#family (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera; "sharks belong to the fish family"
supertype: taxonomic_group__taxonomicgroup__taxon animal or plant group having natural relations
member: subfamily tribe genus
member of: order.taxonomic_group
subtype: bacteria_family a family of bacteria
subtype: family_Rhizobiaceae__Rhizobiaceae a small family of rod-shaped bacteria
subtype: family_Bacillaceae__Bacillaceae typically rod-shaped usually gram-positive bacteria that produce endospores
subtype: family_Myxophyceae__Myxophyceae__Schizophyceae__family_Schizophyceae former terms for Cyanophyceae
subtype: family_Nostocaceae__Nostocaceae blue-green algae
subtype: family_Oscillatoriaceae__Oscillatoriaceae blue green algae
subtype: family_Pseudomonodaceae__Pseudomonodaceae rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria; include important plant and animal pathogens
subtype: family_Athiorhodaceae__Athiorhodaceae small motile sulphur bacteria
subtype: family_Thiobacteriaceae__Thiobacteriaceae free-living coccoid to rod-shaped bacteria that derive energy from oxidizing sulfur or sulfur compounds
subtype: family_Spirillaceae__Spirillaceae rigid spirally curved elongate bacteria
subtype: family_Bacteroidaceae__Bacteroidaceae family of bacteria living usually in the alimentary canal or on mucous surfaces of warm-blooded animals; sometimes associated with acute infective processes
subtype: family_Enterobacteriaceae__Enterobacteriaceae a large family of gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria of the order Eubacteriales
subtype: family_Rickettsiaceae__Rickettsiaceae microorganism resembling bacteria inhabiting arthropod tissues but capable of causing disease in vertebrates
subtype: family_Chlamydiaceae__Chlamydiaceae gram-negative parasites in warm-blooded vertebrates
subtype: family_Mycoplasmataceae__Mycoplasmataceae pleomorphic gram-negative nonmotile microorganism similar to both viruses and bacteria; parasitic in mammals
subtype: family_Actinomycetaceae__Actinomycetaceae filamentous anaerobic bacteria
subtype: family_Streptomycetaceae__Streptomycetaceae higher bacteria typically aerobic soil saprophytes
subtype: family_Mycobacteriaceae__Mycobacteriaceae a family of bacteria
subtype: family_Polyangiaceae__Polyangiaceae__Myxobacteriaceae__family_Myxobacteriaceae bacteria living mostly in soils and on dung
subtype: family_Micrococcaceae__Micrococcaceae spherical or elliptical usually aerobic eubacteria that produce yellow or orange or red pigment; includes toxin-producing forms as well as harmless commensals and saprophytes
subtype: family_Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacillaceae__Lactobacteriaceae__family_Lactobacteriaceae lactic acid bacteria and important pathogens; bacteria that ferment carbohydrates chiefly into lactic acid
subtype: family_Spirochaetaceae__Spirochaetaceae large coarsely spiral bacteria; free-living in fresh or salt water or commensal in bodies of oysters
subtype: family_Treponemataceae__Treponemataceae small spirochetes some parasitic or pathogenic
subtype: protoctist_family any of the families of Protoctista
subtype: family_Globigerinidae__Globigerinidae a family of protoctists
subtype: family_Nummulitidae__Nummulitidae a family of fossil protoctists
subtype: family_Arcellidae__Arcellidae soil an freshwater protozoa; cosmopolitan
subtype: family_Tribonemaceae__Tribonemaceae simple filamentous freshwater yellow-green algae
subtype: family_Laminariaceae__Laminariaceae large family of marine brown algae including many economically important large kelps chiefly of northern waters
subtype: family_Fucaceae__Fucaceae small family of brown algae: gulfweeds; rockweeds
subtype: family_Euglenaceae__Euglenaceae considered green algae
subtype: family_Ulvaceae__Ulvaceae__sea-lettuce_family__sealettucefamily thin flat or tubular green algae
subtype: family_Volvocaceae__Volvocaceae unicellular or colonial biflagellate free-swimming flagellates
subtype: family_Chlamydomonadaceae__Chlamydomonadaceae green algae some of which are colored red by hematochrome
subtype: family_Zygnemataceae__Zygnemataceae pond scums: common freshwater algae forming green slimy masses
subtype: family_Oedogoniaceae__Oedogoniaceae filamentous green algae
subtype: family_Characeae__Characeae green algae superficially resembling horsetail ferns: stoneworts
subtype: family_Desmidiaceae__Desmidiaceae unicellular algae
subtype: family_Gigartinaceae__Gigartinaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: family_Rhodymeniaceae__Rhodymeniaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: family_Bangiaceae__Bangiaceae a family of protoctista
subtype: family_Peridiniidae__Peridiniidae marine and freshwater dinoflagellates
subtype: family_Eimeriidae__Eimeriidae a family of protoctista in the order Coccidia
subtype: family_Plasmodiidae__Plasmodiidae malaria parasites
subtype: family_Haemoproteidae__Haemoproteidae bird parasites
subtype: family_Babesiidae__Babesiidae piroplasms and cattle pathogens
subtype: family_Endamoebidae__Endamoebidae a large family of endoparasitic amebas that invade the digestive tract
subtype: fish_family any of various families of fish
subtype: family_Cobitidae__Cobitidae loaches
subtype: family_Cyprinidae__Cyprinidae a family of fish including: carp; tench; roach; rudd; dace
subtype: family_Electrophoridae__Electrophoridae small family comprising the electric eels
subtype: family_Catostomidae__Catostomidae suckers; closely related to the family Cyprinidae
subtype: family_Cyprinodontidae__Cyprinodontidae large family of small soft-finned fishes; killifishes; flagfishes; swordtails; guppies
subtype: family_Poeciliidae__Poeciliidae topminnows
subtype: family_Holocentridae__Holocentridae squirrelfishes and soldierfishes
subtype: family_Anomalopidae__Anomalopidae a family of fish including: flashlight fishes
subtype: family_Zeidae__Zeidae a family of fish in the order Zeomorphi
subtype: family_Caproidae__Caproidae boarfishes
subtype: family_Fistulariidae__Fistulariidae cornetfishes
subtype: family_Gasterosteidae__Gasterosteidae sticklebacks
subtype: family_Syngnathidae__Syngnathidae pipefishes
subtype: family_Macrorhamphosidae__Macrorhamphosidae bellows fishes
subtype: family_Centriscidae__Centriscidae shrimpfishes
subtype: family_Aulostomidae__Aulostomidae trumpetfishes
subtype: family_Petromyzontidae__Petromyzontidae lampreys
subtype: family_Myxinidae__Myxinidae slime-producing marine animals: hagfishes
subtype: family_Chimaeridae__Chimaeridae a family of Holocephali
subtype: family_Hexanchidae__Hexanchidae primitive sharks
subtype: family_Lamnidae__Lamnidae oceanic sharks
subtype: family_Isuridae__Isuridae in some classifications another name for the family Lamnidae
subtype: family_Cetorhinidae__Cetorhinidae in some older classifications considered the family of the basking sharks
subtype: family_Alopiidae__Alopiidae thresher sharks
subtype: family_Orectolobidae__Orectolobidae nurse sharks and carpet sharks
subtype: family_Carchariidae__Carchariidae__Odontaspididae__family_Odontaspididae sand sharks; in some classifications coextensive with family Carcharhinidae
subtype: family_Rhincodontidae__Rhincodontidae small-toothed sharks comprising only one species
subtype: family_Scyliorhinidae__Scyliorhinidae small bottom-dwelling sharks
subtype: family_Carcharhinidae__Carcharhinidae largest family of living sharks; found worldwide especially in tropical waters; dorsal fin lacks spines: requiem sharks including tiger sharks and soupfin sharks
subtype: family_Triakidae__Triakidae small smooth-skinned sharks lacking spines on dorsal fins
subtype: family_Squalidae__Squalidae dogfishes having a spine in each dorsal fin
subtype: family_Sphyrnidae__Sphyrnidae hammerhead sharks; bonnethead sharks
subtype: family_Squatinidae__Squatinidae bottom-dwelling ray-like sharks
subtype: family_Torpedinidae__Torpedinidae electric rays
subtype: family_Pristidae__Pristidae large primitive rays with elongated snouts
subtype: family_Rhinobatidae__Rhinobatidae primitive rays with guitar-shaped bodies
subtype: family_Dasyatidae__Dasyatidae sting rays
subtype: family_Myliobatidae__Myliobatidae eagle rays
subtype: family_Mobulidae__Mobulidae large rays lacking venomous spines: mantas
subtype: family_Rajidae__Rajidae bottom-dwelling tropical rays: skates
subtype: family_Latimeridae__Latimeridae extinct except for the coelacanth
subtype: family_Ceratodontidae__Ceratodontidae lungfishes having hornlike ridges on the teeth
subtype: family_Siluridae__Siluridae Old World catfishes
subtype: family_Ameiuridae__Ameiuridae North American catfishes
subtype: family_Laricariidae__Laricariidae armored catfish
subtype: family_Ariidae__Ariidae sea catfishes
subtype: family_Gadidae__Gadidae large family of important mostly marine food fishes
subtype: family_Macrouridae__Macrouridae__Macruridae__family_Macruridae grenadiers
subtype: family_Anguillidae__Anguillidae eels that live in fresh water as adults but return to the sea to spawn
subtype: family_Muraenidae__Muraenidae marine eels
subtype: family_Congridae__Congridae marine eels
subtype: family_Gonorhynchidae__Gonorhynchidae coextensive with the genus Gonorhynchus
subtype: family_Clupeidae__Clupeidae herrings; shad; sardines; etc.
