#eastern_hemisphere__easternhemisphere__orient the hemisphere that includes Eurasia and Africa and Australia
supertype: hemisphere half of the terrestrial globe
part: Old_World the regions of the world that were known to Europeans before the discovery of the Americas
part: Africa the second largest continent; located south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the India Ocean
part: Boer_War either of two wars: the first when the Boers fought England in order to regain the independence they had given up to obtain British help against the Zulus (1880-1881); the second when the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain (1899-1902)
part: Barbary a region of North Africa on the Mediterranean coast between Egypt and Gibraltar; was used as a base for pirates from the 16th to 19th centuries
part: Barbary_Coast.North_Africa__barbarycoast the Mediterranean coast of North Africa that was famous for its Moorish pirates
part: Nubia an ancient region of northeastern Africa (southern Egypt and northern Sudan) on the Nile; much of Nubia is now under Lake Nasser
part: African_country__African_nation countries occupying the African continent
part: Namibia__Republic_of_Namibia a republic in southwestern Africa on the south Atlantic coast (formerly called South West Africa); achieved independence from South Africa in 1990; the greater part of Namibia form part of the high Namibian plateau of South Africa
part: Windhoek capital of Namibia in the center of the country
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Namib_Desert a desert in Namibia extending along the coast between the high plateau and the Atlantic Ocean
part: Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
part: Algiers__Algerian_capital an ancient port on the Mediterranean; the capital and largest city of Algeria
part: Oran a port city in northwestern Algeria and the country's 2nd largest city
part: Angola__Republic_of_Angola a republic in southwestern Africa on the Atlantic Ocean; achieved independence from Portugal in 1975 and was the scene of civil war until 1990
part: Luanda__Angolan_capital port city on Atlantic coast; the capital and largest city of Angola
part: Kasai_River__Kasai__River_Kasai a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Burundi__Republic_of_Burundi a landlocked republic in east central Africa on the northeastern shore of Lake Tanganyika
part: Bujumbura__Usumbura__capital_of_Burundi the capital and largest city of Burundi; "Usumbura was renamed Bujumbura when Burundi became independent in 1962"
part: Republic_of_Cameroon__Cameroon__Cameroun a republic on the western coast of central Africa; was under French and British control until 1960
part: Yaounde__capital_of_Cameroon the capital of Cameroon
part: Douala the largest city of Cameroon
part: Cameroon an inactive volcano in western Cameroon; highest peak on the West African coast
part: Central_African_Republic__Central_Africa a landlocked country in central Africa; formerly under French control; became independent in 1960
part: Bangui__capital_of_Central_Africa the capital and largest city of the Central Africa Republic
part: Republic_of_Chad__Chad__Tchad a landlocked desert republic in north-central Africa; was under French control until 1960
part: N'Djamena__Ndjamena__Fort-Lamy__capital_of_Chad the capital and largest city of Chad; located in the southwestern on the Shari river
part: Republic_of_the_Congo__French_Congo a republic in west-central Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960
part: Brazzaville the capital and largest city of the Republic of Congo
part: Congo__Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo__Zaire__Belgian_Congo a republic in central Africa; achieved independence from Belgium in 1960
part: Kananga__Luluabourg a city in southwestern Congo; former name (until 1966) was Luluabourg
part: Kinshasa__Leopoldville the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the Congo river opposite Brazzaville
part: Lubumbashi__Elisabethville a city in southeastern Congo near the border with Zambia; a copper mining center; former name (until 1966) was Elisabethville
part: Congo_River__Congo a major African river (one of the world's longest); flows through Congo into the South Atlantic
part: Kasai_River__Kasai__River_Kasai a river of southwestern Africa that rises in central Angola and flows east and then north (forming part of the border between Angola and Congo) and continuing northwest through Congo to empty into the Congo River on the border between Congo and Republic of the Congo
part: Lake_Kivu__Kivu a lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda
part: Ivory_Coast__Cote_d'Ivoire__Republic_of_Cote_d'Ivoire a republic in western Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; one of the most prosperous and politically stable countries in Africa
part: Abidjan city recognized by the United States as the capital of the Ivory Coast; largest city of the Ivory Coast
part: Benin__Republic_of_Benin__Dahomey a country on western coast of Africa; formerly part of French West Africa
part: Porto_Novo__capital_of_Benin the capital of Benin in southwestern part of country on a coastal lagoon
part: Cotonou chief port of Benin on the Bight of Benin
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Togo__Togolese_Republic a republic on the western coast of Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; formerly part of French West Africa
part: Lome__capital_of_Togo capital and largest city of Togo; located in the south on the Gulf of Guinea
part: Equatorial_Guinea__Republic_of_Equitorial_Guinea__Spanish_Guinea a country of west central Africa (including islands in the Gulf of Guinea); became independent from Spain in 1968
part: Bioko an island in the Gulf of Guinea that is part of Equatorial Guinea
part: Malabo the capital and largest city of Equatorial Guinea on the island of Bioko in the Gulf of Guinea
part: Roman_Empire an empire including the lands in Europe and Africa and Asia that were ruled by ancient Rome
part: Holy_Roman_Empire__First_Reich the lands ruled by Charlemagne; a continuation of the Roman Empire in Europe
part: Byzantine_Empire__Eastern_Roman_Empire a continuation of the Roman Empire in the East after AD 330 when Constantine the Great rebuilt Byzantium and called it Constantinople and made it his capital
part: Byzantium an ancient city on the Bosporus founded by the Greeks; site of modern Istanbul
part: Rwanda__Rwandese_Republic__Ruanda a landlocked republic in central Africa; formerly a German colony
part: Kigali__capital_of_Rwanda the capital and largest city of Rwanda; located in central Rwanda
part: Lake_Kivu__Kivu a lake in the mountains of central Africa between Congo and Rwanda
part: Botswana__Republic_of_Botswana a landlocked republic in south-central Africa that became independent from British control in the 1960s
part: Gaborone__capital_of_Botswana capital and largest city of Botswana in the extreme southeast
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
part: Aswan_High_Dam__Aswan_Dam__High_Dam one of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt
part: Sinai_Peninsula__Sinai a peninsula in northeastern Egypt; at north end of Red Sea
part: Sinai_Desert__Sinai a desert on the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt
part: Mount_Sinai__Sinai a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments
part: El_Iskandriyah__Alexandria the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt
part: Aswan__Assuan__Assouan an ancient city on the Nile in Egypt; site of the Aswan High Dam
part: Cairo__El_Qahira__Egyptian_capital__capital_of_Egypt the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just south of the Nile Delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs
part: El_Alamein a village west of Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt; the scene of a decisive Allied victory over the Germans in 1942
part: Giza__El_Giza an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids and the Sphinx
part: Memphis.Egypt__memphi an ancient city of Egypt (S of Cairo)
part: Luxor a city in central Egypt on the east bank of the Nile; site of the Temple of Luxor
part: Saqqara__Saqqarah__Sakkara a town in northern Egypt; site of the oldest Egyptian pyramids (the Step Pyramid)
part: Suez a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal
part: Suez_Canal a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
part: Lake_Nasser__Nasser lake in Egypt formed by dams built on the Nile River at Aswan
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Kenya__Republic_of_Kenya a republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1963; major archeological discoveries have been made in the Great Rift Valley in Kenya
part: Nairobi__capital_of_Kenya the capital and largest city of Kenya; a center for tourist safaris
part: Kisumu a port city in western Kenya on the northeastern shore of Lake Victoria; fishing and trading center
part: Mombasa a port city in southern Kenya on a coral island in a bay of the Indian Ocean
part: Nakuru a city in western Kenya; commercial center of an agricultural region
part: Gabon__Gabonese_Republic__Gabun a republic on the west coast of Africa
part: Libreville__capital_of_Gabon the capital of Gabon
part: Gambia__The_Gambia__Republic_of_The_Gambia a narrow republic surrounded by Senegal in West Africa
part: Banjul__capital_of_Gambia a port city and capital of Gambia
part: Ghana__Republic_of_Ghana__Gold_Coast a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; "Ghana was colonized as the Gold Coast by the British"
part: Accra__capital_of_Ghana the capital and largest city of Ghana with a deep-water port
part: Guinea__Republic_of_Guinea__French_Guinea a republic in eastern Africa on the Atlantic; formerly a French colony; achieved independence from France in 1958
part: Conakry__Konakri__capital_of_Guinea a port and the capital of Guinea
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Guinea-Bissau__Republic_of_Guinea-Bissau__Guine-Bissau__Portuguese_Guinea a republic on the northwestern coast of Africa; recognized as independent by Portugal in 1974
part: Bissau__capital_of_Guinea-Bissau the capital of Guinea-Bissau
part: Lesotho__Kingdom_of_Lesotho__Basutoland a landlocked constitutional monarchy in southern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1966
part: Maseru__capital_of_Lesotho the capital of Lesotho; located in northwestern Lesotho
part: Liberia__Republic_of_Liberia a republic in West Africa; established in 1822 by Americans as a way to free negro slaves
part: Monrovia__Liberian_capital__capital_of_Liberia the capital and chief port and largest city of Liberia
part: Libya__Socialist_People's_Libyan_Arab_Jamahiriya a military dictatorship in North Africa on the Mediterranean; consists almost entirely of desert; a major exporter of petroleum
part: Tripoli__capital_of_Libya the capital and largest city of Libya; in northwest Libya on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by the Phoenicians in the 7th century BC
part: Benghazi port in northern Libya on the Gulf of Sidra; formerly a joint capital of Libya with Tripoli
part: Republic_of_Madagascar__Madagascar__Malagasy_Republic a republic on the Island of Madagascar; achieved independence from France in 1960
part: Antananarivo__capital_of_Madagascar the capital and largest city of Madagascar
part: Malawi__Republic_of_Malawi__Nyasaland a landlocked republic in southern central Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
part: Blantyre city in southern Malawi; largest city and commercial center of Malawi
part: Lilongwe__capital_of_Malawi the capital of Malawi; located in south central Malawi
part: Zomba a city in southern Malawi; was the capital until 1971
part: Mali__Republic_of_Mali__French_Sudan a landlocked republic in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1960; Mali was a center of West African civilization for more than 4,000 years
part: Bamako the capital of Mali; located in the south on the Niger
part: Timbuktu a city in central Mali near the Niger river; formerly famous for its gold trade
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Mauritania__Islamic_Republic_of_Mauritania__Mauritanie__Muritaniya a country in northwestern Africa with a provisional military government; achieved independence from France in 1960; largely western Sahara Desert
part: Nouakchott capital of Mauritania; located in western Mauritania near the Atlantic coast
part: Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956
part: Casablanca a port on the Atlantic and the largest city of Morocco
part: El_Aaium a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast
part: Fez__Fes a city in north central Morocco; religious center
