#kingdom_Fungi__Fungi__fungus_kingdom  the taxonomic kingdom of lower plants
  supertype:  kingdom  one of seven biological categories: Monera or Protoctista or Plantae or Fungi or Animalia
  member:  fungus_family  includes lichen families
  member:  fungus_genus  includes lichen genera
  member:  fungus_order  the order of fungi
  member:  division_Myxomycota__divisionmyxomycota__Myxomycota__Gymnomycota__gymnomycota__division_Gymnomycota  slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista
     member:  class_Myxomycetes__Myxomycetes  the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
        member:  true_slime_mold__acellular_slime_mold__acellularslimemold__plasmodial_slime_mold__myxomycete  a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes
     member:  class_Acrasiomycetes__Acrasiomycetes  cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in Kingdom Protoctista
        member:  cellular_slime_mold  differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle
        member:  genus_Dictostylium  genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation
           member:  dictostylium  any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium
  member:  Phycomycetes_group__Phycomycetes  a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems
  member:  division_Lichenes__Lichenes  comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with Algae and Fungi
     member:  order_Lichenales__Lichenales  category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
     member:  lichen  any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.
     member:  order_Lechanorales__Lechanorales  category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia
     member:  family_Lecanoraceae__Lecanoraceae  a fungus family of the division Lichenes
        member:  genus_Lecanora  type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens
           member:  lecanora  any lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food
           member:  archil__orchil  any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil
     member:  family_Roccellaceae__Roccellaceae  a fungus family of division Lichenes
        member:  genus_Roccella  chiefly fruticose maritime rock-inhabiting lichens
           member:  roccella__Roccella_tinctoria  a source of the dye archil and of litmus
     member:  family_Pertusariaceae__Pertusariaceae  a fungus family of division Lichenes
        member:  genus_Pertusaria__Pertusaria  crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus
     member:  family_Usneaceae__Usneaceae  fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea; Evernia; Ramalina; Alectoria
        member:  genus_Usnea__Usnea  widely distributed lichens usually having a grayish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus
           member:  beard_lichen__beardlichen__beard_moss__Usnea_barbata  greenish gray pendulous lichen growing on trees
        member:  genus_Evernia__Evernia  lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus
        member:  genus_Ramalina__Ramalina  shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus
        member:  genus_Alectoria__Alectoria  lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus
           member:  horsehair_lichen__horsehairlichen__horsetail_lichen__horsetaillichen  any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair
     member:  family_Cladoniaceae__Cladoniaceae  a family of lichens
        member:  genus_Cladonia__Cladonia  type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia
           member:  reindeer_moss__reindeer_lichen__arctic_moss__Cladonia_rangiferina  an erect grayish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans
     member:  family_Parmeliaceae__Parmeliaceae  a family of lichens
        member:  genus_Parmelia__Parmelia  type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens
           member:  crottle__crottal__crotal  any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made
        member:  genus_Cetraria__Cetraria  foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes
           member:  Iceland_moss__Iceland_lichen__Cetraria_islandica  lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol
  member:  fungus  a parasitic plant lacking chlorophyll and leaves and true stems and roots and reproducing by spores
  member:  division_Eumycota__Eumycota  true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)
     member:  subdivision_Zygomycota__Zygomycota__Zygomycotina__subdivision_Zygomycotina  division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores
        member:  class_Zygomycetes__Zygomycetes  class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
           member:  order_Mucorales__Mucorales  an order of mostly saprophytic fungi
              member:  family_Mucoraceae__Mucoraceae  large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
                 member:  genus_Mucor  type genus of the Mucoraceae; genus of molds having cylindrical or pear-shaped sporangia not limited in location to points where rhizoids develop
                    member:  mucor  any mold of the genus Mucor
                 member:  genus_Rhizopus  genus of rot-causing fungi having columnar hemispherical aerial sporangia anchored to the substrate by rhizoids
                    member:  rhizopus  any of various rot-causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus
                    member:  bread_mold__breadmold__Rhizopus_nigricans  a mold of the genus Rhizopus
                    member:  leak_fungus__ring_rot_fungus__Rhizopus_stolonifer  fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes
           member:  order_Entomophthorales__Entomophthorales  coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae
              member:  family_Entomophthoraceae__Entomophthoraceae  mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
                 member:  genus_Entomophthora__Entomophthora  type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects
     member:  subdivision_Mastigomycota__Mastigomycota__Mastigomycotina__subdivision_Mastigomycotina  fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota
        member:  class_Oomycetes__Oomycetes  nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
           member:  order_Saprolegniales__Saprolegniales  order of chiefly aquatic fungi
              member:  genus_Saprolegnia__Saprolegnia  aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains
                 member:  white_fungus__Saprolegnia_ferax  a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)
                 member:  water_mold__watermold  parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil
           member:  order_Peronosporales__Peronosporales  order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae
              member:  family_Peronosporaceae__Peronosporaceae  parasitic fungi: downy mildews
                 member:  genus_Peronospora__Peronospora  genus of destructive downy mildews
                    member:  blue_mold_fungus__Peronospora_tabacina  fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-gray mildew on undersides of leaves
                    member:  onion_mildew__onionmildew__peronosporadestructor  fungus causing a downy mildew on onions
                    member:  tobacco_mildew__tobaccomildew__Peronospora_hyoscyami  fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco
                 member:  downy_mildew__downymildew__falsemildew  any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons
              member:  family_Albuginaceae__Albuginaceae  fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
