#invertebrate  any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification
  supertype:  #animal__animate_being__animatebeing__beast__brute__creature__fauna  a living organism characterized by voluntary movement
  part:  #invertebrate_foot  #peristome
  subtype:  #arthropod  invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin
     subtype:  #arachnid__arachnoid  air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs
        subtype:  #harvestman__daddy_longlegs__Phalangium_opilio  spider-like arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs
        subtype:  #scorpion  arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous sting
        subtype:  #false_scorpion__falsescorpion__pseudoscorpion  small nonvenomous arachnid resembling a tailless scorpion
           subtype:  #book_scorpion__Chelifer_cancroides  minute arachnid sometimes found in old papers
        subtype:  #whipscorpion__whip_scorpion  nonvenomous arachnid that resembles a scorpion and that has a long thin stingless tail
           subtype:  #vinegarroon__mastigoproctusgiganteu  large whipscorpion of Mexico and southern United States that emits a vinegary odor when alarmed
        subtype:  #spider  predatory arachnid that usually has silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey
           subtype:  #black_and_gold_garden_spider__Argiope_aurantia  a widely distributed North American garden spider
           subtype:  #barn_spider__Araneus_cavaticus  an orange and tan spider with darkly banded legs that spins an orb web daily; "the barn spider was made famous in E. B. White's book `Charlotte's Web'"
           subtype:  #garden_spider__Aranea_diademata  a common European garden spider
           subtype:  #comb-footed_spider__theridiid  spider having a comb-like row of bristles on each hind foot
           subtype:  #black_widow__blackwidow__Latrodectus_mactans  venomous New World spider; the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen
           subtype:  #tarantula  large hairy tropical spider that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites
           subtype:  #wolf_spider__hunting_spider__huntingspider  ground spider that hunts its prey instead of using a web
              subtype:  #European_wolf_spider__tarantula__Lycosa_tarentula  large southern European spider once thought to be the cause of tarantism (uncontrollable bodily movement)
           subtype:  #trap-door_spider  American spider that constructs a silk-lined nest with a hinged lid
        subtype:  #acarine  mite or tick
           subtype:  #tick  any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals
              subtype:  #hard_tick__ixodid  ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_dammini__deer_tick  a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_neotomae  a tick that usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to dusky-footed woodrats
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_pacificus__western_black-legged_tick  feeds on dusky-footed woodrat and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in western United States especially northern California
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_scapularis__black-legged_tick  parasitic on mice of genus Peromyscus and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in eastern United States (especially New England); northern form was for a time known as Ixodes dammini (deer tick)
                 subtype:  #sheeptick__ixodesricinu  parasitic on sheep and cattle as well as humans; can transmit looping ill in sheep (acute viral disease of the nervous system); a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_persulcatus  bites humans; a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_dentatus  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and woodrats
                 subtype:  #Ixodes_spinipalpis  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and wood rats
                 subtype:  #wood_tick__American_dog_tick__Dermacentor_variabilis  common tick that can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia
              subtype:  #soft_tick__argasid  tick lacking a dorsal shield and having mouth parts on the under side of the head
           subtype:  #mite  any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods
              subtype:  #acarid  very small free-living arachnid that is parasitic on animals or plants; related to ticks
              subtype:  #trombidiid  mite that in all stages feeds on other arthropods
              subtype:  #trombiculiid  mite that as nymph and adult feeds on early stages of small arthropods but whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial vertebrates
                 subtype:  #harvest_mite__harvestmite__jigger__redbug  larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates including human beings causing intense irritation
              subtype:  #acarus  a mite of the genus Acarus
              subtype:  #itch_mite__sarcoptid  whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; "itch mites cause scabies"
              subtype:  #spider_mite__tetranychid  web-spinning mite that attacks garden plants and fruit trees
                 subtype:  #red_spider_mite__red_spider__redspider__Panonychus_ulmi  small web-spinning mite; a serious orchard pest
     subtype:  #myriapod  general term for any terrestrial arthropod having an elongated body composed of many similar segments: e.g. centipedes and millipedes
     subtype:  #garden_centipede__garden_symphilid__symphilid__scutigerellaimmaculata  minute arthropod often infesting the underground parts of truck-garden and greenhouse crops
     subtype:  #tardigrade  an arthropod of the division Tardigrada
     subtype:  #centipede  chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs
        subtype:  #house_centipede__housecentipede__Scutigera_coleoptrata  long-legged centipede common in damp places as e.g. cellars
     subtype:  #millipede__milliped  any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs
     subtype:  #sea_spider__seaspider__pycnogonid  any of various small spider-like marine arthropods having small thin bodies and long slender legs
     subtype:  #class_Merostomata__Merostomata  used in some classifications; includes the orders Xiphosura and Eurypterida
     subtype:  #horseshoe_crab__horseshoecrab__king_crab__Limulus_polyphemus__Xiphosurus_polyphemus  large marine arthropod of the American Atlantic coast having a domed horseshoe-shaped carapace and stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse
     subtype:  #Asian_horseshoe_crab  horseshoe crab of the coast of eastern Asia
     subtype:  #eurypterid  large extinct scorpion-like arthropod considered related to horseshoe crabs
     subtype:  #tongue_worm__pentastomid  wormlike arthropod having two pairs of hooks at the sides of the mouth; parasitic in nasal sinuses of mammals
     subtype:  #crustacean  any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton
        subtype:  #malacostracan_crustacean__malacostracancrustacean  a major subclass of crustaceans
           subtype:  #krill  shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales
              subtype:  #Euphausia_pacifica  food for jellyfish
           subtype:  #opossum_shrimp__opossumshrimp  shrimp-like crustaceans whose females carry eggs and young in a pouch between the legs
           subtype:  #isopod  any of various small terrestrial or aquatic crustaceans with seven pairs of legs adapted for crawling
              subtype:  #woodlouse__slater  any of various small terrestrial isopods having a flat elliptical segmented body; found in damp habitats
                 subtype:  #pill_bug  small terrestrial isopod with a convex segmented body that can roll up into a ball
                 subtype:  #sow_bug__sowbug  terrestrial isopod having an oval segmented body (a shape like a sow)
              subtype:  #sea_louse__sealouse__sea_slater__seaslater  marine isopod crustacean
           subtype:  #amphipod  a kind of malacostracan crustacean
              subtype:  #beach_flea__beachflea__sand_hopper__sand_flea  small amphipod crustaceans that hop like fleas; common on ocean beaches
              subtype:  #skeleton_shrimp  small amphipod crustacean having a grotesque form suggestive of the praying mantis; found chiefly on seaweed
              subtype:  #whale_louse__whalelouse  amphipod crustacean parasitic on cetaceans
        subtype:  #decapod_crustacean__decapodcrustacean__decapod  crustaceans characteristically having five pairs of locomotor appendages each joined to a segment of the thorax
           subtype:  #crab  decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers
              subtype:  #Menippe_mercenaria__stone_crab__stonecrab  large edible crab of S coat of United States especially Florida
              subtype:  #hard-shell_crab  edible crab that has not recently molted and so has a hard shell
              subtype:  #soft-shell_crab__soft-shelled_crab  edible crab that has recently molted and not yet formed its new shell
              subtype:  #Cancer_magister__Dungeness_crab  small edible crab of Pacific coast of North America
              subtype:  #rock_crab__Cancer_irroratus  crab of eastern coast of North America
              subtype:  #Jonah_crab__Cancer_borealis  large red deep-water crab of the eastern coast of North America
              subtype:  #swimming_crab  marine crab with some legs flattened and fringed for swimming
                 subtype:  #English_lady_crab__Portunus_puber  crab of the English coasts
                 subtype:  #American_lady_crab__lady_crab__calico_crab__Ovalipes_ocellatus  brightly spotted crab of sandy beaches of the United States Atlantic coast
                 subtype:  #Callinectes_sapidus__blue_crab  bluish edible crab of Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
              subtype:  #fiddler_crab__fiddlercrab  burrowing crab of American coastal regions having one claw much enlarged in the male
              subtype:  #pea_crab__peacrab  tiny soft-bodied crab living commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve mollusks
                 subtype:  #oyster_crab__Pinnotheres_ostreum  tiny soft-bodied crab living within the mantle cavity of oysters
              subtype:  #Paralithodes_camtschatica__king_crab__Alaska_crab__Alaskan_king_crab__Alaska_king_crab  large edible crab of North Pacific waters especially along the coasts of Alaska and Japan
              subtype:  #spider_crab  any of numerous crabs with very long legs and small triangular bodies
                 subtype:  #European_spider_crab__king_crab__Maja_squinado  large European spider crab
                 subtype:  #giant_crab__giantcrab__Macrocheira_kaempferi  very large deep-water Japanese crab
           subtype:  #lobster  any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae
              subtype:  #true_lobster  large edible marine crustaceans having large pincers on the first pair of legs
                 subtype:  #Homarus_americanus__American_lobster__Northern_lobster__Maine_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of America
                 subtype:  #Homarus_vulgaris__European_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of Europe
                 subtype:  #Cape_lobster__Homarus_capensis  small lobster of southern Africa
              subtype:  #Norway_lobster__Nephrops_norvegicus  edible European lobster resembling the American lobster but slenderer
              subtype:  #crawfish__spiny_lobster__spinylobster__langouste__rock_lobster__crayfish__sea_crawfish__seacrawfish  large edible marine crustacean having a spiny carapace but lacking the large pincers of true lobsters
           subtype:  #crawdaddy__crayfish__crawfish__crawdad  small freshwater decapod crustacean that resembles a lobster
              subtype:  #Old_World_crayfish__ecrevisse  small crayfish of Europe and Asia and western North America
              subtype:  #American_crayfish  common large crayfishes of eastern North America
           subtype:  #hermit_crab  small soft-bodied marine crustaceans living in cast-off shells of gastropods
           subtype:  #shrimp  small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible
              subtype:  #snapping_shrimp__pistol_shrimp  small shrimp that makes a snapping noise with one of their enlarged chelae
           subtype:  #prawn  shrimp-like decapod crustacean having two pairs of pincers; most are edible
              subtype:  #long-clawed_prawn__river_prawn__Palaemon_australis  large (a foot or more) edible freshwater prawn common in Australian rivers
           subtype:  #tropical_prawn  edible tropical and warm-water prawn
        subtype:  #brachyuran  typical crabs
        subtype:  #stomatopod_crustacean__stomatopod  a kind of crustacean
           subtype:  #mantis_shrimp__mantis_crab  tropical marine burrowing crustaceans with large grasping appendages
              subtype:  #squilla__mantis_prawn  a kind of mantis shrimp
        subtype:  #branchiopod_crustacean__branchiopodcrustacean__branchiopod__branchiopodan  aquatic crustaceans typically having a carapace and many pairs of leaflike appendages used for swimming as well as respiration and feeding