part: Marrakesh__Marrakech a city in western Morocco; tourist center
part: Rabat__capital_of_Morocco the capital of Morocco; located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast
part: Tangier__Tangiers a city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar; "the first tangerines were shipped from Tangier to Europe in 1841"
part: Western_Sahara__Spanish_Sahara an area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992
part: Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
part: Mozambique__Republic_of_Mozambique__Mocambique a republic on the eastern coast of Africa on the Indian Ocean; became independent from Portugal in 1975
part: Maputo__capital_of_Mozambique the capital and largest city of Mozambique
part: Limpopo__Crocodile_River an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Niger__Republic_of_Niger a landlocked republic in West Africa; gained independence from France in 1960; most of the country is dominated by the Sahara Desert
part: Niamey__capital_of_Niger the capital and largest city of Niger
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Nigeria__Federal_Republic_of_Nigeria a republic in West Africa on the Gulf of Guinea; gained independence from Britain in 1960; most populous African country
part: Abuja__capital_of_Nigeria__Nigerian_capital capital of Nigeria in the center of the country
part: Ibadan a large Yoruba city in southwestern Nigeria; site of a university
part: Katsina a city in northern Nigeria; a major center of the Hausa people
part: Lagos chief port and economic center of Nigeria; located in southwestern Nigeria on the Gulf of Guinea; former capital of Nigeria
part: Yerwa-Maiduguri__Maiduguri a city in northeastern Nigeria; an agricultural trading center
part: Zaria a city in north central Nigeria; agricultural trading center
part: Niger_River__Niger an African river; flows into the South Atlantic
part: Senegal__Republic_of_Senegal a republic in northwestern Africa on the coast of the Atlantic; formerly a French colony but achieved independence in 1960
part: Dakar__capital_of_Senegal the capital and chief port and largest city of Senegal
part: Sierra_Leone__Republic_of_Sierra_Leone a republic in West Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1961
part: Freetown__capital_of_Sierra_Leone__capitalofsierraleone port city and the capital and largest city of Sierra Leone
part: Somali_peninsula__Horn_of_Africa a peninsula of northeastern Africa (the easternmost part of Africa) comprising Somalia and Djibouti and Eritrea and parts of Ethiopia
part: Djibouti__Republic_of_Djibouti__Afars_and_Issas a country in northeastern Africa on the Somali peninsula; formerly under French control but became independent in 1997
part: Djibouti.capital__djibouti__capital_of_Djibouti port city on the Gulf of Aden; the capital and largest city of Djibouti
part: Eritrea__State_of_Eritrea a country north of Ethiopia on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Ethiopia in 1993
part: Ethiopia__Federal_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia__Yaltopya__Abyssinia Ethiopia is a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; formerly called Abyssinia
part: Addis_Ababa__New_Flower__capital_of_Ethiopia the capital of Ethiopia and the country's largest city; located in central Ethiopia
part: Somalia a republic in extreme eastern Africa on the Somali Peninsula; subject to tribal warfare
part: Mogadishu__Mogadiscio__capital_of_Somalia the capital and largest city of Somalia; a port on the Indian Ocean
part: Hargeisa a city in northwestern Somalia
part: South_Africa__Republic_of_South_Africa a republic at the southernmost part of Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1910; first European settlers were Dutch (known as Boers)
part: Natal.district__natal a region of eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean
part: Tugela_Falls__Tugela a major waterfall in southern Africa; has more than one leap
part: Pretoria__capital_of_South_Africa__capitalofsouthafrica city in the Transvaal; the seat of the executive branch of the government of South Africa
part: Cape_Town port city in southwestern South Africa; the seat of the legislative branch of the government of South Africa
part: Johannesburg city in the northeastern part of South Africa near Pretoria; commercial center for diamond and gold industries
part: Kimberley city in central South Africa; center for diamond mining and diamond marketing
part: Durban a port city in eastern South Africa on the Indian Ocean; resort and industrial center
part: Transvaal a province of northeast South Africa originally inhabited by Bantu-speaking Africans; colonized by the Boers
part: Witwatersrand__Rand__Reef a rocky region in the southern Transvaal in northeastern South Africa; contains rich gold deposits and coal and manganese
part: Bloemfontein the seat of the supreme court
part: Soweto a large collection of African townships southwest of Johannesburg in South Africa; inhabited solely by Black Africans
part: Kalahari_Desert__Kalahari a desert in southwestern Africa - largely Botswana
part: Limpopo__Crocodile_River an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Orange_River__Orange a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean
part: Sudan__Soudan a region of North Africa south of the Sahara and Libyan deserts; extends from the Atlantic to the Red Sea
part: battle_of_Omdurman__Omdurman a battle (1898) in which an English and Egyptian army under Lord Kitchener defeated the Sudanese
part: Nubian_Desert an arid sandstone plateau between the Nile and the Red Sea
part: Republic_of_the_Sudan__Sudan__Soudan a republic in northeastern Africa on the Red Sea; achieved independence from Egypt and the United Kingdom in 1956
part: Kordofan a mountainous province of central Sudan
part: Khartoum__capital_of_Sudan the capital of Sudan located at the confluence of the Blue Nile and White Nile
part: Nyala city in Sudan
part: Port_Sudan port city in Sudan on the Red Sea
part: Omdurman a city of Sudan; located in the central Sudan on the White Nile opposite Khartoum
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Swaziland__Kingdom_of_Swaziland a landlocked monarchy in southeastern Africa; member of the Commonwealth that achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1968
part: Mbabane__capital_of_Swaziland capital of Swaziland; located in northwestern Swaziland
part: Tanzania__United_Republic_of_Tanzania a republic in eastern Africa
part: Dar_es_Salaam__capital_of_Tanzania the capital and second largest city of Tanzania
part: Tanganyika a former state in East Africa; united with Zanzibar in 1964 to form Tanzania
part: Zanzibar an island in the Indian Ocean off the east coast of Africa; part of the United Republic of Tanzania
part: Tabora a city in central Tanzania
part: Mount_Kilimanjaro__Kilimanjaro the highest peak in Africa; located in northeastern Tanzania; 19,340 feet high
part: Olduvai_Gorge a gorge in northeastern Tanzania where anthropologists have found some of the earliest human remains
part: Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"
part: battle_of_Zama__Zama the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War
part: Tunis__capital_of_Tunisia the capital and principal port of Tunisia
part: Sfax__Safaqis the second largest city in Tunisia; located in eastern Tunisia near a phosphate region
part: Ottoman_Empire__Turkish_Empire an empire created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and that lasted until the end of World War I
part: Uganda__Republic_of_Uganda a landlocked republic in eastern Africa; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1962
part: Buganda a state of Uganda and site of a former Bantu kingdom
part: Kampala__capital_of_Uganda the capital and largest city of Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria
part: Jinja a city in Uganda on the north shore of Lake Victoria
part: Gulu a city in northern Uganda
part: Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: Zambia__Republic_of_Zambia a republic in central Africa; formerly controlled (as part of Northern Rhodesia) by Great Britain until it gained independence within the Commonwealth in 1964
part: Lusaka__capital_of_Zambia the capital and largest city of Zambia
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Zimbabwe__Republic_of_Zimbabwe__Rhodesia__Southern_Rhodesia a landlocked republic in south central Africa formerly called Rhodesia; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1980
part: Harare__Salisbury__capital_of_Zimbabwe the capital and largest city of Zimbabwe
part: Bulawayo industrial city in southwestern Zimbabwe
part: Victoria_Falls__Victoria a waterfall in the Zambezi River on the border between Zimbabwe and Zambia; diminishes seasonally
part: Zambezi_River__Zambezi an African river; flows into the Indian Ocean
part: Sahara_Desert__Sahara the world's largest desert (3,500,000 square miles) in North Africa
part: Libyan_Desert the eastern part of the Sahara Desert
part: Sub-Saharan_Africa__Black_Africa the region of Africa south of the Sahara Desert
part: West_Africa an area of western African between the Sahara Desert and the Gulf of Guinea
part: Lake_Chad__Chad a lake in north central Africa; fed by the Shari river
part: Lake_Tanganyika__Tanganyika the longest lake in the world in central Africa between Tanzania and Congo
part: Lake_Victoria__Victoria_Nyanza the largest lake in Africa and the 2nd largest fresh water lake in the world; a headwaters reservoir for the Nile River
part: Shari_River__Shari__Chari__Chari_River an African river that flows northwest into Lake Chad
part: North_Africa
part: Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956
part: Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"
part: Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
part: Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
part: Australia__Commonwealth_of_Australia a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony
part: Canberra__Australian_capital__capital_of_Australia the capital of Australia; located in southeastern Australia
part: Australian_state one of the states constituting Australia
part: Queensland__QLD a state in northeastern Australia
part: Brisbane capital and largest city of Queensland state; located in the southeastern corner of Queensland on the Pacific; settled by British as a penal colony; 3rd largest city in Australia
part: Gold_Coast
part: Arundel
part: Ashmore
part: Coolangatta
part: Labrador
part: Nerang
part: Parkwood
part: Robina
part: Southport
part: Gold_Coast_campus_of_Griffith_Uni the geographic area
part: Surfers_Paradise
part: Fortitude_Valley
part: New_South_Wales__NSW an Australian state in southeastern Australia
part: Sydney the largest Australian city located in southeastern Australia; state capital of New South Wales; Australia's chief port
part: Sydney_Harbor_Bridge a steel arch bridge in Sydney, Australia
part: Victoria.Australian_state__victoria__VIC a state in southeastern Australia
part: Melbourne the capital of Victoria state and 2nd largest Australian city; a financial and commercial center
part: Tasmania an Australian state on the island of Tasmania
part: Hobart a port and state capital of Tasmania
part: South_Australia__SA a state in south central Australia
part: Adelaide the state capital of South Australia
part: Western_Australia__WA a state containing the western third of Australia
part: Perth the state capital of Western Australia
part: Northern_Territory__NT a territory in north central Australia
part: Darwin provincial capital of the Northern Territory of Australia
part: Namoi_River__Namoi a river in southeastern Australia that flows generally northwest to join the Darling River
part: Eurasia the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia
part: Russia.empire__russia a former empire in eastern Europe and northern Asia; powerful in 17-18th centuries under Peter the Great and Catherine the Great; overthrown by revolution in 1917
part: Muscovy a Russian principality in the 13th to 16th centuries; Moscow was the capital
part: USSR__Soviet_Union__Russia__Union_of_Soviet_Socialist_Republics a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia an others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991
part: February_Revolution__Russian_Revolution the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917
part: Russian_Revolution__October_Revolution the coup d'etat by the Bolsheviks under Lenin in November 1917 that led to a period of civil war which ended in victory for the Bolsheviks in 1922
part: Soviet_Socialist_Republic one of the states that formerly made up the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1922-1991)
