#geological_formation__geology the geological features of the earth
supertype: #natural_object__naturalobject an object occurring naturally; not made by man
subtype: #aquifer underground bed or layer yielding ground water for wells and springs etc
subtype: #beach an area of sand sloping down to the water of a sea or lake
subtype: #plage the beach at a seaside resort
subtype: #cliff__drop-off a steep high face of rock
subtype: #crag a steep rugged rock or cliff
subtype: #precipice a very steep cliff
subtype: #delta a low triangular area where a river divides before entering a larger body of water
subtype: #folium a thin layer or stratum of (especially metamorphic) rock
subtype: #foreshore the part of the seashore between the high-water and and low-water marks
subtype: #ice_mass a large mass of ice
subtype: #glacier a slowly moving mass of ice
subtype: #Alpine_glacier__Alpine_type_of_glacier a glacier that moves down from a high valley
subtype: #continental_glacier__continentalglacier a glacier that spreads out from a central mass of ice
subtype: #polar_glacier__polarglacier a glacier near the Arctic or Antarctic poles
subtype: #Piedmont_glacier__Piedmont_type_of_glacier a type of glaciation characteristic of Alaska; large valley glaciers meet to form an almost stagnant sheet of ice
subtype: #Great_Mendenhall_Glacier__Mendenhall_Glacier a glacier of the Piedmont type near Juneau in Alaska
subtype: #iceberg__berg a large mass of ice floating at sea; usually broken off of a polar glacier
subtype: #growler a small iceberg or ice floe just large enough to be hazardous for shipping
subtype: #icecap__ice_cap__icecap a mass of ice and snow that permanently covers a large area of land (e.g., the polar regions or a mountain peak)
subtype: #ice_field__icefield a large flat mass of ice (larger than an ice floe) floating at sea
subtype: #ice_floe__icefloe__floe a flat mass of ice (smaller than an ice field) floating at sea
subtype: #lakefront land bordering a lake
subtype: #massif a block of the earth's crust bounded by faults and shifted to form peaks of a mountain range
subtype: #mouth.geological_formation the point where a stream issues into a larger body of water; "New York is at the mouth of the Hudson"
subtype: #natural_depression__naturaldepression__depression a sunken or depressed geological formation
subtype: #basin.natural_depression a natural depression in the surface of the land often with a lake at the bottom of it; "the basin of the Great Salt Lake"
subtype: #cirque__corrie__cwm a steep-walled semicircular basin in a mountain; may contain a lake
subtype: #saltpan a shallow basin in a desert region; contains salt and gypsum that was deposited by an evaporated salt lake
subtype: #tidal_basin__tidalbasin a basin that is full of water at high tide
subtype: #bed.natural_depression__bottom a depression forming the ground under a body of water; "he searched for treasure on the ocean bed"
subtype: #lake_bed__lake_bottom the bottom of a lake
subtype: #ocean_floor__oceanfloor__ocean_bottom__oceanbottom__seabed__sea_bottom__seabottom__Davy_Jones's_locker__Davy_Jones the bottom of a sea or ocean
subtype: #abyssal_zone__abyssalzone the deep sea (2000 meters or more) where there is no light
subtype: #continental_shelf__continentalshelf the relatively shallow (up to 200 meters) seabed surrounding a continent
subtype: #continental_slope__continentalslope__bathyal_zone__bathyalzone__bathyal_district__bathyaldistrict the steep descent of the seabed from the continental shelf to the abyssal zone
subtype: #riverbed__river_bottom__riverbottom a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a river
subtype: #streambed__creek_bed__creekbed a channel occupied (or formerly occupied) by a stream
subtype: #dry_wash__drywash__wash (western United States) the dry bed of an intermittent stream (as at the bottom of a canyon)
subtype: #crater a bowl-shaped depression formed by the impact of a meteorite or bomb
subtype: #collector a crater that has collected cosmic material hitting the earth
subtype: #lunar_crater__lunarcrater a crater on the Earth's moon
subtype: #Aristarchus a bright crater on the moon
subtype: #Copernicus a conspicuous crater on the moon
subtype: #hole.natural_depression__hollow a depression hollowed out of solid matter
subtype: #burrow__tunnel a hole in the ground made by an animal for shelter
subtype: #rabbit_warren.burrow__rabbitwarren__warren a series of connected underground tunnels occupied by rabbits
subtype: #gopher_hole a hole in the ground made by gophers
subtype: #cavity__pit a sizeable hole (usually in the ground); "they dug a pit to bury the body"
subtype: #barbecue_pit a pit where wood or charcoal is burned to make a bed of hot coals suitable for barbecuing meat