                 member:  genus_Albugo__Albugo  type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts
                    member:  white_rust__whiterust  fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia
              member:  family_Pythiaceae__Pythiaceae  fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
                 member:  genus_Pythium  destructive root-parasitic fungi
                    member:  pythium  any fungus of the genus Pythium
                 member:  genus_Phytophthora__Phytophthora  destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants
                    member:  Phytophthora_citrophthora  causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits
                    member:  Phytophthora_infestans  fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes
           member:  family_Plasmodiophoraceae__Plasmodiophoraceae  family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
              member:  genus_Plasmodiophora__Plasmodiophora  type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds
                 member:  clubroot_fungus__Plasmodiophora_brassicae  a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants
        member:  class_Chytridiomycetes__Chytridiomycetes  a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
           member:  order_Chytridiales__Chytridiales  simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
              member:  family_Chytridiaceae__Chytridiaceae  a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
              member:  family_Synchytriaceae__Synchytriaceae  a fungus family of order Chytridiales
                 member:  genus_Synchytrium__Synchytrium  simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites
                    member:  pond-scum_parasite  an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum
                    member:  potato_wart_fungus__Synchytrium_endobioticum  fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers
           member:  order_Blastocladiales__Blastocladiales  fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
              member:  family_Blastodiaceae__Blastodiaceae  a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
                 member:  genus_Blastocladia__Blastocladia  a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae
     member:  class_Eumycetes__Eumycetes  category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
     member:  true_fungus  any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota
     member:  subdivision_Deuteromycota__Deuteromycota__Deuteromycotina__Fungi_imperfecti__subdivision_Deuteromycotina  large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known
        member:  class_Deuteromycetes__Deuteromycetes  form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
        member:  order_Moniliales__Moniliales  order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
           member:  genus_Verticillium  genus of imperfect fungi having conidia borne singly at the apex of whorled branchlets; cause wilt diseases
              member:  verticillium  a fungus of the genus Verticillium
           member:  family_Moniliaceae__Moniliaceae  family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
              member:  genus_Trichophyton__Trichophyton  a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm
              member:  genus_Microsporum__Microsporum  a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm
              member:  genus_Monilia  genus of parasitic yeastlike imperfect fungi having spherical or oval conidia in branched chains; some species usually placed in other genera especially genus Candida
                 member:  monilia  any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia
              member:  genus_Cercosporella__Cercosporella  form genus of imperfect fungi lacking pigment in the spores and conidiophores
              member:  genus_Penicillium__Penicillium  genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of penicillin
           member:  genus_Candida  a genus of yeastlike imperfect fungi; sometimes included in genus Monilia of the family Moniliaceae
              member:  candida  any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida
              member:  Candida_albicans__Monilia_albicans  a parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina
           member:  genus_Blastomyces__Blastomyces  genus of pathogenic yeastlike fungi
           member:  family_Dematiaceae__Dematiaceae  family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
              member:  genus_Cercospora__Cercospora  form genus of imperfect fungi that are leaf parasites with long slender spores
                 member:  yellow_spot_fungus__Cercospora_kopkei  fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)
              member:  genus_Ustilaginoidea__Ustilaginoidea  genus of imperfect fungi causing plant diseases like smut
                 member:  green_smut_fungus__Ustilaginoidea_virens  fungus causing green smut in rice
           member:  family_Tuberculariaceae__Tuberculariaceae  large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
              member:  genus_Tubercularia__Tubercularia  type genus of the Tuberculariaceae; fungi with nodules of red or pink conidia; some cause diebacks of woody plants
              member:  genus_Fusarium  a form genus of mostly plant parasites some of which cause dry rot; in humans a species can cause inflammation of cornea leading to blindness
        member:  order_Mycelia_Sterilia__Mycelia_Sterilia  order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage
           member:  genus_Rhizoctinia  form genus of imperfect fungi some species of which are now placed in genera Pellicularia and Corticium because their perfect stages have been found
              member:  rhizoctinia  any fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia
           member:  genus_Ozonium__Ozonium  form genus of imperfect fungi
           member:  genus_Sclerotium__Sclerotium  form genus of sterile imperfect fungi; many form sclerotia; some cause sclerotium disease in plants
     member:  subdivision_Basidiomycota__Basidiomycota__Basidiomycotina__subdivision_Basidiomycotina  comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium: Gasteromycetes (puffballs); Tiliomycetes (comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)); Hymenomycetes (mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi
        member:  class_Basidiomycetes__Basidiomycetes  large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
           member:  subclass_Homobasidiomycetes__Homobasidiomycetes  category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes
           member:  subclass_Heterobasidiomycetes__Heterobasidiomycetes  category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts
           member:  basidiomycete__basidiomycetous_fungi__basidiomycetousfungi  any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota
           member:  order_Tremellales__Tremellales  fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic
              member:  family_Tremellaceae__Tremellaceae  a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
                 member:  genus_Tremella__Tremella  fungi with yellowish gelatinous sporophores having convolutions resembling those of the brain
                    member:  snow_mushroom__Tremella_fuciformis  popular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried
                    member:  witches'_butter__Tremella_lutescens  a yellow jelly fungus
                    member:  Tremella_foliacea  a jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color