part: Soviet_Russia__Russia__Russian_Soviet_Federated_Socialist_Republic formerly the largest Soviet Socialist Republic in the USSR occupying eastern Europe and northern Asia
part: Borodino Napoleon defeated the Russians in a pitched battle at Borodino in 1812, but irreparably weakened his army
part: Caspian_Sea__Caspian a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world
part: Russia__Russian_Federation a federation in northeastern Europe and northern Asia; formerly Soviet Russia; since 1991 an independent state
part: Karelia a region in Finland and Russia between the Gulf of Finland and the White Sea
part: Moscow__capital_of_the_Russian_Federation__Russian_capital a city of central European Russia; formerly capital of both the Soviet Union and Soviet Russia; since 1991 the capital of the Russian Federation
part: Astrakhan a city in southwestern Russia on the delta of the Volga River
part: Cherepovets a city of east central Russia north of Moscow
part: Grozny__Groznyy a city in southwestern Russia; center of extensive oil fields
part: Kaluga a city of central Russia south of Moscow
part: Kursk a city of southwestern Russia
part: Siberia a vast Asian region of Russia; famous for long cold winters
part: Kamchatka_Peninsula a peninsula in eastern Siberia; between Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk
part: Klyuchevskaya an inactive volcano on the Kamchatka Peninsula; last erupted in 1946
part: Taimyr_Peninsula__Taymyr_Peninsula a peninsula in northern Siberia
part: Irtish_River__Irtish__Irtysh__Irtysh_River an Asian river; tributary of the Ob River
part: Lena_River__Lena a Russian river; flows northward into the Arctic Ocean
part: Ob_River__Ob a Russian river; flows northward to the Arctic Ocean
part: Yenisei_River__Yenisei__Yenisey__Yenisey_River a Russian river; flows northward into the Arctic Ocean
part: Nizhnyi_Novgorod__Nizhni_Novgorod__Gorki__Gorky__Gorkiy an industrial city in the European part of Russia; birthplace of Maksim Gorky
part: Kazan an industrial city in the European part of Russia
part: Leningrad__St._Petersburg__Peterburg__Petrograd__Saint_Petersburg a city in the European part of Russia; 2nd largest Russian city; located at the head of the Gulf of Finland; former capital of Russia
part: Murmansk a port city in northwestern Russia on the Kola Peninsula; the largest city north of the Arctic Circle; an important supply line to Russia in World War I and World War II
part: Nalchik a city in southwestern Russia in a valley of the Caucasus Mountains; an industrial center and health resort
part: Novgorod a city in northwestern Russia on the Volkhov River; Russia's oldest city and an important trading center in the Middle Ages
part: Perm__Molotov a city in the European part of Russia
part: Saratov an industrial city in the European part of Russia
part: Smolensk a city in western Russia on the Dnieper River; scene of severe fighting in World War II
part: Ufa__ufa a city in the European part of Russia
part: Volgograd__Stalingrad__Tsaritsyn a city in the European part of Russia on the Volga; site of German defeat in World War II in the winter of 1942-43
part: Novosibirsk a city in the Asian part of Russia on the Ob river; largest city in Siberia
part: Chelyabinsk a city in the Asian part of Russia
part: Omsk a city in the Asian part of Russia
part: Vladivostok a seaport in the Asian part of Russia
part: Novaya_Zemlya__Nova_Zembla two islands in the Arctic Ocean belonging to Russia; site of a test center for nuclear warheads
part: Kola_Peninsula a peninsula in northwestern Russia projecting eastward between the Barents Sea and the White Sea
part: Amur_River__Amur__Heilong_Jiang an Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk
part: Dnieper_River__Dnieper a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea
part: Don_River__Don a European river in southwestern Russia; flows into the Sea of Azov
part: Lake_Ilmen__Ilmen a lake in northwestern Russia; drains through the Volkhov River into Lake Ladoga
part: Lake_Ladoga__Ladoga a lake in northwestern Russia north of St. Petersburg; the largest lake in Europe; drains through the Neva River into the Gulf of Finland
part: Lake_Onega__Onega lake in northwestern Russia near the border with Finland; second largest lake in Europe
part: Neva_River__Neva a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally west into the Gulf of Finland
part: Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan a major mountain range of central Asia; extends 1,500 miles
part: Pobeda_Peak__Pobedy_Peak a mountain peak in the Tien Shan mountains in northern India (24,406 feet high)
part: Urals__Ural_Mountains a mountain range in western Russia extending from the arctic to the Caspian Sea; forms part of the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia
part: Volga_River__Volga a Russian river; the longest river in Europe; flows into the Caspian Sea
part: Volkhov_River__Volkhov a river in northwestern Russia flowing generally north into Lake Ladoga
part: Scythia an ancient area of Eurasia extending from the Black Sea to the Aral Sea that was populated by Scythians from the eighth to the fourth century BC
part: Asia the largest continent with 60% of the earth's population; it is joined to Europe on the west to form Eurasia; it is the site of some of the world's earliest civilizations
part: Asian_country__Asian_nation countries occupying the Asian continent
part: Asia_Minor__Anatolia a peninsula in southwestern Asia that forms the Asian part of Turkey
part: Phrygia an ancient country in west central Asia Minor
part: Pontus an ancient region of northern Asia Minor on the Black Sea; it reached its height under Mithridates VI but was later incorporated into the Roman Empire
part: Aeolis__Aeolia ancient name for the coastal region of northwestern Asia Minor (including Lesbos)
part: Lesbos__Lesvos__Mytilene an island of eastern Greece in the eastern Aegean Sea; in antiquity it was famous for lyric poetry
part: Lycia an ancient region on the coast of southwest Asia Minor
part: Lydia an ancient region on the coast of western Asia Minor; a powerful kingdom until conquered by the Persians in 546 BC
part: Troy__Ilion__Ilium an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War
part: Sakartvelo__Georgia a republic in Asia Minor on the Black Sea separated from Russia by the Caucasus mountains; a provisional military government; formerly an Asian Soviet
part: Tbilisi__Tiflis__capital_of_Georgia the capital and largest city of Georgia on the Kura river
part: Abkhazia__Abkhaz an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea; a strong independence movement has resulted in much instability
part: Adzhar__Adzharia an autonomous province of Georgia on the Black Sea
part: Turkey__Republic_of_Turkey a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923
part: Dardanelles_campaign__Dardanelles the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia; defeated by the Turks
part: Edirne__Adrianople__Adrianopolis a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman emperor Hadrian
part: Abydos an ancient Greek colony on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles; scene of the legend of Hero and Leander
part: Adana__Seyhan a city in southern Turkey on the Seyhan River
part: Ankara__Turkish_capital__capital_of_Turkey the capital of Turkey; located in west-central Turkey; formerly known as Angora and is the home of Angora goats
part: Antalya__Adalia a port city in southwestern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya
part: Antioch__Antakya__Antakiya a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity
part: Dardanelles__Hellespont the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European from Asian Turkey
part: Istanbul__Stambul__Stamboul__Constantinople the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church
part: Bosporus_Bridge a suspension bridge across the Bosporus at Istanbul
part: Bursa__Brusa a city in northwestern Turkey
part: Izmir__Smyrna a port city in western Turkey
part: Aegospotamos__Aegospotami a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War
part: Mount_Ararat__Ararat__Mt._Ararat the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded
part: Aras__Araxes a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
part: Bosporus a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route
part: Euphrates_River__Euphrates a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
part: Seyhan_River__Seyhan a Turkish river flowing south southwest into the Mediterranean
part: Tigris_River__Tigris an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
part: Ionia region of western Asia Minor colonized by Ancient Greeks
part: Afghanistan__Islamic_State_of_Afghanistan a mountainous landlocked country in central Asia; bordered by Iran to the west and Russia to the north and Pakistan to the east and south; "Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan in 1979"
part: Kabul__capital_of_Afghanistan the capital and largest city of Afghanistan; located in eastern Afghanistan
part: Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush a mountain range extending west of the Himalayas
part: Tirich_Mir a mountain in the Hindu Kush in Pakistan (25,230 feet high)
part: Southeast_Asia a geographical division of Asia that includes Indochina plus Indonesia and the Philippines and Singapore
part: Indochina__Indochinese_peninsula a peninsula of southeastern Asia that includes Myanmar and Cambodia and Laos and Malaysia and Thailand and Vietnam
part: Myanmar__Union_of_Burma__Burma a mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal; "much opium is grown in Myanmar"
part: Yangon__Rangoon the capital and largest city of Myanmar; located in the south near the Irrawaddy river delta
part: Mandalay a city in central Myanmar north of Rangoon
part: Mekong_River__Mekong an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
part: Cambodia__Kingdom_of_Cambodia__Kampuchea a nation in Asia; was part of Indochina under French rule until 1946
part: Phnom_Penh__Pnom_Penh__Cambodian_capital the capital and largest city of Kampuchea
part: Mekong_River__Mekong an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
part: French_Indochina the French colonies of Cambodia and Laos and Vietnam were formerly organized as French Indochina
part: Laos__Lao_People's_Democratic_Republic a mountainous landlocked communist state in southeastern Asia; achieved independence from France in 1949
part: Vientiane__Laotian_capital__capital_of_Laos the capital and largest city of Laos
part: Mekong_River__Mekong an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
part: Malaysia__Malaya a constitutional monarchy in southeastern Asia on Borneo and the Malay Peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957
part: East_Malaysia the part of Malaysia that is on the island of Borneo
part: Sabah__North_Borneo a region of Malaysia in northeastern Borneo
part: Sarawak a region of Malaysia on northwestern Borneo
part: West_Malaysia the region of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula
part: Kuala_Lumpur__Malaysian_capital__capital_of_Malaysia the capital and largest city of Malaysia
part: Thailand__Kingdom_of_Thailand__Siam country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the isthmus of Kra to the Malay peninsula; "Thailand is the official name of the former Siam"
part: Bangkok__capital_of_Thailand__Krung_Thep the capital and largest city and chief port of Thailand; a leading city in southeastern Asia; noted for Buddhist architecture
part: Chao_Phraya a river in Thailand formed by the confluence of the Nan and Ping Rivers; flows southward past Bangkok and empties into the Gulf of Thailand
part: Mekong_River__Mekong an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
part: Nan_River__Nan a river of western Thailand flowing southward to join the Ping River to form the Chao Phraya
part: Ping_River__Ping a river in western Thailand; a major tributary of the Chao Phraya
part: Vietnam__Socialist_Republic_of_Vietnam__Viet_Nam__Annam a communist state in Indochina on the South China Sea; achieved independence from France in 1945
part: Dien_Bien_Phu the French military base fell after a 56-day siege by Vietnam troops; ended the involvement of France in Indochina in 1954
part: Vietnam_War a prolonged war (1954-1975) between the communist armies of North Vietnam who were supported by the Chinese and the non-communist armies of South Vietnam supported by the US
part: Hanoi__capital_of_Vietnam the capital city of Vietnam; located in North Vietnam
part: Ho_Chi_Minh_City__Saigon a city in South Vietnam; formerly (as Saigon) it was the capital of French Indochina
part: Haiphong a port city in northern Vietnam; industrial center