subtype: #borrow_pit a pit created to provide earth that can be used as fill at another site
subtype: #divot.cavity (golf) the cavity left when a piece of turf is cut from the ground by the club head in making a stroke; "it was a good drive but the ball ended up in a divot"
subtype: #fire_pit a pit whose floor is incandescent lava; "the fire pit of the crater"
subtype: #quicksand a pit filled with loose wet sand into which heavy objects sink
subtype: #sandpit a large pit in sandy ground from which sand is dug
subtype: #sawpit a pit over which lumber is positioned to be sawed by two men with a long two-handled saw
subtype: #tar_pit__tarpit a natural accumulation of bitumens at the surface of the earth; often acts as a trap for animals whose bones are thus preserved
subtype: #pothole__chuckhole a pit or hole produced by wear or weathering (especially in a road surface)
subtype: #rabbit_burrow__rabbit_hole a hole in the ground as a nest made by wild rabbits
subtype: #wormhole hole made by a burrowing worm
subtype: #lowland low level country
subtype: #landfill a low area that has been filled in
subtype: #sanitary_landfill a low area where waste is buried between layers of earth
subtype: #sinkhole__swallow_hole__swallowhole a depression in the ground communicating with a subterranean passage (especially in limestone) and formed by solution or by collapse of a cavern roof
subtype: #oceanic_abyss__oceanicabys__trench__deep a long steep-sided depression in the ocean floor
subtype: #Atacama_Trench a depression the floor of the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile
subtype: #Bougainville_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean between New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
subtype: #Japan_Trench a depression in the floor of the Pacific Ocean northeast of Japan that reaches depths of 30,000 feet
subtype: #Nares_Deep a depression in the floor of the Atlantic Ocean north of Haiti and Puerto Rico
subtype: #trough a narrow depression (as in the earth or between ocean waves or in the ocean bed)
subtype: #valley__vale a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river
subtype: #dale (British) an open river valley (in a hilly area)
subtype: #glen (Scottish) a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)
subtype: #gully deep ditch cut by running water (especially after a prolonged downpour)
subtype: #arroyo (southwestern United States) a stream or brook
subtype: #draw a gully that is shallower than a ravine
subtype: #wadi gully or streambed in North Africa and the Middle East that remains dry except during rainy season
subtype: #holler__hollow a small valley between mountains; "he built himself a cabin in a hollow high up in the Appalachians"
subtype: #dell__dingle a small wooded hollow
subtype: #nullah a ravine or gully in southern Asia
subtype: #ravine a deep narrow steep-sided valley (especially one formed by running water)
subtype: #canyon__canon (North America) a ravine formed by a river in an area with little rainfall
subtype: #gorge a deep ravine (usually with a river running through it)
subtype: #gulch__flume a narrow gorge with a stream running through it
instance: #Grand_Canyon #Olduvai_Gorge
subtype: #rift_valley a valley with steep sides; formed by a rift in the earth's crust
instance: #San_Joaquin_Valley #Shenandoah_Valley
subtype: #natural_elevation__naturalelevation__elevation a raised or elevated geological formation
subtype: #highland__upland elevated (e.g., mountainous) land
subtype: #down.highland (usually plural) a rolling treeless highland with little soil
subtype: #tableland__plateau a relatively flat highland
subtype: #Colorado_Plateau a large plateau south and west of the Rocky Mountains; abuts mountains on the north and east and ends in an escarpment overlooking lowlands to the south and west; the Grand Canyon of the Colorado River is carved out of the southwestern corner
subtype: #Llano_Estacado a large semiarid plateau forming the southern part of the Great Plains
subtype: #mesa__table flat tableland with steep edges; "the tribe was relatively safe on the mesa but they had to descend into the valley for water"
subtype: #terrace__bench a level shelf of land interrupting a declivity (with steep slopes above and below)
instance: #Ardennes
instance: #Highlands
subtype: #hill a local and well-defined elevation of the land
subtype: #foothill a relatively low hill on the lower slope of a mountain
subtype: #knoll__mound__hillock__hummock a small natural hill
subtype: #anthill__formicary a mound of earth made by ants as they dig their nest
subtype: #kopje__koppie (South Africa) a small hill rising up from the African veld