           subtype:  #daphnia__water_flea__waterflea  minute freshwater crustacean having a round body enclosed in a transparent shell; moves about like a flea by means of hairy branched antennae
           subtype:  #fairy_shrimp__fairyshrimp  small freshwater branchiopod having a transparent body with many appendages; swims on its back
           subtype:  #brine_shrimp__brineshrimp__Artemia_salina  common to saline lakes
           subtype:  #tadpole_shrimp__tadpoleshrimp  a kind of branchiopod crustacean
        subtype:  #copepod_crustacean__copepodcrustacean__copepod  minute marine or fresh-water crustaceans usually having six pairs of limbs on the thorax; some abundant in plankton and others parasitic on fish
           subtype:  #brit__britt  minute crustaceans forming food for right whales
           subtype:  #cyclops__cyclop__water_flea__waterflea  minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming; important in some food chains and as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that affect man e.g. Guinea worms
           subtype:  #fish_louse  a kind of copepod
        subtype:  #seed_shrimp__mussel_shrimp__ostracod  tiny marine and freshwater crustaceans with a shrimp-like body enclosed in a bivalve shell
        subtype:  #barnacle__cerriped__cerripede  marine crustaceans with feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae; as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces
           subtype:  #acorn_barnacle__acornbarnacle__rock_barnacle__Balanus_balanoides  barnacle that attaches to rocks especially in intertidal zones
           subtype:  #goose_barnacle__goosebarnacle__lepasfasciculari  stalked barnacle that attaches to ship bottoms or floating timbers
     subtype:  #onychophoran__velvet_worm__peripatus__peripatu  any of numerous velvety-skinned wormlike carnivorous animals common in tropical forests having characteristics of both arthropods and annelid worms
        subtype:  #Plicatoperipatus_jamaicensis  a kind of onychophoran
     subtype:  #insect  small air-breathing arthropod
        subtype:  #defoliator  an insect that strips the leaves from plants
        subtype:  #pollinator  an insect that carries pollen from one flower to another
        subtype:  #gallfly  any of various insects that deposit their eggs in plants causing galls in which the larvae feed
        subtype:  #mecopteran  any of various carnivorous insects of the order Mecoptera
           subtype:  #scorpion_fly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Panorpidae of the northern hemisphere having a long beak and long antennae; males have a tail like that of a scorpion except it is not venomous
           subtype:  #hanging_fly__hangingfly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Bittacidae
        subtype:  #collembolan__springtail  any of numerous minute wingless primitive insects possessing a special abdominal appendage that allows the characteristic nearly perpetual springing pattern; found in soil rich in organic debris or on the surface of snow or water
        subtype:  #proturan__telsontail  any of several minute primitive wingless and eyeless insects having a cone-shaped head; inhabit damp soil or decaying organic matter
        subtype:  #beetle  insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings
           subtype:  #tiger_beetle__tigerbeetle  active usually bright-colored beetle that preys on other insects
           subtype:  #ladybug__lady_beetle__ladybird__ladybird_beetle  small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests
              subtype:  #two-spotted_ladybug__twospottedladybug__Adalia_bipunctata  red ladybug with a black spot on each wing
              subtype:  #Mexican_bean_beetle__bean_beetle__Epilachna_varivestis  introduced into the United States from Mexico; feeds on the foliage of the bean plant
              subtype:  #Hippodamia_convergens  a variety of ladybug
              subtype:  #vedalia__Rodolia_cardinalis  native to Australia; introduced elsewhere to control scale insects
           subtype:  #ground_beetle__carabid_beetle__carabidbeetle  predacious shining black or metallic terrestrial beetle that destroys many injurious insects
              subtype:  #bombardier_beetle  beetle that ejects audibly a pungent vapor when disturbed
              subtype:  #calosoma  any beetle of the genus Calosoma
                 subtype:  #searcher_beetle__searcher__Calosoma_scrutator  large metallic blue-green beetle that preys on caterpillars; North America
           subtype:  #lightning_bug__lightningbug__firefly  nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs
              subtype:  #glowworm  the luminous larva or wingless grub-like female of a firefly
           subtype:  #long-horned_beetle__longicorn__longicorn_beetle__longicornbeetle  long-bodied beetle having very long antennae
              subtype:  #sawyer_beetle__sawyer  any of several beetles whose larvae bore holes in dead or dying trees especially conifers
                 subtype:  #pine_sawyer  large beetle whose larvae bore holes in pine trees
           subtype:  #leaf_beetle__chrysomelid  brightly colored beetle that feeds on plant leaves; larvae infest roots and stems
              subtype:  #flea_beetle__fleabeetle  any small leaf beetle having enlarged hind legs and capable of jumping
              subtype:  #Colorado_potato_beetle__Colorado_beetle__potato_bug__potato_beetle__Leptinotarsa_decemlineata  black-and-yellow beetle that feeds in adult and larval stages on potato leaves; originally of eastern Rocky Mountains; now worldwide
           subtype:  #carpet_beetle__carpet_bug  small beetle whose larvae are household pests feeding on woolen fabrics
              subtype:  #buffalo_carpet_beetle__Anthrenus_scrophulariae  a small black and red and white carpet beetle
              subtype:  #black_carpet_beetle  a solid black carpet beetle
           subtype:  #clerid_beetle__clerid  predacious on other insects; usually brightly colored or metallic
              subtype:  #bee_beetle__beebeetle  European beetle; infests beehives
           subtype:  #lamellicorn_beetle__lamellicornbeetle  beetle having antennae with hard platelike terminal segments
              subtype:  #scarabaeid_beetle__scarabaeid__scarabaean  any of numerous species of stout-bodied beetles having heads with horny spikes
                 subtype:  #dung_beetle  any of numerous beetles that roll balls of dung on which they feed and in which they lay eggs
                    subtype:  #scarab__scarabaeus__Scarabaeus_sacer  scarabaeid beetle considered divine by ancient Egyptians
                    subtype:  #tumblebug  any of various dung beetles
                    subtype:  #dorbeetle  Old World dung beetle that flies with a droning sound
                 subtype:  #June_beetle__June_bug__May_bug__May_beetle  any of various large usually brown North American leaf-eating beetles common in late spring; the larvae feed on roots of grasses etc.
                    subtype:  #green_June_beetle__figeater  large greenish June beetle of southern United States
                 subtype:  #Japanese_beetle__Popillia_japonica  small metallic green and brown beetle native to eastern Asia; serious plant pest in North America
                 subtype:  #Oriental_beetle__Asiatic_beetle__Anomala_orientalis  introduced into United States from the Orient; larvae feed on roots of sugarcane and other grasses
                 subtype:  #rhinoceros_beetle  any of various large chiefly tropical beetles having horns on the head; pest on coconuts
                 subtype:  #melolonthid_beetle__melolonthidbeetle  any of various beetles of the family (or subfamily) Melolonthidae
                    subtype:  #cockchafer__May_bug__May_beetle__Melolontha_melolontha  any of various large European beetles destructive to vegetation as both larvae and adult
                    subtype:  #rose_bug__rose_chafer__Macrodactylus_subspinosus  common North American beetle: larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
                 subtype:  #rose_chafer__rose_beetle__Cetonia_aurata  a common metallic green European beetle: larvae feed on plant roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. roses
              subtype:  #stag_beetle  the male has branched mandibles resembling antlers
           subtype:  #elaterid_beetle__elater__elaterid  any of various widely distributed beetles
              subtype:  #click_beetle__clickbeetle__skipjack__snapping_beetle  able to right itself when on its back by flipping into the air with a clicking sound
              subtype:  #firefly__fire_beetle__Pyrophorus_noctiluca  tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots
           subtype:  #water_beetle__waterbeetle  any of numerous aquatic beetles usually having a smooth oval body and flattened hind legs for swimming
           subtype:  #whirligig_beetle__whirligigbeetle  aquatic beetle that circles rapidly on the water surface
           subtype:  #deathwatch_beetle__deathwatch__Xestobium_rufovillosum  bores through wood making a ticking sound popularly thought to presage death
           subtype:  #weevil  any of several families of mostly small beetles that feed on plants and plant products; especially snout weevils and seed weevils
              subtype:  #snout_beetle__snoutbeetle  small weevil having a prolonged snout; destructive to e.g. grains and nuts
              subtype:  #boll_weevil__Anthonomus_grandis  grayish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton
              subtype:  #darkling_beetle__darkling_groung_beetle__tenebrionid  sluggish hard-bodied black terrestrial weevil whose larvae feed on e.g. decaying plant material or grain
                 subtype:  #flour_beetle__flourbeetle__flour_weevil__flourweevil  infests flour and stored grains
              subtype:  #seed_beetle__seed_weevil  infests the seeds of legumes
                 subtype:  #pea_weevil__peaweevil__Bruchus_pisorum  larvae live in and feed on seeds of the pea plant
                 subtype:  #bean_weevil__Acanthoscelides_obtectus  larvae live in and feed on growing or stored beans
              subtype:  #rice_weevil__black_weevil__blackweevil__Sitophylus_oryzae  brown weevil that infests stored grain especially rice
           subtype:  #blister_beetle__blisterbeetle__meloid  beetle that produces a secretion that blisters the skin
              subtype:  #oil_beetle__oilbeetle  any of various beetles that exude an oily substance from the leg joints that deters enemies
              subtype:  #Spanish_fly  green beetle of southern Europe
           subtype:  #bark_beetle  small beetle that bores tunnels in the bark and wood of trees; related to weevils
              subtype:  #Dutch-elm_beetle__Scolytus_multistriatus  a vector of the fungus causing Dutch elm disease
           subtype:  #rove_beetle  active beetle typically having predatory or scavenging habits
        subtype:  #web_spinner__webspinner  any of a small order of slender typically tropical insects that nest in colonies in silken tunnels that they spin
        subtype:  #sucking_louse__suckinglouse__louse  wingless usually flattened blood-sucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals
           subtype:  #common_louse__Pediculus_humanus  head or body louse
           subtype:  #head_louse__Pediculus_capitis  infests the head and body of humans
           subtype:  #body_louse__cootie__Pediculus_corporis  a parasitic louse that infests the body of human beings
           subtype:  #crab_louse__pubic_louse__pubiclouse__crab__Phthirius_pubis  infests the pubic region of the human body
        subtype:  #bird_louse__biting_louse__louse  wingless insect with mouth parts adapted for biting; mostly parasitic on birds
           subtype:  #chicken_louse__chickenlouse__shaft_louse__shaftlouse__Menopon_palladum__Menopon_gallinae  parasitic on poultry
        subtype:  #flea  any wingless blood-sucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap
           subtype:  #Pulex_irritans  the most common flea attacking humans
           subtype:  #dog_flea__dogflea__Ctenocephalides_canis  flea that attacks dogs and cats
           subtype:  #cat_flea__catflea__Ctenocephalides_felis  flea that breeds chiefly on cats and dogs and rats
           subtype:  #chigoe_flea__chigoe__chigger__Tunga_penetrans  small tropical flea; the fertile female burrows under the skin of the host including humans
           subtype:  #sticktight_flea__sticktight__Echidnophaga_gallinacea  parasitic on especially the heads of chickens
        subtype:  #dipterous_insect__dipterousinsect__two-winged_insects__dipteran__dipteron  insects having usually a single pair of functional wings (anterior pair) with the posterior pair reduced to small knobbed structures and mouth parts adapted for sucking or lapping or piercing
           subtype:  #gall_midge__gallfly__gallgnat  fragile mosquito-like flies that produce galls on plants
              subtype:  #Hessian_fly__Mayetiola_destructor  small fly whose larvae damage wheat and other grains
           subtype:  #fly  two-winged insects characterized by active flight
              subtype:  #housefly__Musca_domestica  common fly that frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases
              subtype:  #tsetse_fly__tsetse__tzetze_fly__tzetze__glossina  blood-sucking African fly; transmits sleeping sickness etc.
