#head_of_state__chief_of_state the chief public representative of a country who may also be the head of government
supertype: #representative a person who represents others
subtype: #prime_minister__primeminister__chancellor__premier the person who is head of state (in several countries)
subtype: #Prime_Minister__PM__premier the person who holds the position of head of state in England
subtype: #president.head_of_state the chief executive of a republic
subtype: #ex-president a former president
instance: #Vigdis_Finnbogadottir__Finnbogadottir
subtype: #President_of_the_United_States__President__Chief_Executive the person who holds the office of head of state of the United States government; "the President likes to jog every morning"
instance: #President_John_Adams__Adams__John_Adams__President_Adams #President_John_Quincy_Adams__Adams__John_Quincy_Adams__President_Adams #Chester_Alan_Arthur__Arthur__Chester_A._Arthur__President_Arthur #President_Buchanan__Buchanan__James_Buchanan #George_Herbert_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__President_Bush #George_Walker_Bush__Bush__George_Bush__George_W._Bush__Dubyuh__President_Bush #James_Earl_Carter_Jr.__Carter__Jimmy_Carter__James_Earl_Carter__President_Carter #Stephen_Grover_Cleveland__Cleveland__Grover_Cleveland__President_Cleveland #William_Jefferson_Clinton__Clinton__Bill_Clinton__President_Clinton #President_Coolidge__Coolidge__Calvin_Coolidge #Dwight_David_Eisenhower__Eisenhower__Dwight_Eisenhower__Dwight_D._Eisenhower__Ike__President_Eisenhower #President_Fillmore__Fillmore__Millard_Fillmore #Gerald_Rudolph_Ford__Ford__Gerald_Ford__Gerald_R._Ford__President_Ford #James_Abraham_Garfield__Garfield__James_Garfield__James_A._Garfield__President_Garfield #Ulysses_Simpson_Grant__Grant__Ulysses_Grant__Ulysses_S._Grant__Hiram_Ulysses_Grant__President_Grant #Warren_Gamaliel_Harding__Harding__Warren_Harding__President_Harding #President_William_Henry_Harrison__Harrison__William_Henry_Harrison__President_Harrison #President_Benjamin_Harrison__presidentbenjaminharrison__Harrison__Benjamin_Harrison__President_Harrison #Rutherford_Birchard_Hayes__Hayes__Rutherford_B._Hayes__President_Hayes #Herbert_Clark_Hoover__Hoover__Herbert_Hoover__President_Hoover #Andrew_Jackson__Jackson__Old_Hickory #President_Jefferson__Jefferson__Thomas_Jefferson #President_Andrew_Johnson__Johnson__Andrew_Johnson__President_Johnson #President_Lyndon_Johnson__Johnson__Lyndon_Johnson__Lyndon_Baines_Johnson__LBJ__President_Johnson #John_Fitzgerald_Kennedy__Kennedy__Jack_Kennedy__JFK__President_Kennedy #President_Lincoln__Lincoln__Abraham_Lincoln #President_Madison__Madison__James_Madison #President_McKinley__McKinley__William_McKinley #President_Monroe__Monroe__James_Monroe #Richard_Milhous_Nixon__Nixon__Richard_Nixon__Richard_M._Nixon__President_Nixon #President_Pierce__Pierce__Franklin_Pierce #James_Knox_Polk__Polk__James_Polk__James_K._Polk__President_Polk #Ronald_Wilson_Reagan__Reagan__Ronald_Reagan__President_Reagam #President_Theodore_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Theodore_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt #President_Franklin_Roosevelt__Roosevelt__Franklin_Roosevelt__Franklin_Delano_Roosevelt__President_Roosevelt__FDR #William_Howard_Taft__Taft__President_Taft #President_Taylor__Taylor__Zachary_Taylor #President_Truman__Truman__Harry_Truman__Harry_S_Truman #President_Tyler__Tyler__John_Tyler #President_Van_Buren__Van_Buren__Martin_Van_Buren #President_Washington__Washington__George_Washington #Thomas_Woodrow_Wilson__Wilson__Woodrow_Wilson__President_Wilson