part: Indonesia__Republic_of_Indonesia__Dutch_East_Indies a republic in southeastern Asia on an archipelago including more than 13,000 islands; achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1945; the principal oil producer in the Far East and Pacific regions
part: Java an island in Indonesia south of Borneo; one of the world's most densely populated regions
part: Jakarta__Djakarta__capital_of_Indonesia capital and largest city of Indonesia; located on the island of Java; founded by the Dutch in 17th century
part: Bandung a city in Indonesia; located on western Java (southeast of Jakarta); a resort known for its climate
part: Semarang__Samarang a port city is southern Indonesia; located in northern Java
part: Bali an island in Indonesia east of Java; striking volcanic scenery; culture is known for elaborate dances and rituals and for handicrafts
part: Timor an island in Indonesia in the Malay Archipelago; the largest and most eastern of the Lesser Sunda Islands
part: Sumatra a mountainous island in western Indonesia
part: Medan a city in Indonesia; located in northeastern Sumatra
part: Celebes__Sulawesi a mountainous island in eastern Indonesia
part: Moluccas__Spice_Islands a group of island in eastern Indonesia between Celebes and New Guinea; settled by the Portuguese but taken by the Dutch who made them the center for a spice monopoly, at which time they were known as Spice Islands
part: Indonesian_Borneo__Kalimantan the part of Indonesia on the southern side of the island of Borneo
part: Krakatau__Krakatao__Krakatoa a small volcanic island in Indonesia between Java and Sumatra; its violent eruption in 1883 was the greatest in recorded history
part: Republic_of_the_Philippines__Philippines a republic on the Philippine Islands; achieved independence from the United States in 1946
part: Manila_Bay a naval battle in the Spanish-American War (1898); the American fleet under Admiral Dewey defeated the Spanish fleet
part: Manila__capital_of_the_Philippines the capital and largest city of the Philippines; located on southern Luzon
part: Cebu_City__Cebu an important seaport on the Island of Cebu in the Philippines
part: Singapore.island__singapore an island south of the Malay Peninsula
part: China__People's_Republic_of_China__mainland_China__Communist_China__Red_China__PRC a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world
part: Chinese_Revolution the republican revolution against the Manchu dynasty in China; 1911-1912
part: Chino-Japanese_War ware between China and Japan over control of Korea; China was defeated; 1894-1895
part: Manchuria a region in northeastern China
part: Port_Arthur a battle in the Chino-Japanese war (1894); Japanese captured the port and fortifications from the Chinese
part: Beijing__Peking__Peiping__peiping__capital_of_Red_China capital of the People's Republic of China in the Hebei province in northeastern China; 2nd largest Chinese city
part: Forbidden_City a walled section of Beijing that encloses the Imperial Palace that was formerly the residence of the emperor of China
part: Gansu__Kansu a province in north-central China; formerly part of the Silk Road to Turkistan and India and Persia
part: Lanzhou__Lanchou__Lanchow the capital city of the Chinese province of Gansu on the Yellow River
part: Hebei__Hopei__Hopeh a populous province in northeastern China
part: Szechwan__Sichuan__Szechuan a populous province of south central China
part: Yunnan a province of southern China
part: Shanghai the largest city of China; located in the east on the Pacific; one of the largest ports in the world
part: Guangzhou__Canton__Kuangchou__Kwangchow a city on the Zhu Jiang delta in southern China; a major deep-water port
part: Nanchang__Nan-chang a walled city in southeastern China on the Gan Jiang
part: Nanning__Nan-ning an industrial city in southern China
part: Shenyang__Mukden__Moukden__Fengtien a city in northeastern China
part: Tianjin__Tientsin__T'ien-ching a major industrial center in northeastern China on the Grand Canal near the Yellow Sea; 3rd largest city in China
part: Nanjing__Nanking a city in eastern China on the Yangtze River; a former capital of China; the scene of a Japanese massacre in the 1930s
part: Chongqing__Chungking a city in south-central China on the Chang Jiang; a commercial center for western China
part: Xian__Sian__Singan__Changan__Hsian a city of central China; capital of ancient Chinese empire 221-206 BC
part: Luoyang__Loyang a city in east central China; the capital of ancient China during several dynasties
part: Hangzhou__Hangchow a city of eastern China on Hangzhou Bay (an inlet of the East China Sea); regarded by Marco Polo as the finest city in the world
part: Great_Wall_of_China__Great_Wall a wall in northern China built for defensive purposes during the 3rd century BC; 1,500 miles long and averaging 6 meters wide
part: Hong_Kong a British Crown Colony on the coast of southern China; leased by China to Britain in 1842 and returned in 1997; one of the world's leading commercial centers
part: Amur_River__Amur__Heilong_Jiang an Asian river between China and Russia; flows into the Sea of Okhotsk
part: Brahmaputra_River__Brahmaputra an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal
part: Gan_Jiang__Kan_River a river in southeastern China that flows generally north into the Chang Jiang north of Nanchang
part: Huang_He__Hwang_Ho__Yellow_River a major river of Asia in northern China; flows generally eastward into the Yellow Sea; carries large quantities of yellow silt to its delta
part: Kunlun_Mountains__Kunlun__Kuenlun__Kuenlun_Mountains a mountain range in China
part: Muztagh_Ata__Muz_Tagh_Ata a mountain peak in the Kunlun range in China (24,760 feet high)
part: Ulugh_Muztagh__Ulugh_Muz_Tagh a mountain in the Kunlun range in China (25,340 feet high)
part: Mekong_River__Mekong an Asian river; flows through a large delta in southern Vietnam into the South China Sea
part: Nan_Ling a mountain range in southeastern China running generally east to west
part: Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan a major mountain range of central Asia; extends 1,500 miles
part: Chang_Jiang__Chang__Yangtze__Yangtze_River__Yangtze_Kiang the longest river of Asia; flows eastward from Tibet into the East China Sea near Shanghai
part: Zhu_Jiangi__Canton_River__Chu_Kiang a river in southeast China that flows into the South China Sea
part: Turkistan__Turkestan a historical region of central Asia that was a center for trade between the East and the West
part: Canaan__Palestine__Holy_Land__Promised_Land an ancient country is southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism
part: Juda__Judah an ancient kingdom of southern Palestine with Jerusalem as its center
part: Judea__Judaea the southern part of the ancient Palestine succeeding the kingdom of Judah; a Roman province at the time of Christ
part: Philistia an ancient region on the coast of southwestern Palestine that was strategically located on a trade route between Syria and Egypt; important in Biblical times
part: Roman_Empire an empire including the lands in Europe and Africa and Asia that were ruled by ancient Rome
part: Arabian_Peninsula__Arabia a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources
part: Oman__Sultanate_of_Oman__Muscat_and_Oman a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil
part: Muscat__Masqat__capital_of_Oman a port on the Gulf of Oman and capital of the sultanate of Oman
part: Qatar_Peninsula__Qatar__Katar__Katar_Peninsula a peninsula extending northward from the Arabian mainland into the Persian Gulf
part: Qatar__State_of_Qatar__Katar__State_of_Katar an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil
part: Doha__Bida__El_Beda__capital_of_Qatar the capital and chief port of Qatar
part: Saudi_Arabia__Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia a kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy
part: Riyadh__capital_of_Saudi_Arabia joint capital (with Mecca) of Saudi Arabia located in the central oasis; largest city in Saudi Arabia
part: Mecca joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Mohammed it is the holiest city of Islam
part: Medina__Al_Madinah a city in western Saudi Arabia; site of the tomb of Mohammed; the second most holy city of Islam
part: Jiddah__Jidda port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea
part: United_Arab_Emirates a federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves
part: Abu_Dhabi__United_Arab_Emirates's_capital a sheikhdom of eastern Arabia and capital of the United Arab Emirates
part: Dubai port city in the United Arab Emirates on the Persian Gulf
part: Yemen__Republic_of_Yemen a republic on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990 when North Yemen and South Yemen merged
part: Aden chief port of Yemen; located on the Gulf of Aden; its strategic location have made it a major trading center of southern Arabia since ancient times
part: San'a__Sanaa__Sana the capital and largest city of Yemen; on the central plateau
part: Arabian_Desert a desert on the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Asia
part: Bahrain__State_of_Bahrain__Bahrein an island country in the Persian Gulf off the coast of Saudi Arabia; oil revenues funded progressive programs until reserves were exhausted in 1970s
part: Manama__capital_of_Bahrain the capital of Bahrain; located at the northern end of Bahrain Island
part: Bangladesh__People's_Republic_of_Bangladesh__Bangla_Desh__East_Pakistan a Moslem Republic in southern Asia bordered by India to the north and west and east and the Bay of Bengal to the south; formerly part of India and then part of Pakistan; it achieved independence in 1971
part: Dahka__Dacca__capital_of_Bangladesh the capital and largest city of Bangladesh
part: Chittagong a port city and industrial center in southeastern Bangladesh on the Bay of Bengal
part: Brahmaputra_River__Brahmaputra an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal
part: Ganges_River__Ganges an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of Hindu India
part: Bhutan__Kingdom_of_Bhutan a landlocked principality in the Himalayas northeast of India
part: India__Republic_of_India__Bharat a republic in the Asian subcontinent in southern Asia; second most populous country in the world; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947
part: Lucknow the British were besieged during the Indian Mutiny (1857)
part: battle_of_Panipat__Panipat battle in which the ruler of Afghanistan defeated the Mahrattas in 1761
part: battle_of_Plassey__Plassey the victory in 1757 by the British under Clive over Siraj-ud-daula that establish British supremacy over India
part: Assam state in northeastern India
part: Manipur state in northeastern India
part: Hindustan northern region of India where Hinduism predominates
part: Sikkim a geographical area and former kingdom in northeastern India in the Himalaya Mountains between Nepal and Bhutan
part: Kanara__Canara a historical region of southwestern India on the west coast
part: Punjab a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan
part: Delhi__Old_Delhi a city in north-central India
part: New_Delhi__Indian_capital__capital_of_India the capital of India is a division of the old city of Delhi
part: Calcutta the largest city in India and one of the largest cities in the world; located in eastern India; suffers from poverty and overcrowding
part: Bombay__Greater_Bombay a city in western India just off the coast of the Arabian Sea; India's 2nd largest city (after Calcutta); has the only natural deep-water harbor in western India
part: Agra a city in northern India; former capital of the Mogul empire; site of the Taj Mahal
part: Hyderabad a city in south central India in Andhra Pradesh
part: Chennai__Madras a city in Tamil Nadu on the Bay of Bengal; formerly Madras
part: Salem.India__salem a city in southern India
part: Andhra_Pradesh a state of southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal
part: Bihar a state of northeastern India
part: Goa a state of southwestern India; a former Portuguese colony
part: Gujarat__Gujerat an industrialized state in western India that includes parts of Bombay
part: Tamil_Nadu__Madras a state in southeastern India on the Bay of Bengal (south of Andhra Pradesh); formerly Madras
part: Gujerat__Gujarat a region of western India north of Bombay (bordering the Arabian Sea) where Gujarati is spoken
part: Maharashtra a historical area in west-central India
part: Orissa state in eastern India on the Bay of Bengal
part: Nilgiri_Hills hills in southern India
part: Kashmir__Cashmere an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India
part: Karakoram_Range__Karakoram__Karakorum_Range__Mustagh__Mustagh_Range a mountain range in northern Kashmir; an extension of the Hindu Kush; contains the 2nd highest peak