              subtype:  #blowfly__blow_fly  large usually hairy metallic blue or green fly; lays eggs in carrion or dung or wounds
                 subtype:  #Calliphora_vicina__bluebottle  blowfly with iridescent blue body; makes a loud buzzing noise in flight
                 subtype:  #greenbottle_fly__greenbottle  blowfly with brilliant coppery green body
              subtype:  #flesh_fly__fleshfly__Sarcophaga_carnaria  fly whose larvae feed on carrion or the flesh of living animals
              subtype:  #tachina_fly__tachinafly  bristly fly whose larvae live parasitically in caterpillars and other insects; important in control of noxious insects
              subtype:  #gadfly  any of various large flies that annoy livestock
                 subtype:  #botfly  stout-bodied hairy dipterous fly whose larvae are parasites on humans and other mammals
                    subtype:  #horse_botfly__horsebotfly__Gasterophilus_intestinalis  parasitic chiefly on horses
                    subtype:  #human_botfly__humanbotfly__dermatobiahomini  large tropical American fly; parasitic on humans and other mammals
                    subtype:  #sheep_botfly__sheepbotfly__sheep_gadfly__sheepgadfly__Oestrus_ovis  larvae are parasitic on sheep
                 subtype:  #warble_fly  hairy bee-like fly whose larvae produce lumpy abscesses (warbles) under the skin of cattle
                 subtype:  #horsefly__cleg__clegg__horse_fly__horsefly  large swift fly the female of which sucks blood of various animals
              subtype:  #bee_fly__beefly  hairy nectar-eating fly that resembles a bee; larvae are parasitic on larvae of bees and related insects
              subtype:  #horn_fly__Haematobia_irritans  small black European fly introduced into North America; sucks blood from cattle especially at the base of the horn
           subtype:  #robber_fly__bee_killer__beekiller  swift predatory fly having a strong body like a bee with the proboscis hardened for sucking juices of other insects captured on the wing
           subtype:  #fruit_fly__fruitfly__pomace_fly  any of numerous small insects whose larvae feed on fruits
              subtype:  #apple_maggot__applemaggot__railroad_worm__Rhagoletis_pomonella  larvae bore into and feed on apples
              subtype:  #Mediterranean_fruit_fly__medfly__Ceratitis_capitata  small black-and-white fly that damages citrus and other fruits by implanting eggs that hatch inside the fruit
              subtype:  #drosophila__Drosophila_melanogaster  small fly used in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance
              subtype:  #vinegar_fly  flies whose larvae feed on pickles and imperfectly sealed preserves
           subtype:  #louse_fly__lousefly__hippoboscid  blood-sucking dipterous fly parasitic on birds and mammals
              subtype:  #horse_tick__horsetick__horsefly__Hippobosca_equina  winged fly parasitic on horses
              subtype:  #sheep_ked__sheepked__sheeptick__sheeptick__melophagusovinu  wingless fly that is an external parasite on sheep and cattle
           subtype:  #mosquito  two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals
              subtype:  #gnat.mosquito  British usage
              subtype:  #yellow-fever_mosquito__Aedes_aegypti  mosquito that transmits yellow fever and dengue
              subtype:  #Asian_tiger_mosquito__Aedes_albopictus  striped native of Japan thriving in United States southeast and midwest and spreading to the Caribbean; potential carrier of serious diseases
              subtype:  #anopheline  any mosquito of the genus Anopheles
              subtype:  #malarial_mosquito__malaria_mosquito__malariamosquito  transmits the malaria parasite
              subtype:  #common_mosquito__Culex_pipiens  common house mosquito
              subtype:  #Culex_quinquefasciatus__Culex_fatigans  widespread tropical mosquito that transmits filarial worms
           subtype:  #gnat  any of various small biting flies: midges; biting midges; black flies; sand flies
              subtype:  #punkie__punky__punkey__no-see-um__biting_midge  minute two-winged insect that sucks the blood of mammals and birds and other insects
              subtype:  #midge  minute two-winged mosquito-like fly lacking biting mouthparts; appear in dancing swarms especially near water
              subtype:  #psychodid  a fly of the family Psychodidae
              subtype:  #sand_fly__Phlebotomus_papatasii  blood-sucking females can transmit sandfly fever
              subtype:  #black_fly__blackfly__buffalo_gnat__buffalognat  small blackish stout-bodied biting fly having aquatic larvae; sucks the blood of birds as well as humans and other mammals
           subtype:  #fungus_gnat  mosquito-like insect whose larvae feed on fungi or decaying vegetation
           subtype:  #sciara__fungus_gnat__sciarid  minute blackish gregarious flies destructive to mushrooms and seedlings
              subtype:  #armyworm  larva of fungus gnat; march in large companies in regular order
           subtype:  #crane_fly__cranefly__daddy_longlegs  long-legged slender flies that resemble large mosquitoes but do not bite
        subtype:  #leaf_miner__leafminer  any of various small moths or dipterous flies whose larvae burrow into and feed on leaf tissue especially of the family Gracilariidae
        subtype:  #hymenopterous_insect__hymenopterousinsect__hymenopteran__hymenopteron__hymenopter  insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing
           subtype:  #bee  any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species
              subtype:  #drone  stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen
              subtype:  #honeybee__Apis_mellifera  social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces
                 subtype:  #Africanized_bee__Africanized_honey_bee__killer_bee__Apis_mellifera_scutellata__Apis_mellifera_adansonii  a strain of bees that originated in Brazil in the 1950s as a cross between an aggressive African bee and a honeybee; retains most of the traits of the African bee; now spread as far north as Texas
                 subtype:  #black_bee__blackbee__German_bee  dark-colored ill-tempered honeybee supposedly of German origin
                 subtype:  #Carniolan_bee  grayish highly productive European honeybee that has a quiet disposition
                 subtype:  #Italian_bee  yellowish honeybee resembling the Carniolan bee in its habits
              subtype:  #carpenter_bee__carpenterbee  large solitary bee that lays eggs in tunnels bored into wood or plant stems
              subtype:  #bumblebee__humblebee  robust hairy social bee of temperate regions
              subtype:  #cuckoo-bumblebee  a bee that is parasitic in the nests of bumblebees
              subtype:  #andrena__andrenid__mining_bee  a bee that is a a member of the genus Andrena
              subtype:  #Nomia_melanderi__alkali_bee  a common solitary bee important for pollinating alfalfa in the western United States
              subtype:  #leaf-cutting_bee__leaf-cutter__leaf-cutter_bee  bee that cuts rounded pieces from leaves and flowers to line its nest
              subtype:  #mason_bee__masonbee  any of numerous solitary bees that build nests of hardened mud and sand
              subtype:  #potter_bee  solitary bee that builds nests of mud or pebbles cemented together and attached to a plant
           subtype:  #wasp  social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting
              subtype:  #vespid_wasp__vespid  mostly social nest-building wasps
                 subtype:  #paper_wasp__paperwasp  any of several social wasps that construct nests of a substance like paper
                    subtype:  #Polistes_annularis  a variety of paper wasp
                 subtype:  #hornet  large stinging paper wasp
                    subtype:  #giant_hornet__gianthornet__Vespa_crabro  European hornet introduced into the United States
                    subtype:  #bald-faced_hornet__white-faced_hornet__whitefacedhornet__Vespula_maculata  North American hornet
                    subtype:  #yellow_jacket__yellow_hornet__Vespula_maculifrons  small yellow-marked social wasp commonly nesting in the ground
                 subtype:  #common_wasp__Vespula_vulgaris  a variety of vespid wasp
                 subtype:  #mason_wasp__masonwasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct nests of hardened mud for their young
                 subtype:  #potter_wasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct vase-shaped cells of mud for their eggs
              subtype:  #sphecoid_wasp__sphecoid  any of various solitary wasps
                 subtype:  #mason_wasp.sphecoid_wasp__masonwasp  solitary wasp that constructs nests of hardened mud or clay for the young
                 subtype:  #digger_wasp  solitary wasp that digs nests in the soil and stocks them with paralyzed insects for the larvae
                    subtype:  #cicada_killer__Sphecius_speciosis  large black or rust-colored wasp that preys on cicadas
                 subtype:  #mud_dauber__muddauber  wasp that constructs mud cells on a solid base in which females place eggs laid in paralyzed insect larvae
              subtype:  #cynipid_gall_wasp__gall_wasp__gallfly__cynipidwasp  small solitary wasp that produces galls on oaks and other plants
           subtype:  #chalcid_fly__chalcidfly__chalcid__chalcid_wasp__chalcidwasp  any of various tiny insects whose larvae are parasites on eggs and larvae of other insects; many are beneficial in destroying injurious insects
              subtype:  #chalcis_fly__chalcisfly  a variety of chalcid fly
           subtype:  #ichneumon_fly__ichneumonfly  hymenopterous insect that resembles a wasp and whose larvae are parasitic on caterpillars and other insect larvae
           subtype:  #sawfly  insect whose female has a saw-like ovipositor for inserting eggs into the leaf or stem tissue of a host plant
              subtype:  #birch_leaf_miner__Fenusa_pusilla  small black sawfly native to Europe but established in eastern United States; larvae mine the leaves of birches causing serious defoliation
           subtype:  #ant__emmet__pismire  social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers
              subtype:  #pharaoh_ant__pharaohant__pharaoh's_ant__pharaoh'sant__Monomorium_pharaonis  small red ant of warm regions; a common household pest
              subtype:  #little_black_ant__Monomorium_minimum  tiny glossy black ant; nests outdoors but invades houses for food
              subtype:  #army_ant__driver_ant__legionary_ant__legionaryant  tropical nomadic ant that preys mainly on other insects
              subtype:  #carpenter_ant__carpenterant  ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs
              subtype:  #fire_ant  omnivorous ant of tropical and subtropical America that can inflict a painful sting
              subtype:  #wood_ant__Formica_rufa  reddish-brown European ant typically living in anthills in woodlands
              subtype:  #slave_ant__slaveant  any of various ants captured as larvae and enslaved by another species
                 subtype:  #Formica_fusca  an ant frequently enslaved
              subtype:  #slave-making_ant__slave-maker__slavemaker  an ant that attacks colonies of other ant species and carries off the young to be reared as slaves
                 subtype:  #sanguinary_ant__Formica_sanguinea  slave-making ant widely distributed over the northern hemisphere
                 subtype:  #Amazon_ant__Polyergus_rufescens  small reddish slave-making ant species
