
subtype: #neology__neologism__coinage a newly invented word or phrase
subtype: #nonce_word__nonceword__hapax_legomenon__hapaxlegomenon a word with a special meaning used for a special occasion
subtype: #oxytone word having stress or an acute accent on the last syllable
subtype: #palindrome a word or phrase that reads the same backward as forward
subtype: #primitive a word serving as the basis for inflected or derived forms; "`pick' is the primitive from which `picket' is derived"
subtype: #paroxytone word having stress or acute accent on the next to last syllable
subtype: #partitive word (such a `some' or `less') that is used to indicate a part as distinct from a whole
subtype: #polysemant__polysemantic_word__polysemous_word a word having more than one meaning
subtype: #polysyllable__polysyllabic_word a word of more than three syllables
subtype: #jawbreaker a word that is hard to pronounce
subtype: #sesquipedalian__sesquipedalia a very long word (a foot and a half long)
subtype: #proparoxytone word having stress or acute accent on the antepenult
subtype: #quantifier (grammar) a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or `many')
subtype: #universal_quantifier__universalquantifier a logical quantifier of a proposition that asserts that the proposition is true for all members of a class of things
subtype: #logical_quantifier__logicalquantifier__quantifier (logic) a word (such as `some' or `all` or `no') that binds the variables in a logical proposition
subtype: #existential_quantifier__existentialquantifier__existential_operator__existentialoperator a logical quantifier of a proposition that asserts the existence of at least one thing for which the proposition is true
subtype: #substantive a noun or a pronoun that is used in place of a noun
subtype: #noun a word that can be used to refer to a person or place or thing
subtype: #syncategorem (logic) a term that cannot be used meaningfully in isolation
subtype: #synonym__equivalent_word two words that can be interchanged in a context are said to be synonymous relative to that context
subtype: #term a word or expression used for some particular thing; "he learned many medical terms"
subtype: #referent.term something that refers; a term that refers to another term
subtype: #terminology__nomenclature__language a system of words used in a particular discipline; "legal terminology"; "the language of sociology"
subtype: #markup_language a set of symbols and rules for their use when doing a markup of a document
subtype: #standard_generalized_markup_language__SGML (computer science) a standardized language for the descriptive markup of documents; a set of rules for using whatever markup vocabulary is adopted
subtype: #HTML__hypertext_markup_language a set of tags and rules (conforming to SGML) for using them in developing hypertext documents
subtype: pm#XML the language for describing XML-based languages; see http://www.w3.org/XML
subtype: pm#XML_based_language__XML_based_notation any notation following an XML schema; see http://www.w3.org/
subtype: pm#XHTML description in http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/
subtype: pm#SVG Scalable Vector Graphics; description in http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
subtype: pm#RDF/XML XML notation for the RDF model
instance: pm#RDF_syntax_of_22-02-1999
subtype: pnml#PNML the PNML language
subtype: pnml#EPNML
subtype: pnml#PNK
subtype: #trisyllable a word having three syllables
subtype: #troponym__manner_name a word that denotes a manner of doing something; "`march' is a troponym of `walk'"
subtype: #vocable__spokenword a word that is spoken aloud
subtype: #classifier.word a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs
subtype: #written_word__writtenword the written form of a word
subtype: #bigram a word that is written with two letters in an alphabetic writing system
subtype: #trigram a word that is written with three letters in an alphabetic writing system
subtype: #tetragram a word that is written with four letters in an alphabetic writing system
instance: #Tetragrammaton
subtype: #syllable a unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme; "the word `pocket' has two syllables"
subtype: #penult__penultima__penultimate the next to last syllable in a word
subtype: #antepenult__antepenultimate the 3rd syllable of a word counting back from the end
subtype: #solfa_syllable__solfasyllable one of the names for notes of a musical scale in solmization
subtype: #doh__ut the syllable naming the first (tonic) note of any major scale in solmization
subtype: #re__ray the syllable naming the second (supertonic) note of any major scale in solmization
subtype: #mi the syllable naming the third (mediant) note of any major scale in solmization
subtype: #fa the syllable naming the fourth (subdominant) note of the diatonic scale in solmization
subtype: #soh__so the syllable naming the fifth (dominant) note of any musical scale in solmization
subtype: #la__lah the syllable naming the sixth (submediant) note of a major or minor scale in solmization
subtype: #te__ti__si the syllable naming the the seventh (subtonic) note of any musical scale in solmization