subtype: #sovereign__crowned_head__crownedhead__monarch a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right
subtype: #tsar__czar__tzar a male monarch or emperor (especially of Russia prior to 1917)
instance: #Boris_Fyodorovich_Godunov__Godunov__godunov__Boris_Godunov #Ivan_IV__Ivan_Iv_Vasilievich__Ivan_the_Terrible #Nicholas_I #Nicholas_II #Peter_I__Peter_the_Great
subtype: #Emperor the male ruler of an empire
subtype: #Empress a woman Emperor or the wife of an Emperor
instance: #Catherine_I #Catherine_II__Catherine__Catherine_the_Great
subtype: #Holy_Roman_Emperor sovereign of the Holy Roman Empire
instance: #Charlemagne__Charles_I__Charles_the_Great #Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald #Ferdinand_I #Ferdinand_II #Ferdinand_III #Emperor_Francis_II__Francis_II #Frederick_Barbarossa__Frederick_I__Barbarossa #Frederick_II #Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great
subtype: #Kaiser the Holy Roman Emperors or the Emperors of Austria or Germany until 1918
instance: #Wilhelm_II__Kaiser_Wilhelm
subtype: #mikado__tenno (archaic) the emperor of Japan; when regarded as a religious leader the emperor is called tenno
subtype: #Roman_Emperor__Emperor_of_Rome sovereign of the Roman Empire
instance: #Marcus_Aurelius_Antoninus__Antoninus__Aurelius__Marcus_Aurelius__Marcus_Annius_Verus #Antonius_Pius #Augustus__Gaius_Octavianus__Gaius_Julius_Caesar_Octavianus__Octavian #Caligula__Gaius__Gaius_Caesar #Tiberius_Claudius_Drusus_Nero_Germanicus__Claudius__Claudius_I #Constantine_the_Great__Constantine__Constantine_I #Decius #Domitian__Titus_Flavius_Domitianus #Hadrian__Publius_Aelius_Hadrianus__Adrian #Nero_Claudius_Caesar_Drusus_Germanicus__Nero__Lucius_Domitius_Ahenobarbus #Marcus_Cocceius_Nerva__Nerva #Tiberius_Claudius_Nero_Caesar_Augustus__Tiberius #Titus_Flavius_Vespasianus__Titus #Trajan__Marcus_Ulpius_Traianus #Vespasian__Titus_Flavius_Sabinus_Vespasianus
instance: #Francis_Joseph_I__Francis_Joseph__Franz_Joseph__Franz_Josef_I #Genghis_Khan__Jinghis_Khan__Jenghiz_Khan #Haile_Selassie__Ras_Tafari_Makonnen__Ras_Tafari #Michinomiya_Hirohito__Hirohito #Justinian_the_Great__Justinian__Justinian_I #Kublai_Khan__Kubla_Khan__Kublai_Kaan #Meiji_Tenno__Mutsuhito #Montezuma_II #Napoleon_Bonaparte__Napoleon__Napoleon_I__Bonaparte__the_Little_Corporal #Napoleon_III__Charles_Louis_Napoleon_Bonaparte #Shah_Jahan
subtype: #male_monarch__king a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom
subtype: #Messiah the awaited King of the Jews; the promised and expected deliverer of the Jewish people
subtype: #King_of_England the sovereign ruler of England
instance: #Canute_the_Great__Canute__Cnut__Knut #Charles_Stuart__Charles_I #Charles_II #Edgar #Edward_I #Edward_II #Edward_III #Edward_IV #Edward_V #Edward_VI #Edward_VII__Albert_Edward #Edward_VIII__Duke_of_Windsor #Saint_Edward_the_Confessor__Edward_the_Confessor__St_Edward_the_Confessor #Saint_Edward_the_Martyr__Edward_the_Martyr__St_Edward_the_Martyr #Edwy__Eadwig #George_I #George_II #George_III #George_IV #George_V #George_VI #King_Harold_I__Harold_I__Harold_Harefoot__Harefoot #King_Harold_II__Harold_II #Henry_I__Henry_Beauclerc #Henry_II #Henry_III #Henry_IV__Bolingbroke__Henry_Bolingbroke #Henry_V #Henry_VI #Henry_VII__Henry_Tudor #Henry_VIII #James_I #James_II #John_Lackland__John #Richard_I__Richard_Coeur_de_Lion__Richard_the_Lion-Heart__Richard_the_Lion-Hearted #Richard_II #Richard_III #William_I__William_the_Conqueror #William_II__William_Rufus #William_III__William_of_Orange #William_IV__The_Sailor_King