subtype: family_Engraulidae__Engraulidae anchovies
subtype: family_Salmonidae__Salmonidae salmon and trout
subtype: family_Coregonidae__Coregonidae soft-finned fishes comprising the freshwater whitefishes; formerly included in the family Salmonidae
subtype: family_Osmeridae__Osmeridae smelts
subtype: family_Elopidae__Elopidae tarpons and ladyfishes
subtype: family_Albulidae__Albulidae bonefish
subtype: family_Argentinidae__Argentinidae small marine soft-finned fishes with long silvery bodies; related to salmons and trouts
subtype: family_Myctophidae__Myctophidae deep-sea fishes comprising the lantern fishes
subtype: family_Synodontidae__Synodontidae soft-finned bottom-dwelling fishes
subtype: family_Chlorophthalmidae__Chlorophthalmidae small family of soft-finned bottom-livers with large eyes; relatives of lizardfishes
subtype: family_Lampridae__Lampridae opahs
subtype: family_Trachipteridae__Trachipteridae ribbonfishes
subtype: family_Regalecidae__Regalecidae ribbonfishes
subtype: family_Ogcocephalidae__Ogcocephalidae batfishes: sluggish bottom-dwelling spiny fishes
subtype: family_Lophiidae__Lophiidae large-headed marine fishes comprising the anglers
subtype: family_Batrachoididae__Batrachoididae toadfishes; related to anglers and batfishes
subtype: family_Antennariidae__Antennariidae frogfishes; tropical spiny-finned marine fishes having large nearly vertical mouths; related to toadfishes and anglers
subtype: family_Belonidae__Belonidae ferocious fishes of warm regions resembling but unrelated to the freshwater gars
subtype: family_Exocoetidae__Exocoetidae flying fishes; closely related to the halfbeaks
subtype: family_Hemiramphidae__Hemiramphidae halfbeaks; marine and freshwater fishes closely related to the flying fishes but not able to glide
subtype: family_Scomberesocidae__Scomberesocidae__Scombresocidae__family_Scombresocidae only sauries
subtype: family_Ophiodontidae__Ophiodontidae fishes closely related to greenlings
subtype: family_Percidae__Percidae active freshwater fishes; true perches and pike perches
subtype: family_Trichodontidae__Trichodontidae two species of elongate compressed scaleless large-eyed fishes that live in sand or mud
subtype: family_Ophidiidae__Ophidiidae eel-like marine fishes
subtype: family_Brotulidae__Brotulidae chiefly deep-sea fishes related to the Ophidiidae
subtype: family_Carapidae__Carapidae pearlfishes: related to the Brotulidae
subtype: family_Centropomidae__Centropomidae a family of fish or the order Perciformes including robolos
subtype: family_Esocidae__Esocidae pikes; pickerels; muskellunges
subtype: family_Centrarchidae__Centrarchidae sunfish family
subtype: family_Serranidae__Serranidae marine fishes: sea basses; sea perches; groupers; jewfish
subtype: family_Embiotocidae__Embiotocidae viviparous percoid fishes comprising the surf fishes
subtype: family_Priacanthidae__Priacanthidae small carnivorous percoid fishes found worldwide in tropical seas
subtype: family_Apogonidae__Apogonidae bright-colored marine fishes that incubate eggs in the mouth
subtype: family_Malacanthidae__Malacanthidae short-headed marine fishes; often brightly colored
subtype: family_Pomatomidae__Pomatomidae food and game fishes related to pompanos
subtype: family_Rachycentridae__Rachycentridae family of pelagic fishes containing solely the cobia
subtype: family_Echeneididae__Echeneididae__family_Echeneidae fishes having a sucking disk on the head for clinging to other fishes and to ships
subtype: family_Carangidae__Carangidae large family of narrow-bodied marine food fishes with widely forked tails; chiefly of warm seas
subtype: family_Coryphaenidae__Coryphaenidae large active pelagic percoid fish
subtype: family_Bramidae__Bramidae deep-bodied percoid fishes of the open seas
subtype: family_Branchiostegidae__Branchiostegidae small family of marine fishes having covered gills
subtype: family_Characidae__Characidae tropical freshwater fishes of Africa and S and Central America
subtype: family_Characinidae__Characinidae former name of the Characidae
subtype: family_Cichlidae__Cichlidae cichlids
subtype: family_Lutjanidae__Lutjanidae snappers
subtype: family_Haemulidae__Haemulidae grunts
subtype: family_Sparidae__Sparidae porgies; scups
subtype: family_Sciaenidae__Sciaenidae warm-water marine fishes including the drums and grunts and croakers and sea trout
subtype: family_Mullidae__Mullidae goatfishes or red mullets
subtype: family_Mugilidae__Mugilidae gray mullets
subtype: family_Atherinidae__Atherinidae small spiny-finned fishes of both salt and fresh water
subtype: family_Sphyraenidae__Sphyraenidae monotypic family of large active fishes of tropical and subtropical waters: barracuda
subtype: family_Pempheridae__Pempheridae sweepers
subtype: family_Kyphosidae__Kyphosidae sea chubs
subtype: family_Ephippidae__Ephippidae small family comprising the spadefishes
subtype: family_Chaetodontidae__Chaetodontidae butterfly fishes
subtype: family_Pomacentridae__Pomacentridae damselfishes
subtype: family_Labridae__Labridae wrasses
subtype: family_Scaridae__Scaridae parrotfishes
subtype: family_Polynemidae__Polynemidae threadfins
subtype: family_Opisthognathidae__Opisthognathidae jawfishes
subtype: family_Uranoscopidae__Uranoscopidae stargazers
subtype: family_Dactyloscopidae__Dactyloscopidae sand stargazers
subtype: family_Blenniidae__Blenniidae a family of fish including: combtooth blennies
subtype: family_Clinidae__Clinidae viviparous blennies of temperate and tropical seas
subtype: family_Pholidae__Pholidae__family_Pholididae a family of fish of suborder Blennioidea
subtype: family_Stichaeidae__Stichaeidae pricklebacks
subtype: family_Anarhichadidae__Anarhichadidae wolffishes
subtype: family_Zoarcidae__Zoarcidae eelpouts
subtype: family_Ammodytidae__Ammodytidae sand lances
subtype: family_Callionymidae__Callionymidae dragonets
subtype: family_Gobiidae__Gobiidae gobies
subtype: family_Eleotridae__Eleotridae sleepers
subtype: family_Percophidae__Percophidae percoid flatheads
subtype: family_Toxotidae__Toxotidae archerfishes
subtype: family_Microdesmidae__Microdesmidae wormfishes
subtype: family_Acanthuridae__Acanthuridae surgeonfishes
subtype: family_Gempylidae__Gempylidae snake mackerels
subtype: family_Trichiuridae__Trichiuridae cutlassfishes
subtype: family_Scombridae__Scombridae marine food fishes: mackerels; chub mackerels; tuna
subtype: Katsuwonidae__family_Kasuwonidae in some classifications considered a separate family comprising the oceanic bonitos
subtype: family_Xiphiidae__Xiphiidae comprising the common swordfishes
subtype: family_Istiophoridae__Istiophoridae sailfishes; spearfishes; marlins
subtype: family_Luvaridae__Luvaridae louvars
subtype: family_Stromateidae__Stromateidae butterfishes: harvest fishes; dollar fishes
subtype: family_Gobiesocidae__Gobiesocidae clingfishes
subtype: family_Lobotidae__Lobotidae tripletails
subtype: family_Gerreidae__Gerreidae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae mojarras
subtype: family_Sillaginidae__Sillaginidae small family of small food fishes in shallow waters of the Pacific around Indonesia
subtype: family_Amiidae__Amiidae only the bowfins
subtype: family_Polyodontidae__Polyodontidae paddlefishes
subtype: family_Acipenseridae__Acipenseridae sturgeons
subtype: family_Lepisosteidae__Lepisosteidae comprises the genus Lepisosteus
subtype: family_Scorpaenidae__Scorpaenidae scorpionfishes; rockfishes; lionfishes
subtype: family_Cottidae__Cottidae sculpins
subtype: family_Cyclopteridae__Cyclopteridae lumpfishes
subtype: family_Liparididae__Liparididae__Liparidae__family_Liparidae snailfishes
subtype: family_Agonidae__Agonidae poachers
subtype: family_Hexagrammidae__Hexagrammidae greenlings
subtype: family_Platycephalidae__Platycephalidae scorpaenoid flatheads
subtype: family_Triglidae__Triglidae in some classifications restricted to the gurnards and subdivided into the subfamilies Triglinae (true sea robins) and Peristediinae (armored sea robins)
subtype: subfamily_Triglinae__Triglinae in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising searobins having ordinary scales and no barbels (true searobins)
subtype: subfamily_Peristediinae__Peristediinae in some classifications considered a subfamily of Triglidae comprising the armored searobins
subtype: family_Dactylopteridae__Dactylopteridae flying gurnards
subtype: family_Balistidae__Balistidae triggerfishes
subtype: family_Monocanthidae__Monocanthidae filefishes
subtype: family_Ostraciidae__Ostraciidae__family_Ostraciontidae boxfishes
subtype: family_Tetraodontidae__Tetraodontidae puffers
subtype: family_Diodontidae__Diodontidae spiny puffers
subtype: family_Molidae__Molidae ocean sunfishes
subtype: family_Pleuronectidae__Pleuronectidae righteye flounders
subtype: family_Bothidae__Bothidae a family of fish of the order Heterosomata
subtype: family_Cynoglossidae__Cynoglossidae tonguefishes
subtype: family_Soleidae__Soleidae soles
subtype: chordate_family any family in the phylum Chordata
subtype: family_Amphioxidae__Amphioxidae__Branchiostomidae__family_Branchiostomidae lancelets
subtype: family_Salpidae__Salpidae a small family of tunicates in the class Thaliacea
subtype: family_Doliolidae__Doliolidae oceanic tunicates
subtype: bird_family a family of warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings
subtype: family_Struthionidae__Struthionidae tall terrestrial birds: ostriches
subtype: family_Casuaridae__Casuaridae a family of large ostrich-like birds including cassowaries
subtype: family_Apterygidae__Apterygidae coextensive with the order Apterygiformes
subtype: family_Rheidae__Rheidae a family of birds coextensive with the order Rheiformes
subtype: family_Aepyornidae__Aepyornidae coextensive with the order Aepyorniformes
subtype: family_Dinornithidae__Dinornithidae moas
subtype: family_Meliphagidae__Meliphagidae honey eaters
subtype: family_Prunellidae__Prunellidae hedge sparrow
subtype: family_Alaudidae__Alaudidae larks
subtype: family_Motacillidae__Motacillidae pipits and wagtails
subtype: family_Fringillidae__Fringillidae finches: goldfinches; bullfinches; chaffinches; siskins; canaries; cardinals; grosbeaks; crossbills; linnets; buntings
subtype: subfamily_Carduelinae__Carduelinae used in some classifications for a subgroup of finches
subtype: subfamily_Emberizidae__Emberizidae__subfamily_Emberizinae buntings and some New World sparrows
subtype: family_Coerebidae__Coerebidae__Dacninae__family_Dacninae the honeycreepers
subtype: family_Passeridae__Passeridae true sparrows: Old world birds formerly considered weaverbirds
subtype: family_Ploceidae__Ploceidae weaverbirds
subtype: family_Drepanididae__Drepanididae Hawaiian honeycreepers
subtype: family_Menuridae__Menuridae lyrebirds
subtype: family_Atrichornithidae__Atrichornithidae scrubbirds
subtype: family_Eurylaimidae__Eurylaimidae coextensive with the suborder Eurylaimi
subtype: superfamily_Tyrannidae__Tyrannidae New World tyrant flycatchers most numerous in Central and South America but also in the United States and Canada
subtype: family_Cotingidae__Cotingidae cotingas; umbrella birds
subtype: family_Pipridae__Pipridae manakins
subtype: family_Furnariidae__Furnariidae e.g. ovenbirds
subtype: family_Formicariidae__Formicariidae antbirds
subtype: family_Dendrocolaptidae__Dendrocolaptidae woodhewers or woodcreepers
subtype: family_Pittidae__Pittidae pittas
subtype: family_Muscicapidae__Muscicapidae Old World (true) flycatchers
subtype: family_Turdidae__Turdidae thrushes; in some classifications considered a subfamily (Turdinae) of the family Muscicapidae
subtype: subfamily_Turdinae__Turdinae alternative classification for the thrushes
subtype: family_Sylviidae__Sylviidae in some classifications considered a subfamily (Sylviinae) of the family Muscicapidae: Old World (true) warblers; American kinglets and gnatcatchers
subtype: subfamily_Sylviinae__Sylviinae alternative classification for the Old World warblers
subtype: family_Timaliidae__Timaliidae babblers
subtype: family_Parulidae__Parulidae New World warblers
subtype: family_Paradisaeidae__Paradisaeidae birds of paradise
subtype: family_Icteridae__Icteridae American orioles; American blackbirds; bobolinks; meadowlarks
subtype: family_Oriolidae__Oriolidae Old World orioles
subtype: family_Sturnidae__Sturnidae Old World starlings
subtype: family_Corvidae__Corvidae crow; raven; rook; jackdaw; chough; magpie; jay
subtype: subfamily_Garrulinae__Garrulinae subfamily of the crow family: jays
subtype: family_Cracticidae__Cracticidae Australian birds formerly included in the family Laniidae
subtype: family_Troglodytidae__Troglodytidae wrens
subtype: family_Mimidae__Mimidae sometimes considered a subfamily of Troglodytidae: mockingbirds; catbirds; thrashers
subtype: family_Xenicidae__Xenicidae__Acanthisittidae__family_Acanthisittidae alternative names for the family comprising the New Zealand wrens
subtype: family_Certhiidae__Certhiidae creepers
subtype: family_Sittidae__Sittidae nuthatches
subtype: family_Paridae__Paridae titmice and chickadees
subtype: family_Irenidae__Irenidae a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
subtype: family_Hirundinidae__Hirundinidae swallows and martins
subtype: family_Artamidae__Artamidae wood swallows
subtype: family_Thraupidae__Thraupidae tanagers
subtype: family_Laniidae__Laniidae shrikes
subtype: subfamily_Malaconotinae__Malaconotinae African bush shrikes
subtype: family_Ptilonorhynchidae__Ptilonorhynchidae bowerbirds
subtype: family_Cinclidae__Cinclidae water ouzels
subtype: family_Vireonidae__Vireonidae small insectivorous American songbirds
subtype: family_Bombycillidae__Bombycillidae a family of birds of the suborder Oscines