subtype: #lexeme a minimal unit (as a word or stem) in the lexicon of a language; `go' and `went' and `gone' and `going' are all members of the English lexeme `go'
subtype: #morpheme minimal meaningful language unit; it cannot be divided into smaller meaningful units
subtype: #allomorph a variant phonological representation of a morpheme: "the final sounds of `bets' and `beds' and `horses' and `oxen' are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme"
subtype: #morphophoneme (linguistics) the phonemes (or strings of phonemes) that constitute the various allomorphs of a morpheme
subtype: #free_morpheme__free_form a morpheme that can occur alone
subtype: #bound_morpheme__boundmorpheme__bound_form__boundform a morpheme that occurs only as part of a larger construction; eg an -s at the end of plural nouns
subtype: #combining_form__combiningform a bound form used only in compounds; "`hemato-' is a combining form in words like `hematology'"
subtype: #affix a linguistic element added to a word to produce an inflected or derived form
subtype: #prefix an affix that added in front of the word
subtype: #alpha_privative__alphaprivative the negative prefix a- or un-
subtype: #suffix__ending an affix that is added at the end of the word
subtype: #inflectional_suffix an inflection that is added at the end of a root word
subtype: #infix an affix that is inserted inside the word
subtype: #classifier.word a word or morpheme used in some languages in certain contexts (such as counting) to indicate the semantic class in which an item belongs
subtype: #formative minimal language unit that has a syntactic (or morphological) function
subtype: #name a language unit by which a person or thing is known; "his name really is George Washington"; "those are two names for the same thing"
subtype: #eponym a name derived from the name of person (real or imaginary) as the name of Alexandria is derived from the name of its founder: Alexander the Great
subtype: #eponym.name the name of a person for whom something is supposedly named; "Constantine I is the eponym for Constantinople"
subtype: #patronymic a name derived with an affix (such as -son in English or O'- in Irish) from the name of your father or a paternal ancestor
subtype: #matronymic__metronymic a name derived from the name of your mother or a maternal ancestor
subtype: #surname__family_name__cognomen__last_name the name used to identify the members of a family (as distinguished from each member's given name)
subtype: #maiden_name a woman's surname before marriage
subtype: #middle_name a name between your first name and your surname
subtype: #first_name__firstname__given_name__givenname__forename the name that precedes the surname
subtype: #Christian_name__baptismal_name__baptismalname the first name given to Christians at birth or christening
subtype: #praenomen the first name of a citizen of ancient Rome
subtype: #alias__alia__assumed_name__assumedname__false_name__falsename a name that has been assumed temporarily
subtype: #pseudonym__anonym__nom_de_guerre a fictitious name used when the person performs a particular social role
subtype: #stage_name__stagename the pseudonym of an actor
subtype: #pen_name__penname__nom_de_plume an author's pseudonym
subtype: #misnomer an incorrect or unsuitable name
subtype: #writer's_name__author's_name the name that appears on the by-line to identify the author of a work
subtype: #appellation__denomination__designation__appellative identifying word or words by which someone or something is called and classified or distinguished from others
subtype: #nickname__moniker__cognomen__sobriquet__soubriquet a familiar name (often a shortened version of a person's given name); "Joe's mother would not use his nickname and always called him Joseph"
subtype: #title.appellation an identifying appellation signifying status or function: e.g. Mr. or General; "the professor didn't like his friends to use his formal title"
subtype: #Aga__Agha title for a civil or military leader (especially in Turkey)
subtype: #Reverend a title of respect for a clergyman
subtype: #Very_Reverend a title of respect for various ecclesiastical officials (as cathedral deans and canons and others)
subtype: #nobility_title__title an appellation signifying nobility; "`your majesty' is the appropriate title to use in addressing a king"
subtype: #Lordship a title used to address any British peer except a duke and extended to a bishop or a judge: "Your Lordship" or "His Lordship"
subtype: #Ladyship a title used to address any peeress except a duchess; "Your Ladyship" or "Her Ladyship"
subtype: #baronetcy the title of a baron
subtype: #viscountcy the title of a viscount
subtype: #pet_name__petname__hypocorism a name of endearment (especially one using a diminutive suffix); "`Billy' is a hypocorism for `William'"
subtype: #title the name of a work of art or literary composition etc.; "he looked for books with the word `jazz' in the title"; "he refused to give titles to his paintings"; "I can never remember movie titles"
subtype: #rubric.heading a title or heading that is printed in red or in a special type
subtype: #place_name__placename__toponym the name by which a geographical place is known