part: Gasherbrum a mountain in northern Kashmir (26,470 feet high)
part: K2'__Godwin_Austen__Mount_Godwin_Austen__Dapsang a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir; the 2nd highest peak in the world (28,250 feet high)
part: Rakaposhi a mountain peak in the Karakoram Range in northern Kashmir (25,560 feet high)
part: Nanga_Parbat a mountain in the Himalayas in Kashmir (26,660 feet high)
part: Brahmaputra_River__Brahmaputra an Asian river; flows into the Bay of Bengal
part: Ganges_River__Ganges an Asian river; rises in the Himalayas and flows east into the Bay of Bengal; a sacred river of Hindu India
part: Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain
part: Annapurna__Anapurna a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,500 feet high)
part: Changtzu a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (24,780 feet high)
part: Dhaulagiri a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,820 feet high)
part: Mount_Everest__Everest__Mt._Everest a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)
part: Gosainthan a mountain in the Himalayas in Tibet (26,290 feet high)
part: Kamet a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,450 feet high)
part: Kanchenjunga__Kanchanjanga__Kinchinjunga a mountain the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and Tibet (28,146 feet high)
part: Lhotse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (27,890 feet high)
part: Makalu a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (27,790 feet high)
part: Nanda_Devi a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,660 feet high)
part: Nanga_Parbat a mountain in the Himalayas in Kashmir (26,660 feet high)
part: Nuptse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (25,726 feet high)
part: Kamet a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,450 feet high)
part: Nanda_Devi a mountain in the Himalayas in northern India (25,660 feet high)
part: Pobeda_Peak__Pobedy_Peak a mountain peak in the Tien Shan mountains in northern India (24,406 feet high)
part: Tien_Shan__Tyan_Shan a major mountain range of central Asia; extends 1,500 miles
part: Nepal__Kingdom_of_Nepal a small Asian country high in the Himalayas between India and Tibet
part: Kathmandu__Katmandu__capital_of_Nepal the capital and largest city of Nepal
part: Annapurna__Anapurna a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,500 feet high)
part: Changtzu a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (24,780 feet high)
part: Dhaulagiri a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (26,820 feet high)
part: Mount_Everest__Everest__Mt._Everest a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)
part: Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain
part: Kanchenjunga__Kanchanjanga__Kinchinjunga a mountain the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and Tibet (28,146 feet high)
part: Lhotse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (27,890 feet high)
part: Makalu a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (27,790 feet high)
part: Nuptse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (25,726 feet high)
part: Tibet__Thibet__Xizang__Sitsang an Asian country under the control of China; located in the Himalayas
part: Lhasa__Lassa__capital_of_Tibet__Forbidden_City the sacred city of Lamaism; known as the Forbidden City for its former inaccessibility and hostility to strangers
part: Changtzu a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (24,780 feet high)
part: Mount_Everest__Everest__Mt._Everest a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal; the highest mountain peak in the world (29,028 feet high)
part: Gosainthan a mountain in the Himalayas in Tibet (26,290 feet high)
part: Himalayas__Himalaya_Mountains__the_Himalaya a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain
part: Kanchenjunga__Kanchanjanga__Kinchinjunga a mountain the Himalayas on the border between Nepal and Tibet (28,146 feet high)
part: Lhotse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (27,890 feet high)
part: Makalu a mountain in the Himalayas in Nepal (27,790 feet high)
part: Nuptse a mountain in the central Himalayas on the border of Tibet and Nepal (25,726 feet high)
part: Iran__Islamic_Republic_of_Iran__Persia a theocratic republic in the Middle East in western Asia; Iran was the core of the ancient Persian Empire and was known as Persia until 1935; rich in oil
part: Teheran__Tehran__capital_of_Iran__Iranian_capital the capital and largest city of Iran; located in northern Iran
part: Abadan a port city in southwestern Iran
part: Mashhad__Meshed the holy city of Shiite Muslims; located in northeastern Iran
part: Isfahan__Esfahan__Aspadana city in central Iran; former capital of Persia
part: Shiraz a city in central southwestern Iran; ruins of ancient Persepolis are nearby
part: Tabriz an ancient city in northwestern Iran; known for hot springs
part: Qum a city in northwestern Iran; a place of pilgrimage for Shiite Muslims
part: Persepolis an ancient city that was the capital of the ancient Persian Empire; now in ruins
part: Demavend an active volcano in northern Iran
part: Caspian_Sea__Caspian a large saltwater lake between Iran and Russia fed by the Volga River; the largest inland body of water in the world
part: Persia__Persian_Empire an empire in South Asia created by Cyrus the Great in the 6th century BC and destroyed by Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC
part: Iraq__Republic_of_Iraq__Al-Iraq__Irak a republic in the Middle East in western Asia; the ancient civilization of Mesopotamia was in the area now known as Iraq
part: Baghdad__Bagdad__capital_of_Iraq capital and largest city of Iraq; located on the Tigris River; "Baghdad is one of the great cities of the Moslem world"
part: Basra__Basia an oil port in southern Iraq
part: Mosul a city in northern Iraq on the River Tigris across from the ruins of Nineveh
part: Mesopotamia the land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq
part: Babylon the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capitol of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia
part: Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon terraced garden at Babylon watered by pumps from the Euphrates; construction attributed to Nebuchadnezzar around 600 BC; one of the seven wonders of the ancient world
part: Tower_of_Babel__Babel (Genesis 11:1-11) a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another
part: Babylonia an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where the Prophet Daniel became a counselor to the king)
part: battle_of_Cunaxa__Cunaxa battle in 401 BC when the Persian King Artaxerxes II defeated his younger brother who tried to usurp the throne
part: Sumer an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC
part: Ur an ancient city of Sumer located on a former channel of the Euphrates River
part: Assyria an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq
part: Assur__Asur__Ashur an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria; just south of the modern city of Mosul in Iraq
part: Nineveh an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris across from the modern city of Mosul in the northern part of what is now known a Iraq
part: Babylonia an ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia; Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where the Prophet Daniel became a counselor to the king)
part: Sumer an area in the southern region of Babylonia in present-day Iraq; site of the Sumerian civilization of city-states that flowered during the third millennium BC
part: Assyria an ancient kingdom in northern Mesopotamia which is in present-day Iraq
part: Assur__Asur__Ashur an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris and traditional capital of Assyria; just south of the modern city of Mosul in Iraq
part: Nineveh an ancient Assyrian city on the River Tigris across from the modern city of Mosul in the northern part of what is now known a Iraq
part: Euphrates_River__Euphrates a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
part: Tigris_River__Tigris an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
part: Japan__Nippon__Nihon a constitutional monarchy occupying the Japanese Archipelago; a world leader in electronics and automobile manufacture and ship building
part: Kammon_Strait_Bridge a suspension bridge between Kyushu and Honshu
part: Ryukyu_Islands a chain of 55 islands in the western Pacific southwest of Japan (returned by United States to Japan in 1972)
part: Okinawa the largest island of the central Ryukyu Islands
part: Okinawa_campaign__Okinawa a campaign in the closing days of World War II in the Pacific (April to June 1945); in savage close-quarter fighting US marines and regular army troops took the island from the Japanese; considered the greatest victory of the Pacific campaign for the Americans
part: Naha_City the chief city in the Ryukyu Islands
part: Fuji-san__Fuji__Fujiyama an extinct volcano in south central Honshu; last erupted in 1707; famous for its symmetrical snow-capped peak
part: Jordan__Hashemite_Kingdom_of_Jordan an Arab kingdom in southwestern Asia on the Red Sea
part: Jordan_River__Jordan a river in Palestine that empties into the Dead Sea; John the Baptist baptized Jesus in the Jordan
part: Amman__capital_of_Jordan the capital and largest city of Jordan
part: Aqaba__Akaba Jordan's port; located in southwestern Jordan on the Gulf of Aqaba
part: Jericho a village in Jordan near the north end of the Dead Sea; in the Old Testament it was the first place taken by the Israelites under Joshua as the entered the Promised Land
part: Zarqa__Az_Zarqa city in northwestern Jordan
part: Dead_Sea a saltwater lake on the border between Israel and Jordan; its surface in 1292 feet below sea level
part: Kuwait__State_of_Kuwait__Koweit an Arab kingdom in Asia on the northwestern coast of the Persian Gulf; a major source of petroleum
part: Kuwait_City__capital_of_Kuwait__Kuwait__Koweit a seaport on the Persian Gulf and capital of Kuwait
part: Korea__Korean_Peninsula__Choson an Asian peninsula (off Manchuria) separating the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan; the Korean name is Choson
part: Chino-Japanese_War ware between China and Japan over control of Korea; China was defeated; 1894-1895
part: Korean_War a war between North and South Korea; South Korea was aided by the United States and other members of the United Nations; 1950-1953
part: Inchon a battle in the Korean War (1950); US forces landed at Inchon
part: Yalu_River a battle in the Korean War (November 1950); when UN troops advanced north to the Yalu River 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the river and drove them back
part: North_Korea__Democratic_People's_Republic_of_Korea a communist country in the northern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948
part: Yalu_River a battle in the Korean War (November 1950); when UN troops advanced north to the Yalu River 200,000 Chinese troops crossed the river and drove them back
part: Pyongyang__capital_of_North_Korea capital of North Korea and an industrial center; "Pyongyang is Korea's oldest city but little of its history has been preserved"
part: Yalu__Yalu_River river in eastern Asia; rises in North Korea and flows southwest to Korea Bay (forming part of the border between North Korea and China)
part: South_Korea__Republic_of_Korea a republic in the southern half of the Korean Peninsula; established in 1948
part: Inchon a battle in the Korean War (1950); US forces landed at Inchon
part: Seoul__capital_of_South_Korea the capital and largest city of South Korea; located in northwestern South Korea
part: Incheon__Inchon__Chemulpo a port city in western South Korea on the Yellow Sea
part: Kwangju city in southwestern South Korea; an important military base during the Korean War
part: Taegu__Tegu a city in southeastern South Korea
part: Pusan a city in southeastern South Korea on the Korean Strait; the chief port and second largest city
part: Lebanon__Lebanese_Republic an Asian republic at east end of Mediterranean
part: Beirut__capital_of_Lebanon capital and largest city of Lebanon; located in western Lebanon on the Mediterranean
part: Tarabulus__Tripoli a port in northern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea
part: Saida__Sidon the main city of ancient Phoenicia
part: Sur__Tyre a port in southern Lebanon on the Mediterranean Sea; formerly a major Phoenician seaport famous for silks
part: Malay_Peninsula a peninsula in southeastern Asia occupied by parts of Malaysia and Thailand and Myanmar
part: Myanmar__Union_of_Burma__Burma a mountainous republic in southeastern Asia on the Bay of Bengal; "much opium is grown in Myanmar"
