#kingdom_Monera__Monera prokaryotic bacteria and blue-green algae and various primitive pathogens; because of lack of consensus on how to divide the organisms into phyla informal names are used for the major divisions
supertype: kingdom one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
member: moneran__moneron organisms that typically reproduce by asexual budding or fission and whose nutritional mode is absorption or photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
member: division_Archaebacteria in some classifications considered a kingdom
member: archaebacteria__archaebacterium__archaeobacteria__archeobacteria considered ancient life forms that evolved separately from bacteria and blue-green algae
member: division_Eubacteria one-celled monerans having simple cells with rigid walls and (in motile types) flagella
member: bacteria_order an order of bacteria
member: bacteria_family a family of bacteria
member: bacteria_genus a genus of bacteria
member: bacteria_species a species of bacteria
member: eubacteria__eubacterium__truebacteria a large group of bacteria having rigid cell walls; motile types have flagella
member: order_Eubacteriales__Eubacteriales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-positive spherical or rod-shaped forms; some are motile; in some classifications considered an order of Schizomycetes
member: family_Rhizobiaceae__Rhizobiaceae a small family of rod-shaped bacteria
member: genus_Rhizobium__Rhizobium the type genus of Rhizobiaceae; usually occur in the root nodules of legumes; can fix atmospheric oxygen
member: genus_Agrobacterium__Agrobacterium small motile bacterial rods that can reduce nitrates and cause galls on plant stems
member: Agrobacterium_tumefaciens the bacteria that produce crown gall disease in plants
member: family_Bacillaceae__Bacillaceae typically rod-shaped usually gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores
member: genus_Bacillus type genus of the Bacillaceae; includes many saprophytes important in decay of organic matter and a number of parasites
member: bacillus__bacilli__b aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations
member: genus_Clostridium anaerobic or micro-aerophilic rod-shaped or spindle-shaped saprophytes; nearly cosmopolitan in soil, animal intestines, and dung
member: clostridium__clostridia spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore
member: botulinus__botulinu__botulinum__Clostridium_botulinum anaerobic bacterium producing botulin the toxin that causes botulism
member: family_Bacteroidaceae__Bacteroidaceae family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
member: genus_Bacteroides__Bacteroides type genus of Bacteroidaceae; genus of gram-negative rodlike anaerobic bacteria producing no endospores and no pigment and living in the gut of man and animals
member: bacteroid.bacteria a rodlike bacterium of the genus Bacteroides
member: family_Enterobacteriaceae__Enterobacteriaceae a large family of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
member: genus_Aerobacter__Aerobacter aerobic bacteria widely distributed in nature
member: Aerobacter_aerogenes a species of Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that produce gas and acid from sugars and are sometimes involved in the souring of milk
member: enteric_bacteria__entericbacteria__enterobacteria__enterics rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; most occur normally or pathogenically in intestines of humans and other animals
member: genus_Escherichia a genus of bacteria
member: escherichia a genus of enteric bacteria
member: genus_Klebsiella a genus of bacteria
member: klebsiella a genus of nonmotile rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some cause respiratory and other infections
member: genus_Salmonella a genus of bacteria
member: salmonella rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; cause typhoid fever and food poisoning
member: genus_Shigella a genus of bacteria
member: shigella rod-shaped gram-negative enterobacteria; some are pathogenic for warm-blooded animals
member: genus_Erwinia a genus of bacteria
member: erwinia rod-shaped motile bacteria that attack plants
member: division_Cyanophyta__Cyanophyta prokaryotic organisms sometimes considered a class or phylum or subkingdom; coextensive with the Cyanophyceae: cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)