subtype: #signature your name written in your own handwriting
subtype: #allograph a signature made by one person for another
subtype: #John_Hancock__autograph a person's own signature
subtype: #countersignature__countersign a second confirming signature endorsing a document already signed
subtype: #endorsement.signature a signature that endorses something
subtype: #blank_endorsement__blankendorsement__endorsement_in_blank an endorsement on commercial paper naming no payee and so payable to the bearer
subtype: #sign_manual the signature of a sovereign on an official document
subtype: #company_name__companyname the name by which a corporation is identified
subtype: #domain_name (computer science) strings of letters used to name organizations and computers and addresses on the internet; "domain names are organized hierarchically with the more generic parts to the right"
subtype: #trade_name__tradename__brand_name__brandname__brand__marque a name given to a product or service
subtype: #recording_label__label trade name of a company that produces musical recordings; "the artists and repertoire department of a recording label is responsible for finding new talent"
subtype: pm#previous_surname
subtype: pm#middle_name
subtype: #collocation a grouping of words in a sentence
subtype: #speech_sound__phone__sound (linguistics) an individual sound unit of speech without concern as to whether or not it is a phoneme of some language
subtype: #phoneme (linguistics) one of a small set of speech sounds that are distinguished by the speakers of a particular language
subtype: #allophone (linguistics) any of various acoustically different forms of the same phoneme
subtype: #vowel_sound__vowelsound__vowel a speech sound made with the vocal tract open
subtype: #ablaut__gradation a vowel whose quality or length is changed to indicate linguistic distinctions (such as sing sang sung song)
subtype: #diphthong a vowel sound that starts near the articulatory position for one vowel and moves toward the position for another
subtype: #schwa__shwa a neutral middle vowel; occurs in unstressed syllables
subtype: #murmur_vowel__murmur a schwa that is incidental to the pronunciation of a consonant
subtype: #stem_vowel__thematic_vowel a vowel that ends a stem and precedes an inflection
subtype: #semivowel__glide a vowel-like sound that serves as a consonant
subtype: #palatal a semivowel produced with the tongue near the palate (like the initial sound in the English word `yeast')
subtype: #consonant a speech sound that is not a vowel
subtype: #alveolar_consonant__dental_consonant__alveolar a consonant articulated with the tip of the tongue near the gum ridge
subtype: #stop_consonant__stop__occlusive__plosive_consonant__plosiveconsonant__plosive_speech_sound__plosive a consonant produced by stopping air at some point and suddenly releasing it; "his stop consonants are too aspirated"
subtype: #labial_stop a stop consonant that is produced with the lips
subtype: #glottal_stop__glottalstop__glottal_plosive__glottalplosive__glottal_catch__glottalcatch a stop consonant articulated by releasing pressure at the glottis; as in the sudden onset of a vowel
subtype: #suction_stop__suctionstop a stop consonant made by the suction of air into the mouth (as in Bantu)
subtype: #aspirate a consonant pronounced with aspiration
subtype: #labial_consonant__labial a consonant whose articulation involves movement of the lips
subtype: #bilabial a consonant that is articulated using both lips; /p/ or /b/ or /w/
subtype: #labial_stop a stop consonant that is produced with the lips
subtype: #continuant_consonant__continuant consonant articulated by constricting (but not closing) the vocal tract
subtype: #fricative_consonant__fricative a continuant consonant produced by breath moving against a narrowing of the vocal tract
subtype: #nasal_consonant__nasal a continuant consonant produced through the nose with the mouth closed
subtype: #liquid.continuant_consonant a frictionless non-nasal continuant (especially `l' and `r')
subtype: #sibilant_consonant__sibilant a consonant characterized by a hissing sound (like s or sh)
subtype: #affricate_consonant__affricateconsonant__affricate__affricative a composite speech sound consisting of a stop and a fricative articulated at the same point (as `ch' in `chair' and `j' in `joy')
subtype: #surd__voiceless_consonant__voicelessconsonant a consonant produced without sound from the vocal cords
subtype: #guttural_consonant__guttural a consonant articulated in the back of the mouth or throat
subtype: #orinasal_phone__orinasal a speech sound produced with both the oral and nasal passages open (as French nasal vowels)
subtype: #sonant__voiced_sound a speech sound accompanied by sound from the vocal cords
subtype: #sign.language_unit (linguistics) a fundamental linguistic unit linking a signifier to that which is signified; "The bond between the signifier and the signified is arbitrary"--de Saussure
subtype: pm#category_identifier__formal_term
1 statement is about an indirect instance of #language_unit (pm#category_identifier__formal_term): pm#graph1_on_ontology click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
233 categories printed