              subtype:  #bulldog_ant__bulldogant  any of the large fierce Australian ants of the genus Myrmecia
        subtype:  #worker.insect  sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
           subtype:  #soldier.worker  a wingless sterile ant or termite having a large head and powerful jaws adapted for defending the colony
           subtype:  #worker_bee  sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive
        subtype:  #termite__white_ant__whiteant  whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood
           subtype:  #Reticulitermes_flanipes  destructive United States termite
           subtype:  #Reticulitermes_lucifugus  destructive European termite
           subtype:  #Mastotermes_darwiniensis  Australian termite; sole living species of Mastotermes; called a living fossil; apparent missing link between cockroaches and termites
           subtype:  #Mastotermes_electromexicus  extinct termite found in amber in S Mexico
           subtype:  #Mastotermes_electrodominicus  extinct termite found in amber in the Dominican Republic
           subtype:  #powder-post_termite__Cryptotermes_brevis  extremely destructive dry-wood termite of warm regions
        subtype:  #orthopterous_insect__orthopteron__orthopteran  any of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthparts
           subtype:  #grasshopper.orthopterous_insect__hopper  terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping
              subtype:  #short-horned_grasshopper__acridid  grasshopper with short antennae
                 subtype:  #locust  migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae
                    subtype:  #migratory_locust__migratorylocust__Locusta_migratoria  Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation
                    subtype:  #migratory_grasshopper__migratorygrasshopper  serious pest of grain-growing and range areas of central and western United States
              subtype:  #long-horned_grasshopper__tettigoniid  grasshoppers with long threadlike antennae and well-developed stridulating organs on the forewings of the male
                 subtype:  #katydid  large green long-horned grasshopper of North America; males produce shrill sounds by rubbing together special organs on the forewings
                    subtype:  #mormon_cricket__Anabrus_simplex  large dark wingless cricket-like katydid of arid parts of western United States
                 subtype:  #sand_cricket__Jerusalem_cricket__Stenopelmatus_fuscus  large wingless nocturnal grasshopper that burrows in loose soil along the United States Pacific coast
           subtype:  #cricket.orthopterous_insect  leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together
              subtype:  #mole_cricket  digs in moist soil and feeds on plant roots
              subtype:  #European_house_cricket__Acheta_domestica  lives in human dwellings; naturalized in parts of America
              subtype:  #field_cricket__fieldcricket__Acheta_assimilis  common American black cricket; attacks crops and also enters dwellings
              subtype:  #tree_cricket  pale arboreal American cricket noted for loud stridulation
                 subtype:  #snowy_tree_cricket__Oecanthus_fultoni  pale yellowish tree cricket widely distributed in North America
        subtype:  #phasmid_insect__phasmidinsect__phasmid  large cylindrical or flattened mostly tropical insects with long strong legs that feed on plants; walking sticks and leaf insects
           subtype:  #walkingstick__walking_stick__walkingstick__stick_insect__stickinsect  any of various mostly tropical insects having long twiglike bodies
              subtype:  #diapheromera__Diapheromera_femorata  a variety of stick insect
           subtype:  #walking_leaf__walkingleaf__leaf_insect  tropical insect having a flattened leaflike body; common in southern Asia and the East Indies
        subtype:  #dictyopterous_insect__dictyopterousinsect  cockroaches and mantids
           subtype:  #cockroach__roach  any of numerous chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests
              subtype:  #oriental_cockroach__oriental_roach__Asiatic_cockroach__blackbeetle__Blatta_orientalis  dark brown cockroach originally from orient now nearly cosmopolitan in distribution
              subtype:  #American_cockroach__Periplaneta_americana  large reddish brown free-flying cockroach originally from southern United States but now widely distributed
              subtype:  #Australian_cockroach__Periplaneta_australasiae  widely distributed in warm countries
              subtype:  #German_cockroach__Croton_bug__water_bug__waterbug__Blattella_germanica  small light-brown cockroach brought to United States from Europe; a common household pest
              subtype:  #giant_cockroach__giantcockroach  large tropical American cockroaches
           subtype:  #mantis__mantid  predacious long-bodied large-eyed insect of warm regions; rests with forelimbs raised as in prayer
              subtype:  #praying_mantis__praying_mantid__prayingmantid__Mantis_religioso  the common mantis
        subtype:  #bug  general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate
        subtype:  #hemipterous_insect__hemipterousinsect__bug__hemipteran__hemipteron  insects with sucking mouthparts and forewings thickened and leathery at the base; usually show incomplete metamorphosis
           subtype:  #leaf_bug__plant_bug__plantbug  small bright-colored insect that feeds on plant juices
              subtype:  #mirid_bug__miridbug__mirid__capsid  a variety of leaf bug
                 subtype:  #four-lined_plant_bug__four-lined_leaf_bug__Poecilocapsus_lineatus  yellow or orange leaf bug with four black stripes down the back; widespread in central and eastern North America
                 subtype:  #lygus_bug__lygusbug  vector of viral plant diseases
                    subtype:  #tarnished_plant_bug__Lygus_lineolaris  widespread plant and fruit pest
              subtype:  #lace_bug  small bug having body and wings covered with a lacy network of raised lines
           subtype:  #lygaeid_bug__lygaeidbug__lygaeid  a true bug: usually bright-colored; pest of cultivated crops and some fruit trees
              subtype:  #chinch_bug__Blissus_leucopterus  small black-and-white insect that feeds on cereal grasses
           subtype:  #coreid_bug__coreid  a true bug
              subtype:  #squash_bug__Anasa_tristis  large black American bug that sucks sap of vines of the gourd family
              subtype:  #leaf-footed_bug__leaf-foot_bug  large sap-sucking bug with leaflike expansions on the legs
           subtype:  #bedbug__bed_bug__bedbug__chinch__Cimex_lectularius  bug of temperate regions that infests especially beds and feeds on human blood
           subtype:  #backswimmer__Notonecta_undulata  predaceous aquatic insect that swims on its back and may inflict painful bites
           subtype:  #true_bug  any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and especially of the suborder Heteroptera
        subtype:  #heteropterous_insect__heteropterousinsect  true bugs: insects whose forewings are membranous but have leathery tips
           subtype:  #water_bug__waterbug  a true bug: large aquatic bug adapted to living in or on the surface of water
              subtype:  #giant_water_bug  large water bug with piercing and sucking mouthparts; feeds on young fishes
              subtype:  #water_scorpion__waterscorpion  long-legged aquatic insect having the front legs fitted for seizing and holding prey and the abdomen extended by a long breathing tube
              subtype:  #water_boatman__waterboatman__boat_bug  carnivorous aquatic bug having paddle-like hind legs
              subtype:  #water_strider__waterstrider__pond-skater__water_skater__waterskater  long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water
                 subtype:  #common_pond-skater__Gerris_lacustris  a variety of water strider
           subtype:  #assassin_bug__reduviid  a true bug: long-legged predacious bug living mostly on other insects; a few suck blood of mammals
              subtype:  #conenose_bug__conenose__cone-nosed_bug__big_bedbug__bigbedbug__kissing_bug__kissingbug  large bloodsucking bug
              subtype:  #wheel_bug__wheelbug__Arilus_cristatus  large predatory North American bug that sucks the blood of other insects
           subtype:  #firebug  a true bug: brightly colored bug that can exude a stain
           subtype:  #cotton_stainer  a true bug: bug that damages and stains the lint of developing cotton
        subtype:  #homopterous_insect__homopterousinsect__homopteran  insects having membranous forewings and hind wings
           subtype:  #whitefly  minute insect that feeds on plant juices; related to scale insects
              subtype:  #citrus_whitefly__Dialeurodes_citri  whitefly that attacks citrus trees
              subtype:  #greenhouse_whitefly__Trialeurodes_vaporariorum  whitefly that inhabits greenhouses
              subtype:  #sweet-potato_whitefly  a variety of whitefly
                 subtype:  #superbug__Bemisia_tabaci__poinsettia_strain  a strain accidentally imported into Florida from the Middle East then spread to California where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias
                 subtype:  #cotton_strain  feeds primarily on cotton
           subtype:  #coccid_insect  scale insects and mealybugs
              subtype:  #scale_insect__scaleinsect  small homopterous insect that usually lives and feeds on plants and secretes a protective waxy covering
                 subtype:  #soft_scale  an insect active in all stages
                    subtype:  #brown_soft_scale__Coccus_hesperidum  pest on citrus trees
                 subtype:  #wax_insect__waxinsect  any of various insects that secrete a waxy substance
                 subtype:  #armored_scale__armoredscale  insect having a firm covering of wax especially in the female
                    subtype:  #San_Jose_scale__Aspidiotus_perniciosus  small east Asian insect naturalized in the United States that damages fruit trees
                 subtype:  #cochineal_insect__cochinealinsect__cochineal__Dactylopius_coccus  Mexican red scale insect that feeds on cacti; the source of a red dye
              subtype:  #mealybug__mealy_bug__mealybug  scale-like plant-eating insect coated with a powdery waxy secretion; destructive especially of fruit trees
                 subtype:  #citrophilous_mealybug__citrophilus_mealybug__citrophilusmealybug__pseudococcusfragili  destructive especially to citrus
                 subtype:  #Comstock_mealybug__Comstock's_mealybug__Pseudococcus_comstocki  Asiatic insect introduced accidentally into United States; pest on citrus and apple trees
                 subtype:  #citrus_mealybug__citrusmealybug__Planococcus_citri  feeds on a wide variety of cultivated plants but especially destructive to citrus
           subtype:  #plant_louse__louse  any of several small insects especially aphids that feed by sucking the juices from plants
              subtype:  #aphid  any of various small plant-sucking insects
                 subtype:  #green_apple_aphid__greenappleaphid__apple_aphid__appleaphid__Aphis_pomi  bright green aphid; feeds on and causes curling of apple leaves
                 subtype:  #blackfly__bean_aphid__Aphis_fabae  blackish aphid that infests e.g. beans and sugar beets
                 subtype:  #greenfly  greenish aphid; pest on garden and crop plants
                    subtype:  #green_peach_aphid__greenpeachaphid  yellowish green aphid that is especially destructive to peaches
                    subtype:  #pale_chrysanthemum_aphid  important pest of chrysanthemums