member: class_Cyanobacteria__Cyanophyceae__class_Cyanophyceae photosynthetic bacteria found in fresh and salt water, having chlorophyll a and phycobilins; once thought to be algae: blue-green algae
member: cyanobacteria__blue-green_algae predominantly photosynthetic prokaryotic organisms containing a blue pigment in addition to chlorophyll; occur singly or in colonies in diverse habitats; important as phytoplankton
member: family_Nostocaceae__Nostocaceae blue-green algae
member: genus_Nostoc type genus of the family Nostocaceae: freshwater blue-green algae
member: nostoc found in moist places as rounded jellylike colonies
member: family_Oscillatoriaceae__Oscillatoriaceae blue green algae
member: genus_Trichodesmium a genus of blue-green algae
member: trichodesmium large colonial bacterium common in tropical open-ocean waters; important in carbon and nitrogen fixation
member: division_Schizophyta__Schizophyta former term for the Cyanophyta
member: class_Schizomycetes__Schizomycetes a former classification
member: family_Myxophyceae__Myxophyceae__Schizophyceae__family_Schizophyceae former terms for Cyanophyceae
member: order_Pseudomonadales__Pseudomonadales one of two usually recognized orders of true bacteria; gram-negative spiral or spherical or rod-shaped bacteria usually motile by polar flagella; some contain photosynthetic pigments
member: family_Pseudomonodaceae__Pseudomonodaceae rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens
member: genus_Pseudomonas__Pseudomonas type genus of the family Pseudomonodaceae
member: Pseudomonas_pyocanea a species of aerobic bacteria
member: pseudomonad bacteria usually producing greenish fluorescent water-soluble pigment; some pathogenic for plants and animals
member: genus_Xanthomonas__Xanthomonas a genus of bacteria similar to Pseudomonas but producing a yellow pigment that is not soluble in water
member: xanthomonad bacteria producing yellow non-water-soluble pigments; some pathogenic for plants
member: family_Athiorhodaceae__Athiorhodaceae small motile sulphur bacteria
member: family_Nitrobacteriaceae__Nitrobacteriaceae usually rod-shaped bacteria that oxidize ammonia or nitrites: nitrobacteria
member: genus_Nitrobacter__Nitrobacter rod-shaped soil bacteria
member: nitric_bacteria__nitrobacteria soil bacteria that convert nitrites to nitrates
member: genus_Nitrosomonas__Nitrosomonas ellipsoidal soil bacteria
member: nitrosobacteria__nitrous_bacteria__nitrousbacteria soil bacteria that oxidize ammonia to nitrites
member: family_Thiobacteriaceae__Thiobacteriaceae free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds
member: genus_Thiobacillus a genus of bacteria
member: thiobacillus small rod-shaped bacteria living in sewage or soil and oxidizing sulfur
member: family_Spirillaceae__Spirillaceae rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria
member: genus_Spirillum a genus of bacteria
member: spirillum spirally twisted elongate rodlike bacteria usually living in stagnant water
member: genus_Vibrio a genus of bacteria
member: vibrio__vibrion curved rodlike motile bacterium
member: comma_bacillus__Vibrio_comma comma-shaped bacteria that cause Asiatic cholera
member: Vibrio_fetus bacteria that cause abortion in sheep
member: order_Rickettsiales__Rickettsiales pleomorphic gram-negative microorganisms
member: family_Rickettsiaceae__Rickettsiaceae microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates
member: genus_Rickettsia can cause typhus and Rocky Mountain spotted fever in humans
member: rickettsias__rickettsia rod-shaped microorganisms resembling both bacteria and viruses; live in biting arthropods and cause disease in vertebrate hosts
member: family_Chlamydiaceae__Chlamydiaceae gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates
member: genus_Chlamydia type genus of the family Chlamydiaceae: disease-causing parasites
member: chlamydia coccoid rickettsia infesting birds and mammals; cause infections of eyes and lungs and genitourinary tract
member: order_Mycoplasmatales__Mycoplasmatales coextensive with the family Mycoplasmataceae
member: family_Mycoplasmataceae__Mycoplasmataceae pleomorphic gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals
member: genus_Mycoplasma type and sole genus of the family Mycoplasmataceae