                    member:  Tremella_reticulata  a jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi)
              member:  family_Auriculariaceae__Auriculariaceae  fungi having gelatinous sporophores
                 member:  genus_Auricularia__Auricularia  type genus of the Auriculariaceae
                    member:  Jew's-ear__Jew's-ears__ear_fungus__Auricularia_auricula  widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood
              member:  family_Dacrymycetaceae__Dacrymycetaceae  a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
                 member:  genus_Dacrymyces__Dacrymyces  type genus of the Dacrymycetaceae: fungi with a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
           member:  order_Auriculariales__Auriculariales  coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales
           member:  order_Uredinales__Uredinales  rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in
              member:  rust_fungus__rust  any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants
              member:  family_Melampsoraceae__Melampsoraceae  rust fungi
                 member:  genus_Melampsora__Melampsora  rusts having sessile one-celled teliospores in a single layer
                    member:  flax_rust_fungus__flax_rust__Melampsora_lini  fungus causing flax rust
                 member:  genus_Cronartium__Cronartium  rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns
                    member:  blister_rust__blisterrust__Cronartium_ribicola  fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
              member:  family_Pucciniaceae__Pucciniaceae  large important family of rust fungi
                 member:  genus_Puccinia__Puccinia  type genus of the Pucciniaceae; a large genus of parasitic fungi including many that are destructive to various economic plants
                    member:  wheat_rust__wheatrust__Puccinia_graminis  rust fungus that attacks wheat
                 member:  genus_Gymnosporangium__Gymnosporangium__gymnosporangium  genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae
                    member:  cedar-apple_rust__cedarapplerust__apple_rust__applerust__Gymnosporangium_juniperi-virginianae  rust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc
        member:  class_Hymenomycetes__Hymenomycetes  used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
        member:  order_Agaricales__Agaricales  typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
           member:  family_Clavariaceae__Clavariaceae  fleshy fungi: coral fungi
              member:  coral_fungus  any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral
           member:  family_Hydnaceae__Hydnaceae  tooth fungi
              member:  tooth_fungus  a fungus of the family Hydnaceae
              member:  genus_Hydnum__Hydnum  type genus of Hydnaceae
           member:  agaric  a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside
           member:  family_Agaricaceae__Agaricaceae  large family including many familiar mushrooms
              member:  genus_Agaricus__Agaricus  type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species
                 member:  horse_mushroom__horsemushroom__Agaricus_arvensis  coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and abroad white cap
                 member:  meadow_mushroom__field_mushroom__fieldmushroom__Agaricus_campestris  common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce
              member:  genus_Amanita__Amanita  genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions
                 member:  royal_agaric__royalagaric__Caesar's_agaric__Amanita_caesarea  widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric
                 member:  false_deathcap__falsedeathcap__Amanita_mappa  agaric often confused with the death cup
                 member:  fly_agaric__flyagaric__Amanita_muscaria  poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills
                 member:  death_cap__deathcap__death_cup__death_angel__destroying_angel__Amanita_phalloides  extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills
                 member:  blushing_mushroom__blusher__amanitarubescen  yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched
                 member:  destroying_angel__Amanita_verna  fungus similar to Amanita phalloides
              member:  genus_Cantharellus__Cantharellus  a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles
                 member:  chanterelle__chantarelle__Cantharellus_cibarius  widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma
                 member:  floccose_chanterelle__Cantharellus_floccosus  a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet
                 member:  pig's_ears__Cantharellus_clavatus  an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound
                 member:  cinnabar_chanterelle__Cantharellus_cinnabarinus  mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
              member:  genus_Coprinus__Coprinus  genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae
                 member:  inky_cap__inky-cap_mushroom__Coprinus_atramentarius  having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured
                 member:  shaggymane_mushroom__shaggymane__shaggycap__Coprinus_comatus  common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores
              member:  genus_Lactarius__Lactarius  large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species
                 member:  milkcap__Lactarius_delicioso  edible mushroom
              member:  genus_Marasmius__Marasmius  chiefly small mushrooms with white spores
                 member:  fairy-ring_mushroom__Marasmius_oreades  mushroom that grows in a fairy ring
              member:  genus_Pleurotus__Pleurotus  agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan
                 member:  oyster_mushroom__oyster_fungus__oyster_agaric__Pleurotus_ostreatus  edible agaric with a soft grayish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood
                 member:  olive-tree_agaric__Pleurotus_phosphoreus  red luminescent mushroom of Europe
              member:  genus_Russula__Russula  large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice
           member:  family_Coprinaceae__Coprinaceae  used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
           member:  family_Russulaceae__Russulaceae  used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
           member:  family_Strophariaceae__Strophariaceae  sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
              member:  genus_Pholiota__Pholiota  genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood
                 member:  Pholiota_astragalina  a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk
                 member:  Pholiota_aurea__golden_pholiota  a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast
                 member:  Pholiota_destruens  a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard
                 member:  Pholiota_flammans  a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk
                 member:  Pholiota_flavida  a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk
                 member:  Pholiota_nameko__nameko__viscid_mushroom  one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan
                 member:  Pholiota_squarrosa-adiposa  a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks
                 member:  Pholiota_squarrosa__scaly_pholiota__scalypholiota  a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age
                 member:  Pholiota_squarrosoides  a pale buff fungus with tawny scales