subtype: family_Accipitridae__Accipitridae hawks; Old World vultures; kites; harriers; eagles
subtype: family_Falconidae__Falconidae a family of birds of the order Falconiformes
subtype: family_Pandionidae__Pandionidae ospreys
subtype: family_Sagittariidae__Sagittariidae secretary birds
subtype: family_Cathartidae__Cathartidae condors; turkey buzzards; king vultures
subtype: family_Strigidae__Strigidae a family of nocturnal birds of the order Strigiformes
subtype: family_Tytonidae__Tytonidae comprising only the barn owls
subtype: family_Meleagrididae__Meleagrididae turkeys and some extinct forms
subtype: family_Tetraonidae__Tetraonidae grouse
subtype: family_Cracidae__Cracidae curassows; guans; chachalacas
subtype: family_Megapodiidae__Megapodiidae megapodes
subtype: family_Phasianidae__Phasianidae pheasants; quails; partridges
subtype: subfamily_Perdicidae__Perdicidae__Perdicinae__subfamily_Perdicinae Old World partridges
subtype: subfamily_Numididae__Numididae__Numidinae__subfamily_Numidinae guinea fowl and related birds of Africa and Madagascar
subtype: family_Opisthocomidae__Opisthocomidae comprising the hoatzins
subtype: family_Tinamidae__Tinamidae comprising the tinamous
subtype: family_Raphidae__Raphidae extinct dodos and solitaires
subtype: family_Columbidae__Columbidae doves and pigeons
subtype: family_Pteroclididae__Pteroclididae sandgrouses
subtype: family_Psittacidae__Psittacidae coextensive with the order Psittaciformes
subtype: subfamily_Loriinae__Loriinae lories
subtype: family_Cuculidae__Cuculidae includes cuckoo; ani; roadrunner
subtype: family_Musophagidae__Musophagidae touracos
subtype: family_Coraciidae__Coraciidae rollers
subtype: family_Alcedinidae__Alcedinidae kingfishers
subtype: family_Meropidae__Meropidae bee-eaters
subtype: family_Bucerotidae__Bucerotidae hornbills
subtype: family_Upupidae__Upupidae hoopoes
subtype: family_Phoeniculidae__Phoeniculidae wood hoopoes
subtype: family_Momotidae__Momotidae a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: family_Todidae__Todidae a family of birds of the order Coraciiformes
subtype: family_Apodidae__Apodidae swifts; in former classifications included in the order Coraciiformes
subtype: family_Hemiprocnidae__Hemiprocnidae tree swifts
subtype: family_Trochilidae__Trochilidae hummingbirds
subtype: family_Caprimulgidae__Caprimulgidae goatsuckers
subtype: family_Podargidae__Podargidae frogmouths
subtype: family_Steatornithidae__Steatornithidae oilbirds
subtype: family_Picidae__Picidae woodpeckers
subtype: family_Capitonidae__Capitonidae barbets
subtype: family_Bucconidae__Bucconidae puffbirds
subtype: family_Indicatoridae__Indicatoridae honey guides
subtype: family_Galbulidae__Galbulidae jacamars
subtype: family_Ramphastidae__Ramphastidae toucans
subtype: family_Trogonidae__Trogonidae coextensive with the order Trogoniformes
subtype: family_Anatidae__Anatidae swimming birds having heavy short-legged bodies and bills with a horny tip: swans; geese; ducks
subtype: subfamily_Merginae__Merginae mergansers and closely related diving birds
subtype: subfamily_Anserinae__Anserinae used in some classifications for the swans
subtype: family_Anhimidae__Anhimidae screamers
subtype: family_Ciconiidae__Ciconiidae storks
subtype: family_Balaenicipitidae__Balaenicipitidae shoebills
subtype: family_Threskiornithidae__Threskiornithidae__family_Ibidiidae ibises
subtype: family_Plataleidae__Plataleidae spoonbills
subtype: family_Phoenicopteridae__Phoenicopteridae flamingos
subtype: family_Ardeidae__Ardeidae herons; egrets; night herons; bitterns
subtype: family_Gruidae__Gruidae cranes
subtype: family_Cariamidae__Cariamidae cranelike South American wading birds
subtype: family_Rallidae__Rallidae rails; crakes; gallinules; coots
subtype: family_Otididae__Otididae bustards
subtype: family_Turnicidae__Turnicidae small Old World birds resembling but not related to true quail
subtype: family_Psophiidae__Psophiidae trumpeters
subtype: family_Charadriidae__Charadriidae plover family
subtype: family_Scolopacidae__Scolopacidae sandpiper family: sandpipers; woodcocks; snipes; tattlers; curlews; godwits; dowitchers
subtype: family_Recurvirostridae__Recurvirostridae long-legged shorebirds
subtype: family_Haematopodidae__Haematopodidae oystercatchers
subtype: family_Phalaropidae__Phalaropidae phalaropes
subtype: family_Glareolidae__Glareolidae Old World shorebirds: pratincoles and coursers
subtype: family_Burhinidae__Burhinidae large wading birds resembling the plovers: stone curlews
subtype: family_Laridae__Laridae gull family: gulls and terns
subtype: subfamily_Sterninae__subfamilysterninae__Sterninae terns
subtype: family_Rynchopidae__Rynchopidae coextensive with the genus Rynchops: skimmers
subtype: family_Stercorariidae__Stercorariidae jaegers and skuas:
subtype: family_Alcidae__Alcidae web-footed diving seabirds of northern seas: auks; puffins; guillemots; murres; etc.
subtype: family_Gavidae__Gavidae loon family
subtype: family_Podicipedidae__Podicipedidae coextensive with the order Podicipitiformes
subtype: family_Pelecanidae__Pelecanidae pelicans
subtype: family_Fregatidae__Fregatidae frigate birds
subtype: family_Sulidae__Sulidae gannets and boobies
subtype: family_Phalacrocoracidae__Phalacrocoracidae cormorants
subtype: family_Anhingidae__Anhingidae snakebirds
subtype: family_Phaethontidae__Phaethontidae tropicbirds
subtype: family_Spheniscidae__Spheniscidae comprising all existing penguins
subtype: family_Diomedeidae__Diomedeidae albatrosses
subtype: family_Procellariidae__Procellariidae petrels; fulmars; shearwaters;
subtype: family_Hydrobatidae__Hydrobatidae storm petrels
subtype: family_Pelecanoididae__Pelecanoididae diving petrels
subtype: amphibian_family__amphibianfamily any family of amphibians
subtype: family_Salamandridae__Salamandridae salamanders
subtype: family_Ambystomatidae__Ambystomatidae New World salamanders
subtype: family_Cryptobranchidae__Cryptobranchidae large aquatic salamanders: hellbenders; giant salamanders
subtype: family_Dicamptodontidae__Dicamptodontidae large and small highly aquatic salamanders
subtype: family_Plethodontidae__Plethodontidae small mostly terrestrial New World salamanders having neither lungs nor gills as adults
subtype: family_Amphiumidae__Amphiumidae congo snakes
subtype: family_Sirenidae__Sirenidae sirens
subtype: family_Ranidae__Ranidae nearly cosmopolitan family: true frogs
subtype: family_Leptodactylidae__Leptodactylidae New World frogs; in some classifications essentially coextensive with the family Bufonidae
subtype: family_Polypedatidae__Polypedatidae Old World tree frogs
subtype: family_Ascaphidae__Ascaphidae family of one species of frog: tailed frog
subtype: family_Leiopelmatidae__Leiopelmatidae__Liopelmidae__family_Liopelmidae primitive New Zealand frogs
subtype: family_Bufonidae__Bufonidae true toads
subtype: family_Discoglossidae__Discoglossidae family of Old World toads having a fixed disklike tongue
subtype: family_Pelobatidae__Pelobatidae spadefoot toads
subtype: family_Hylidae__Hylidae tree frogs
subtype: family_Microhylidae__Microhylidae__Brevicipitidae__family_Brevicipitidae narrow-mouthed toads and sheep frogs; some burrow and some are arboreal; found worldwide
subtype: family_Pipidae__Pipidae tongueless frogs
subtype: family_Xenopodidae__Xenopodidae in some classifications the family of the genus Xenopus which is otherwise included in the family Pipidae
subtype: family_Caeciliidae__Caeciliidae coextensive with the order Gymnophiona: legless amphibians
subtype: reptile_family__reptilefamily a family of reptiles
subtype: family_Cheloniidae__Cheloniidae__Chelonidae__family_Chelonidae green turtles; hawksbills
subtype: family_Dermochelyidae__Dermochelyidae sea turtles
subtype: family_Chelydridae__Chelydridae snapping turtles
subtype: family_Kinosternidae__Kinosternidae mud turtles; musk turtles
subtype: family_Emydidae__Emydidae box and water turtles
subtype: family_Testudinidae__Testudinidae land tortoises
subtype: family_Trionychidae__Trionychidae soft-shelled turtles
subtype: family_Gekkonidae__Gekkonidae geckos
subtype: family_Pygopodidae__Pygopodidae Australian and Tasmanian lizards
subtype: family_Iguanidae__Iguanidae__Iguania__family_Iguania New World lizards
subtype: family_Amphisbaenidae__Amphisbaenidae worm lizards
subtype: family_Xantusiidae__Xantusiidae night lizards
subtype: family_Scincidae__Scincidae skinks
subtype: family_Teiidae__Teiidae whiptails; etc.
subtype: family_Agamidae__Agamidae an Old World reptile family of Sauria
subtype: family_Anguidae__Anguidae alligator lizards
subtype: family_Xenosauridae__Xenosauridae monotypic family of Mexican lizards
subtype: family_Anniellidae__Anniellidae legless lizards
subtype: family_Lanthanotidae__Lanthanotidae stout-bodied lizards
subtype: family_Helodermatidae__Helodermatidae only known venomous lizards
subtype: family_Lacertidae__Lacertidae Old World lizards
subtype: family_Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleontidae__Chamaeleonidae__family_Chamaeleonidae__Rhiptoglossa__family_Rhiptoglossa Old World chameleons; in some classifications Rhiptoglossa is considered a superfamily of Sauria
subtype: family_Varanidae__Varanidae monitor lizards
subtype: family_Crocodylidae__Crocodylidae true crocodiles
subtype: family_Alligatoridae__Alligatoridae alligators; caimans
subtype: family_Gavialidae__Gavialidae gavials
subtype: family_Ceratopsidae__familyceratopsidae__Ceratopsidae American ceratopsian dinosaurs
subtype: family_Hadrosauridae__Hadrosauridae duck-billed dinosaurs; upper Cretaceous
subtype: family_Iguanodontidae__Iguanodontidae iguanodons
subtype: family_Titanosauridae__Titanosauridae herbivorous dinosaurs of the Cretaceous
subtype: family_Megalosauridae__Megalosauridae megalosaurs
subtype: family_Dromaeosauridae__Dromaeosauridae swift-running bipedal dinosaurs
subtype: family_Edaphosauridae__Edaphosauridae a family of reptiles of the order Pelycosauria
subtype: family_Pterodactylidae__Pterodactylidae a reptile family in the order Pterosauria
subtype: family_Ichthyosauridae__Ichthyosauridae later ichthyosaurs of the Jurassic and Cretaceous; widely distributed in both hemispheres
subtype: family_Colubridae__Colubridae nonvenomous snakes; about two-thirds of all living species
subtype: family_Typhlopidae__Typhlopidae blind snakes
subtype: family_Leptotyphlopidae__Leptotyphlopidae blind snakes
subtype: family_Boidae__Boidae boas and pythons
subtype: subfamily_Pythoninae__Pythoninae Old World boas: pythons; in some classifications considered a separate family from Boidae
subtype: family_Pythonidae__Pythonidae in some classifications a family separate from Boidae comprising Old World boas
subtype: family_Elapidae__Elapidae cobras; kraits; mambas; coral snakes; Australian taipan and tiger snakes
subtype: family_Hydrophidae__Hydrophidae sea snakes
subtype: family_Viperidae__Viperidae Old World vipers
subtype: family_Crotalidae__Crotalidae New World vipers: pit vipers
subtype: arthropod_family__arthropodfamily any of the arthropods
subtype: family_Phalangiidae__Phalangiidae a family of Phalangida
subtype: family_Argiopidae__Argiopidae orb-weaving spiders; cosmopolitan
subtype: family_Theridiidae__Theridiidae a family of comb-footed spiders
subtype: family_Theraphosidae__Theraphosidae large tropical spiders; tarantulas
subtype: family_Lycosidae__Lycosidae wolf spiders
subtype: family_Ctenizidae__Ctenizidae large burrowing spiders
subtype: family_Ixodidae__Ixodidae hard ticks
subtype: family_Argasidae__Argasidae soft ticks
subtype: family_Acaridae__Acaridae mites
subtype: family_Trombidiidae__Trombidiidae mites
subtype: family_Trombiculidae__Trombiculidae mites
subtype: family_Sarcoptidae__Sarcoptidae small whitish mites
subtype: family_Tetranychidae__Tetranychidae plant-feeding mites
subtype: family_Scutigeridae__Scutigeridae a family of Chilopoda
subtype: family_Geophilidae__Geophilidae small extremely elongate earth-living centipedes
subtype: family_Limulidae__Limulidae horseshoe crabs
subtype: family_Cancridae__Cancridae many of the best known edible crabs
subtype: family_Portunidae__Portunidae swimming crabs
subtype: family_Pinnotheridae__Pinnotheridae tiny soft-bodied crabs
subtype: family_Lithodidae__Lithodidae deep-sea crabs of cold waters
subtype: family_Majidae__Majidae spider crabs
subtype: family_Homaridae__Homaridae large-clawed lobsters
subtype: family_Nephropsidae__Nephropsidae in some classifications coextensive with the Homaridae
subtype: family_Palinuridae__Palinuridae spiny lobsters
subtype: family_Astacidae__Astacidae__Astacura crayfish
subtype: family_Paguridae__Paguridae hermit crabs
subtype: family_Crangonidae__Crangonidae shrimps
subtype: family_Palaemonidae__Palaemonidae prawns
subtype: family_Peneidae__Peneidae tropical prawns
subtype: family_Mysidae__Mysidae small shrimp-like crustaceans
subtype: family_Squillidae__Squillidae crustaceans that burrow in mud or under stones in shallow water along the seashore
subtype: family_Armadillidiidae__Armadillidiidae pill bugs
subtype: family_Oniscidae__Oniscidae a family of Isopoda
subtype: family_Porcellionidae__Porcellionidae sow bugs
subtype: family_Orchestiidae__Orchestiidae beach fleas
subtype: family_Triopidae__Triopidae a family of Notostraca
subtype: family_Balanidae__Balanidae stalkless barnacles
subtype: family_Lepadidae__Lepadidae goose barnacles
subtype: family_Peripatidae__Peripatidae a family of Onychophora
subtype: family_Peripatopsidae__Peripatopsidae a family of Onychophora
subtype: family_Cicindelidae__Cicindelidae tiger beetles
subtype: family_Coccinellidae__Coccinellidae the ladybugs
subtype: family_Carabidae__Carabidae ground beetles