subtype: #molehill a mound of earth made by moles while burrowing
subtype: #tor a high rocky hill
instance: #Calvary__Golgotha #Zion__Sion #Palatine #Capitol_Hill__the_Hill
subtype: #hills__hill hilly land; "they loved to roam the hills of West Virginia"; "the Black Hills"
subtype: #foothills__foothill hilly land on the lower slopes of mountains
instance: #Cotswolds__Cotswold_Hills #Nilgiri_Hills #Black_Hills
subtype: #mountain__mount a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill
subtype: #alp any high mountain
subtype: #ben (in Scotland or Ireland) a mountain or tall hill; "they were climbing the ben"
subtype: #seamount an underwater mountain rising above the ocean floor
subtype: #guyot a seamount of volcanic origin (especially in the Pacific Ocean)
subtype: #volcano a mountain formed by volcanic material
instance: #Cameroon #Citlaltepetl__Mount_Orizaba__Mt_Orizaba__Pico_de_Orizaba #Nevado_de_Colima__Colima__Volcan_de_Colima #Cotacachi #Cotopaxi #Demavend #El_Misti #Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna #Fuego #Fuji-san__Fuji__Fujiyama #Galeras__Pasto #Guallatiri #Huainaputina #Klyuchevskaya #Krakatau__Krakatao__Krakatoa #Lascar #Mauna_Kea #Mauna_Loa #Purace #Sangay #Tupungatito #Mount_Saint_Helens__Mount_St._Helens__Mt._St._Helens #Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius
instance: #Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos
subtype: #promontory__headland__foreland a natural elevation (especially a rocky one that juts out into the sea)
subtype: #Cape_Canaveral__Cape_Kennedy a sandy promontory (formerly Cape Kennedy) extending into the Atlantic Ocean from a barrier island off the eastern coast of Florida; the site of a NASA center for spaceflight
subtype: #Cape_Sable a promontory on the far southern part of Nova Scotia
subtype: #Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
subtype: #mull a term used in Scottish names of promontories; "the Mull of Kintyre"
subtype: #point.promontory a promontory extending out into a large body of water; "they sailed south around the point"
instance: #Cape_Horn #Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe #Cape_Hatteras
subtype: #ridge a long narrow natural elevation or striation
subtype: #bank.ridge a long ridge or pile; "a huge bank of earth"
subtype: #bluff a high steep bank (usually formed by river erosion)
subtype: #sandbank a submerged bank of sand near a shore or in a river; can be exposed at low tide
subtype: #shoal a sandbank in a stretch of water that is visible at low tide
subtype: #bar.ridge a submerged (or partly submerged) ridge in a river or along a shore
subtype: #sandbar__sand_bar a bar of sand
subtype: #sand_dune__dune a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans
subtype: #ledge__shelf a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water
subtype: #reef a submerged ridge of rock or coral near the surface of the water
subtype: #coral_reef__coralreef a reef consisting of coral consolidated into limestone
subtype: #atoll an island consisting of a circular coral reef surrounding a lagoon
instance: #Kwajalein #Eniwetok.atoll__eniwetok #Kwajalein.atoll__kwajalein #Midway_Islands
subtype: #barrier_reef__barrierreef a long coral reef near and parallel to the shore
subtype: #Florida_keys__key__cay a coral reef off the southern coast of Florida
subtype: #ripple_mark one of a series of small ridges produced in sand by water currents or by wind
subtype: #swell a rounded elevation (especially one on an ocean floor)
subtype: #oceanfront land bordering an ocean
subtype: #Pillars_of_Hercules the two promontories at the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar; according to legend they were formed by Hercules
subtype: #range_of_mountains__range__mountain_range__chain__mountain_chain__chain_of_mountains a series of hills or mountains; "the valley was between two ranges of hills"; "the plains lay just beyond the mountain range"
subtype: #Admiralty_Range mountains in Antarctica north of Victoria Land
subtype: #Balkans__Balkan_Mountains__Balkan_Mountain_Range the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula
subtype: #Black_Hills.range_of_mountains__blackhill mountains in southwestern South Dakota and northeastern Wyoming; sacred to the Sioux (whites settling in the Black Hills led to the Battle of Little Bighorn); site of Mount Rushmore
subtype: #Cantabrian_Mountains a range of mountains in northern Spain along the coast of the Bay of Biscay
subtype: #Caucasus_Mountains__Caucasus the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia
subtype: #Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
subtype: #Guadalupe_Mountains a mountain range in southern New Mexico and western Texas; the southern extension of the Sacramento Mountains