              member:  genus_Stropharia__Stropharia__ring-stalked_fungus  genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae
                 member:  Stropharia_ambigua  a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released
                 member:  Stropharia_hornemannii  a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring
                 member:  Stropharia_rugoso-annulata  a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice
           member:  family_Entolomataceae__Entolomataceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
              member:  genus_Entoloma__Entoloma  agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)
                 member:  Entoloma_lividum__Entoloma_sinuatum  a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan
                 member:  Entoloma_aprile  an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring
           member:  family_Lepiotaceae__Lepiotaceae  a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
              member:  genus_Chlorophyllum  a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae
              member:  genus_Lepiota  agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms
                 member:  lepiota  any fungus of the genus Lepiota
                 member:  parasol_mushroom__parasolmushroom__Lepiota_procera  edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn
                 member:  poisonous_parasol__poisonousparasol__Lepiota_morgani  an agaric regarded as poisonous
                 member:  Lepiota_naucina  an agaric with grayish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red
                 member:  Lepiota_rhacodes  an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk
                 member:  American_parasol__Lepiota_americana  an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base
                 member:  Lepiota_rubrotincta  an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk
                 member:  Lepiota_clypeolaria  an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap
                 member:  onion_stem__onionstem__Lepiota_cepaestipes  a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base
           member:  family_Thelephoraceae__Thelephoraceae  fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
              member:  genus_Corticium__Corticium  genus of fungi having simple smooth-surfaced sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
                 member:  pink_disease_fungus__Corticium_salmonicolor  fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc
                 member:  bottom_rot_fungus__Corticium_solani  fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce
              member:  genus_Pellicularia__Pellicularia  genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in the form genus Rhizoctinia
                 member:  potato_fungus__Pellicularia_filamentosa__Rhizoctinia_solani  fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers
                 member:  coffee_fungus__Pellicularia_koleroga  fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants
           member:  family_Tricholomataceae__Tricholomataceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
              member:  genus_Lentinus__Lentinus  a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae
                 member:  shiitake_mushroom__shiitake__Chinese_black_mushroom__golden_oak_mushroom__Oriental_black_mushroom__Lentinus_edodes  edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe
                 member:  scaly_lentinus__Lentinus_lepideus  a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice
              member:  genus_Omphalotus__Omphalotus  a genus of mushrooms with a depressed disc in the cap
                 member:  jack-o-lantern_fungus__jack-o-lantern__jack-a-lantern__Omphalotus_illudens  a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent
              member:  genus_Tricholoma__Tricholoma  agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible
                 member:  sandy_mushroom__sandymushroom__Tricholoma_populinum  an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)
                 member:  Tricholoma_pessundatum  a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk
                 member:  Tricholoma_sejunctum  an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins
                 member:  man-on-a-horse__Tricholoma_flavovirens  an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center
                 member:  Tricholoma_venenata  a poisonous white agaric
                 member:  Tricholoma_pardinum  a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine gray fibrils
                 member:  Tricholoma_vaccinum  an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills an stalk
                 member:  Tricholoma_aurantium  an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste
              member:  genus_Clitocybe__Clitocybe  a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills
                 member:  Clitocybe_clavipes  an agaric with a flat cap that is grayish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base
                 member:  Clitocybe_dealbata  a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk
                 member:  Clitocybe_inornata  a fungus with a cap that is creamy gray when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled
                 member:  Clitocybe_robusta__Clytocybe_alba  a large white agaric; edible but not palatable
                 member:  Clitocybe_irina__Tricholoma_irinum__Lepista_irina  an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks
                 member:  Clitocybe_subconnexa  an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk in fleshy and unpolished
              member:  genus_Flammulina__Flammulina  a genus of agarics
                 member:  winter_mushroom__Flammulina_velutipes  an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters
              member:  genus_Armillaria__Armillaria  genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot
                 member:  shoestring_fungus  any of several fungi of the genus Armillaria that form brown stringy rhizomorphs and cause destructive rot of the roots of some trees such as apples or maples
                 member:  Armillaria_caligata__booted_armillaria  fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk
              member:  genus_Armillariella__Armillariella  a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it
                 member:  honey_mushroom__honeymushroom__honey_fungus__Armillariella_mellea  a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw
           member:  family_Volvariaceae__Volvariaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
              member:  genus_Volvaria__Volvaria  agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva
                 member:  Volvaria_bombycina  a parasite on various trees
           member:  family_Pluteaceae__Pluteaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
              member:  genus_Pluteus__Pluteus__roof_mushroom  a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer
                 member:  Pluteus_aurantiorugosus  an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk
                 member:  Pluteus_magnus__swadust_mushroom__swadustmushroom  an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled
                 member:  deer_mushroom__Pluteus_cervinus  a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods
              member:  genus_Volvariella__Volvariella  an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient
                 member:  straw_mushroom__strawmushroom__Chinese_mushroom__Volvariella_volvacea  small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially
                 member:  Volvariella_bombycina  a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap
           member:  family_Boletaceae__Boletaceae  family of pore-bearing fleshy fungi having the spores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
              member:  bolete  any fungus of the family Boletaceae
              member:  genus_Boletus__Boletus  type genus of Boletaceae; genus of soft early-decaying pore fungi; some poisonous and some edible
                 member:  Boletus_chrysenteron  a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk
                 member:  Boletus_edulis  a edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk
                 member:  Frost's_bolete__Boletus_frostii  a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk
                 member:  Boletus_luridus  a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk
                 member:  Boletus_mirabilis  a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk
                 member:  Boletus_pallidus  a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow
                 member:  Boletus_pulcherrimus  a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk
                 member:  Boletus_pulverulentus  an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base
                 member:  Boletus_roxanae  a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk
                 member:  Boletus_subvelutipes  a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly
                 member:  Boletus_variipes  an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk
                 member:  Boletus_zelleri  an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age
              member:  genus_Fuscoboletinus__Fuscoboletinus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
                 member:  Fuscoboletinus_paluster  an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity
                 member:  Fuscoboletinus_serotinus  an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk
              member:  genus_Leccinum__Leccinum  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
                 member:  Leccinum_fibrillosum  an edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base
              member:  genus_Phylloporus__Phylloporus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
                 member:  Phylloporus_boletinoides  a fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk
              member:  genus_Suillus__Suillus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
                 member:  Suillus_albivelatus__suillusalbivelatu  a short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring
              member:  genus_Strobilomyces__Strobilomyces  fungi similar to Boletus but with a shaggy scaly cap
                 member:  old-man-of-the-woods__Strobilomyces_floccopus  edible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America
              member:  genus_Boletellus__Boletellus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
                 member:  Boletellus_russellii  a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface
           member:  family_Hygrophoraceae__Hygrophoraceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
              member:  waxycap  any fungus of the family Hygrophoraceae having gills that are more or less waxy in appearance
              member:  genus_Hygrocybe__Hygrocybe  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
                 member:  Hygrocybe_acutoconica__conic_waxycap__conicwaxycap  a fungus having an acutely conic cap and dry stalks
              member:  genus_Hygrophorus__Hygrophorus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
                 member:  Hygrophorus_borealis  a fungus with a white convex cap and arcuate white gills and a stalk that tapers toward the base
                 member:  Hygrophorus_caeruleus  a fungus with a broadly convex cap that is cream color with a tint of blue over the margin; waxy gills are bluish green to blue-gray; a short stalk tapers abruptly at the base
                 member:  Hygrophorus_inocybiformis  a fungus with a drab squamulose cap and gray-brown squamules over the white background of the stalk and waxy gray-white gills
                 member:  Hygrophorus_kauffmanii  a fungus with a slightly viscid cap; cap and gills are reddish brown nd the stalk is gray
                 member:  Hygrophorus_marzuolus  a gray fungus frequently found near melting snow banks
                 member:  Hygrophorus_purpurascens  a fungus with a viscid purplish red cap and stalk; found under spruce and other conifers
                 member:  Hygrophorus_russula  an edible fungus with a reddish cap and close pale gills and dry stalk; found under hardwoods
                 member:  Hygrophorus_sordidus  an edible fungus with a large white cap and a cry stalk and white gills
                 member:  Hygrophorus_tennesseensis  a fungus having a brownish sticky cap with a white margin and white gills and an odor of raw potatoes
                 member:  Hygrophorus_turundus  a small fungus with orange cap and yellow gills found in sphagnum bogs
              member:  genus_Hygrotrama__Hygrotrama  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
                 member:  Hygrotrama_foetens  a small gray-brown fungus with an unpleasant odor of mothballs
              member:  genus_Neohygrophorus__Neohygrophorus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
                 member:  Neohygrophorus_angelesianus  a fungus with a small brown convex cap with a depressed disc; waxy wine-colored gills and a brown stalk; fruits in or near melting snow banks in the western mountains of North America
           member:  family_Cortinariaceae__Cortinariaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
              member:  genus_Cortinarius__Cortinarius  the largest genus in th Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)
                 member:  Cortinarius_atkinsonianus  an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender
                 member:  Cortinarius_corrugatus  a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown
                 member:  Cortinarius_gentilis  a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk
                 member:  Cortinarius_mutabilis__purple-staining_Cortinarius  a fungus with a reddish purple cap having a smooth slimy surface; close violet gills; all parts stain dark purple when bruised
                 member:  Cortinarius_semisanguineus  a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk
                 member:  Cortinarius_subfoetidus  a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath
                 member:  Cortinarius_violaceus  a fungus that is violet over-all with a squamulose cap
              member:  genus_Gymnopilus__Gymnopilus  a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit
                 member:  Gymnopilus_spectabilis  a fungus with a brownish orange fruiting body and a ring near the top of the stalk; the taste is bitter and the flesh contains psilocybin and psilocin
                 member:  Gymnopilus_validipes  a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk
                 member:  Gymnopilus_ventricosus  a giant fungus of the Pacific Northwest; has a very thick stalk and the cortina leaves a ring high up on the stalk