subtype: family_Lampyridae__Lampyridae fireflies
subtype: family_Cerambycidae__Cerambycidae long-horned beetles
subtype: family_Chrysomelidae__Chrysomelidae leaf beetles
subtype: family_Dermestidae__Dermestidae carpet beetles
subtype: family_Cleridae__Cleridae beetles that prey on other insects
subtype: superfamily_Lamellicornia__Lamellicornia scarabaeid beetles and stag beetles
subtype: family_Scarabaeidae__Scarabaeidae scarab or dung beetles
subtype: subfamily_Melolonthidae__Melolonthidae considered a separate family in some classification systems
subtype: subfamily_Cetoniidae__Cetoniidae considered a separate family in some classification systems
subtype: family_Lucanidae__Lucanidae stag beetles
subtype: family_Elateridae__Elateridae click beetles and certain fireflies
subtype: family_Dytiscidae__Dytiscidae water beetles
subtype: family_Gyrinidae__Gyrinidae whirligig beetles
subtype: family_Anobiidae__Anobiidae deathwatch beetles
subtype: family_Curculionidae__Curculionidae true weevils: snout beetles
subtype: family_Meloidae__Meloidae blister beetles
subtype: family_Scolytidae__Scolytidae__Ipidae__family_Ipidae large family of bark-boring or wood-boring short-beaked beetles; very destructive to forest and fruit trees
subtype: family_Staphylinidae__Staphylinidae rove beetles
subtype: family_Tenebrionidae__Tenebrionidae a family of arthropods including darkling beetles and mealworms
subtype: family_Bruchidae__Bruchidae seed beetles
subtype: family_Pediculidae__Pediculidae true lice: human lice and related forms
subtype: family_Phthiriidae__Phthiriidae crab lice
subtype: family_Pulicidae__Pulicidae many common fleas attacking humans and domestic animals
subtype: family_Cecidomyidae__Cecidomyidae gall midges
subtype: superfamily_Muscoidea__Muscoidea two-winged flies especially the families: Muscidae; Gasterophilidae; Calliphoridae; Tachinidae
subtype: family_Muscidae__Muscidae two-winged flies especially the housefly
subtype: family_Glossinidae__Glossinidae flies closely related to the Muscidae: tsetse flies
subtype: family_Calliphoridae__Calliphoridae blowflies
subtype: family_Tachinidae__Tachinidae parasites on other insects
subtype: family_Gasterophilidae__Gasterophilidae horse botflies
subtype: family_Cuterebridae__Cuterebridae New World botflies
subtype: family_Oestridae__Oestridae__Hypodermatidae__family_Hypodermatidae warble flies
subtype: family_Tabanidae__Tabanidae horseflies
subtype: family_Bombyliidae__Bombyliidae bee flies
subtype: family_Asilidae__Asilidae robber flies
subtype: family_Trypetidae__Trypetidae__Trephritidae__family_Trephritidae fruit flies; some leafminers
subtype: family_Drosophilidae__Drosophilidae fruit flies
subtype: family_Hippoboscidae__Hippoboscidae winged or wingless dipterans: louse flies
subtype: family_Culicidae__Culicidae mosquitoes
subtype: family_Ceratopogonidae__Ceratopogonidae biting midges; sand flies
subtype: family_Chironomidae__Chironomidae midges
subtype: Mycetophilidae__family_Mycetophylidae fungus gnats
subtype: family_Psychodidae__Psychodidae very small two-winged flies with hairy wings that develop in moss and damp vegetable matter: sand flies
subtype: family_Sciaridae__Sciaridae fungus gnats
subtype: family_Tipulidae__Tipulidae crane flies
subtype: family_Simuliidae__Simuliidae blackflies and sand flies
subtype: superfamily_Apoidea__Apoidea bees
subtype: family_Apidae__Apidae honeybees; carpenter bees; bumblebees
subtype: family_Andrenidae__Andrenidae a large family of solitary short-tongued bees most of which burrow in the ground
subtype: family_Halictidae__Halictidae a family of small solitary bees; many are valuable pollinators for agriculture
subtype: family_Megachilidae__Megachilidae leaf-cutting and mason bees
subtype: family_Vespidae__Vespidae an arthropod family of the order Hymenoptera including: yellow jackets; hornets; mason wasps
subtype: superfamily_Sphecoidea__Sphecoidea families Sphecidae and Stizidae
subtype: family_Sphecidae__Sphecidae mud daubers; some digger wasps
subtype: family_Stizidae__Stizidae cicada killers
subtype: family_Cynipidae__Cynipidae a family of Hymenoptera
subtype: family_Chalcididae__Chalcididae__Chalcidae__family_Chalcidae an arthropod family including: chalcidflies
subtype: family_Ichneumonidae__Ichneumonidae ichneumon flies
subtype: family_Tenthredinidae__Tenthredinidae sawflies
subtype: family_Formicidae__Formicidae ants
subtype: subfamily_Dorylinae__Dorylinae army ants
subtype: family_Termitidae__Termitidae termites
subtype: family_Rhinotermitidae__Rhinotermitidae large widely distributed family of termites of temperate to tropical regions
subtype: family_Mastotermitidae__Mastotermitidae primitive termites
subtype: family_Kalotermitidae__Kalotermitidae primitive termites of warm regions
subtype: family_Acrididae__Acrididae__Locustidae__family_Locustidae short-horned grasshoppers; true locusts
subtype: family_Tettigoniidae__Tettigoniidae long-horned grasshoppers; katydids
subtype: family_Stenopelmatidae__Stenopelmatidae long-horned grasshoppers
subtype: family_Gryllidae__Gryllidae crickets
subtype: family_Phasmidae__Phasmidae__Phasmatidae__family_Phasmatidae stick insects
subtype: family_Phyllidae__Phyllidae__Phillidae__family_Phillidae leaf insects
subtype: family_Blattidae__Blattidae domestic cockroaches
subtype: family_Cryptocercidae__Cryptocercidae a family of Blattodea
subtype: family_Mantidae__Mantidae__Manteidae__family_Manteidae mantises
subtype: family_Miridae__Miridae__Capsidae__family_Capsidae leaf bugs
subtype: family_Tingidae__Tingidae lace bugs
subtype: family_Lygaeidae__Lygaeidae lygaeid bugs
subtype: family_Coreidae__Coreidae squash bugs and leaf-footed bugs
subtype: family_Cimicidae__Cimicidae wingless flat-bodied blood-sucking insects
subtype: family_Notonectidae__Notonectidae aquatic carnivorous insects
subtype: family_Belostomatidae__Belostomatidae water bugs
subtype: family_Nepidae__Nepidae water scorpions
subtype: family_Corixidae__Corixidae water bugs
subtype: family_Gerrididae__Gerrididae__Gerridae__family_Gerridae an arthropod family that includes water striders
subtype: family_Reduviidae__Reduviidae assassin bugs
subtype: family_Pyrrhocoridae__Pyrrhocoridae firebugs
subtype: family_Aleyrodidae__Aleyrodidae whiteflies
subtype: superfamily_Coccoidea__Coccoidea scale insects and mealybugs
subtype: family_Coccidae__Coccidae scale insects
subtype: family_Diaspididae__Diaspididae armored scales
subtype: family_Dactylopiidae__Dactylopiidae cochineal insects
subtype: family_Pseudococcidae__Pseudococcidae scale-like insects: mealybugs
subtype: superfamily_Aphidoidea__Aphidoidea plant lice
subtype: family_Aphididae__Aphididae small soft-bodied plant lice
subtype: family_Adelgidae__Adelgidae plant lice
subtype: family_Phylloxeridae__Phylloxeridae plant lice
subtype: family_Psyllidae__Psyllidae__Chermidae__family_Chermidae jumping plant lice
subtype: family_Cicadidae__Cicadidae cicadas
subtype: family_Cercopidae__Cercopidae froghoppers or spittlebugs
subtype: family_Cicadellidae__Cicadellidae leafhoppers
subtype: family_Jassidae__Jassidae family of small leafhoppers coextensive with the Cicadellidae and not distinguished from it in some classifications
subtype: family_Membracidae__Membracidae plant hoppers: treehoppers
subtype: family_Fulgoridae__Fulgoridae plant hoppers: lantern flies
subtype: family_Psocidae__Psocidae a family of small soft-bodied insects that feed on decaying vegetation; related to booklice
subtype: family_Atropidae__Atropidae booklice
subtype: family_Ephemeridae__Ephemeridae mayflies
subtype: family_Myrmeleontidae__Myrmeleontidae antlions
subtype: family_Chrysopidae__Chrysopidae green lacewings
subtype: family_Hemerobiidae__Hemerobiidae brown lacewings
subtype: family_Corydalidae__Corydalidae dobsons
subtype: family_Sialidae__Sialidae an arthropod family including: alderflies
subtype: family_Raphidiidae__Raphidiidae a family of arthropods of the suborder Megaloptera, including snakeflies
subtype: family_Mantispidae__Mantispidae mantispids
subtype: family_Sisyridae__Sisyridae an arthropod family of the order Neuroptera that includes spongeflies
subtype: family_Lepismatidae__Lepismatidae firebrats
subtype: family_Machilidae__Machilidae jumping bristletails
subtype: family_Thripidae__Thripidae thrips
subtype: family_Forficulidae__Forficulidae typical earwigs
subtype: family_Nymphalidae__Nymphalidae large beautifully colored butterflies
subtype: family_Danaidae__Danaidae small family of usually tropical butterflies: monarch butterflies
subtype: family_Pieridae__Pieridae cabbage butterflies; sulphur butterflies
subtype: family_Lycaenidae__Lycaenidae family of small usually brilliantly colored butterflies; males have short forelegs
subtype: family_Tortricidae__Tortricidae leaf rollers and codling moths
subtype: family_Lymantriidae__Lymantriidae tussock moths
subtype: family_Geometridae__Geometridae measuring worms
subtype: family_Pyralidae__Pyralidae__Pyralididae__family_Pyralididae bee moths; corn borers; flour moths
subtype: superfamily_Tineoidea__Tineoidea clothes moths; carpet moths; leaf miners
subtype: family_Tineidae__Tineidae clothes moths
subtype: family_Gracilariidae__Gracilariidae__Gracillariidae leaf miners
subtype: family_Gelechiidae__Gelechiidae important economic pests
subtype: family_Noctuidae__Noctuidae cutworms; armyworms
subtype: family_Sphingidae__Sphingidae hawkmoths
subtype: family_Bombycidae__Bombycidae Chinese silkworm moth
subtype: family_Saturniidae__Saturniidae important and widely distributed family of moths including some of the largest insects known
subtype: family_Arctiidae__Arctiidae tiger moths
subtype: family_Lasiocampidae__Lasiocampidae tent caterpillars; eggars; lappet moths
subtype: mammal_family a family of mammals
subtype: family_Tachyglossidae__Tachyglossidae echidnas
subtype: family_Ornithorhynchidae__Ornithorhynchidae platypus
subtype: family_Didelphidae__Didelphidae opossums
subtype: family_Caenolestidae__Caenolestidae small marsupials of southern South America
subtype: family_Peramelidae__Peramelidae bandicoots
subtype: family_Macropodidae__Macropodidae kangaroos; wallabies
subtype: subfamily_Potoroinae__Potoroinae rat kangaroos
subtype: family_Phalangeridae__Phalangeridae phalangers; koalas
subtype: family_Vombatidae__Vombatidae wombats
subtype: family_Dasyuridae__Dasyuridae__family_Dasyurinae dasyures; native cats; pouched mice; banded anteaters; Tasmanian devils
subtype: family_Notoryctidae__Notoryctidae pouched moles
subtype: family_Talpidae__Talpidae moles
subtype: family_Chrysochloridae__Chrysochloridae golden moles
subtype: family_Soricidae__Soricidae shrews
subtype: family_Erinaceidae__Erinaceidae true hedgehogs
subtype: family_Tenrecidae__Tenrecidae tenrecs and extinct related forms
subtype: family_Potamogalidae__Potamogalidae otter shrews
subtype: family_Balaenidae__Balaenidae right whales
subtype: family_Balaenopteridae__Balaenopteridae rorquals; blue whales
subtype: family_Eschrichtiidae__Eschrichtiidae comprising only the gray whales
subtype: family_Physeteridae__Physeteridae sperm whales
subtype: family_Ziphiidae__Ziphiidae__Hyperodontidae__family_Hyperodontidae beaked whales; in some especially former classifications included in the family Physeteridae
subtype: family_Delphinidae__Delphinidae dolphins
subtype: family_Platanistidae__Platanistidae river dolphins
subtype: family_Monodontidae__Monodontidae narwhals
subtype: family_Trichechidae__Trichechidae comprising only the manatees
subtype: family_Dugongidae__Dugongidae a family of mammals of order Sirenia including dugongs and Steller's sea cow
subtype: family_Otariidae__Otariidae eared seals: sea lions and fur seals
subtype: family_Phocidae__Phocidae earless seals
subtype: family_Odobenidae__Odobenidae walruses and extinct forms
subtype: family_Orycteropodidae__Orycteropodidae aardvarks
subtype: family_Canidae__Canidae dogs; wolves; jackals; foxes
subtype: family_Hyaenidae__Hyaenidae hyenas
subtype: family_Felidae__Felidae cats; wildcats; lions; leopards; cheetahs; saber-toothed tigers
subtype: family_Ursidae__Ursidae bears and extinct related forms
subtype: family_Viverridae__Viverridae__Viverrinae__family_Viverrinae genets; civets; mongooses
subtype: family_Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomidae__Phyllostomatidae__family_Phyllostomatidae New World leaf-nosed bats
subtype: family_Rhinolophidae__Rhinolophidae Old World leaf-nosed bats
subtype: family_Hipposideridae__Hipposideridae Old World leafnose bats
subtype: family_Megadermatidae__Megadermatidae Old World false vampire bats
subtype: family_Vespertilionidae__Vespertilionidae the majority of common bats of temperate regions of the world
subtype: family_Molossidae__Molossidae mastiff bats; freetail bats
subtype: family_Desmodontidae__Desmodontidae true vampire bats
subtype: family_Leporidae__Leporidae hares and rabbits
subtype: family_Ochotonidae__Ochotonidae pikas and extinct forms
subtype: superfamily_Muroidea__Muroidea essential equal to suborder Myomorpha with the Dipodidae excluded
subtype: family_Muridae__Muridae originally Old World rats now distributed worldwide; distinguished from the Cricetidae by typically lacking cheek pouches
subtype: subfamily_Hydromyinae__Hydromyinae water rats of Australia and New Guinea
subtype: family_Cricetidae__Cricetidae mostly small New World rodents including New World mice and lemmings and voles and hamsters
subtype: subfamily_Gerbillinae__Gerbillinae gerbils
subtype: family_Hystricidae__Hystricidae Old World porcupines
subtype: family_Erethizontidae__Erethizontidae New World arboreal porcupines
