#head__caput  the upper or front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains; "he stuck his head out the window"
  supertype:  external_body_part  any body part visible externally
  subtype:  human_head  the head of a human being
  part of:  animal
  part:  muzzle  forward projecting part of the head of certain animals; includes the jaws and nose
     part:  snout__neb  a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose
  part:  ear  the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium
     part:  vestibule_of_the_ear  the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear
     part:  eardrum__tympanum__tympanic_membrane__myringa  the membrane in the ear that vibrates to sound
        part:  umbo  a slight rounded elevation where the malleus attaches to the eardrum
     part:  organ_of_hearing  the part of the ear that is responsible for sensations of sound
     part:  fenestra  a small membrane-covered opening (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)
     part:  auricular_artery__auricularartery__arteria_auricularis__arteriaauriculari  artery that supplies blood to the ear
  part:  basilar_artery__basilarartery__arteria_basilaris__arteriabasilari  an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear
  part:  encephalon__brain  that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
     part:  fornix  an arched bundle of white fibers at the base of the brain by which the hippocampus of each hemisphere projects to the contralateral hippocampus and to the thalamus and mamillary bodies
        part:  carina_fornicis  ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain
     part:  circle_of_Willis  a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
     part:  communicating_artery__communicatingartery__arteria_communicans__arteriacommunican  any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
     part:  brain_cell__braincell  a nerve cell in the brain
     part:  neencephalon__neoencephalon  the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
     part:  forebrain__prosencephalon  the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
        part:  peduncle  a bundle of myelinated neurons joining different parts of the brain
        part:  corpus_callosum  a broad transverse nerve tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
        part:  telencephalon  the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus
           part:  cerebrum  anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans
              part:  cerebral_hemisphere__hemisphere  either half of the cerebrum
              part:  cerebral_cortex__cerebral_mantle__pallium  the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum
                 part:  Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell  a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
                 part:  cortical_area__cortical_region  any of various regions of the cerebral cortex
                 part:  frontal_lobe__frontallobe  that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying directly behind the forehead
                    part:  frontal_area__frontalarea__frontal_cortex__frontalcortex  the cortex of the frontal lobe
                    part:  precentral_gyrus  the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central gyrus
                 part:  prefrontal_lobe  the anterior part of the frontal lobe
                 part:  parietal_lobe  that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying below the crown of the head
                    part:  postcentral_gyrus__postcentralgyru  the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central gyrus
                 part:  occipital_lobe__occipitallobe  that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying in the back of the head
                 part:  temporal_lobe  that part of the cerebral cortex in either hemisphere of the brain lying inside the temples of the head
                    part:  amygdala__amygdaloid_nucleus__corpus_amygdaloideum  an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
              part:  gyrus__gyru__convolution  a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain
        part:  diencephalon__interbrain__betweenbrain__thalmencephalon  the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon
           part:  third_eye__thirdeye__pineal_eye  a sensory structure capable of light reception located on the dorsal side of the diencephalon in various reptiles
           part:  basal_ganglion__basalganglion  any of several masses of subcortical gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
           part:  thalamus  large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
              part:  geniculate_body  one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex
           part:  hypothalamus  a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
     part:  midbrain__mesencephalon  the middle portion of the brain
     part:  hindbrain__rhombencephalon  the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and pons and medulla oblongata
        part:  cerebellum  a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans
           part:  cerebellar_artery__arteria_cerebelli__arteriacerebelli  an artery that supplies the cerebellum
           part:  paleocerebellum  the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
        part:  medulla_oblongata__medullaoblongata__medulla  lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning"
           part:  respiratory_center__respiratorycenter  the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
        part:  myelencephalon  the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
        part:  pons_Varolii__pons  a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
           part:  respiratory_center__respiratorycenter  the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