        member:  class_Gasteromycetes__Gasteromycetes__Gastromycetes__class_Gastromycetes  fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
           member:  order_Sclerodermatales__Sclerodermatales  an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
              member:  family_Sclerodermataceae__Sclerodermataceae  a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
                 member:  genus_Scleroderma__Scleroderma  genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles
                    member:  earthball__false_truffle__falsetruffle__puffball__hard-skinned_puffball  any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles
                    member:  Scleroderma_citrinum__Scleroderma_aurantium  an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts
                    member:  Scleroderma_flavidium__star_earthball  an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel
                    member:  Scleroderma_bovista__smooth_earthball  an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity
              member:  family_Tulostomaceae__Tulostomaceae__Tulostomataceae__family_Tulostomataceae  stalked puffballs
                 member:  genus_Tulostoma__Tulostoma__Tulestoma__genus_Tulestoma  type genus of the Tulostomaceae
                    member:  stalked_puffball.fungus__stalkedpuffball  mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball
           member:  order_Hymenogastrales__Hymenogastrales  an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
              member:  family_Rhizopogonaceae__Rhizopogonaceae  a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
                 member:  false_truffle__falsetruffle  any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle
                 member:  genus_Rhizopogon__Rhizopogon  a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers
                    member:  Rhizopogon_idahoensis  a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes grayish brown in maturity
                 member:  genus_Truncocolumella__Truncocolumella  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae
                    member:  Truncocolumella_citrina  a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue
           member:  gasteromycete  any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes
           member:  order_Phallales__Phallales  order of fungi comprising the stinkhorns and related forms whose mature hymenium is slimy and fetid; sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes
              member:  family_Phallaceae__Phallaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
                 member:  genus_Phallus__Phallus  genus of fungi having the cap or pileus hanging free around the stem
                    member:  common_stinkhorn__Phallus_impudicus  a common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism
                    member:  Phallus_ravenelii  this stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh
                 member:  genus_Dictyophera__Dictyophera  closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus
                 member:  genus_Mutinus__Mutinus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phallaceae
              member:  stinkhorn__carrion_fungus  any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales; "the foul smell of the stinkhorn attracts insects that carry the spores away on their feet"
              member:  dog_stinkhorn__dogstinkhorn__Mutinus_caninus  a stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it
              member:  family_Clathraceae__Clathraceae  family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
                 member:  genus_Clathrus__Clathrus  type genus of the Clathraceae
                 member:  genus_Pseudocolus__Pseudocolus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Clathraceae
                    member:  stinky_squid__Pseudocolus_fusiformis  a stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point
           member:  order_Tulostomatales__Tulostomatales  an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
              member:  family_Calostomataceae__Calostomataceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
                 member:  Calostoma_lutescens  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case
                 member:  Calostoma_cinnabarina  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case
                 member:  Calostoma_ravenelii  a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores
           member:  order_Lycoperdales__Lycoperdales  small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars
              member:  family_Lycoperdaceae__Lycoperdaceae  a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
                 member:  genus_Lycoperdon__Lycoperdon  genus of fungi whose fruiting body tapers toward a base consisting of spongy mycelium
                 member:  true_puffball__puffball  any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature
                 member:  genus_Calvatia__Calvatia  genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores
                    member:  giant_puffball__giantpuffball__Calvatia_gigantea  huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight
              member:  family_Geastraceae__Geastraceae  a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
                 member:  earthstar  any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star
                 member:  genus_Geastrum__Geastrum  type genus of Geastraceae; fungi whose outer peridium when dry splits into starlike segments
                 member:  genus_Radiigera__Radiigera  a genus of fungus belonging to the family Geastraceae
                    member:  Radiigera_fuscogleba  a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it
                 member:  genus_Astreus__Astreus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Geastraceae
           member:  order_Nidulariales__Nidulariales  small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae
              member:  family_Nidulariaceae__Nidulariaceae  bird's-nest fungi
                 member:  bird's-nest_fungus  any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores
                 member:  genus_Nidularia__Nidularia  type genus of the Nidulariaceae
              member:  family_Sphaerobolaceae__Sphaerobolaceae  monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
           member:  order_Secotiales__Secotiales  an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
              member:  family_Secotiaceae__Secotiaceae  a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
                 member:  genus_Gastrocybe__Gastrocybe  a genus of fungi of the family Secotiaceae
                    member:  Gastrocybe_lateritia  a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses
                 member:  genus_Macowanites__Macowanites  a stout-stemmed genus of fungus belonging to the family Secotiaceae having fruiting bodies that never expand completely
                    member:  Macowanites_americanus  a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap
                 member:  genus_Gastroboletus__Gastroboletus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium
                    member:  Gastroboletus_scabrosus  a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete
                    member:  Gastroboletus_turbinatus  a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete
        member:  order_Aphyllophorales__Aphyllophorales  includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales
           member:  family_Polyporaceae__Polyporaceae  fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