subtype: family_Heteromyidae__Heteromyidae small New World burrowing mouselike rodents with fur-lined cheek pouches and hind limbs and tail adapted to leaping; adapted to desert conditions: pocket mice; kangaroo mice; kangaroo rats
subtype: family_Zapodidae__Zapodidae jumping mice
subtype: family_Dipodidae__Dipodidae Old World jerboas
subtype: family_Gliridae__Gliridae dormice and other Old World forms
subtype: family_Geomyidae__Geomyidae North American pocket gophers
subtype: family_Sciuridae__Sciuridae true squirrels; ground squirrels; marmots; chipmunks; flying squirrels; spermophiles
subtype: subfamily_Petauristidae__Petauristidae Old World flying squirrels
subtype: family_Castoridae__Castoridae beavers
subtype: family_Aplodontiidae__Aplodontiidae mountain beavers
subtype: family_Caviidae__Caviidae a family of Hystricomorpha
subtype: family_Hydrochoeridae__Hydrochoeridae capybara
subtype: family_Dasyproctidae__Dasyproctidae agoutis and pacas
subtype: family_Capromyidae__Capromyidae coypus
subtype: family_Chinchillidae__Chinchillidae small bushy-tailed South American burrowing rodents
subtype: family_Spalacidae__Spalacidae mole rats
subtype: family_Bathyergidae__Bathyergidae mole rats; sand rats
subtype: family_Uintatheriidae__Uintatheriidae an extinct family of Dinocerata
subtype: family_Procaviidae__Procaviidae includes all recent members of the order Hyracoidea
subtype: family_Equidae__Equidae horses; asses; zebras; extinct animals
subtype: family_Rhinocerotidae__Rhinocerotidae__rhinoceros_family rhinoceroses
subtype: family_Tapiridae__Tapiridae tapirs and extinct related forms
subtype: family_Suidae__Suidae pigs; hogs; boars
subtype: family_Tayassuidae__Tayassuidae peccaries
subtype: family_Hippopotamidae__Hippopotamidae hippopotami
subtype: family_Bovidae__Bovidae true antelopes; cattle; oxen; sheep; goats
subtype: subfamily_Bovinae__Bovinae term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle; buffalo; and sometimes includes kudu
subtype: family_Antilocapridae__Antilocapridae comprising only the pronghorns
subtype: family_Cervidae__Cervidae deer: reindeer; moose or elks; muntjacs; roe deer
subtype: family_Tragulidae__Tragulidae chevrotains
subtype: family_Camelidae__Camelidae camels and llamas and vicunas
subtype: family_Giraffidae__Giraffidae giraffes
subtype: family_Mustelidae__Mustelidae weasels; polecats; ferrets; minks; fishers; otters; badgers; skunks; wolverines; martens
subtype: subfamily_Lutrinae__Lutrinae subdivision not used in some classifications: otters
subtype: subfamily_Mephitinae__Mephitinae subdivision not used in some classifications: skunks
subtype: subfamily_Melinae__Melinae subdivision not used in some classifications: badgers
subtype: family_Dasypodidae__Dasypodidae armadillos
subtype: family_Bradypodidae__Bradypodidae true sloths; in some
subtype: family_Megalonychidae__Megalonychidae two-toed sloths
subtype: family_Megatheriidae__Megatheriidae extinct ground sloths
subtype: family_Mylodontidae__Mylodontidae extinct South American edentates
subtype: family_Myrmecophagidae__Myrmecophagidae New World anteaters
subtype: family_Manidae__Manidae coextensive with the order Pholidota
subtype: family_Hominidae__Hominidae modern man and extinct immediate ancestors of man
subtype: family_Pongidae__Pongidae usually considered as comprising orangutans; gorillas; chimpanzees; and sometimes gibbons
subtype: family_Hylobatidae__Hylobatidae used in some classifications for the lesser apes (gibbons and siamangs); sometimes considered a subfamily of Pongidae
subtype: family_Cercopithecidae__Cercopithecidae Old World monkeys: guenon; baboon; colobus monkey; langur; macaque; mandrill; mangabey; patas; proboscis monkey
subtype: superfamily_Platyrrhini__Platyrrhini New World monkeys: capuchin; douroucouli; howler monkey; saki; spider monkey; squirrel monkey; titi; uakari; woolly monkey; marmoset; tamarin
subtype: family_Callithricidae__Callithricidae marmosets
subtype: family_Cebidae__Cebidae all the New World monkeys except marmosets and tamarins
subtype: family_Tupaiidae__Tupaiidae tree shrews; in some classifications tree shrews are considered prosimian primates
subtype: family_Lemuridae__Lemuridae typical lemurs; of Madagascar
subtype: family_Daubentoniidae__Daubentoniidae comprising solely the aye-aye
subtype: family_Lorisidae__Lorisidae slow-moving omnivorous nocturnal primates of tropical Asia; usually tailless
subtype: family_Indriidae__Indriidae a family of Lemuroidea
subtype: family_Tarsiidae__Tarsiidae coextensive with the genus Tarsius: tarsiers
subtype: family_Cynocephalidae__Cynocephalidae a family of Dermoptera
subtype: family_Elephantidae__Elephantidae elephants
subtype: family_Mammutidae__Mammutidae__family_Mastodontidae extinct family: mastodons
subtype: family_Gomphotheriidae__Gomphotheriidae elephants extinct since the Pleistocene
subtype: family_Procyonidae__Procyonidae raccoons; coatis; cacomistles; kinkajous; and sometimes pandas
subtype: subfamily_Bassariscidae__Bassariscidae in some classifications considered a separate family
subtype: family_Ailuropodidae__Ailuropodidae in some classifications considered the family comprising the giant pandas
subtype: coelenterate_family a family of coelenterates
subtype: family_Pennatulidae__Pennatulidae sea pens
subtype: ctenophore_family a family of ctenophores
subtype: family_Pleurobrachiidae__Pleurobrachiidae sea gooseberries
subtype: family_Cestidae__Cestidae coextensive with the order Cestida; ctenophores having a greatly flattened and elongated body
subtype: worm_family a family of worms
subtype: family_Fasciolidae__Fasciolidae a family of Trematoda
subtype: family_Schistosomatidae__Schistosomatidae a family of Trematoda
subtype: family_Taeniidae__Taeniidae a family of Cestoda
subtype: family_Ascaridae__Ascaridae large roundworms parasitic in intestines of vertebrates
subtype: family_Oxyuridae__Oxyuridae pinworms
subtype: family_Cephalobidae__Cephalobidae a family of Nematoda
subtype: family_Tylenchidae__Tylenchidae a family of Nematoda
subtype: family_Ancylostomatidae__Ancylostomatidae hookworms
subtype: family_Filariidae__Filariidae threadlike roundworms
subtype: family_Dracunculidae__Dracunculidae greatly elongated roundworm
subtype: family_Branchiobdellidae__Branchiobdellidae small annelid worms with the posterior end modified into an adhesive sucker; especially formerly regarded as modified leeches
subtype: family_Terebellidae__Terebellidae marine burrowing or tube-forming polychete worms usually having long thick bodies
subtype: family_Hirudinidae__Hirudinidae a family of Hirudinea
subtype: mollusk_family__molluskfamily a family of mollusks
subtype: family_Haliotidae__Haliotidae abalones
subtype: family_Strombidae__Strombidae conchs
subtype: family_Helicidae__Helicidae land snails including the common edible snail and some pests
subtype: family_Limacidae__Limacidae slugs
subtype: family_Neritidae__Neritidae neritids
subtype: family_Buccinidae__Buccinidae whelks
subtype: family_Cymatiidae__Cymatiidae tritons
subtype: family_Naticidae__Naticidae moonshells
subtype: family_Littorinidae__Littorinidae periwinkles
subtype: family_Patellidae__Patellidae marine limpets
subtype: family_Fissurellidae__Fissurellidae marine limpets
subtype: family_Ancylidae__Ancylidae freshwater gastropod
subtype: family_Aplysiidae__Aplysiidae__Tethyidae__family_Tethyidae sea hares
subtype: family_Akeridae__Akeridae bubble shells
subtype: family_Physidae__Physidae freshwater snails
subtype: family_Cypraeidae__Cypraeidae family of marine gastropods comprising the cowries
subtype: family_Myacidae__Myacidae soft-shell clams
subtype: family_Veneridae__Veneridae hard-shell clams
subtype: family_Solenidae__Solenidae razor clams
subtype: family_Tridacnidae__Tridacnidae large marine hard-shell clams
subtype: family_Cardiidae__Cardiidae somewhat heart-shaped sand-burrowing bivalve mollusks
subtype: family_Ostreidae__Ostreidae oysters
subtype: family_Pteriidae__Pteriidae pearl oysters
subtype: family_Anomiidae__Anomiidae saddle oysters
subtype: family_Arcidae__Arcidae ark shells
subtype: family_Mytilidae__Mytilidae marine mussels
subtype: family_Unionidae__Unionidae freshwater mussels found worldwide
subtype: family_Pectinidae__Pectinidae scallops
subtype: family_Teredinidae__Teredinidae shipworms
subtype: family_Pholadidae__Pholadidae a family of Bivalvia
subtype: family_Nautilidae__Nautilidae spiral-shelled cephalopods
subtype: family_Octopodidae__Octopodidae a family of Octopoda
subtype: family_Argonautidae__Argonautidae represented solely by the genus Argonauta
subtype: family_Sepiidae__Sepiidae true cuttlefishes
subtype: family_Spirulidae__Spirulidae coextensive with the genus Spirula; included in the order Belemnoidea in some older classifications
subtype: family_Belemnitidae__Belemnitidae family of extinct Mesozoic cephalopods
subtype: family_Panorpidae__Panorpidae a family of insects of the order Mecoptera
subtype: family_Bittacidae__Bittacidae a family of predacious tropical insects of the order Mecoptera
subtype: echinoderm_family a family of echinoderms
subtype: family_Antedonidae__Antedonidae feather stars
subtype: family_Comatulidae__Comatulidae former usage synonymous with Antedonidae
subtype: family_Holothuridae__Holothuridae a family of Holothuroidea
subtype: form_family (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
subtype: moss_family a family of mosses
subtype: family_Anthocerotaceae__Anthocerotaceae hornworts
subtype: family_Dicranaceae__Dicranaceae mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome
subtype: family_Bryaceae__Bryaceae a family of acrocarpous mosses
subtype: family_Mniaceae__Mniaceae family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae
subtype: family_Jungermanniaceae__Jungermanniaceae comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales
subtype: family_Marchantiaceae__Marchantiaceae liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli
subtype: family_Sphaerocarpaceae__Sphaerocarpaceae liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales
subtype: monocot_family__monocotfamily__liliopsid_family__liliopsidfamily family of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed
subtype: liliid_monocot_family family of monocotyledonous plants of the subclass Liliidae; mostly herbs usually with petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils
subtype: family_Iridaceae__Iridaceae__iris_family large family of usually perennial geophytic herbs with rhizomes or corms or bulbs
subtype: genus_Iris large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes
subtype: family_Amaryllidaceae__Amaryllidaceae__amaryllis_family__amaryllisfamily snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
subtype: family_Hypoxidaceae__Hypoxidaceae in some classification systems included in the Amaryllidaceae
subtype: family_Liliaceae__Liliaceae__lily_family includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae
subtype: family_Alliaceae__Alliaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium
subtype: family_Aloeaceae__Aloeaceae__aloe_family one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Alstroemeriaceae__Alstroemeriaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae
subtype: family_Aphyllanthaceae__Aphyllanthaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes
subtype: family_Asparagaceae__Asparagaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus
subtype: family_Asphodelaceae__Asphodelaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
subtype: family_Colchicaceae__Colchicaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: Colchicum; Gloriosa
subtype: family_Hemerocallidaceae__Hemerocallidaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis
subtype: family_Hostaceae__Hostaceae__Funkaceae__family_Funkaceae one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta
subtype: family_Hyacinthaceae__Hyacinthaceae one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Melanthiaceae__Melanthiaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum
subtype: family_Ruscaceae__Ruscaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Tecophilaeacea__Tecophilaeacea one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Xanthorrhoeaceae__Xanthorrhoeaceae__grass_tree_family one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Trilliaceae__Trilliaceae__trillium_family small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
subtype: subfamily_Smilacaceae__Smilacaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: family_Convallariaceae__Convallariaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subtype: subfamily_Uvulariaceae__Uvulariaceae one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
subtype: family_Taccaceae__Taccaceae small family of tropical herbs
subtype: family_Agavaceae__Agavaceae__agave_family__agavefamily__sisal_family__sisalfamily chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae
subtype: subfamily_Dracenaceae__Dracenaceae__Dracaenaceae__subfamily_Dracaenaceae one of two subfamilies to which some classification systems assign some members of the Agavaceae
subtype: family_Juncaceae__Juncaceae__rush_family tufted herbs resembling grasses: rushes
subtype: family_Araceae__Araceae__arum_family anthurium; calla lily; jack-in-the-pulpit; philodendron
subtype: subfamily_Acoraceae__Acoraceae used in some classifications for the genus Acorus which is usually assigned to Araceae
subtype: family_Lemnaceae__Lemnaceae__duckweed_family family of small free-floating thalloid plants
subtype: family_Orchidaceae__Orchidaceae__orchid_family enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers
subtype: family_Burmanniaceae__Burmanniaceae family of chiefly tropical herbs with basal leaves like bracts and small flowers