part: West_Malaysia the region of Malaysia on the Malay Peninsula
part: Thailand__Kingdom_of_Thailand__Siam country of southeastern Asia that extends southward along the isthmus of Kra to the Malay peninsula; "Thailand is the official name of the former Siam"
part: Mongolia a vast region in Asia including the Mongolian People's Republic and China's Inner Mongolia
part: Outer_Mongolia__Mongolia__Mongolian_People's_Republic a landlocked socialist republic in central Asia
part: Ulan_Bator__Ulaanbaatar__Urga__Kulun__capital_of_Mongolia the capital and largest city of Mongolia
part: Gobi_Desert__Gobi a desert in central Asia
part: Pakistan__Islamic_Republic_of_Pakistan__West_Pakistan a Moslem republic in southern Asia; formerly part of India; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1947
part: Punjab a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan
part: Kashmir__Cashmere an area in southwestern Asia whose sovereignty is disputed between Pakistan and India
part: Islamabad__capital_of_Pakistan the capital of Pakistan in the north on a plateau; the site was chosen in 1959
part: Karachi the largest city in Pakistan; located in southeastern Pakistan; an industrial center and seaport on the Arabian Sea; former capital of Pakistan
part: Lahore city in northeast Pakistan
part: Faisalabad__Lyallpur city in northeast Pakistan
part: Hindu_Kush_Mountains__Hindu_Kush a mountain range extending west of the Himalayas
part: Indus_River__Indus an Asian river; flows into the Arabian Sea
part: Tirich_Mir a mountain in the Hindu Kush in Pakistan (25,230 feet high)
part: Parthia an ancient country in Asia on the Caspian Sea; dominated southwestern Asia from about 100 BC to 200 AD
part: Armenia__Republic_of_Armenia__Hayastan a republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet; throughout 2500 years the Armenian people have been invaded and oppressed by their neighbors
part: Yerevan__Jerevan__Erivan__capital_of_Armenia capital of Armenia
part: Aras__Araxes a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
part: Azerbaijan__Azerbaijani_Republic__Azerbajdzhan__Azerbajdzhan_Republic a landlocked republic in southwestern Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet
part: Baku__capital_of_Azerbaijan a port city on the Caspian Sea that is the capital of Azerbaijan and an important center for oil production
part: Kazakhstan__Republic_of_Kazakhstan__Kazakstan__Kazakh__Kazak a landlocked republic south of Russia and northeast of the Caspian Sea; the original Turkic-speaking inhabitants were overrun by Mongols in the 13th century; an Asian Soviet from 1936 to 1991
part: Almaty__Alma-Ata the largest city in Kazakhstan and the capital until 1998
part: Kyrgystan__Kyrgyz_Republic__Kirghizia__Kirgizia__Kirghiz__Kirgiz__Kirghizstan__Kirgizstan a landlocked republic in west central Asia bordering on northwestern China; formerly an Asian Soviet
part: Bishkek__Biskek__Frunze__capital_of_Kyrgystan the capital of Kyrgystan (known as Frunze 1926-1991)
part: Tajikistan__Republic_of_Tajikistan__Tadzhikistan__Tadzhik__Tadjik__Tajik a landlocked mountainous republic in southeast central Asia north of Afghanistan; formerly an Asian Soviet
part: Dushanbe__Dusanbe__Dyushambe__Stalinabad__capital_of_Tajikistan the capital of Tajikistan; formerly Stalinabad 1926-1991
part: Turkmenistan__Turkomen__Turkmen__Turkmenia a republic in Asia east of the Caspian Sea and south of Kazakhstan and north of Iran; an Asian Soviet from 1925 to 1991
part: Ashkhabad__capital_of_Turkmenistan the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan
part: Uzbekistan__Republic_of_Uzbekistan__Uzbek a landlocked republic in west central Asia; formerly an Asian Soviet
part: Tashkent__Taskent__capital_of_Uzbek the capital of Uzbekistan
part: Samarkand__Samarcand city in southern Uzbekistan; Tamerlane's opulent capital in the 14th century
part: Syria__Syrian_Arab_Republic an Asian republic in the Middle East at the east end of the Mediterranean; site of some of the world's most ancient centers of civilization
part: Damascus__capital_of_Syria an ancient city (widely regarded as the world's oldest) and present capital and largest city of Syria; according to the New Testament, the Apostle Paul (then known as Saul) underwent a dramatic conversion on the road to Damascus
part: Aleppo__Alep a city in northwestern Syria
part: Euphrates_River__Euphrates a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
part: Tigris_River__Tigris an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
part: Ottoman_Empire__Turkish_Empire an empire created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and that lasted until the end of World War I
part: Kura_River__Kura a river in western Asia; rises in northeast Turkey and flows to the Caspian Sea
part: Europe the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use `Europe' to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles
part: European_country__European_nation countries occupying the European continent
part: European_mainland__Continent the European mainland; "Englishmen like to visit the Continent but they wouldn't like to live there"
part: Scandinavian_country__Scandinavian_nation countries occupying Scandinavia
part: Balkan_Peninsula__Balkans a large peninsula in southeastern Europe containing the Balkan Mountain Range
part: Balkan_Wars wars between Turkey and Balkan countries (Greece and Serbia and Bulgaria) and later between Turkey and Montenegro; 1912-1914
part: battle_of_Lule_Burgas__Lule_Burgas the principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks
part: Balkan_country__Balkan_nation__Balkans__Balkan_state a country on the Balkan Peninsula
part: Albania__Republic_of_Albania a republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula
part: Tirana__Albanian_capital the capital and largest city of Albania in the center of the country
part: Durres__Durazzo port city in western Albania on the Adriatic
part: Epirus an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwest Greece and southern Albania
part: Croatia__Republic_of_Croatia__Hrvatska a republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Hapsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991
part: Dubrovnik__Ragusa a port city in southwestern Croatia on the Adriatic; a popular tourist center
part: Split an old Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea
part: Zagreb the capital of Croatia
part: Macedon__Macedonia__Makedonija the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria
part: battle_of_Pydna__Pydna a major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom
part: Thrace a region and ancient country in the east of the Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea; colonized by ancient Greeks; later a Roman province; now divided between Greece and Turkey
part: battle_of_Lule_Burgas__Lule_Burgas the principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks
part: Macedonia landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991
part: battle_of_Philippi__Philippi Octavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC
part: Skopje__Skoplje__Uskub capital of modern Macedonia
part: Turkey__Republic_of_Turkey a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923
part: Balkans__Balkan_Mountains__Balkan_Mountain_Range the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula
part: Bulgaria__Republic_of_Bulgaria a republic in the eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula in southeastern Europe
part: Plevna__Pleven the town was taken from the Turks by the Russians in 1877 after a siege of 143 days
part: Sofia__Serdica__Bulgarian_capital capital and largest city of Bulgaria located in western Bulgaria
part: Plovdiv__Philippopolis an ancient city in southern Bulgaria; commercial center of an agricultural region
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Czech_Republic a landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from Slovakia in 1993
part: Prague__Praha__Prag__Czech_capital capital and largest city of the Czech Republic
part: Austerlitz a town in the Czech Republic; site of the Battle of Austerlitz in 1805
part: Bohemian a native or inhabitant of Bohemia in the Czech Republic
part: Czechoslovakia a former republic in central Europe; divided into Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Slovakia__Slovak_Republic a landlocked republic in central Europe; separated from the Czech Republic in 1993
part: Bratislava__capital_of_Slovakia__Pressburg__Pozsony capital and largest city of Slovakia
part: northern_Europe the northernmost countries of Europe
part: Scandinavia a group of culturally related countries in northern Europe; Finland and Iceland are sometimes considered Scandinavian
part: Scandinavian_Peninsula__Scandinavia the peninsula in northern Europe occupied by Norway and Sweden
part: Germany__Federal_Republic_of_Germany__Deutschland__FRG a republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990
part: Blenheim the British Duke of Marlborough and the Austrian Prince Eugene of Savoy defeated the French in 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession
part: battle_of_Jena__Jena the battle in 1806 in which Napoleon decisively defeated the Prussians
part: battle_of_Lutzen__Lutzen a battle in the Thirty Years' War (1632); Swedes under King Gustavus Adolphus defeated the Imperialists under Wallenstein; Gustavus was killed
part: battle_of_Minden__Minden a battle in the Seven Years' War (1759) in which the English forces and their allies defeated the French
part: battle_of_Rossbach__Rossbach a battle in the Seven Years' War (1757); Prussian forces under Frederick the Great defeated the armies of France and Austria
part: battle_of_Teutoburger_Wald__Teutoburger_Wald a battle in 9 AD in which the Germans under Arminius annihilated three Roman legions
part: Dachau a concentration camp created by the Nazis near Munich in southern Germany
part: Rhineland__Rheinland a picturesque region of Germany around the Rhine river
part: Lower_Saxony a state in northwestern Germany
part: Aachen__Aix-la-Chapelle a city in western Germany near the Dutch and Belgian borders; formerly it was Charlemagne's northern capital
part: Berlin__German_capital capital of Germany located in eastern Germany
part: West_Berlin the part of Berlin under United States and British and French control until 1989
part: Dresden a city in southeastern Germany on the Elbe River; it was almost totally destroyed by British air raids in 1945
part: Leipzig a city in southeastern Germany famous for fairs; formerly a music and publishing center
part: Solingen a city in west central Germany noted for cutlery
part: Weimar a German city near Leipzig; scene of the adoption in 1919 of the constitution of the Weimar Republic that lasted until 1933
part: Bavaria a state in southwestern Germany famous for its beer; site of automobile factory
part: Bonn a city in western Germany on the Rhine River; was the capital of West Germany between 1949 and 1989
part: Cologne__Koln a commercial center and river port in western Germany on the Rhine River; flourished during the 15th century as a member of the Hanseatic League
part: Braunschweig__Brunswick a city in central Germany
part: Dusseldorf an industrial city in western Germany on the Rhine
part: Essen a city in western Germany; industrial center of the Ruhr
part: Frankfurt_on_the_Main__Frankfurt__Frankfort a German city; an industrial and commercial and financial center
part: Halle-an-der-Saale__Halle a city in the Saxony region of Germany on the Saale River; a member of the Hanseatic League during the 13th and 14th centuries
part: Hamburg a city in northern Germany on the Elbe River
part: Hannover__Hanover a port city in northwestern Germany
part: Lubeck a city in northwestern Germany and an important Baltic port; a leading member of the Hanseatic League
part: Mannheim a city in southwestern Germany at the confluence of the Rhine and Neckar rivers
part: Munich__Muenchen the capital and largest city of Bavaria in southeastern Germany
part: Nuremberg__Nurnberg a city in southeastern Germany; site of Allied trials of Nazi war criminals (1945-46)
part: Rostock a city in northeastern Germany near the Baltic sea; an important member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century
part: Stuttgart a city in southwestern Germany famous for innovative architecture
part: Wurzburg__Wuerzburg a city of south central Germany
part: Palatinate__Pfalz a territory in southwestern Germany formerly ruled by the counts palatine
part: Prussia__Preussen a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland; "in the 19th century Prussia led the economic and political unification of the German states"