                 subtype:  #ant_cow__antcow  excretes a honeylike substance eaten by ants
                 subtype:  #woolly_aphid__woolly_plant_louse  secretes a waxy substance like a mass of fine curly white cotton or woolly threads
                    subtype:  #woolly_apple_aphid__American_blight__Eriosoma_lanigerum  primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees
                    subtype:  #woolly_alder_aphid__Prociphilus_tessellatus  attacks alders
              subtype:  #adelgid  any of various insects that feed and form galls on conifers
                 subtype:  #balsam_woolly_aphid__Adelges_piceae  a variety of adelgid
                 subtype:  #spruce_gall_aphid__Adelges_abietis  a variety of adelgid
                 subtype:  #pine_leaf_aphid__Pineus_pinifoliae  a variety of adelgid
                 subtype:  #woolly_adelgid  an insect that feeds on hemlocks; its egg sacs are small fuzzy white balls like artificial snow on a Christmas tree
              subtype:  #grape_louse__grapelouse__grape_phylloxera__grapephylloxera__Phylloxera_vitifoleae  destructive to various grape plants
              subtype:  #jumping_plant_louse__psylla__psyllid  small active cicada-like insect with hind legs adapted for leaping; feeds on plant juices
              subtype:  #oak_blight__oakblight  a black plant louse that lives on oaks and dogwoods
           subtype:  #cicada__cicala  stout-bodied insect with large membranous wings; male has drum-like organs for producing a high-pitched drone
              subtype:  #dog-day_cicada__dogdaycicada__harvest_fly__harvestfly  its distinctive song is heard during July and August
              subtype:  #seventeen-year_locust__periodical_cicada__Magicicada_septendecim  North American cicada; appears in great numbers at infrequent intervals because the nymphs take 13' to 17' years to mature
           subtype:  #spittle_insect__spittleinsect__spittlebug  small leaping herbivorous insect that lives in a mass of protective froth which it and its larvae secrete
              subtype:  #froghopper  a variety of spittlebug
              subtype:  #meadow_spittlebug__Philaenus_spumarius  North American insect that severely damages grasses
              subtype:  #pine_spittlebug  North American insect that attacks pines
              subtype:  #Saratoga_spittlebug__Aphrophora_saratogensis  feeds on pines in northern United States
           subtype:  #leafhopper  small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants
              subtype:  #jassid  a variety of leafhopper
           subtype:  #plant_hopper__planthopper__planthopper  related to the leafhoppers and spittlebugs but rarely damages cultivated plants
              subtype:  #treehopper  small leaping insect that sucks juices of branches and twigs
              subtype:  #lantern_fly__lanternfly  large brightly marked tropical insect with a process like a snout that was formerly thought to emit light
        subtype:  #psocopterous_insect  small soft-bodied insect with chewing mouthparts and either no wings or two pairs
           subtype:  #psocid  small winged insect living on the bark and leaves of trees and feeding on e.g. fungi and decaying plant matter
              subtype:  #barklouse__bark_louse  any of several insects living on the bark of plants
           subtype:  #booklouse__Liposcelis_divinatorius  minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers
              subtype:  #common_booklouse__Trogium_pulsatorium  a variety of booklouse
        subtype:  #ephemerid__ephemeropteran  short-lived insect
           subtype:  #Plectophera  in some former classifications: name for the Ephemeroptera
           subtype:  #mayfly__dayfly__shadfly  slender insect with delicate membranous wings having an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage usually lasting less than two days
        subtype:  #stonefly__stone_fly__stonefly__plecopteran  primitive winged insect with a flattened body; used as bait by fishermen; aquatic gilled larvae are carnivorous and live beneath stones
        subtype:  #neuropteron__neuropteran__neuropterous_insect  insect having biting mouthparts and four large membranous wings with netlike veins
           subtype:  #antlion_fly__antlionfly__ant_lion__antlion  winged insect resembling a dragonfly; the larvae (doodlebugs) dig conical pits where they wait to catch e.g. ants
           subtype:  #lacewing_fly__lacewing  any of two families of gauzy-winged insects (Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae); larvae feed on insect pests such as aphids
              subtype:  #green_lacewing__greenlacewing__chrysopid__stink_fly__stinkfly  pale green unpleasant-smelling lacewing fly having carnivorous larvae
                 subtype:  #golden-eyed_fly__goldeneyedfly__goldeneye  a variety of green lacewing
              subtype:  #brown_lacewing__brownlacewing__hemerobiid__hemerobiid_fly  small dark-colored lacewing fly
           subtype:  #dobson_fly__dobson__Corydalus_cornutus  large soft-bodied insect having long slender mandibles in the male; aquatic larvae often used as bait
           subtype:  #fishfly  similar to but smaller than the dobsonfly
           subtype:  #alderfly__alder_fly__alderfly__Sialis_lutaria  dark-colored insect having predaceous aquatic larvae
           subtype:  #snakefly  predatory insect of western North America having a long necklike prothorax
           subtype:  #mantispid  insect that resembles a mantis; larvae are parasites in the nests of spiders and wasps
           subtype:  #spongefly__spongillafly  hairy-bodied insect whose larvae feed on freshwater sponges
        subtype:  #odonate  large primitive predatory aquatic insect having two pairs of membranous wings
           subtype:  #dragonfly__darning_needle__darningneedle__devil's_darning_needle__devil'sdarningneedle__sewing_needle__snake_feeder__snakefeeder__snake_doctor__snakedoctor__mosquito_hawk__skeeter_hawk__skeeterhawk  slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc.
           subtype:  #damselfly  slender non-stinging insect similar to but smaller than the dragonfly but having wings folded when at rest
        subtype:  #trichopterous_insect__trichopterousinsect__trichopteran__trichopteron  caddis fly
           subtype:  #caddis_fly__caddisfly__caddice_fly__caddicefly__caddicefly  small moth-like insect having two pairs of hairy membranous wings and aquatic larvae
        subtype:  #thysanuran_insect__thysanuron  primitive wingless insects: bristletail
           subtype:  #bristletail  small wingless insect with a long bristlelike tail
              subtype:  #firebrat__Thermobia_domestica  lives in warm moist areas e.g. around furnaces
           subtype:  #Lepisma_saccharina__silverfish  silver-gray wingless insect found in houses feeding on book bindings and starched clothing
           subtype:  #jumping_bristletail__jumpingbristletail__machilid  wingless insect living in dark moist places as under dead tree trunks; they make erratic leaps when disturbed
        subtype:  #thysanopter__thysanopteron__thysanopterous_insect  an insect of the order Thysanoptera
           subtype:  #thrips__thripid  any of various small to minute sucking insects with narrow feathery wings if any; they feed on plant sap and many are destructive
              subtype:  #tobacco_thrips__Frankliniella_fusca  injurious to growing tobacco and peanuts
              subtype:  #onion_thrips__onion_louse__onionlouse__Thrips_tobaci  injurious to onion plants and sometimes tobacco
        subtype:  #earwig  any of numerous insects of the order Dermaptera having elongate bodies and slender many-jointed antennae and a pair of large pincers at the rear of the abdomen
           subtype:  #common_European_earwig__Forficula_auricularia  sometimes destructive to cultivated bulbs
        subtype:  #lepidopterous_insect__lepidopterousinsect__lepidopteron__lepidopteran  insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales
           subtype:  #butterfly  diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings
              subtype:  #nymphalid_butterfly__nymphalid__brush-footed_butterfly__four-footed_butterfly  medium to large butterflies found worldwide typically having brightly colored wings and much-reduced nonfunctional forelegs carried folded on the breast
                 subtype:  #mourning_cloak_butterfly__mourning_cloak__Camberwell_beauty__Nymphalis_antiopa  of temperate regions; having dark purple wings with yellow borders
                 subtype:  #tortoiseshell_butterfly__tortoiseshell  brilliantly colored; larvae feed on nettles
                 subtype:  #painted_beauty__paintedbeauty__Vanessa_virginiensis  American butterfly having dark brown wings with white and golden orange spots
                 subtype:  #admiral  any of several brightly colored butterflies
                 subtype:  #red_admiral__redadmiral__Vanessa_atalanta  of temperate Europe and Asia; having black wings with red and white markings
                 subtype:  #white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_camilla  Eurasian butterfly with brown wings and white markings
                 subtype:  #banded_purple__white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_arthemis  North American butterfly with blue-black wings crossed by a broad white band
                 subtype:  #red-spotted_purple__redspottedpurple__Limenitis_astyanax  similar to the banded purple but with red spots on underwing surfaces
                 subtype:  #Limenitis_archippus__viceroy  showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller
                 subtype:  #anglewing  nymphalid butterfly having angular notches on the outer edges of the forewings
                 subtype:  #comma_butterfly__commabutterfly__comma__Polygonia_comma  anglewing butterfly with a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing
                 subtype:  #fritillary  butterfly with brownish wings marked with black and silver
                    subtype:  #silverspot  butterfly with silver spots on the underside of the hind wings
                 subtype:  #emperor_butterfly__emperorbutterfly__emperor  large richly colored butterfly
                    subtype:  #purple_emperor__Apatura_iris  large European butterfly the male of which has wings shaded with purple
                 subtype:  #peacock_butterfly__peacockbutterfly__peacock__Inachis_io  European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot
              subtype:  #danaid_butterfly__danaid  large tropical butterfly with degenerate forelegs and an unpleasant taste
                 subtype:  #monarch_butterfly__monarchbutterfly__monarch__milkweed_butterfly__Danaus_plexippus  large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed
              subtype:  #pierid_butterfly__pierid  any of numerous pale-colored butterflies having three pairs of well-developed legs
                 subtype:  #cabbage_butterfly__cabbagebutterfly  white butterfly whose larvae (cabbageworms) feed on cabbage
                    subtype:  #small_white__Pieris_rapae  small widely distributed form
                    subtype:  #large_white__Pieris_brassicae  Old World form
                    subtype:  #southern_cabbage_butterfly__Pieris_protodice  common North American form
              subtype:  #sulphur_butterfly__sulphurbutterfly__sulfur_butterfly  any of numerous yellow or orange butterflies
              subtype:  #lycaenid_butterfly__lycaenid  any of various butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