subtype: family_Gramineae__Gramineae__Graminaceae__family_Graminaceae__Poaceae__family_Poaceae__grass_family__grassfamily the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane
subtype: genus_Calamagrostis__Calamagrostis reed grass
subtype: family_Cyperaceae__Cyperaceae__sedge_family__sedgefamily bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant
subtype: genus_Cyperus__Cyperus type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions
subtype: family_Pandanaceae__Pandanaceae__screw-pine_family family of woody plants of the order Pandanales including pandanus
subtype: family_Typhaceae__Typhaceae__cattail_family__cattailfamily perennial marsh plants with creeping rootstocks and long linear leaves
subtype: family_Sparganiaceae__Sparganiaceae__bur-reed_family coextensive with the genus Sparganium
subtype: family_Haemodoraceae__Haemodoraceae__bloodwort_family__bloodwortfamily some genera placed in family Liliaceae
subtype: family_Cannaceae__Cannaceae coextensive with the genus Canna
subtype: family_Marantaceae__Marantaceae__arrowroot_family__arrowrootfamily tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes
subtype: family_Musaceae__Musaceae__banana_family treelike tropical Asian herbs
subtype: family_Strelitziaceae__Strelitziaceae__strelitzia_family woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae
subtype: family_Zingiberaceae__Zingiberaceae__ginger_family a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales
subtype: family_Palmae__Palmae__Palmaceae__family_Palmaceae__Arecaceae__family_Arecaceae__palm_family chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales
subtype: family_Xyridaceae__Xyridaceae__yellow-eyed_grass_family plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places
subtype: family_Commelinaceae__Commelinaceae__spiderwort_family large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts
subtype: family_Bromeliaceae__Bromeliaceae__pineapple_family__pineapplefamily a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance
subtype: family_Mayacaceae__Mayacaceae a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales
subtype: family_Rapateaceae__Rapateaceae South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae
subtype: family_Eriocaulaceae__Eriocaulaceae__pipewort_family chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts
subtype: family_Pontederiaceae__Pontederiaceae__pickerelweed_family aquatic or bog plants
subtype: family_Naiadaceae__Naiadaceae__Najadaceae__family_Najadaceae__naiad_family__naiadfamily monotypic family of aquatic plants having narrow leaves and small flowers
subtype: family_Alismataceae__Alismataceae__water-plantain_family perennial or annual aquatic or marsh plants
subtype: family_Hydrocharitaceae__Hydrocharitaceae__Hydrocharidaceae__family_Hydrocharidaceae__frogbit_family__frogbitfamily__frog's-bit_family simple nearly stemless freshwater aquatic plants; widely distributed
subtype: family_Potamogetonaceae__Potamogetonaceae__pondweed_family plants that grow in ponds and slow streams; sometimes includes family Zosteraceae
subtype: family_Scheuchzeriaceae__Scheuchzeriaceae__Juncaginaceae__family_Juncaginaceae__arrow-grass_family__arrowgrassfamily a family of monocotyledonous bog herbs of order Naiadales
subtype: family_Zannichelliaceae__Zannichelliaceae alternative classification for some genera included in Potamogetonaceae; one species
subtype: family_Zosteraceae__Zosteraceae__eelgrass_family used in some classifications: essentially equivalent to Potamogetonaceae
subtype: dicot_family__dicotfamily__magnoliopsid_family family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
subtype: magnoliid_dicot_family__magnoliiddicotfamily family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms
subtype: family_Annonaceae__Annonaceae__custard-apple_family__custardapplefamily chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
subtype: family_Berberidaceae__Berberidaceae__barberry_family shrubs or herbs
subtype: family_Calycanthaceae__Calycanthaceae__calycanthus_family__calycanthusfamily__strawberry-shrub_family shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
subtype: family_Ceratophyllaceae__Ceratophyllaceae coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
subtype: family_Cercidiphyllaceae__Cercidiphyllaceae 1 genus
subtype: family_Lardizabalaceae__Lardizabalaceae__lardizabala_family__lardizabalafamily thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
subtype: family_Lauraceae__Lauraceae__laurel_family a family of Lauraceae
subtype: family_Magnoliaceae__Magnoliaceae__magnolia_family subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron; Magnolia; Manglietia
subtype: family_Menispermaceae__Menispermaceae__moonseed_family herbaceous or woody climbers
subtype: family_Myristicaceae__Myristicaceae__nutmeg_family family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
subtype: family_Nymphaeaceae__Nymphaeaceae__water-lily_family dicot aquatic plants
subtype: subfamily_Nelumbonaceae__Nelumbonaceae in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo
subtype: subfamily_Cabombaceae__Cabombaceae__water-shield_family in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia
subtype: family_Paeoniaceae__Paeoniaceae__peony_family__peonyfamily perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
subtype: family_Ranunculaceae__Ranunculaceae__buttercup_family__buttercupfamily__crowfoot_family a family of Ranunculaceae
subtype: family_Winteraceae__Winteraceae__winter's_bark_family small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
subtype: hamamelid_dicot_family__hamameliddicotfamily family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
subtype: family_Fagaceae__Fagaceae__beech_family__beechfamily chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea; Castanopsis; Chrysolepis; Fagus; Lithocarpus; Nothofagus; Quercus
subtype: family_Betulaceae__Betulaceae__birch_family__birchfamily monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
subtype: subfamily_Carpinaceae__Carpinaceae__family_Carpinaceae used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus; Ostryopsis; and Ostryopsis
subtype: subfamily_Corylaceae__Corylaceae__family_Corylaceae used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus
subtype: family_Hamamelidaceae__Hamamelidaceae__witch-hazel_family__witchhazelfamily comprises genera Hamamelis; Corylopsis; Fothergilla; Liquidambar; Parrotia; other small genera
subtype: family_Salicaceae__Salicaceae__willow_family two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus
subtype: caryophylloid_dicot_family__caryophylloiddicotfamily family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
subtype: family_Caryophyllaceae__Caryophyllaceae__carnation_family__carnationfamily__pink_family large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)
subtype: genus_Stellaria__Stellaria common chickweed; stitchwort
subtype: family_Aizoaceae__Aizoaceae__Tetragoniaceae__family_Tetragoniaceae__carpetweed_family succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds
subtype: family_Amaranthaceae__Amaranthaceae__amaranth_family cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs
subtype: family_Batidaceae__Batidaceae__saltwort_family family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts
subtype: family_Chenopodiaceae__Chenopodiaceae__goosefoot_family__goosefootfamily includes spinach and beets
subtype: genus_Beta__Beta beets
subtype: family_Nyctaginaceae__Nyctaginaceae__Allioniaceae__family_Allioniaceae__four-o'clock_family a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales
subtype: family_Cactaceae__Cactaceae__cactus_family constituting the order Opuntiales
subtype: family_Phytolaccaceae__Phytolaccaceae__pokeweed_family chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca; Agdestis; Ercilla; Rivina; Trichostigma
subtype: family_Portulacaceae__Portulacaceae__purslane_family family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas
subtype: dilleniid_dicot_family__dilleniiddicotfamily family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
subtype: family_Capparidaceae__Capparidaceae__caper_family__caperfamily a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis; Cleome; Crateva; Polanisia
subtype: family_Cruciferae__Cruciferae__Brassicaceae__family_Brassicaceae__mustard_family__mustardfamily plants with four-petaled flowers
subtype: family_Papaveraceae__Papaveraceae__poppy_family__poppyfamily herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits
subtype: family_Fumariaceae__Fumariaceae__fumitory_family erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn
subtype: family_Loasaceae__Loasaceae__loasa_family__loasafamily family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia
subtype: family_Malvaceae__Malvaceae__mallow_family herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra
subtype: family_Bombacaceae__Bombacaceae tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds
subtype: family_Elaeocarpaceae__Elaeocarpaceae__elaeocarpus_family__elaeocarpusfamily genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae
subtype: family_Sterculiaceae__Sterculiaceae__sterculia_family__sterculiafamily a large family of plants of order Malvales
subtype: family_Tiliaceae__Tiliaceae__linden_family chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia; Corchorus; Entelea; Grewia; Sparmannia
subtype: family_Ericaceae__Ericaceae__heath_family__heathfamily heathers
subtype: family_Clethraceae__Clethraceae__white-alder_family__whitealderfamily coextensive with the genus Clethra
subtype: family_Diapensiaceae__Diapensiaceae__diapensia_family__diapensiafamily north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales
subtype: family_Epacridaceae__Epacridaceae__epacris_family__epacrisfamily Australasian shrubs or small trees
subtype: family_Lennoaceae__Lennoaceae family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico
subtype: family_Pyrolaceae__Pyrolaceae__wintergreen_family__wintergreenfamily evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola; Chimaphila; Moneses; Orthilia
subtype: family_Monotropaceae__Monotropaceae used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes
subtype: family_Begoniaceae__Begoniaceae__begonia_family__begoniafamily monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America
subtype: family_Dilleniaceae__Dilleniaceae chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia; Hibbertia
subtype: family_Guttiferae__Guttiferae__Clusiaceae__family_Clusiaceae__St_John's_wort_family widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber
subtype: family_Hypericaceae__Hypericaceae used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae
subtype: family_Actinidiaceae__Actinidiaceae tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines
subtype: family_Canellaceae__Canellaceae__canella_family__canellafamily 1 genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies
subtype: family_Caricaceae__Caricaceae__papaya_family trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves
subtype: family_Caryocaraceae__Caryocaraceae small genus of tropical South American trees
subtype: family_Cistaceae__Cistaceae__rockrose_family shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean
subtype: family_Dipterocarpaceae__Dipterocarpaceae chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins
subtype: family_Flacourtiaceae__Flacourtiaceae__flacourtia_family chiefly tropical trees and shrubs
subtype: family_Fouquieriaceae__Fouquieriaceae small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States
subtype: family_Ochnaceae__Ochnaceae__ochna_family__ochnafamily family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves
subtype: family_Passifloraceae__Passifloraceae__passionflower_family__passionflowerfamily tropical woody tendril-climbing vines
subtype: family_Resedaceae__Resedaceae__mignonette_family mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette
subtype: family_Tamaricaceae__Tamaricaceae__tamarisk_family family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)
subtype: family_Violaceae__Violaceae__violet_family a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola; Hybanthus; Hymenanthera; Melicytus
subtype: family_Santalaceae__Santalaceae__sandalwood_family chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
subtype: family_Loranthaceae__Loranthaceae__mistletoe_family__mistletoefamily in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
subtype: family_Viscaceae__Viscaceae__mistletoe_family__mistletoefamily in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
subtype: family_Theaceae__Theaceae__tea_family__teafamily a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales
subtype: asterid_dicot_family__asteriddicotfamily family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
subtype: family_Compositae__Compositae__Asteraceae__family_Asteraceae__aster_family__asterfamily plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia
subtype: family_Ambrosiaceae__Ambrosiaceae in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds
subtype: family_Rubiaceae__Rubiaceae__madder_family widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry
subtype: family_Caprifoliaceae__Caprifoliaceae__honeysuckle_family__honeysucklefamily shrubs and small trees and woody vines
subtype: family_Dipsacaceae__Dipsacaceae chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads
subtype: family_Polemoniaceae__Polemoniaceae__phlox_family__phloxfamily a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers
subtype: family_Acanthaceae__Acanthaceae__acanthus_family widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: family_Bignoniaceae__Bignoniaceae trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: trumpet_creeper__trumpetcreeper__trumpet_vine__trumpetvine__Campsis_radicans a North American woody vine having pinnate leaves and large red trumpet-shaped flowers
subtype: family_Gesneriaceae__Gesneriaceae__gesneria_family large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: family_Hydrophyllaceae__Hydrophyllaceae__waterleaf_family__waterleaffamily perennial woodland herbs
subtype: family_Labiatae__Labiatae__Lamiaceae__family_Lamiaceae__mint_family the mints: aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including thyme; sage; rosemary
subtype: family_Scrophulariaceae__Scrophulariaceae__figwort_family__figwortfamily__foxglove_family a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: family_Solanaceae__Solanaceae__potato_family large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum; Atropa; Brugmansia; Capsicum; Datura; Hyoscyamus; Lycopersicon; Nicotiana; Petunia; Physalis; Solandra
subtype: family_Verbenaceae__Verbenaceae__verbena_family__verbenafamily__vervain_family__vervainfamily family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees
subtype: family_Avicenniaceae__Avicenniaceae used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia
subtype: family_Valerianaceae__Valerianaceae__valerian_family genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor
subtype: rosid_dicot_family__rosiddicotfamily a family of dicotyledonous plants
subtype: family_Connaraceae__Connaraceae__zebrawood_family__zebrawoodfamily mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae
subtype: family_Leguminosae__Leguminosae__Fabaceae__family_Fabaceae__legume_family__pea_family__peafamily a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
subtype: family_Mimosaceae__Mimosaceae family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: subfamily_Mimosoideae__Mimosoideae alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Mimosaceae
subtype: family_Araliaceae__Araliaceae__ivy_family__ivyfamily mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: ginseng; hedera
subtype: family_Onagraceae__Onagraceae__evening-primrose_family a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales
subtype: family_Melastomataceae__Melastomataceae__Melastomaceae__family_Melastomaceae__meadow-beauty_family a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals
subtype: family_Caesalpiniaceae__Caesalpiniaceae spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: subfamily_Caesalpinioideae__Caesalpinioideae alternative name in some classification systems for the family Caesalpiniaceae
subtype: Papilionaceae__family_Papilionacea leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
subtype: subfamily_Papilionoideae__Papilionoideae alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Papilionaceae
subtype: genus_Medicago__Medicago a genus of herbs that resemble clover
subtype: family_Rosaceae__Rosaceae__rose_family a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens
subtype: family_Balsaminaceae__Balsaminaceae__balsam_family distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers
subtype: family_Geraniaceae__Geraniaceae__geranium_family chiefly herbaceous plants
subtype: family_Burseraceae__Burseraceae__torchwood_family__torchwoodfamily resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees
subtype: family_Callitrichaceae__Callitrichaceae dicot aquatic herbs
subtype: family_Malpighiaceae__Malpighiaceae tropical shrubs or trees
subtype: family_Meliaceae__Meliaceae__mahogany_family tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees
subtype: family_Lepidobotryaceae__Lepidobotryaceae family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
subtype: family_Oxalidaceae__Oxalidaceae__wood-sorrel_family a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers
subtype: family_Polygalaceae__Polygalaceae__milkwort_family trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres
subtype: family_Rutaceae__Rutaceae__rue_family__ruefamily a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent
subtype: family_Simaroubaceae__Simaroubaceae__quassia_family__quassiafamily chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit
subtype: family_Tropaeolaceae__Tropaeolaceae__naturtium_family__naturtiumfamily coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum
subtype: family_Zygophyllaceae__Zygophyllaceae__bean-caper_family small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum; Tribulus; Guaiacum: Larrea
subtype: family_Cephalotaceae__Cephalotaceae a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
subtype: family_Cunoniaceae__Cunoniaceae__cunonia_family__cunoniafamily trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
subtype: family_Hydrangeaceae__Hydrangeaceae__hydrangea_family__hydrangeafamily sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
subtype: subfamily_Philadelphaceae__Philadelphaceae 1 genus; usually included in family Hydrangeaceae
subtype: family_Saxifragaceae__Saxifragaceae__saxifrage_family__saxifragefamily a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae
subtype: family_Platanaceae__Platanaceae__plane-tree_family coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees
subtype: family_Euphorbiaceae__Euphorbiaceae__spurge_family a family of plants of order Geraniales
subtype: family_Umbelliferae__Umbelliferae__Apiaceae__family_Apiaceae__carrot_family plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill
subtype: genus_Angelica biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot
subtype: genus_Pastinaca__Pastinaca a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips
subtype: family_Cornaceae__Cornaceae__dogwood_family__dogwoodfamily a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba; Cornus; Corokia; Curtisia; Griselinia; Helwingia
subtype: family_Myricaceae__Myricaceae__wax-myrtle_family constituting the order Myricales
subtype: family_Leitneriaceae__Leitneriaceae__corkwood_family coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order
subtype: family_Apocynaceae__Apocynaceae__dogbane_family__dogbanefamily chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
subtype: family_Aristolochiaceae__Aristolochiaceae__birthwort_family__birthwortfamily family of birthworts (including wild ginger)
subtype: family_Rafflesiaceae__Rafflesiaceae a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales
subtype: family_Hydnoracea__Hydnoracea a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants
subtype: family_Primulaceae__Primulaceae__primrose_family a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
subtype: family_Myrsinaceae__Myrsinaceae__myrsine_family__myrsinefamily family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida
subtype: family_Plumbaginaceae__Plumbaginaceae__leadwort_family__sea-lavender_family perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in salt-water areas
subtype: family_Theophrastaceae__Theophrastaceae family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae
subtype: family_Cucurbitaceae__Cucurbitaceae__gourd_family__gourdfamily a family of herbaceous vines (such cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)
subtype: cucurbit any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae
subtype: family_Goodeniaceae__Goodeniaceae__Goodenia_family a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China
subtype: family_Lobeliaceae__Lobeliaceae__lobelia_family__lobeliafamily not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae
subtype: family_Proteaceae__Proteaceae__protea_family large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales
subtype: family_Casuarinaceae__Casuarinaceae 1 genus: Casuarina
subtype: family_Gentianaceae__Gentianaceae__gentian_family__gentianfamily chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
subtype: family_Salvadoraceae__Salvadoraceae__Salvadora_family a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
subtype: family_Oleaceae__Oleaceae__olive_family__olivefamily trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
subtype: family_Juglandaceae__Juglandaceae__walnut_family trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans
subtype: family_Combretaceae__Combretaceae__combretum_family__combretumfamily a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales
subtype: family_Elaeagnaceae__Elaeagnaceae__oleaster_family shrubs or small trees often armed
subtype: family_Haloragidaceae__Haloragidaceae__Haloragaceae__family_Haloragaceae__water-milfoil_family__watermilfoilfamily a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales
subtype: family_Lecythidaceae__Lecythidaceae large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins
subtype: family_Lythraceae__Lythraceae__loosestrife_family__loosestrifefamily herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers
subtype: family_Myrtaceae__Myrtaceae__myrtle_family trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil
subtype: family_Nyssaceae__Nyssaceae__sour-gum_family__tupelo_family a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees
subtype: family_Punicaceae__Punicaceae 1 species: pomegranates
subtype: family_Rhizophoraceae__Rhizophoraceae__mangrove_family trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts
subtype: family_Thymelaeaceae__Thymelaeaceae__daphne_family family of tough-barked trees and shrubs and herbs especially of Australia and tropical Africa
subtype: family_Trapaceae__Trapaceae family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae
subtype: family_Urticaceae__Urticaceae__nettle_family a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs
subtype: family_Cannabidaceae__Cannabidaceae__hemp_family 2 genera of erect or twining wind-pollinated herbs: genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae
subtype: family_Moraceae__Moraceae__mulberry_family trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis
subtype: family_Cecropiaceae__Cecropiaceae in some classifications included in family Moraceae
subtype: family_Ulmaceae__Ulmaceae__elm_family__elmfamily a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus; Celtis; Planera; Trema
subtype: family_Menyanthaceae__Menyanthaceae__buckbean_family a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
subtype: family_Loganiaceae__Loganiaceae a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
subtype: family_Linaceae__Linaceae__flax_family a widely distributed family of plants
subtype: family_Plantaginaceae__Plantaginaceae__plantain_family cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds
subtype: family_Polygonaceae__Polygonaceae__buckwheat_family__buckwheatfamily a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats
subtype: family_Amygdalaceae__Amygdalaceae used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus
subtype: family_Sapindaceae__Sapindaceae__soapberry_family__soapberryfamily chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
subtype: family_Buxaceae__Buxaceae__box_family__boxfamily widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
subtype: family_Celastraceae__Celastraceae__spindle-tree_family__staff-tree_family trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
subtype: family_Empetraceae__Empetraceae__crowberry_family__crowberryfamily heathlike shrubs
subtype: family_Aceraceae__Aceraceae__maple_family__maplefamily a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
subtype: family_Aquifoliaceae__Aquifoliaceae__holly_family__hollyfamily widely distributed shrubs and trees
subtype: family_Anacardiaceae__Anacardiaceae__sumac_family__sumacfamily the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
subtype: family_Hippocastanaceae__Hippocastanaceae__horse-chestnut_family trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
subtype: family_Staphylaceae__Staphylaceae__bladdernut_family a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
subtype: family_Ebenaceae__Ebenaceae__ebony_family__ebonyfamily fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
subtype: family_Sapotaceae__Sapotaceae__sapodilla_family__sapodillafamily tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
subtype: family_Symplocaceae__Symplocaceae__sweetleaf_family__sweetleaffamily a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
subtype: family_Styracaceae__Styracaceae__storax_family__styrax_family a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
subtype: family_Sarraceniaceae__Sarraceniaceae__pitcher-plant_family__pitcherplantfamily insectivorous plants
subtype: family_Nepenthaceae__Nepenthaceae coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
subtype: family_Droseraceae__Droseraceae__sundew_family a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
subtype: family_Roridulaceae__Roridulaceae in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
subtype: family_Convolvulaceae__Convolvulaceae__morning-glory_family__morninggloryfamily morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit
subtype: family_Orobanchaceae__Orobanchaceae__broomrape_family__broomrapefamily brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
subtype: family_Rhamnaceae__Rhamnaceae__buckthorn_family__buckthornfamily trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
subtype: family_Vitaceae__Vitaceae__Vitidaceae__grapevine_family__grapevinefamily a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
subtype: family_Piperaceae__Piperaceae__pepper_family tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
subtype: family_Chloranthaceae__Chloranthaceae small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
subtype: family_Saururaceae__Saururaceae__lizard's-tail_family family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus; Anemopsis; Houttuynia