subtype: #Mesabi_Range a range of hills in northeastern Minnesota where rich iron ore deposits were discovered in 1887
subtype: #Nan_Ling a mountain range in southeastern China running generally east to west
subtype: #Sacramento_Mountains mountain range in New Mexico east of the Rio Grande
subtype: #sierra a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)
instance: #Adirondacks__Adirondack_Mountains #Alaska_Range #Alleghenies__Allegheny_Mountains #the_Alps__Alps #Andes #Apennines #Appalachians__Appalachian_Mountains #Berkshires__Berkshire_Hills #Blue_Ridge_Mountains__Blue_Ridge #Cascades__Cascade_Range #Catskills__Catskill_Mountains #Coast_Range__Coast_Mountains #Cumberland_Mountains__Cumberland_Plateau #Great_Smoky_Mountains #Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya #Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush #Karakoram_Range__Karakoram__Karakorum_Range__Mustagh__Mustagh_Range #Kunlun_Mountains__Kunlun__Kuenlun__Kuenlun_Mountains #Ozarks__Ozark_Mountains__Ozark_Plateau #Pyrenees #Rockies__Rocky_Mountains #Sierra_Madre_Occidental #Sierra_Madre_Oriental #Sierra_Nevada_Mountains__Sierra_Nevada__High_Sierra #Sierra_Nevada #St._Elias_Range__St._Elias_Mountains #Teton_Range #Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan #Urals__Ural_Mountains
subtype: #relict geological feature that is a remnant of a pre-existing formation after other parts have disappeared
subtype: #ridge.geological_formation a long narrow range of hills
subtype: #arete a sharp narrow ridge found in rugged mountains
subtype: #shore the land along the edge of a body of water (a lake or ocean or river)
subtype: #lakeside__lakeshore the shore of a lake
subtype: #seashore__coast__seacoast__sea-coast__seacoast the shore of a sea or ocean
subtype: #littoral_zone__littoral__litoral__sands__sand the region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean
subtype: #Atlantic_Coast a coast of the Atlantic Ocean
subtype: #landfall.seashore the seacoast first sighted on a voyage (or flight over water)
subtype: #Pacific_Coast a coast of the Pacific Ocean
subtype: #seaside the shore of a sea or ocean regarded as a resort
instance: #Barbary_Coast.North_Africa__barbarycoast #Aeolis__Aeolia
subtype: #strand.shore a poetic term for a shore (as the area periodically covered and uncovered by the tides)
subtype: #incline__side an elevated geological formation; "he climbed the steep slope"; "the house was built on the side of the mountain"
subtype: #acclivity__ascent__rise__raise__climb__upgrade an upward slope or grade (as in a road); "the car couldn't make the grade"
subtype: #uphill the upward slope of a hill
subtype: #bank sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water); "they pulled the canoe up on the bank"; "he sat on the bank of the river and watched the currents"
subtype: #riverbank__riverside the bank of a river
subtype: #waterside land bordering a body of water
subtype: #cant__bank__camber a slope in the turn of a road or track; the outside is higher than the inside in order to reduce the effects of centrifugal force
subtype: #canyonside the steeply sloping side of a canyon
subtype: #declivity__descent__fall__decline__downslope a downward slope
subtype: #downhill.declivity the downward slope of a hill
subtype: #steep a steep place (as on a hill)
subtype: #escarpment__scarp a long steep slope or cliff at the edge of a plateau or ridge; usually formed by erosion
subtype: #hillside the side or slope of a hill
subtype: #brae (Scotland) a slope or hillside
subtype: #mountainside__versant the side or slope of a mountain; "conifer forests cover the eastern versant"
subtype: #natural_spring__naturalspring__spring__fountain__outflow__outpouring a natural flow of ground water
subtype: #geyser a spring that discharges hot water and steam
subtype: #Old_Faithful a geyser in Yellowstone National Park that erupts for about 4 minutes about every 65 minutes
subtype: #hot_spring__hotspring__thermal_spring__thermalspring a natural spring of water at a temperature of 70 F or above
instance: #Fountain_of_Youth
subtype: #talus__talu__scree a sloping mass of rocks at the base of a cliff
subtype: #mineral_vein__mineralvein__vein a layer of ore between layers of rock
subtype: #bonanza an especially rich vein of precious ore
subtype: #wall.geological_formation a vertical (or almost vertical) smooth rock face (as of a cave or mountain)
subtype: #water_table__water_level__groundwater_level__groundwaterlevel underground surface below which the ground is wholly saturated with water: "spring rains had raised the water table"
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