                 subtype:  #blue_butterfly__blue  any of numerous small chiefly blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
                 subtype:  #copper  any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having copper colored wings
                    subtype:  #American_copper__Lycaena_hypophlaeas  common copper butterfly of central and eastern North America
                 subtype:  #hairstreak_butterfly__hairstreak  small butterflies having striped markings under the wings
                    subtype:  #Strymon_melinus  larvae are pests of various economic plants
           subtype:  #moth  typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae
              subtype:  #moth_miller__miller  any of various moths that have powdery wings
              subtype:  #tortricid_moth__tortricidmoth__tortricid  any of numerous small moths having lightly fringed wings; larvae are leafrollers or live in fruits and galls
                 subtype:  #leaf_roller__leafroller  moth whose larvae form nests by rolling and tying leaves with spun silk
                 subtype:  #tea_tortrix__teatortrix__tortrix__Homona_coffearia  small Indian moth infesting e.g. tea and coffee plants
                 subtype:  #orange_tortrix__tortrix__Argyrotaenia_citrana  California moth whose larvae live in especially oranges
                 subtype:  #codling_moth__codlingmoth__Carpocapsa_pomonella  small moth whose larvae live in apples and English walnuts
              subtype:  #lymantriid__tussock_moth__tussockmoth  dull-colored moth whose larvae have tufts of hair on the body and feed on the leaves of many deciduous trees
                 subtype:  #gypsy_moth__gypsymoth__gipsy_moth__gipsymoth__Lymantria_dispar  European moth introduced into North America; a serious pest of shade trees
                 subtype:  #browntail__brown-tail_moth__Euproctis_phaeorrhoea  small brown and white European moth introduced into eastern United States; pest of various shade and fruit trees
                 subtype:  #gold-tail_moth__Euproctis_chrysorrhoea  white furry-bodied European moth with a yellow tail tuft
              subtype:  #geometrid_moth__geometridmoth__geometrid  slender-bodied broad-winged moth whose larvae are called measuring worms
                 subtype:  #Paleacrita_vernata  moth whose larvae are spring cankerworms
                 subtype:  #Alsophila_pometaria  North American moth with gray-winged males and wingless females; larvae are fall cankerworms
              subtype:  #pyralid_moth__pyralidmoth__pyralid  usually tropical slender-bodied long-legged moth whose larvae are crop pests
                 subtype:  #bee_moth__beemoth__wax_moth__waxmoth__Galleria_mellonella  moth whose larvae live in and feed on bee honeycombs
                 subtype:  #European_corn_borer__corn_borer__corn_borer_moth__Pyrausta_nubilalis  native to Europe; in America the larvae bore into the stem and crown of corn and other plants
                 subtype:  #Mediterranean_flour_moth__Anagasta_kuehniella  small moth whose larvae damage stored grain and flour
                 subtype:  #tobacco_moth__tobaccomoth__cacao_moth__cacaomoth__Ephestia_elutella  small moth whose larvae feed on tobacco and other dried plant products
                 subtype:  #almond_moth__fig_moth__figmoth__Cadra_cautella  moth whose larvae feed on and mat together with webbing various stored foods
                 subtype:  #raisin_moth__Cadra_figulilella  moth whose larvae attack dried fruits and cereal products
              subtype:  #tineoid_moth__tineoidmoth  small dull-colored moth with chewing mouthparts
                 subtype:  #tineid_moth__tineid  small yellowish moths whose larvae feed on wool or fur
                    subtype:  #clothes_moth__clothesmoth  any of several small yellowish or buff-colored moths whose larvae eat organic matter e.g. woolens
                       subtype:  #casemaking_clothes_moth__Tinea_pellionella  the larvae live in tubes of its food material fastened with silk that it spins
                       subtype:  #webbing_clothes_moth__webbingclothesmoth__webbing_moth__webbingmoth__Tineola_bisselliella  moth that forms a web in which it lives
                    subtype:  #carpet_moth__tapestry_moth__Trichophaga_tapetzella  larvae feed on carpets and other woolens
                 subtype:  #gracilariid_moth__gracilariidmoth__gracilariid  small dull or metallic-colored tineoid moths whose larvae mine in plant leaves
              subtype:  #gelechiid_moth__gelechiidmoth__gelechiid  small slender-winged moths whose larvae are agricultural pests
                 subtype:  #Gelechia_gossypiella  small brown moth whose larvae bore into flowers and bolls of cotton
                 subtype:  #grain_moth__grainmoth  moth whose larvae feed on grain
                    subtype:  #angoumois_moth__angoumoismoth__angoumois_grain_moth__angoumoisgrainmoth__Sitotroga_cerealella  small moth whose larvae feed on kernels of stored grains
                 subtype:  #potato_moth__potato_tuber_moth__splitworm__Phthorimaea_operculella  grayish-brown moth whose larva is the potato tuberworm
              subtype:  #noctuid_moth__noctuidmoth__noctuid__owlet_moth__owletmoth  usually dull-colored medium-sized nocturnal moth; the usually smooth-bodied larvae are destructive agricultural pests
                 subtype:  #underwing  moth having dull forewings and brightly colored hind wings
                    subtype:  #red_underwing__redunderwing__Catocala_nupta  moth having dull forewings and red-marked hind wings
                 subtype:  #antler_moth__Cerapteryx_graminis  European moth with white antler-like markings on the forewings; the larvae damage pastures and grasslands
                 subtype:  #heliothis_moth__heliothismoth__Heliothis_zia  medium-sized moth whose larvae are corn earworms
                 subtype:  #army_cutworm__Chorizagrotis_auxiliaris  moth whose larvae destroy grains and forage plants
                 subtype:  #Pseudaletia_unipuncta__armyworm  moth whose destructive larvae travel in multitudes
                 subtype:  #Spodoptera_exigua  moth whose larvae are beet armyworms
                 subtype:  #Spodoptera_frugiperda  moth whose larvae are fall armyworms
              subtype:  #hawkmoth__hawk_moth__sphingid__sphinx_moth__hummingbird_moth__hummingbirdmoth  any of various moths with long narrow forewings capable of powerful flight and hovering over flowers to feed
                 subtype:  #Manduca_sexta  moth whose larvae are tobacco hornworms
                 subtype:  #Manduca_quinquemaculata  moth whose larvae are tomato hornworms
                 subtype:  #death's-head_moth__Acherontia_atropos  European hawkmoth with markings on the back resembling a human skull
              subtype:  #bombycid_moth__bombycid__silkworm_moth  moderate-sized Asiatic moth whose larvae feed on mulberry leaves and produce silk
                 subtype:  #domestic_silkworm_moth__Bombyx_mori  stocky creamy-white Asiatic moth found almost entirely under human care; the source of most of the silk of commerce
              subtype:  #saturniid_moth__saturniidmoth__saturniid  large brightly colored and usually tropical moth; larvae spin silken cocoons
                 subtype:  #emperor_moth__emperormoth__emperor__Saturnia_pavonia  large moth of temperate forests of Eurasia having heavily scaled transparent wings
                 subtype:  #imperial_moth__Eacles_imperialis  large American moth having yellow wings with purplish or brownish markings; larvae feed on e.g. maple and pine trees
                 subtype:  #giant_silkworm_moth__silkworm_moth  any silkworm moth of the family Saturniidae
                    subtype:  #cynthia_moth__cynthiamoth__Samia_cynthia__Samia_walkeri  large Asiatic moth introduced into the United States; larvae feed on the ailanthus
                    subtype:  #atlas_moth__atlasmoth__Atticus_atlas  giant saturniid moth widespread in Asia; sometimes cultured for silk
                 subtype:  #luna_moth__Luna_moth__Actias_luna  large pale-green American moth with long-tailed hind wings and a yellow crescent-shaped mark on each fore wing
                 subtype:  #Hyalophora_cecropia__cecropia__cecropia_moth  North American silkworm moth; larvae feed on the leaves of forest trees
                 subtype:  #io_moth__Automeris_io  large yellow American moth having a large eyelike spot on each hind wing; the larvae have stinging spines
                 subtype:  #polyphemus_moth__Antheraea_polyphemus  very large yellowish-brown American silkworm moth with large eyespots on hind wings; larvae feed on fruit and shade trees
                 subtype:  #pernyi_moth__Antheraea_pernyi  a Chinese moth that produces a brownish silk
                 subtype:  #tussah__tusseh__tussur__tussore__tusser__Antheraea_mylitta  oriental moth that produces brownish silk
              subtype:  #arctiid_moth__arctiidmoth__arctiid  stout-bodied broad-winged moth with conspicuously striped or spotted wings; larvae are hairy caterpillars
                 subtype:  #tiger_moth__tigermoth  medium-sized moth with long richly colored and intricately patterned wings; larvae are called woolly bears
                 subtype:  #cinnabar_moth__cinnabar__Callimorpha_jacobeae  large red-and-black European moth; larvae feed on leaves of ragwort; introduced into United States to control ragwort
              subtype:  #lasiocampid_moth__lasiocampidmoth__lasiocampid  medium-sized stout-bodied neutral-colored moths comb-like antennae
                 subtype:  #eggar__egger  moth having nonfunctional mouthparts as adults; larvae feed on tree foliage and spin egg-shaped cocoons
                 subtype:  #tent-caterpillar_moth__Malacosoma_disstria  moth whose gregarious larvae spin carpets
                 subtype:  #lappet_moth__lappet  medium-sized hairy moths; larvae are lappet caterpillars
                 subtype:  #webworm_moth__webwormmoth  a variety of moth that spins a web in which it lives
                    subtype:  #Hyphantria_cunea  moth whose larvae are fall webworms
                    subtype:  #Loxostege_similalis  moth whose larvae are garden webworms
              subtype:  #Malacosoma_americana__tent-caterpillar_moth  moth whose larvae are tent caterpillars
        subtype:  #pupa  an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult
           subtype:  #chrysalis__chrysali  pupa of a moth or butterfly enclosed in a cocoon
        subtype:  #imago  an adult insect produced after metamorphosis
        subtype:  #queen.insect  the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs
           subtype:  #queen_bee__queenbee  fertile egg-laying female bee
     subtype:  #instar  an insect or other arthropod between molts
  subtype:  #zoophyte  any of various invertebrate animals resembling a plant such as a sea anemone or coral or sponge
  subtype:  #poriferan__sponge__parazoan  primitive multicellular marine animal whose porous body is supported by a fibrous skeletal framework; usually occurs in sessile colonies
     subtype:  #glass_sponge__glasssponge  a siliceous sponge (with glassy spicules) of the class Hyalospongiae
        subtype:  #Venus's_flower_basket  deep-water marine sponge having a cylindrical skeleton of intricate glassy latticework; East Indian and East Asian coast
  subtype:  #coelenterate__cnidarian  radially symmetrical animals having saclike bodies with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures; they occur in polyp and medusa forms
     subtype:  #polyp  one of two forms that coelenterates take e.g. a hydra or coral: usually sedentary and has a hollow cylindrical body usually with a ring of tentacles around the mouth