subtype: #King_of_France the sovereign ruler of France
instance: #Hugh_Capet__Capet #Charles_I__Charles_II__Charles_the_Bald #Charles_VII #Charles_IX #Henry_II.King_of_France__henryii #Louis_I__Louis_the_Pious #Louis_II__Louis_le_Begue__Louis_the_Stammerer #Louis_III #Louis_IV__Louis_d'Outremer #Louis_V__Louis_le_Faineant #Louis_VI__Louis_the_Far__Louis_the_Wideawake__Louis_the_Bruiser #Louis_VII #Louis_VIII #Louis_IX__Saint_Louis__St_Louis #Louis_X__Louis_le_Hutin__Louis_the_Quarreller #Louis_XI #Louis_XII #Louis_XIII #Louis_XIV__Sun_King__Louis_the_Great #Louis_XV #Louis_XVI
subtype: #Rameses__Ramesses__Ramses any of 12 kings of ancient Egypt between 1315 and 1090 BC
instance: #Rameses_II__Ramesses_II__Ramses_II__Rameses_the_Great__Ramesses_the_Great__Ramses_the_Great
instance: #Ahab #Akhenaton__Akhenaten__Ikhanaton__Amenhotep_IV #Alaric #Alfred_the_Great__Alfred__AElfred #Artaxerxes_I #Artaxerxes_II #Ashurbanipal__Assurbanipal__Asurbanipal #Athelstan #Attila__Scourge_of_God__Scourge_of_the_Gods #Robert_the_Bruce__Bruce__Robert_I #Carl_XVI_Gustav__carlxvigustav #Clovis_I__Clovis #Croesus.male_monarch__croesu #Cyrus_II__Cyrus_the_Elder__Cyrus_the_Great #Darius_I__Darius_the_Great #Darius_III #David #Edmund_I #Edmund_II__Edmund_Ironside #Edward_the_Elder #Edwin #Egbert #Ethelbert #Ethelred_I__Ethelred #Ethelred_the_Unready__Ethelred__Ethelred_II #Fahd_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Fahd #Faisal_ibn_Abdel_Aziz_al-Saud__Faisal #Farouk_I__Faruk_I #Ferdinand_the_Great__Ferdinand_I #Ferdinand_V__Ferdinand_the_Catholic #Frederick_I #Frederick_the_Great__Frederick_II #Frederick_William_I #Frederick_William_II #Frederick_William_III #Frederick_William_Iv #Genseric__Gaiseric #Gilgamesh #Gordius #Gustavus_I__Gustavus #Gustavus_Adolphus__Gustavus__Gustavus_II #Gustavus_V #Hammurabi__Hammurapi #Herod_the_Great__Herod #Hezekiah__Ezekias #ibn_Talal_Hussein__Hussein__Husain__Husayn__King_Hussein #Jeroboam_I__Jeroboam #Juan_Carlos_Victor_Maria_de_Borbon_y_Borbon__Juan_Carlos #Kamehameha_I__Kamehameha_the_Great #Leonidas #Macbeth #Mithridates_the_Great__Mithridates__Mithridates_VI #Nebuchadnezzar_II__Nebuchadnezzar__Nebuchadrezzar__Nebuchadrezzar_II #Olaf_II__Olav_II__Saint_Olaf__Saint_Olav__St_Olaf__St_Olav #Otto_I__Otho_I__Otto_the_Great #Philip_II #Philip_II.male_monarch__philipii #Pyrrhus #Saul #Sennacherib #Solomon #Tarquin_the_Proud__Tarquin__Tarquinius__Tarquinius_Superbus__Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus #Victor_Emanuel_II #Victor_Emanuel_III #Xerxes_I__Xerxes_the_Great
subtype: #shah title for the former hereditary monarch of Iran
instance: #Mohammed_Reza_Pahlavi__Pahlavi__Pahlevi__Mohammed_Reza_Pahlevi
subtype: #Hanoverian any of the British sovereigns belonging to the House of Hanover
instance: #George_I #George_II #George_III #George_IV #Queen_Victoria__Victoria
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