part: Brandenburg the territory of an Elector of the Holy Roman Empire that expanded to become the kingdom of Prussia in 1701
part: Ruhr_Valley__Ruhr a major industrial and coal mining region in the valley of the Ruhr river in northwestern Germany
part: Thuringia a historical region of southern Germany
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Neckar_River__Neckar a river in Germany; rises in the Black Forest and flows north into the Rhine
part: Oder_River__Oder a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea
part: Rhine_River__Rhine__Rhein a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
part: Ruhr_River__Ruhr a tributary of the Rhine
part: Saale_River__Saale a river that rises in central Germany and flows north to join the Elbe River
part: Darmstadt
part: Finland__Republic_of_Finland__Suomi republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917
part: Karelia a region in Finland and Russia between the Gulf of Finland and the White Sea
part: Helsinki__Helsingfors__capital_of_Finland__Finnish_capital the capital and largest city of Finland; located in southern Finland; a major port and commercial and cultural center
part: Espoo a city in southern Finland
part: Tampere__Tammerfors an industrial city in south central Finland
part: Aland_islands__Aaland_islands__Ahvenanmaa an archipelago of some 6,000 islands in the Gulf of Bothnia under Finnish control
part: Mariehamn__Maarianhamina a town that is the chief port of the Aland islands
part: Greece__Hellenic_Republic__Ellas town a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil
part: Chaeronea a battle in which Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenians and Thebans (338 BC) and also Sulla defeated Mithridates (86 BC)
part: battle_of_Lepanto__Lepanto Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope
part: battle_of_Leuctra__Leuctra Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece
part: Mantinea__Mantineia the site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC
part: battle_of_Marathon__Marathon a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians
part: battle_of_Navarino__Navarino a naval battle in the War of Greek Independence (1827); the Turkish and Egyptian fleet was defeated by the allied fleet
part: battle_of_Pharsalus__Pharsalus Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC
part: battle_of_Thermopylae__Thermopylae a famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
part: Aigina__Aegina an island in the Aegean Sea in the Saronic Gulf
part: Chios__Khios an island in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey; belongs to Greece
part: Cyclades__Kikladhes a group of over 200 islands in the southern Aegean
part: Dodecanese__Dhodhekanisos a group of islands in the southeast Aegean Sea
part: Rhodes__Rodhos a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos
part: Lesbos__Lesvos__Mytilene an island of eastern Greece in the eastern Aegean Sea; in antiquity it was famous for lyric poetry
part: Rhodes__Rodhos a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos
part: Crete__Kriti the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC
part: Ithaki__Ithaca a Greek island west of Greece; in Homeric legend Odysseus was its king
part: Mount_Athos__Athos an autonomous area in northeastern Greece that is the site of several Greek Orthodox monasteries founded in the tenth century
part: Athens__Athinai__capital_of_Greece__Greek_capital the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess); "in the 5th century BC ancient Athens was the world's most powerful and civilized city"
part: Dipylon_gate__Dipylon a gateway on the west of ancient Athens near which a distinctive style of pottery has been found
part: Actium an ancient town on a promontory in western Greece
part: Attica the territory of Athens in ancient Greece
part: Corinth__Korinthos the modern Greek port near the site of the ancient city that was second only to Athens
part: Argos an ancient city in southeastern Greece; dominated the Peloponnese in the 7th century BC
part: Delphi an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus; site of the Temple of Apollo
part: Temple_of_Apollo__Oracle_of_Apollo__Delphic_oracle__oracle_of_Delphi (Greek mythology) the oracle at Delphi where a priestess supposedly delivered messages from Apollo to those who sought advice; the messages were usually obscure or ambiguous
part: Mycenae an ancient city is southern Greece; center of the Mycenaean civilization
part: Epirus an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwest Greece and southern Albania
part: Laconia an ancient region of southern Greece in the southeastern Peloponnesus; dominated by Sparta
part: Boeotia a district of ancient Greece northwest of Athens
part: Thebes an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
part: Thessaloniki__Salonika__Salonica__Thessalonica a port city in northeastern Greece on an inlet of the Aegean Sea; second largest city of Greece
part: Thessalia__Thessaly a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece
part: Arcadia a department of Greece in the central Peloponnese
part: Peloponnese__Peloponnesus__Peloponnesian_Peninsula the southern peninsula of Greece; dominated by Sparta until the 4th century BC
part: Sparta an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BC
part: Olympia a plain in Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese; site of the original Olympian Games
part: Lemnos__Limnos a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea; famous for a reddish-brown clay that has medicinal properties
part: Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos a mountain in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)
part: Mount_Parnassus__Parnassus__Liakoura a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry; "Liakoura is the modern name of Mount Parnassus"
part: Saronic_Gulf__Gulf_of_Aegina a gulf of the Aegean on the southeastern coast of Greece
part: Roman_Empire an empire including the lands in Europe and Africa and Asia that were ruled by ancient Rome
part: Italy__Italian_Republic__Italia a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
part: Cannae ancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC
part: battle_of_Caporetto__Caporetto battle of World War I (1917); Italians were defeated by the Austrian and German forces
part: Battle_of_Lake_Trasimenus__Lake_Trasimenus a battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius
part: battle_of_Magenta__Magenta a battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I
part: Marengo a battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians
part: Metaurus_River a battle during the second of the Punic Wars (207 BC); Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal was defeated by the Romans which ended Hannibal's hopes for success in Italy
part: battle_of_Ravenna__Ravenna a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512
part: Salerno a battle in World War II; the port was captured by US troops in September 1943
part: battle_of_Solferino__Solferino an indecisive battle in 1859 between the French and Sardinians under Emperor Napoleon III and the Austrians under Emperor Francis Joseph I
part: battle_of_Trasimeno__Trasimeno a battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC
part: Appian_Way an ancient Roman road in Italy extending south from Rome to Brindisi; begun in 312 BC
part: Flaminian_Way an ancient Roman road in Italy built by Gaius Flaminius in 220 BC; extends north from Rome to Cisalpine Gaul
part: Italian_Peninsula a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea
part: San_Marino__Republic_of_San_Marino the smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy
part: San_Marino.capital__sanmarino__capital_of_San_Marino the capital and only city of San Marino
part: Pompeii ancient city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius
part: Herculaneum ancient city; now destroyed
part: Abruzzi_e_Molise__Abruzzi a mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic
part: Aquila_degli_Abruzzi__Aquila__L'Aquila the provincial capital of the Abruzzi region in central Italy
part: Basilicata__Lucania a region of southern Italy (forming the instep of the Italian `boot')
part: Calabria a region of southern Italy (forming the toe of the Italian `boot')
part: Campania a region of southwestern Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea including the islands of Capri and Ischia
part: Naples__Napoli a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region
part: Capri an island (part of Campania) in the Bay of Naples in southern Italy; a tourist attraction noted for beautiful scenery
part: Ischia a volcanic island (part of Campania) in the Tyrrhenian Sea at the north end of the Bay of Naples
part: Emilia-Romagna a region of north central Italy on the Adriatic
part: Bologna the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy east of the Apennines
part: Friuli-Venezia_Giulia a region in northeastern Italy
part: Latium__Lazio an ancient region of west central Italy (southeast of Rome) on the Tyrrhenian Sea
part: Roma__Rome__Eternal_City__Italian_capital__capital_of_Italy capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
part: Colosseum amphitheater in Rome built about AD 75 or 80
part: Palatine the most important of the Seven Hills of ancient Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces
part: Holy_See__The_Holy_See__State_of_the_Vatican_City the smallest sovereign state in the world; the see of the Pope (as the Bishop of Rome); home of the Pope and the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church; achieved independence from Italy in 1929
part: Vatican_City__Citta_del_Vaticano the capital of the State of the Vatican City
part: Vatican_Palace__Vatican the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City
part: Brindisi a port city in southeastern Apulia in Italy; a center for the Crusades in the Middle Ages
part: Tivoli__Tibur a town twenty miles east of Rome (Tibur is the ancient name); a summer resort during the Roman empire; noted for its waterfalls
part: Liguria region of northwestern Italy on the Ligurian Sea
part: Genoa__Genova a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria
part: La_Spezia a port city in Liguria on an arm of the Ligurian Sea; a major seaport and year-round resort
part: Lombardy__Lombardia a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland
part: Cremona a city in Lombardy on the Po River; noted for the manufacture of fine violins in the 16th-18th centuries
part: Milan__Milano the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages
part: Marche__Marches a region in central Italy
part: Molise a region of south central Italy
part: Piemonte__Piedmont the region of northwestern Italy; includes the Po valley
part: Turin__Torino capital city of the Piemonte region of northwestern Italy
part: Puglia__Apulia a region in southeastern Italy on the Adriatic
part: Bari capital city of the Apulia region on the Adriatic coast
part: Sardegna__Sardinia the Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century
part: Sicily__Sicilia the Italian region on the island of Sicily
part: Egadi_Islands__Aegadean_Isles__Aegadean_Islands__Isole_Egadi__Aegates a group of islands off the west coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean
part: Messina a port city in northeastern Sicily on the Strait of Messina
part: Siracusa__Syracuse a city in southeastern Sicily that was founded by Corinthians in the 8th century BC
part: Palermo the capital of Sicily; located in northwestern Sicily; an important port for 3000 years
part: Agrigento__Acragas__Girgenti a town in Italy in southwestern Sicily near the coast; the site of six Greek temples
part: Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna an inactive volcano in Sicily; last erupted in 1961; the highest volcano in Europe (10,500 feet)
part: Tuscany__Toscana a region in central Italy
part: Pisa a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower
part: Firenze__Florence a city in central Italy on the Arno River; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries
part: Trentino-Alto_Adige a region of northeastern Italy
part: Umbria a mountainous region in central Italy
part: Valle_D'Aosta a region in northwestern Italy
part: Veneto__Venezia-Euganea__Venetia a region of northeastern Italy on the Adriatic
part: Padua__Padova__Patavium a city in Veneto
part: Venice__Venezia the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice which is an arm of the Adriatic; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction
part: Verona a city in Veneto on the River Adige
part: Etruria an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC
part: Riviera a coastal area between La Spezia in Italy and Cannes in France; "the Riviera contains some of Europe's most popular resorts"
