#enzyme any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
supertype: protein any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of long chains of polypeptides
part: active_site
subtype: amylase any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
subtype: ptyalin an amylase secreted in saliva
subtype: cholinesterase an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
subtype: coagulase an enzyme that induces coagulation
subtype: thrombin an enzyme that acts on fibrinogen in blood causing it to clot
subtype: rennin__chymosin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
subtype: complement.enzyme one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
subtype: catalase enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and water
subtype: cyclooxygenase__Cox either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
subtype: cyclooxygenase-1__Cox-1 an enzyme that regulates prostaglandins that are important for the health of the stomach lining and kidneys; "an unfortunate side effect of Nsaids is that they block Cox-1"
subtype: cyclooxygenase-2__Cox-2 an enzyme that makes prostaglandins that cause inflammation and pain and fever; "the beneficial effects of Nsaids result from their ability to block Cox-2"
subtype: decarboxylase any of the enzymes that that hydrolize the carboxyl group
subtype: de-iodinase an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
subtype: enterokinase enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
subtype: histaminase enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
subtype: hyaluronidase__spreading_factor__spreadingfactor__hyazyme an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
subtype: isomerase an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
subtype: kinase an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
subtype: lactase__lactaid any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactose
subtype: lipase an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
subtype: lysozyme__muramidase an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
subtype: monoamine_oxidase__monoamineoxidase__MAO an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
subtype: nitrogenase an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
subtype: oxidase any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
subtype: peroxidase any of a group of enzymes (occurring especially in plant cells) that catalyze the oxidation of a compound by a peroxide
subtype: glutathione_peroxidase__glutathioneperoxidase an enzyme in the body that is a powerful scavenger of free radicals
subtype: oxidoreductase an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
subtype: oxygenase an oxidoreductase that catalyzes the incorporation of molecular oxygen
subtype: papain a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
subtype: penicillinase__betalactamase enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
subtype: pepsin an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
subtype: pepsinogen precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
subtype: phosphatase any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
subtype: plasmin__fibrinolysin an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
subtype: plasminogen an inactive form of plasmin that occurs in plasma and is converted to plasmin by organic solvents
subtype: polymerase an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
subtype: transcriptase a polymerase associated with the process of transcription
subtype: reverse_transcriptase__reversetranscriptase a polymerase that catalyzes the formation of DNA using RNA as a template; found especially in retroviruses
subtype: protease__peptidase__proteinase__proteolytic_enzyme__proteolyticenzyme any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
subtype: caspase any of a group of proteases that mediate apoptosis
subtype: angiotensin_converting_enzyme proteolytic enzyme that converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II
subtype: plasminogen_activator__plasminogenactivator__urokinase protease produced in the kidney that converts plasminogen to plasmin and so initiates fibrinolysis
subtype: renin a proteolytic enzyme secreted by the kidneys; catalyzes the formation of angiotensin and thus affects blood pressure
subtype: reductase an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
subtype: HMG-CoA_reductase__5-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme_A_reductase a liver enzyme that is responsible for producing cholesterol
subtype: rennin__chymosin an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
subtype: secretase a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
subtype: streptodornase an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
subtype: streptokinase an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
subtype: superoxide_dismutase__SOD an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen; "oxygen free radicals are normally removed in our bodies by the superoxide dismutase enzymes"
subtype: transaminase a class of enzymes that cause transamination
subtype: glutamic_oxalacetic_transaminase__glutamic_oxaloacetic_transaminase an enzyme involved in transamination
subtype: trypsin an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
subtype: trypsinogen inactive precursor of trypsin; a substance secreted by the pancreas and converted to active trypsin by enterokinase in the small intestine
subtype: zymase a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms
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