#gymnosperm  plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary
  supertype:  #spermatophyte__phanerogam__seed_plant  plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores
  member of:  #class_Gymnospermae
  subtype:  #progymnosperm  an ancestral fossil type from which modern gymnosperms are thought to have derived
  subtype:  #welwitschia__Welwitschia_mirabilis  curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old
  subtype:  #cycad  any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves
     subtype:  #Cycas_revoluta__sago_palm  dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago
        subtype:  #false_sago__falsesago__fern_palm__Cycas_circinalis  southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage
     subtype:  #zamia  any of various cycads of the genus Zamia; among the smallest and most verdant cycads
        subtype:  #coontie__Florida_arrowroot__Seminole_bread__Zamia_pumila  small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot
     subtype:  #ceratozamia  a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico
     subtype:  #dioon  any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks
     subtype:  #encephalartos__encephalarto  any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves
     subtype:  #kaffir_bread__Encephalartos_caffer  South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food
     subtype:  #macrozamia  any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia
     subtype:  #Macrozamia_communis__burrawong  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
     subtype:  #burrawong__Macrozamia_spiralis  large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
  subtype:  #seed_fern__pteridosperm  an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)

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