              member:  genus_Albatrellus__Albatrellus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
              member:  Albatrellus_dispansus  a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor
              member:  Albatrellus_ovinus__sheep_polypore__sheeppolypore  a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular
              member:  genus_Neolentinus__Neolentinus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
              member:  Neolentinus_ponderosus  a gilled polypore with a large cap (up to 15 inches in diameter) and a broad stalk; edible when young and tender
              member:  genus_Nigroporus__Nigroporus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
              member:  Nigroporus_vinosus  a woody pore fungus with a dark brown to red brown cap and spore surface and small pores
              member:  genus_Oligoporus__Oligoporus  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
              member:  Oligoporus_leucospongia  a pore fungus with a whitish cottony soft cap found on conifer logs in forests at high elevation in the western United States and adjacent Canada
              member:  genus_Polyporus__Polyporus  type genus of the Polyporaceae; includes important pathogens of e.g. birches and conifers
                 member:  Polyporus_tenuiculus  a fungus with a whitish kidney-shaped cap and elongated pores; causes white rot in dead hardwoods
                 member:  hen-of-the-woods__hen_of_the_woods__Polyporus_frondosus__Grifola_frondosa  large grayish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees
                 member:  Polyporus_squamosus__scaly_polypore__scalypolypore  a fungus with a lateral stalk (when there is a stalk) and a scaly cap that becomes nearly black in maturity; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
              member:  genus_Fomes__Fomes  genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees
                 member:  Fomes_igniarius__agaric  fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses
           member:  family_Fistulinaceae__Fistulinaceae  a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
              member:  genus_Fistulina__Fistulina  fungi having each pore separate though crowded
                 member:  beefsteak_fungus__Fistulina_hepatica  a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States
        member:  class_Tiliomycetes__Tiliomycetes  category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
        member:  order_Ustilaginales__Ustilaginales  parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes
           member:  smut_fungus__smut  any fungus of the order Ustilaginales
           member:  family_Ustilaginaceae__Ustilaginaceae  a fungus family of loose smuts
              member:  cornsmut__corn_smut  a smut fungus attacking Indian corn
              member:  genus_Sphacelotheca__Sphacelotheca  genus of smut fungus
                 member:  head_smut__Sphacelotheca_reiliana  smut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut
           member:  family_Tilletiaceae__Tilletiaceae  a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
              member:  genus_Tilletia__Tilletia  a genus of fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
                 member:  Tilletia_caries__bunt  fungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores
                 member:  Tilletia_foetida__bunt__stinking_smut  similar to Tilletia caries
              member:  genus_Urocystis__Urocystis  a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
                 member:  flag_smut_fungus  a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores
        member:  family_Septobasidiaceae__Septobasidiaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
           member:  genus_Septobasidium__Septobasidium  type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium
              member:  felt_fungus__Septobasidium_pseudopedicellatum  fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States
     member:  subdivision_Ascomycota__Ascomycota__Ascomycotina__subdivision_Ascomycotina  a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi
        member:  order_Helotiales__Helotiales  order of fungi having asci in a disk- to goblet-shaped apothecium
           member:  family_Helotiaceae__Helotiaceae  a fungus family of order Helotiales
              member:  genus_Helotium__Helotium  type genus of the Helotiaceae
           member:  family_Sclerotiniaceae__Sclerotiniaceae  a fungus family of order Helotiales
              member:  genus_Sclerotinia  large genus of ascomycetous fungi including various destructive plant pathogens
                 member:  sclerotinia  any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants
              member:  brown_cup__browncup  a variety of sclerotinia
           member:  family_Geoglossaceae__Geoglossaceae  a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
              member:  genus_Geoglossum__Geoglossum  type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues
                 member:  earthtongue  any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum
        member:  order_Tuberales__Tuberales  small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
           member:  family_Tuberaceae__Tuberaceae  family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
              member:  genus_Tuber__Tuber  type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles
                 member:  earth-ball__earthball__truffle__earthnut  any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe
        member:  sac_fungus  any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus
        member:  class_Ascomycetes__Ascomycetes  large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
           member:  subclass_Euascomycetes__Euascomycetes  category not used in many classification systems
           member:  subclass_Discomycetes__Discomycetes  a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped
              member:  discomycete__cupfungu  any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes
              member:  order_Pezizales__Pezizales  order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps
                 member:  family_Pezizaceae__Pezizaceae  large family comprising many typical cup fungi
                    member:  genus_Peziza__Peziza  type genus of the Pezizaceae: a variety of cup fungus
                       member:  Peziza_domicilina  a discomycetous fungus of the genus Peziza; the fragile fruiting body is a ghostly white but stains yellow when broken; favors strongly alkaline habitats
                       member:  blood_cup__bloodcup__fairy_cup__fairycup__Peziza_coccinea  a scarlet European fungus with cup-shaped ascocarp
                    member:  genus_Plectania__Plectania  genus of fungi in the family Pezizaceae closely related to and often included in genus Peziza
                 member:  family_Sarcoscyphaceae__Sarcoscyphaceae  family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
                 member:  family_Helvellaceae__Helvellaceae  family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
                    member:  genus_Morchella__Morchella  genus of edible fungi: morel
                       member:  morel  any of various edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella having a brownish spongelike cap
                       member:  common_morel__Morchella_esculenta__sponge_mushroom__sponge_morel  an edible and choice morel with a globular to elongate head with an irregular pattern of pits and ridges