member: mycoplasma the smallest self-reproducing prokaryote; lacks a cell wall and can survive without oxygen; can cause pneumonia and urinary tract infection
member: order_Actinomycetales__Actinomycetales filamentous or rod-shaped bacteria
member: actinomycete any bacteria (some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals) belonging to the order Actinomycetales
member: family_Actinomycetaceae__Actinomycetaceae filamentous anaerobic bacteria
member: genus_Actinomyces type genus of the family Actinomycetaceae
member: actinomyces__actinomyce soil-inhabiting saprophytes and disease-producing plant and animal parasites
member: family_Streptomycetaceae__Streptomycetaceae higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes
member: genus_Streptomyces type genus of the family Streptomycetaceae
member: streptomyces aerobic bacteria (some of which produce the antibiotic streptomycin)
member: family_Mycobacteriaceae__Mycobacteriaceae a family of bacteria
member: genus_Mycobacterium nonmotile gram-positive aerobic bacteria
member: mycobacteria__mycobacterium rod-shaped bacteria some saprophytic or causing diseases
member: order_Myxobacteria__Myxobacterales__order_Myxobacterales__Myxobacteriales__order_Myxobacteriales an order of higher bacteria
member: family_Polyangiaceae__Polyangiaceae__Myxobacteriaceae__family_Myxobacteriaceae bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung
member: genus_Polyangium__Polyangium type genus of the family Polyangiaceae: myxobacteria with rounded fruiting bodies enclosed in a membrane
member: myxobacteria__myxobacterium__myxobacter__gliding_bacteria__glidingbacteria__slime_bacteria__slimebacteria bacteria that form colonies in self-produced slime; inhabit moist soils or decaying plant matter or animal waste
member: family_Micrococcaceae__Micrococcaceae spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes
member: genus_Micrococcus__Micrococcus type genus of the family Micrococcaceae
member: genus_Staphylococcus includes many pathogenic species
member: staphylococcus__staphylococci__staph spherical gram-positive parasitic bacteria that tend to form irregular colonies; some cause boils or septicemia or infections
member: order_Spirochaetales__Spirochaetales higher bacteria; slender spiral rodlike forms
member: family_Spirochaetaceae__Spirochaetaceae large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters
member: genus_Spirochaeta__Spirochaeta type genus of the family Spirochaetaceae; flexible undulating chiefly aquatic bacteria
member: spirochete__spirochaete parasitic or free-living bacteria; many pathogenic to humans and other animals
member: family_Treponemataceae__Treponemataceae small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic
member: genus_Treponema type genus of Treponemataceae: anaerobic spirochetes with an undulating rigid body; parasitic in warm-blooded animals
member: treponema spirochete that causes disease in humans (e.g. syphilis and yaws)
member: genus_Borrelia small flexible parasitic spirochetes having three to five wavy spirals
member: borrelia cause of e.g. European and African relapsing fever
member: Borrelia_burgdorferi__Lime_disease_spirochete cause of Lyme disease; transmitted primarily by ticks of genus Ixodes
member: genus_Leptospira very slender aerobic spirochetes; free-living or parasitic in mammals
member: leptospira important pathogens causing Weil's disease or canicola fever
member: family_Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacteriaceae__family_Lactobacteriaceae lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid
member: genus_Lactobacillus type genus of the family Lactobacillaceae
member: lactobacillus__lactobacillu gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria that produce lactic acid especially in milk
member: genus_Diplococcus a genus of bacteria
member: diplococcus__diplococcu gram-positive bacteria usually occurring in pairs
member: genus_Streptococcus a genus of bacteria
member: streptococcus__streptococcu__streptococci__strep spherical gram-positive bacteria occurring in pairs or chains; cause e.g. scarlet fever and tonsillitis
member: Streptococcus_anhemolyticus a species of bacteria
member: phylum_Pyrrophyta__Pyrrophyta a division of lower plants comprising unicellular and biflagellate algae that form starchy compounds
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