     subtype:  #medusa  one of two forms that coelenterates take: is the free-swimming sexual stage in the life cycle of a coelenterate and has a gelatinous umbrella-shaped body and tentacles
     subtype:  #jellyfish__medusa__medusan  any of numerous usually marine and free-swimming coelenterates that constitute the sexually reproductive forms of hydrozoans and scyphozoans
        subtype:  #Aegina  small medusa
        subtype:  #Chrysaora_quinquecirrha  a type of jellyfish
     subtype:  #scyphozoan  any of various usually free-swimming marine coelenterates having a gelatinous medusoid stage as the dominant phase of its life cycle
     subtype:  #hydrozoan__hydroid  colonial coelenterates having the polyp phase dominant
        subtype:  #hydra  small tubular solitary freshwater hydrozoan polyp
        subtype:  #siphonophore  a floating or swimming oceanic colony of polyps often transparent or showily colored
           subtype:  #nanomia  small creatures resembling pieces of fuzzy rope; each with a cluster of swimming bells serving as the head and long elastic tentacles for drawing in prey
           subtype:  #Portuguese_man-of-war__man-of-war__jellyfish  large siphonophore having a bladderlike float and stinging tentacles
           subtype:  #praya  colonial siphonophore of up to 130 ft long
           subtype:  #apolemia  large siphonophore of up to 50 ft long
        subtype:  #sertularian  feathery colony of long-branched stems bearing stalkless paired polyps
     subtype:  #anthozoan__actinozoan  sessile marine coelenterates including solitary and colonial polyps; the medusoid phase is entirely suppressed
        subtype:  #sea_anemone__seaanemone  marine polyps that resemble flowers but have oral rings of tentacles; differ from corals in forming no hard skeleton
           subtype:  #actinia__actinian__actiniarian  any sea anemone or related animal
        subtype:  #sea_pen__seapen  fleshy featherlike warm-water colonies
        subtype:  #coral.anthozoan  marine colonial polyp characterized by a calcareous skeleton; masses in a variety of shapes often forming reefs
           subtype:  #gorgonian_coral__gorgoniancoral__gorgonian  corals having a horny of calcareous branching skeleton
              subtype:  #sea_feather__seafeather  corals forming featherlike colonies
              subtype:  #sea_fan__seafan  corals having a treelike or fan-shaped horny skeleton
              subtype:  #red_coral__redcoral  corals of especially the Mediterranean having pink or red color used for ornaments and jewelry
           subtype:  #stony_coral__stonycoral__madrepore__madriporian_coral__madriporiancoral  corals having calcareous skeletons aggregations of which form reefs and islands
              subtype:  #brain_coral__braincoral  massive reef-building coral having a convoluted and furrowed surface
              subtype:  #staghorn_coral__stag's-horn_coral  large branching coral resembling antlers
              subtype:  #mushroom_coral  flattened disk-shaped stony coral usually solitary
  subtype:  #ctenophore__comb_jelly  biradially symmetrical hermaphroditic solitary marine animals resembling jellyfishes having for locomotion eight rows of cilia arranged like teeth in a comb
     subtype:  #beroe  delicately iridescent thimble-shaped ctenophores
     subtype:  #platyctenean  ctenophore have long tentacles and flattened body
     subtype:  #sea_gooseberry__seagooseberry  ctenophore having a rounded body with longitudinal rows of cilia
     subtype:  #Venus's_girdle__Cestum_veneris  ctenophore having a ribbon-shaped iridescent gelatinous body
  subtype:  #worm  any of numerous relatively small elongated soft-bodied animals especially of the phyla Annelida and Chaetognatha and Nematoda and Nemertea and Platyhelminthes; also many insect larvae
     subtype:  #helminth__parasitic_worm__parasiticworm  worm that is parasitic on the intestines of vertebrates especially roundworms and tapeworms and flukes
     subtype:  #woodworm  a larva of a woodborer
     subtype:  #acanthocephalan__spiny-headed_worm  any of various worms living parasitically in intestines of vertebrates having a retractile proboscis covered with many hooked spines
     subtype:  #arrowworm__chaetognath  any worm of the Chaetognatha; transparent marine worm with horizontal lateral and caudal fins and a row of movable curved spines at each side of the mouth
        subtype:  #sagitta  any arrowworm of the genus Sagitta
     subtype:  #flatworm__platyhelminth  parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body
        subtype:  #planarian__planaria  free-swimming mostly freshwater flatworms; popular in laboratory studies for the ability to regenerate lost parts
        subtype:  #trematode__trematode_worm__trematodeworm  parasitic flatworms having external suckers for attaching to a host
           subtype:  #liver_fluke__liverfluke__Fasciola_hepatica  flatworm parasitic in liver and bile ducts of domestic animals and humans
           subtype:  #Fasciolopsis_buski  fluke that is parasitic on humans and swine; common in eastern Asia
           subtype:  #schistosome__blood_fluke__bloodfluke  flatworms parasitic in the blood vessels of mammals
        subtype:  #tapeworm__cestode  ribbon-like flatworms that are parasitic in the intestines of humans and other vertebrates
           subtype:  #echinococcus  tapeworms whose larvae are parasitic in humans and domestic animals
           subtype:  #taenia  tapeworms parasitic in humans which uses the pig as its intermediate host
     subtype:  #ribbon_worm__nemertean__nemertine__proboscis_worm__proboscisworm  soft unsegmented marine worms having a threadlike proboscis and the ability to stretch and contract
     subtype:  #beard_worm__beardworm__pogonophoran  slender animal with tentacles and a tubelike outer covering; lives on the deep ocean bottom
     subtype:  #nematode_worm__nematode__roundworm  unsegmented worms with elongated rounded body pointed at both ends; mostly free-living but some are parasitic
        subtype:  #common_roundworm__Ascaris_lumbricoides  intestinal parasite of humans and pigs
        subtype:  #chicken_roundworm__chickenroundworm__Ascaridia_galli  intestinal parasite of domestic fowl
        subtype:  #pinworm__threadworm__Enterobius_vermicularis  small threadlike worm infesting human intestines and rectum especially in children
        subtype:  #eelworm  any of various small free-living plant-parasitic roundworms
           subtype:  #vinegar_eel__vinegareel__vinegar_worm__vinegarworm__Anguillula_aceti__Turbatrix_aceti  minute eelworm that feeds on organisms that cause fermentation in e.g. vinegar
        subtype:  #wheatworm__wheat_eel__wheateel__wheat_eelworm__wheateelworm__Tylenchus_tritici  small roundworm parasitic on wheat
        subtype:  #trichina__Trichinella_spiralis  parasitic nematode occurring in the intestines of pigs and rats and human beings and producing larvae that form cysts in skeletal muscles
        subtype:  #hookworm  parasitic blood-sucking roundworms having hooked mouth parts to fasten to the intestinal wall of human and other hosts
        subtype:  #filaria  slender threadlike roundworms living in the blood and tissues of vertebrates; transmitted as larvae by biting insects
        subtype:  #Guinea_worm__Dracunculus_medinensis  parasitic roundworm of India and Africa that lives beneath the skin of man and other vertebrates
     subtype:  #annelid_worm__annelidworm__segmented_worm__segmentedworm  worms with cylindrical bodies segmented both internally and externally
        subtype:  #archiannelid  small primitive marine worm lacking external segmentation and resembling polychaete larvae
        subtype:  #oligochaete_worm__oligochaeteworm__oligochaete  hermaphroditic terrestrial and aquatic annelids having bristles borne singly along the length of the body
           subtype:  #earthworm__angleworm__fishworm__fishing_worm__fishingworm__wiggler__nightwalker__nightcrawler__crawler__dew_worm__dewworm__red_worm__redworm  terrestrial worm that burrows into and helps aerate soil; often surfaces when the ground is cool or wet; used as bait by anglers
        subtype:  #polychaete_worm__polychaete__polychete__polychete_worm__polycheteworm  chiefly marine annelids possessing both sexes and having paired appendages (parapodia) bearing bristles
           subtype:  #lugworm__lug__lobworm  marine worms having a row of tufted gills along each side of the back; often used for fishing bait
           subtype:  #sea_mouse__seamouse  any of several large worms having a broad flattened body with a mat of coarse hairs covering the back
           subtype:  #bloodworm  a segmented marine worm with bright red body; often used for bait
        subtype:  #bloodsucker__leech__hirudinean  carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end
           subtype:  #medicinal_leech__medicinalleech__Hirudo_medicinalis  large European freshwater leech formerly used for bloodletting
           subtype:  #horseleech  any of several large freshwater leeches
  subtype:  #woodborer__borer  any of various insects or larvae or mollusks that bore into wood
  subtype:  #rotifer  minute aquatic multicellular organisms having a ciliated wheel-like organ for feeding and locomotion; constituents of freshwater plankton
  subtype:  #mollusk__mollusc__shellfish  invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell
     subtype:  #scaphopod  burrowing marine mollusk
        subtype:  #tooth_shell__toothshell__tusk_shell  any of various seashore mollusks having a tapering tubular shell open at each end and a foot pointed like a spade for burrowing
     subtype:  #gastropod__univalve  a class of mollusks typically having a one-piece coiled shell and flattened muscular foot with a head bearing stalked eyes
        subtype:  #abalone__ear-shell__earshell  any of various large edible marine gastropods of the genus Haliotis having an ear-shaped shell with pearly interior
           subtype:  #ormer__sea-ear__seaear__Haliotis_tuberculata  found near the Channel Islands
        subtype:  #conch  any of various edible tropical marine gastropods of the genus Strombus having a brightly-colored spiral shell with large outer lip
           subtype:  #giant_conch__giantconch__Strombus_gigas  a large variety of conch
        subtype:  #snail  freshwater or marine or terrestrial gastropod mollusk usually having an external enclosing spiral shell
           subtype:  #scorpion_shell  any of numerous tropical marine snails that as adults have the outer lip of the aperture produced into a series of long curved spines
           subtype:  #edible_snail__Helix_pomatia  one of the chief edible snails
           subtype:  #garden_snail  any of several inedible snails of the genus Helix; often destructive pests
              subtype:  #brown_snail__brownsnail__Helix_aspersa  serious garden pest having a brown shell with paler zigzag markings; nearly cosmopolitan
              subtype:  #Helix_hortensis  a kind of garden snail
        subtype:  #slug  any of various terrestrial gastropods having an elongated slimy body and no external shell
        subtype:  #seasnail  any of several creeping marine gastropods with a spirally coiled shell: whelks; tritons; moonshells; neritids
           subtype:  #neritid_gastropod__neritidgastropod__neritid  operculate seasnail of coastal waters with a short spiral shell
              subtype:  #nerita  having short a smooth or spirally ridged shell with thick usually toothed outer lip and toothed operculum