                    member:  false_morel  a fungus of the family Helvellaceae
                    member:  lorchel  a large fungus of the family Helvellaceae
                    member:  genus_Helvella  type genus of the Helvellaceae
                       member:  Helvella_sulcata  a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull gray with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale gray; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted
                       member:  helvella  any fungus of the genus Helvella having the ascocarps stalked or pleated or often in folds
                       member:  Helvella_crispa__miter_mushroom__mitermushroom  a helvella with a saddle-shaped fertile part and creamy color; the stalk is fluted and pitted
                       member:  Helvella_acetabulum  a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior; the stalk is creamy white and heavily ribbed
                    member:  genus_Discina  a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body and ornamented spores
                       member:  Discina_macrospora  a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating
                    member:  genus_Gyromitra  a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a fertile portion that is tan to brown
                       member:  Gyromitra_californica__California_false_morel  a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California
                       member:  Gyromitra_sphaerospora__round-spored_gyromitra  a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains
                       member:  Gyromitra_esculenta__brain_mushroom__brainmushroom__beefsteak_morel__beefsteakmorel  a poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown
                       member:  Gyromitra_infula__saddled-shaped_false_morel  a poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even
                       member:  Gyromitra_fastigiata__Gyromitra_brunnea  a lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk
                       member:  Gyromitra_gigas  a gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time
           member:  family_Morchellaceae__Morchellaceae  a family of edible fungi including the true morels
              member:  Disciotis_venosa__cup_morel__cupmorel  an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms
              member:  Verpa__bell_morel  a morel whose fertile portion resembles a bell and is attached to the stipe only at the top
              member:  Verpa_conica__conic_Verpa  a morel with a fertile portion that has a relatively smooth surface; the stalk is fragile
              member:  black_morel__blackmorel__Morchella_conica__conic_morel__conicmorel__Morchella_angusticeps__narrowhead_morel  a morel whose pitted fertile body is attached to the stalk with little free skirt around it; the fertile body is gray when young and black in old age
              member:  Morchella_crassipes__thick-footed_morel  a delicious morel with a conic fertile portion having deep and irregular pits
              member:  Morchella_semilibera__half-free_morel__cow's_head__cow'shead  a morel with the ridged and pitted fertile portion attached to the stipe for about half its length
        member:  ascomycete__ascomycetous_fungus  any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus
        member:  class_Hemiascomycetes__Hemiascomycetes  class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
           member:  order_Endomycetales__Endomycetales  fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
              member:  family_Saccharomycetaceae__Saccharomycetaceae  family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
                 member:  genus_Saccharomyces__Saccharomyces  single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates
                    member:  baker's_yeast__baker'syeast__brewer's_yeast__Saccharomyces_cerevisiae  used as a leaven in baking and brewing
                    member:  wine-maker's_yeast__Saccharomyces_ellipsoides  used in making wine
              member:  yeast  any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division
              member:  family_Schizosaccharomycetaceae__Schizosaccharomycetaceae  a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
                 member:  genus_Schizosaccharomyces__Schizosaccharomyces  type and only genus of Schizosaccharomycetaceae; comprises the fission yeasts
        member:  class_Plectomycetes__Plectomycetes  class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
           member:  order_Eurotiales__Eurotiales__Aspergillales__order_Aspergillales  order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium
              member:  genus_Eurotium__Eurotium  a genus of fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales
              member:  family_Aspergillaceae__Aspergillaceae  family of fungi including some common molds
                 member:  genus_Aspergillus__Aspergillus  genus of common molds causing food spoilage and some pathogenic to plants and animals
                 member:  genus_Thielavia__Thielavia  genus of fungi having spherical brown perithecia and some conidia borne in chains; cause root rot
                    member:  brown_root_rot_fungus__Thielavia_basicola  fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families
        member:  class_Pyrenomycetes__Pyrenomycetes  class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and neurospora
           member:  order_Erysiphales__Erysiphales  saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants
              member:  family_Erysiphaceae__Erysiphaceae  family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
                 member:  genus_Erysiphe__Erysiphe  genus of powdery mildews
                    member:  powdery_mildew__powderymildew  any of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface
           member:  order_Sphaeriales__Sphaeriales  large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
              member:  family_Sphaeriaceae__Sphaeriaceae  parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
                 member:  genus_Neurospora__Neurospora  genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries
              member:  family_Ceratostomataceae__Ceratostomataceae  fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
                 member:  genus_Ceratostomella__Ceratostomella  genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
                    member:  Dutch_elm_fungus__Ceratostomella_ulmi  fungus causing Dutch elm disease
              member:  family_Hypocreaceae__Hypocreaceae  family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
                 member:  genus_Claviceps__Claviceps  fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
                    member:  Claviceps_purpurea__ergot  a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
              member:  family_Xylariaceae__Xylariaceae  family of fungi characterized by dark brown to back spores
                 member:  genus_Xylaria__Xylaria  type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata
                    member:  black_root_rot_fungus__Xylaria_mali  fungus causing black root rot in apples
                    member:  dead-man's-fingers__dead-men's-fingers__Xylaria_polymorpha  the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
                 member:  genus_Rosellinia__Rosellinia  fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores
           member:  order_Hypocreales__Hypocreales  used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae

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