     part:  brainstem__brain_stem__brainstem  the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
        part:  reticular_formation__reticularformation__RF  a complex neural network in the central core of the brainstem; monitors the state of the body and functions in such processes as arousal and sleep and attention and muscle tone
           part:  reticular_activating_system__RAS  the network in the reticular formation that serves an alerting or arousal function
     part:  ventricle  one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
        part:  spinal_fluid__cerebrospinal_fluid__cerebrospinalfluid  clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord
  part:  skull  the bony skeleton of the head of vertebrates
     part:  craniometric_point  a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken
     part:  cheekbone__zygomatic_bone__zygomaticbone__mala__malar_bone__malarbone__jugal_bone__jugalbone__os_zygomaticum  the arch of bone beneath the eye that forms the prominence of the cheek
        part:  jugale__jugal_point__jugalpoint  the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
        part:  zygoma__zygomatic_arch__zygomaticarch__arcus_zygomaticus__arcuszygomaticu  the slender arch formed by the temporal process of the cheekbone that bridges to the zygomatic process of the temporal bone
        part:  zygomatic_process__zygomaticproces  a slender process of the temporal bone that strengthens the zygomatic arch
     part:  sphenoid_bone__sphenoid__os_sphenoidale  butterfly-shaped bone at the base of the skull
        part:  crotaphion  the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
        part:  pterygoid_process__pterygoidproces  two bony processes descending from the body of the sphenoid bone
     part:  eye_socket__eyesocket__orbit__cranial_orbit__cranialorbit__orbital_cavity__orbitalcavity  the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
        part:  lacrimal_bone  small fragile bone making up part of the front inner walls of each eye socket and providing room for the passage of the lacrimal ducts
     part:  endocranium  membrane lining the inside of the skull
     part:  cranium__braincase__brainpan  the part of the skull that encloses the brain
        part:  asterion  the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture
        part:  stephanion  the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus
        part:  ethmoid_bone__ethmoidbone__ethmoid  one of the eight bones of the cranium; a small bone filled with air spaces that forms part of the eye sockets and the nasal cavity
        part:  temporal_bone__os_temporale  a thick bone forming the side of the human cranium and encasing the inner ear
           part:  glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa__mandibular_fossa  a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible
           part:  tympanic_bone  the bone enclosing the middle ear
           part:  mastoid_process__mastoidproces__mastoid__mastoidal  process of the temporal bone behind the ear at the base of the skull
              part:  mastoidale  the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
           part:  styloid_process  extends from the base of the temporal bone
        part:  calvaria__skullcap  the dome of the skull
        part:  frontal_bone__frontalbone__os_frontale__forehead  the large cranial bone forming the front part of the cranium: the forehead and the upper part of the orbits
           part:  glabella__mesophyron  a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges
           part:  metopion  the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull
           part:  ophryon  the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits
           part:  frontal_eminence__frontaleminence  either prominence of the frontal bone above each orbit
        part:  parietal_bone  either of two skull bones between the frontal and occipital bones and forming the top and sides of the cranium
           part:  entomion  the craniometric point at the tip of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone
           part:  sphenion  the anterior tip of the parietal bone
        part:  occipital_bone__occipitalbone  a saucer-shaped membrane bone that forms the back of the skull
           part:  inion  the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)
           part:  occipital_protuberance__occipitalprotuberance  prominence on the outer surface of the occipital bone
        part:  coronal_suture__coronalsuture__sutura_coronalis  the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull
        part:  frontal_suture__frontalsuture__sutura_frontalis  the suture between two halves of the frontal bone (usually obliterated by the age of 6)
        part:  lamboid_suture__lamboidsuture__sutura_lamboidea  the suture between the occipital and parietal bones
        part:  occipitomastoid_suture__occipitomastoidsuture  the suture between the occipital and the temporal bones; a continuation of the lamboid suture
        part:  parietomastoid_suture  the suture between the parietal and the temporal bones
        part:  sagittal_suture__interparietal_suture__interparietalsuture__sutura_sagittalis  the suture uniting the two parietal bones
        part:  fontanelle__fontanel__soft_spot  any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus
        part:  foramen_magnum__foramenmagnum  the large opening at the base of the cranium through which the spinal cord passes
     part:  jaw  the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
        part:  lower_jaw__lowerjaw__mandible__mandibula__submaxilla__lower_jawbone__lowerjawbone__jawbone__jowl  the lower jawbone in vertebrates; it is hinged to open the mouth
           part:  gnathion  the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline
           part:  gonion  the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw
           part:  mandibular_notch  small indentation in the middle of the lower jawbone
           part:  pogonion  the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin
           part:  symphysion  the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible
           part:  condylar_process__condyloid_process__condyloidproces__mandibular_condyle  the condyle of the ramus of the mandible that articulates with the skull
           part:  coronoid_process_of_the_mandible  the coronoid process that provides an attachment for the temporal muscle
              part:  coronion  the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
        part:  upper_jaw__upperjaw__upper_jawbone__upperjawbone__maxilla  the upper jawbone in vertebrates ; it is fused to the cranium
           part:  hard_palate  the bony part of the roof of the mouth
           part:  intermaxillary_suture__sutura_intermaxillaris  the suture between the two maxillae of the upper jawbone
        part:  alveolar_arch  the part of the upper or lower jawbones in which the teeth are set
        part:  alveolar_ridge__gum_ridge__gumridge__alveolar_process  a ridge that forms the borders of the upper and lower jaws and contains the sockets of the teeth
           part:  tooth_socket__toothsocket__alveolus  a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth
           part:  alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris  a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
     part:  vomer  thin trapezoidal bone of the skull forming the posterior and inferior parts of the nasal septum
  part:  human_face__humanface  the front of the head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear; "he washed his face"; "I wish I had seen the look on his face when he got the news"
     part:  face_fungus__beard__whiskers  the hair growing on the lower part of a man's face
        part:  mustache__moustache  an unshaved growth of hair on the upper lip; "he looked younger after he shaved off his mustache"
     part:  mouth  the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
        part:  oral_cavity__mouth__oral_fissure__rima_oris  the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy"
           part:  dentition__teeth  the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal
           part:  lingua__tongue__glossa__clapper  a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity
              part:  tastebud__taste_bud__tastebud__gustatory_organ__gustatoryorgan  an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
                 part:  neuroepithelium  epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
                 part:  taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell  an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
           part:  buccal_cavity  the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks
           part:  gingiva__gum  the tissue (covered by mucous membrane) of the jaws that surrounds the bases of the teeth
           part:  palate__roof_of_the_mouth  the upper surface of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities
              part:  tastebud__taste_bud__tastebud__gustatory_organ__gustatoryorgan  an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
              part:  soft_palate__velum  a muscular flap that closes off the nasopharynx during swallowing or speaking
                 part:  uvula  a small pendant fleshy lobe at the back of the soft palate
              part:  hard_palate  the bony part of the roof of the mouth
           part:  salivary_gland  any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion
              part:  saliva__spit__spittle  a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches
        part:  lip  fleshy folds of tissue as those surrounding the mouth
           part:  labial_artery__arteria_labialis  a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth
           part:  labial_vein__vena_labialis  a vein draining the lips of the mouth
        part:  lingual_artery__lingualartery__arteria_lingualis__arterialinguali  an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
        part:  lingual_vein__lingualvein__vena_lingualis  a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein
     part:  eye__oculu__optic__peeper  the organ of sight (`peeper' is an informal term for `eye')
        part:  choroid_coat__choroidcoat__choroid  a highly vascular membrane in the eye between the retina and the sclera
        part:  ciliary_body__ciliarybody  the part of the tunic of the eye between the choroid coat and the iris
        part:  eyelid__lid  either of two folds of skin that can be moved to cover or open the eye; "his lids would stay open no longer"
           part:  eyelash__lash__cilium  any of the short curved hairs that grow from the edges of the eyelids
           part:  conjunctiva  a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
        part:  canthus  either of the corners of the eye where the upper and lower eyelids meet
        part:  epicanthus__epicanthic_fold  a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; normal for Mongolian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome
        part:  nictitating_membrane__nictitatingmembrane__thirdeyelid  a protective fold of skin in the eyes of reptiles and birds and some mammals
        part:  conjunctiva  a transparent membrane covering the eyeball and under surface of the eyelid
        part:  eyeball  the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye
        part:  ocular_muscle__eye_muscle__eyemuscle  one of the small muscles of the eye that serve to rotate the eyeball
        part:  cornea  transparent anterior portion of the outer covering of the eye; it covers the lens and iris and is continuous with the sclera