              subtype:  #bleeding_tooth__Nerita_peloronta  gastropod having reddish toothlike projections around the shell opening; of the Caribbean area
              subtype:  #neritina  ornately marked and brightly colored snails of brackish waters
           subtype:  #whelk  large carnivorous marine gastropods of coastal waters and intertidal regions having a strong snail-like shell
           subtype:  #triton  tropical marine gastropods having beautifully colored spiral shells
           subtype:  #moonshell  marine gastropods having smooth rounded shells that form short spires
           subtype:  #periwinkle.seasnail__winkle  edible marine gastropod
           subtype:  #limpet  any of various usually marine gastropods with low conical shells; found clinging to rocks in littoral areas
              subtype:  #common_limpet__Patella_vulgata  marine limpet
              subtype:  #keyhole_limpet__keyholelimpet__Fissurella_apertura__Diodora_apertura  marine limpet having a conical shell with an opening at the apex
        subtype:  #river_limpet__riverlimpet__freshwater_limpet__Ancylus_fluviatilis  minute conical gastropod superficially resembling a limpet but living and feeding on freshwater plants
        subtype:  #sea_slug__seaslug  any of various marine gastropods of the suborder Nudibranchia having a shell-less and often beautifully colored body
           subtype:  #Hermissenda_crassicornis  a kind of sea slug
        subtype:  #sea_hare__seahare__Aplysia_punctata  naked marine gastropod having a soft body with reduced internal shell and two pairs of ear-like tentacles
        subtype:  #bubble_shell  marine gastropod mollusk having a very small thin shell
        subtype:  #physa  any member of the genus Physa
        subtype:  #cowrie__cowry  any of numerous tropical marine gastropods of the genus Cypraea having highly polished usually brightly marked shells
           subtype:  #money_cowrie__moneycowrie__Cypraea_moneta  cowrie whose shell is used for money in parts of South Pacific and Africa
           subtype:  #tiger_cowrie__tigercowrie__Cypraea_tigris  cowrie whose shell is used for ornament
        subtype:  #solenogaster__aplacophoran  deep-water wormlike mollusks lacking calcareous plates on the body but having fine slimy spicules on the covering mantle
     subtype:  #coat-of-mail_shell__chiton__sea_cradle__seacradle__polyplacophore  primitive elongated bilaterally symmetrical marine mollusk having a mantle covered with eight calcareous plates
     subtype:  #bivalve__lamellibranch  marine or freshwater mollusks having a soft body with platelike gills enclosed within two shells hinged together
        subtype:  #clam  burrowing marine mollusk living on sand or mud
           subtype:  #Mya_arenaria__soft-shell_clam__steamer__steamerclam__long-neck_clam  an edible clam with thin oval-shaped shell found in coastal regions of the United States and Europe
           subtype:  #Venus_mercenaria__quahog__quahaug__hard-shell_clam__round_clam__roundclam__Mercenaria_mercenaria  an edible American clam
              subtype:  #littleneck_clam__littleneck  a young quahog suitable to be eaten raw
              subtype:  #cherrystone_clam__cherrystoneclam__cherrystone  a half-grown quahog
           subtype:  #geoduck  a large edible clam found burrowing deeply in sandy mud along the Pacific coast of North America; weighs up to six pounds; has siphons that can extend to several feet and cannot be withdrawn into the shell
           subtype:  #razor_clam__razorclam__jackknife_clam__jackknifeclam__knife-handle__knifehandle  marine clam having a long narrow curved thin shell
           subtype:  #giant_clam__giantclam__Tridacna_gigas  giant clam inhabiting reefs in the South Pacific weighing up to 500' pounds
           subtype:  #shipworm__teredinid  wormlike marine bivalve that bores into wooden piers and ships by means of drill-like shells
              subtype:  #teredo  typical shipworm
              subtype:  #giant_northwest_shipworm__giantnorthwestshipworm__Bankia_setaceae  giant shipworm of the Pacific coast of North America
        subtype:  #cockle  common edible European bivalve mollusk having a rounded shell with radiating ribs
           subtype:  #edible_cockle__Cardium_edule  common edible European cockle
        subtype:  #oyster  marine mollusks having a rough irregular shell; found on the sea bed mostly in coastal waters
           subtype:  #seed_oyster  a young oyster especially of a size for transplantation
           subtype:  #bluepoint__blue_point  small edible oyster typically from the south shore of Long Island
           subtype:  #Japanese_oyster__Ostrea_gigas  large native of Japan introduced along United States Pacific coast; candidate for introduction in Chesapeake Bay
           subtype:  #Virginia_oyster  common edible oyster of Atlantic coast of North America
           subtype:  #pearl_oyster__pearloyster__Pinctada_margaritifera  tropical marine bivalve found chiefly off eastern Asia and Pacific coast of North and Central America; a major source of pearls
           subtype:  #saddle_oyster__Anomia_ephippium  thin-shelled bivalve having the right valve deeply notched
           subtype:  #window_oyster__windowpane_oyster__capiz__Placuna_placenta  marine bivalve common in Philippine coastal waters characterized by a large thin flat translucent shell
        subtype:  #ark_shell__arkshell  marine bivalve mollusk having a heavy toothed shell with a deep boat-like inner surface
        subtype:  #blood_clam__bloodclam  red-blooded clam
        subtype:  #mussel  marine or freshwater bivalve mollusk that lives attached to rocks etc.
           subtype:  #marine_mussel__mytilid  marine bivalve mollusk having a dark elongated shell; live attached to solid objects especially in intertidal zones
              subtype:  #edible_mussel__Mytilus_edulis  dark-shelled edible mussel that lives attached to rocks
           subtype:  #freshwater_mussel__freshwater_clam  bivalve mollusk abundant in rivers of central United States
              subtype:  #pearly-shelled_mussel  the pearly lining of the dark shells is a source of mother-of-pearl
              subtype:  #thin-shelled_mussel  mussel with thin fragile shells having only rudimentary hinge teeth
              subtype:  #zebra_mussel__zebramussel__Dreissena_polymorpha  inch-long mollusk imported accidentally from Europe; clogs utility inlet pipes and feeds on edible freshwater mussels
        subtype:  #scallop__scollop__escallop  edible marine bivalve having a fluted fan-shaped shell that swim by expelling water from the shell in a series of snapping motions
           subtype:  #Pecten_irradians__bay_scallop  small scallop inhabiting shallow waters and mud flats of the North American Atlantic coast
           subtype:  #giant_scallop__giantscallop__sea_scallop__seascallop__Pecten_magellanicus  large scallop inhabiting deep waters of the North American Atlantic coast
        subtype:  #piddock  marine bivalve that bores into rock or clay or wood by means of saw-like shells
     subtype:  #cephalopod_mollusk__cephalopod  marine mollusk characterized by well-developed head and eyes and sucker-bearing tentacles
        subtype:  #chambered_nautilus__pearly_nautilus__nautilus  cephalopod of the Indian and Pacific oceans having a spiral shell with pale pearly partitions
        subtype:  #dibranchiate_mollusk__dibranchiate__dibranch  cephalopods having two gills
        subtype:  #octopod  eight-armed cephalopod lacking an internal shell
           subtype:  #devilfish__octopus__octopu  bottom-living cephalopod having a soft oval body with eight long tentacles
           subtype:  #paper_nautilus__nautilus__Argonauta_argo  cephalopod mollusk of warm seas whose females have delicate papery spiral shells
        subtype:  #decapod  cephalopods having eight short tentacles plus two long ones
           subtype:  #squid  widely distributed fast-moving ten-armed cephalopod mollusk having a long tapered body with triangular tail fins
              subtype:  #loligo  somewhat flattened cylindrical squid
              subtype:  #ommastrephes  extremely active cylindrical squid with short strong arms and large rhombic terminal fins
              subtype:  #architeuthis__giant_squid__giantsquid  largest mollusk known about but never seen (to 60 feet long)
           subtype:  #cuttlefish__cuttle  ten-armed oval-bodied cephalopod with narrow fins as long as the body and a large calcareous internal shell
           subtype:  #spirula__Spirula_peronii  a small tropical cephalopod of the genus Spirula having prominent eyes and short arms and a many-chambered shell coiled in a flat spiral
  subtype:  #phoronid  hermaphrodite wormlike animal living in mud of the sea bottom
  subtype:  #bryozoan__polyzoan__sea_mat__sea_moss__moss_animal  sessile aquatic animal forming mosslike colonies of small polyps each having a curved or circular ridge bearing tentacles; attach to stones or seaweed and reproduce by budding
  subtype:  #ectoproct  sessile mosslike aquatic animal having the anus of the polyp outside the crown of tentacles
  subtype:  #entoproct  any of various mosslike aquatic animals usually forming branching colonies; each polyp having a both mouth and anus within a closed ring of tentacles
  subtype:  #Symbion_pandora  only known species of Cycliophora; lives symbiotically attached to a lobster's lip by an adhesive disk and feeding by means of a hairy mouth ring; its complex life cycle includes asexual and sexual phases
  subtype:  #brachiopod__lamp_shell  marine animal with bivalve shell having a pair of arms bearing tentacles for capturing food; found worldwide
  subtype:  #peanut_worm__sipunculid  small unsegmented marine worm that when disturbed retracts its anterior portion into the body giving the appearance of a peanut
  subtype:  #echinoderm  marine invertebrates with tube feet and calcite-covered five-part radially symmetrical bodies
     subtype:  #starfish__sea_star__seastar  echinoderms characterized by five arms extending from a central disk
     subtype:  #brittle_star__brittlestar__serpent_star__serpentstar  an animal resembling a starfish with fragile whiplike arms radiating from a small central disc
     subtype:  #basket_star__basket_fish  any starfish-like animal of the genera Euryale or Astrophyton or Gorgonocephalus having slender complexly branched interlacing arms radiating from a central disc
        subtype:  #Astrophyton_muricatum  a variety of basket star
     subtype:  #sea_urchin__seaurchin  shallow-water echinoderms having soft bodies enclosed in thin spiny globular shells
        subtype:  #edible_sea_urchin__Echinus_esculentus  a sea urchin that can be eaten
        subtype:  #sand_dollar  flattened disklike sea urchins that live on sandy bottoms
        subtype:  #heart_urchin__hearturchin  sea urchin having a heart-shaped body in a rigid spiny shell
     subtype:  #crinoid  primitive echinoderms having five or more feathery arms radiating from a central disk
        subtype:  #sea_lily__sealily  crinoid with delicate radiating arms and a stalked body attached to a hard surface
        subtype:  #feather_star__featherstar__comatulid  free-swimming stalkless crinoid with ten feathery arms; found on muddy sea bottoms
     subtype:  #sea_cucumber__seacucumber__holothurian  echinoderm having a flexible sausage-shaped body, tentacles surrounding the mouth and tube feet; free-living mud feeders: sea cucumbers
        subtype:  #trepang__Holothuria_edulis  of warm coasts from Australia to Asia; used as food especially by Chinese

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