subtype: family_Asclepiadaceae__Asclepiadaceae__milkweed_family widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
subtype: fungus_family includes lichen families
subtype: family_Erysiphaceae__Erysiphaceae family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
subtype: family_Sphaeriaceae__Sphaeriaceae parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
subtype: family_Ceratostomataceae__Ceratostomataceae fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
subtype: family_Hypocreaceae__Hypocreaceae family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
subtype: mushroom_pimple any of various mushrooms of the family Hypocreaceae
subtype: orange_mushroom_pimple a variety of mushroom pimple
subtype: green_mushroom_pimple a variety of mushroom pimple
subtype: family_Xylariaceae__Xylariaceae family of fungi characterized by dark brown to back spores
subtype: family_Helotiaceae__Helotiaceae a fungus family of order Helotiales
subtype: family_Sclerotiniaceae__Sclerotiniaceae a fungus family of order Helotiales
subtype: family_Sclerodermataceae__Sclerodermataceae a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
subtype: family_Tulostomaceae__Tulostomaceae__Tulostomataceae__family_Tulostomataceae stalked puffballs
subtype: family_Rhizopogonaceae__Rhizopogonaceae a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
subtype: family_Mucoraceae__Mucoraceae large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
subtype: family_Entomophthoraceae__Entomophthoraceae mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
subtype: family_Chytridiaceae__Chytridiaceae a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
subtype: family_Blastodiaceae__Blastodiaceae a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
subtype: family_Synchytriaceae__Synchytriaceae a fungus family of order Chytridiales
subtype: family_Peronosporaceae__Peronosporaceae parasitic fungi: downy mildews
subtype: family_Albuginaceae__Albuginaceae fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
subtype: family_Pythiaceae__Pythiaceae fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
subtype: family_Plasmodiophoraceae__Plasmodiophoraceae family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
subtype: family_Tuberaceae__Tuberaceae family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
subtype: family_Clavariaceae__Clavariaceae fleshy fungi: coral fungi
subtype: family_Hydnaceae__Hydnaceae tooth fungi
subtype: family_Lecanoraceae__Lecanoraceae a fungus family of the division Lichenes
subtype: family_Roccellaceae__Roccellaceae a fungus family of division Lichenes
subtype: family_Pertusariaceae__Pertusariaceae a fungus family of division Lichenes
subtype: family_Usneaceae__Usneaceae fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea; Evernia; Ramalina; Alectoria
subtype: family_Cladoniaceae__Cladoniaceae a family of lichens
subtype: family_Parmeliaceae__Parmeliaceae a family of lichens
subtype: family_Agaricaceae__Agaricaceae large family including many familiar mushrooms
subtype: family_Coprinaceae__Coprinaceae used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
subtype: family_Russulaceae__Russulaceae used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
subtype: family_Strophariaceae__Strophariaceae sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
subtype: family_Entolomataceae__Entolomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: family_Lepiotaceae__Lepiotaceae a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
subtype: family_Thelephoraceae__Thelephoraceae fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
subtype: family_Tricholomataceae__Tricholomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: family_Volvariaceae__Volvariaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: family_Pluteaceae__Pluteaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: family_Saccharomycetaceae__Saccharomycetaceae family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
subtype: family_Schizosaccharomycetaceae__Schizosaccharomycetaceae a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
subtype: family_Aspergillaceae__Aspergillaceae family of fungi including some common molds
subtype: family_Pezizaceae__Pezizaceae large family comprising many typical cup fungi
subtype: family_Morchellaceae__Morchellaceae a family of edible fungi including the true morels
subtype: family_Sarcoscyphaceae__Sarcoscyphaceae family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
subtype: family_Helvellaceae__Helvellaceae family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
subtype: family_Phallaceae__Phallaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
subtype: family_Calostomataceae__Calostomataceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
subtype: family_Clathraceae__Clathraceae family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
subtype: family_Lycoperdaceae__Lycoperdaceae a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
subtype: family_Geastraceae__Geastraceae a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
subtype: family_Nidulariaceae__Nidulariaceae bird's-nest fungi
subtype: family_Sphaerobolaceae__Sphaerobolaceae monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
subtype: family_Secotiaceae__Secotiaceae a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
subtype: family_Polyporaceae__Polyporaceae fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
subtype: family_Fistulinaceae__Fistulinaceae a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
subtype: family_Boletaceae__Boletaceae family of pore-bearing fleshy fungi having the spores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
subtype: family_Tremellaceae__Tremellaceae a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
subtype: family_Auriculariaceae__Auriculariaceae fungi having gelatinous sporophores
subtype: family_Dacrymycetaceae__Dacrymycetaceae a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
subtype: family_Melampsoraceae__Melampsoraceae rust fungi
subtype: family_Pucciniaceae__Pucciniaceae large important family of rust fungi
subtype: family_Ustilaginaceae__Ustilaginaceae a fungus family of loose smuts
subtype: family_Tilletiaceae__Tilletiaceae a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
subtype: family_Septobasidiaceae__Septobasidiaceae a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
subtype: family_Hygrophoraceae__Hygrophoraceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
subtype: family_Cortinariaceae__Cortinariaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
subtype: family_Moniliaceae__Moniliaceae family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
subtype: family_Dematiaceae__Dematiaceae family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
subtype: family_Tuberculariaceae__Tuberculariaceae large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
subtype: family_Geoglossaceae__Geoglossaceae a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
subtype: plant_family__plantfamily a family of plants
subtype: gymnosperm_family a family of gymnosperms
subtype: family_Gnetaceae__Gnetaceae plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as Gnetum
subtype: family_Ephedraceae__Ephedraceae ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
subtype: family_Welwitschiaceae__Welwitschiaceae in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
subtype: family_Cycadaceae__Cycadaceae__cycad_family__cycadfamily ancient palmlike plants closely related to ferns in that fertilization is by means of spermatozoids
subtype: family_Zamiaceae__Zamiaceae__zamia_family__zamiafamily a family of cycads often included in the family Cycadaceae: zamias
subtype: family_Bennettitaceae__Bennettitaceae a family of fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
subtype: family_Cordaitaceae__Cordaitaceae chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus
subtype: family_Pinaceae__Pinaceae__pine_family a family of Pinaceae
subtype: family_Cupressaceae__Cupressaceae__cypress_family__cypressfamily cypresses and junipers and many cedars
subtype: subfamily_Taxodiaceae__Taxodiaceae__redwood_family__redwoodfamily coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems
subtype: family_Araucariaceae__Araucariaceae__araucaria_family__araucariafamily tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae
subtype: family_Cephalotaxaceae__Cephalotaxaceae__plum-yew_family a family of Cephalotaxaceae
subtype: family_Phyllocladaceae__Phyllocladaceae a family of Phyllocladaceae
subtype: family_Podocarpaceae__Podocarpaceae__podocarpus_family gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves
subtype: family_Sciadopityaceae__Sciadopityaceae family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae
subtype: family_Taxaceae__Taxaceae__yew_family__yewfamily sometimes classified as member of order Taxales
subtype: family_Ginkgoaceae__Ginkgoaceae__ginkgo_family constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms
subtype: family_Campanulaceae__Campanulaceae__bellflower_family family of plants of the order Campanulales; in some classifications includes Lobeliaceae
subtype: family_Dioscoreaceae__Dioscoreaceae__yam_family__yamfamily yams
subtype: family_Erythroxylaceae__Erythroxylaceae a family of plants of order Geraniales; have drupaceous fruit
subtype: family_Crassulaceae__Crassulaceae__stonecrop_family__stonecropfamily succulent shrubs and herbs
subtype: family_Grossulariaceae__Grossulariaceae__gooseberry_family in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry
subtype: family_Boraginaceae__Boraginaceae__borage_family a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit
subtype: family_Lentibulariaceae__Lentibulariaceae__bladderwort_family__bladderwortfamily carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia; Pinguicula; Genlisea
subtype: family_Martyniaceae__Martyniaceae in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae
subtype: family_Pedaliaceae__Pedaliaceae__sesame_family the family of plants of order Polemoniales
subtype: fern_family families of ferns and fern allies
subtype: family_Hymenophyllaceae__Hymenophyllaceae terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns
subtype: family_Osmundaceae__Osmundaceae large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas
subtype: family_Schizaeaceae__Schizaeaceae small family of mainly tropical ferns
subtype: family_Marsileaceae__Marsileaceae clover ferns
subtype: family_Salviniaceae__Salviniaceae water ferns
subtype: family_Azollaceae__Azollaceae used in some classifications for the genus Azolla
subtype: family_Ophioglossaceae__Ophioglossaceae a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution
subtype: family_Gleicheniaceae__Gleicheniaceae a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales
subtype: family_Parkeriaceae__Parkeriaceae coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae
subtype: family_Polypodiaceae__Polypodiaceae ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)
subtype: family_Adiantaceae__Adiantaceae used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)
subtype: family_Vittariaceae__Vittariaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria
subtype: family_Aspleniaceae__Aspleniaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium; Pleurosorus; Schaffneria
subtype: family_Blechnaceae__Blechnaceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum; Doodia; Sadleria; Stenochlaena; Woodwardia
subtype: family_Cyatheaceae__Cyatheaceae tropical tree ferns
subtype: family_Davalliaceae__Davalliaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: family_Dennstaedtiaceae__Dennstaedtiaceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: family_Dicksoniaceae__Dicksoniaceae tree ferns: genera Dicksonia; Cibotium; Culcita; Thyrsopteris
subtype: family_Dryopteridaceae__Dryopteridaceae__Athyriaceae__family_Athyriaceae alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: family_Lomariopsidaceae__Lomariopsidaceae small family of usually scandent ferns
subtype: family_Lophosoriaceae__Lophosoriaceae very small family of tree ferns
subtype: family_Loxomataceae__Loxomataceae very small family of New Zealand ferns
subtype: family_Oleandraceae__Oleandraceae one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: family_Pteridaceae__Pteridaceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided
subtype: family_Marattiaceae__Marattiaceae constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds
subtype: family_Psilotaceae__Psilotaceae small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves
subtype: family_Psilophytaceae__Psilophytaceae Paleozoic plants
subtype: family_Rhyniaceae__Rhyniaceae primitive plants of the Paleozoic
subtype: family_Equisetaceae__Equisetaceae__horsetail_family__horsetailfamily sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies
subtype: family_Lepidodendraceae__Lepidodendraceae fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk
subtype: family_Lycopodiaceae__Lycopodiaceae__clubmoss_family a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales
subtype: family_Selaginellaceae__Selaginellaceae lesser clubmosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses
subtype: family_Isoetaceae__Isoetaceae__quillwort_family__quillwortfamily quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes
subtype: family_Cryptogrammataceae__Cryptogrammataceae one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
subtype: family_Thelypteridaceae__Thelypteridaceae genera Thelypteris; Phegopteris; others
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