        part:  uvea  the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
        part:  iris  muscular diaphragm that controls the size of the pupil; it forms the colored portion of the eye
           part:  pupil  contractile aperture in the iris of the eye
        part:  crystalline_lens__lens  biconvex transparent body situated behind the iris in the eye; it focuses light waves on the retina
           part:  lens_capsule  a tenuous mesoblastic membrane surrounding the lens
        part:  central_artery_of_the_retina__arteria_centralis_retinae__arteriacentralisretinae  a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve
        part:  ciliary_artery__ciliaryartery__arteria_ciliaris  one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye
        part:  lacrimal_artery__arteria_lacrimalis  an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead
        part:  lacrimal_vein__vena_lacrimalis  drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein
        part:  lacrimal_apparatus  the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye
           part:  lacrimal_gland__lachrymal_gland__lachrymalgland__tear_gland  any of the glands in the eyes that secrete tears
           part:  lacrimal_duct__lachrymal_duct__lachrymalduct__tear_duct  any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
           part:  lacrimal_sac__tear_sac__dacryocyst  either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
        part:  retina  the light-sensitive membrane covering the back wall of the eyeball; it is continuous with the optic nerve
           part:  neuroepithelium  epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
           part:  fovea_centralis__foveacentrali__fovea  area consisting of a small depression in the retina containing cones and where vision is most acute
           part:  parafovea  area of the retina immediately surrounding the fovea
           part:  macula_lutea__macula__macular_area__maculararea__yellow_spot  a yellowish central area of the retina that is rich in cones
           part:  visual_cell  one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
           part:  blind_spot__blindspot__optic_disc__opticdisc__optic_disk__opticdisk  the point where the optic nerve enters the retina; not sensitive to light
           part:  retinal_cone__retinalcone__cone__cone_cell  visual receptor cell sensitive to color
              part:  iodopsin  a violet photopigment in the retinal cones of the eyes of most vertebrates; plays a role in daylight vision
           part:  retinal_rod__retinalrod__rod__rodcell  visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light
              part:  visual_purple__rhodopsin__retinal_purple__retinalpurple  a red photopigment in the retinal rods of vertebrates; dissociates into retinene by light
        part:  sclera__sclerotic_coat__scleroticcoat  whitish fibrous membrane (albuginea) that with the cornea forms the outer covering of the eyeball
        part:  pupillary_sphincter__pupillarysphincter__musculus_sphincter_pupillae  a ring of smooth muscle surrounding the iris
     part:  eyebrow__brow__supercilium  the arch of hair above each eye
        part:  venae_palpebrales__venaepalpebrale  veins of the eyelids
     part:  facial_vein__vena_facialis  any of several veins draining the face
     part:  facial_nerve__facial__nervus_facialis__seventh_cranial_nerve__seventhcranialnerve  cranial nerve that supplies facial muscles
     part:  olfactory_organ__olfactoryorgan__nose  the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals; "he has a cold in the nose"
        part:  turbinate_bone__turbinatebone__turbinate__turbinal  any of the scrolled spongy bones of the nasal passages in man and other vertebrates
        part:  ethmoidal_artery__ethmoidalartery__arteriaethmoidali  a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule
        part:  nasal_cavity__nasalcavity  either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx
           part:  neuroepithelium  epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
        part:  internasal_suture__sutura_internasalis  the suture between the two nasal bones
        part:  bridge.anatomical_structure  the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose"
           part:  nasal_bone__nasalbone__nasal__osnasale  an elongated rectangular bone that forms the bridge of the nose
              part:  rhinion  the anterior tip at the end of the suture of the nasal bones
        part:  nostril__anterior_naris  either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose
     part:  chin__mentum  the protruding part of the lower jaw
        part:  goatee  a small chin beard trimmed into a point; named for its resemblance to a goat's beard
     part:  lineament__feature  the characteristics parts of a person's face: eyes and nose and mouth and chin; "an expression of pleasure crossed his features"; "his lineaments were very regular"
     part:  facial_muscle  any of the skeletal muscles of the face
     part:  brow__forehead  the part of the face above the eyes
        part:  trichion__crinion  point where the hairline meets the midpoint of the forehead
     part:  cheek  either side of the face below the eyes
        part:  cheek_muscle__cheekmuscle__buccinator_muscle__musculus_buccinator  a muscle that flatten the cheek and retracts the angle of the mouth
        part:  buccal_artery__arteria_buccalis  a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek
     part:  jowl  a fullness and looseness of the flesh of the lower cheek and jaw (characteristic of aging)
     part:  jaw.lineament  the bones of the skull that frame the mouth and serve to open it; the bones that hold the teeth
  part:  temple.lineament  the flat area on either side of the forehead; "the veins in his temple throbbed"

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