part: French_Riviera__Cote_d'Azur the French part of the Riviera
part: Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; erupted in 79 AD and buried Pompeii; last erupted in 1944
part: River_Adige__Adige a river in northern Italy that flows southeast into the Adriatic Sea; "Verona is on the Adige"
part: the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
part: Matterhorn a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape
part: Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: Weisshorn a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland (14,804 feet high)
part: Apennines a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula
part: Caudine_Forks a battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans
part: River_Arno__Arno a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea
part: Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
part: Matterhorn a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape
part: Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: Po_River__Po a European river; flows into the Adriatic Sea
part: Romania__Roumania__Rumania a Balkan republic in southeastern Europe
part: Bucharest__Bucharesti__Bucuresti__capital_of_Romania capital and largest city of Romania in southeastern Romania
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Austria-Hungary a geographical area in central and eastern Europe; broken into separate countries at the end of World War I
part: Austria__Republic_of_Austria__Oesterreich a mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Hapsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century
part: Tyrol__Tirol a picturesque mountainous province of western Austria
part: Vienna__Austrian_capital__capital_of_Austria the capital and largest city of Austria; located on the Danube in northeastern Austria; was the home of Beethoven and Brahms and Haydn and Mozart and Schubert and Strauss
part: Graz an industrial city is southeastern Austria
part: Linz__Lentia city in northern Austria on the Danube; noted as a cultural center
part: Salzburg city in western Austria; a music center and birthplace of Mozart
part: Innsbruck city in southwestern Austria; known as a summer and winter resort
part: the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Flanders a medieval country in northern Europe that included regions now parts of northern France and Belgium and southwestern Netherlands
part: Belgium__Kingdom_of_Belgium__Belgique a monarchy in northwestern Europe; headquarters for the European Common Market and for the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
part: Bouvines in 1214 the French under King Philip Augustus defeated a coalition formed against him in one of the greatest battles of the middle ages
part: battle_of_Fontenoy__Fontenoy a battle in 1745 in which the French army under Marshal Saxe defeated the English army and their allies under the duke of Cumberland
part: battle_of_Waterloo__Waterloo the battle on 18 June 1815 in which Napoleon met his final defeat; Prussian and British forces under Blucher and the Duke of Wellington routed the French forces under Napoleon
part: first_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres battle in World War I (1914); heavy but indecisive fighting as the Allies and the Germans both tried to break through the lines of the others
part: second_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres battle in World War I (1915); Germans wanted to try chlorine (a toxic yellow gas) as a weapon and succeeded in taking considerable territory from the Allied salient
part: third_battle_of_Ypres__Ypres__battle_of_Ypres battle in World War I (1917); an Allied offensive which eventually failed because tanks bogged down in the waterlogged soil of Flanders; Germans introduced mustard gas which interfered with the Allied artillery
part: Bruxelles__Brussels__Belgian_capital__capital_of_Belgium the capital and largest city of Belgium; seat of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
part: Antwerpen__Antwerp__Anvers a port in northern Belgium on the Scheldt river
part: Bruges__City_of_Bridges a city in northwestern Belgium in West Flanders province; connected by canal to the North Sea; the old city is a popular tourist attraction
part: Charleroi city in southwestern Belgium; center of an industrial region
part: Gent__Gand__Ghent port city in northwestern Belgium and industrial center; famous for cloth industry
part: Liege__Luik city in eastern Belgium; largest French-speaking city in Belgium
part: Namur a city in south central Belgium situated on a promontory between the Meuse River and the Sambre River; the site of intense fighting in World War I and World War II
part: Meuse_River__Meuse a European river; flows into the North Sea
part: Sambre_River__Sambre a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Neuse at Namur
part: Scheldt_River__Scheldt__scheldt a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea
part: England a division of the United Kingdom
part: Cotswolds__Cotswold_Hills a range of low hills in southwestern England
part: Lancaster a city in northwestern England
part: Lake_District__Lakeland a popular tourist area in northwestern England including England's largest lake and highest mountain
part: London__Greater_London__British_capital__capital_of_the_United_Kingdom the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center
part: Big_Ben clock in the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, London
part: Old_Bailey the Central Criminal Court in London
part: Fleet_Street.street__fleetstreet a street in central London where newspaper offices are situated
part: Harley_Street a street in central London where the consulting rooms of many physicians and surgeons are located
part: Lombard_Street a street in central London containing many of the major London banks
part: Greenwich a borough of Greater London on the Thames; zero degrees of longitude runs through Greenwich; time is measured relative to Greenwich Mean Time
part: Bloomsbury a city district of central London laid out in garden squares
part: Soho a city district of central London now noted for restaurants and nightclubs
part: Wembley a southeastern part of Greater London that is the site of the English national soccer stadium
part: West_End the part of west central London containing the main entertainment and shopping areas
part: Strand a street in west central London famous for its theaters and hotels
part: Westminster__City_of_Westminster a borough of Greater London on the Thames; contains Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament and Westminster Abbey
part: Buckingham_Palace the London residence of the British sovereign
part: Downing_Street.street__downingstreet a street of Westminster in London; "the Prime Minister lives at No. 10 Downing Street"
part: Houses_of_Parliament the building in which the House of Commons and the House of Lords meet
part: Westminster_Abbey a famous Gothic church in London on the site of a former Benedictine monastery; "Westminster Abbey is the scene of the coronations of almost all English monarchs"; "Distinguished English subjects are buried in Westminster Abbey"
part: Pall_Mall a fashionable street in London noted for its many private clubs
part: Wimbledon a suburb of London and the headquarters of the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts
part: Manchester a city in northwestern England (30 miles east of Liverpool); heart of the most densely populated area of England
part: Hull__Kingston-upon_Hull a large fishing port in northeastern England
part: Humber_Bridge a suspension bridge at Hull England; 4,626 feet long
part: Liverpool a large city in northwestern England; its port is the country's major outlet for industrial exports
part: Birmingham a city in central England; 2nd largest English city and an important industrial and transportation center
part: Oxford.England__oxford a city in southern England northwest of London; site of Oxford University
part: Oxford_University__Oxford a university in England
part: Cambridge a city in eastern England on the River Cam; site of Cambridge University
part: Cambridge_University__Cambridge a university in England
part: Blackpool a resort town in Lancashire in northwestern England on the Irish Sea; famous for its tower
part: Brighton a city in East Sussex in southern England that is a popular resort; site of the University of Sussex
part: Bristol an industrial city and port in southwestern England near the mouth of the River Avon
part: Leicester an industrial city on the River Soar in Leicestershire in central England; built on the site of a Roman settlement
part: Newcastle-upon-Tyne__Newcastle a port in northeastern England on the River Tyne; a center for coal exports (giving rise to the expression "carry coals to Newcastle" meaning to do something unnecessary)
part: Pompey__Portsmouth a port city in southern England on the English Channel; Britain's major naval base
part: Coventry an industrial city in central England; devastated by air raids during World War II; remembered as the home of Lady Godiva in the 11th century
part: Gloucester.England__gloucester a city in southwestern England in Gloucestershire on the Severn
part: Reading a city on the River Thames in Berkshire in southern England
part: Worcester.England__worcester a cathedral city in west central England on the River Severn
part: Avon a county in southwestern England
part: Berkshire a county in southern England
part: Eton_College a public school for boys founded in 1440; located in Berkshire
part: Reading a city on the River Thames in Berkshire in southern England
part: Cornwall a hilly county in southwestern England
part: Devonshire__Devon a county in southwestern England
part: Gloucestershire__gloucestershire a county in southwestern England in the lower Severn valley
part: Hampshire a county of southern England on the English Channel
part: Winchester.England__winchester a city in southern England; administrative center of Hampshire
part: Winchester_College the oldest English public school; located in Winchester
part: Kent a county in southeastern England; the first to be colonized by the Romans
part: Canterbury a town in Kent in southeastern England; site of the cathedral where Thomas a Becket was martyred in 1170; seat of the archbishop and primate of the Anglican Church
part: Somerset a county in southwestern England on the Bristol Channel
part: East_Sussex a county in southern England on the English Channel
part: Hastings a town in East Sussex just south of the place where the Battle of Hastings took place
part: West_Sussex a county in southern England on the English Channel
part: Leicestershire__Leicester a largely agricultural county in central England
part: Bosworth_Field the battle that ended the Wars of the Roses (1485); Richard III was killed and Henry Tudor was crowned as Henry VII
part: Leicester an industrial city on the River Soar in Leicestershire in central England; built on the site of a Roman settlement
part: Lincolnshire an agricultural county of eastern England on the North Sea
part: Northumberland the northernmost county of England; has many Roman remains (including Hadrian's Wall)
part: East_Anglia a region of eastern England that was formerly a kingdom
part: Lancashire a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles
part: Yorkshire a former large county in northern England; in 1974 it was divided into three smaller counties
part: North_Yorkshire a county in northern England
part: West_Yorkshire a metropolitan county in northern England
part: Leeds a city on the River Aire in West Yorkshire in northern England; a center of the clothing industry
part: South_Yorkshire a metropolitan county in northern England
part: Sheffield a steel manufacturing city in northern England famous for its cutlery industry
part: Northumbria an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in northern England until 876
part: West_Country the southwest of England (including Cornwall and Devon and Somerset)
part: Sussex a former Anglo-Saxon kingdom in southern England on the English Channel; was captured by Wessex in the 9th century
part: Wessex a Saxon kingdom in southwestern England that became the most powerful English kingdom by the 10th century
part: Hadrian's_Wall an ancient Roman wall built by the Emperor Hadrian in the 2nd century; marked the northern boundary of the Roman Empire in Britain
part: River_Aire__Aire a river in northern England that flows southeast through West Yorkshire
part: Upper_Avon__Avon a river in central England that flows through Stratford-on-Avon and empties into the Severn
part: Avon.river__avon a river in southwestern England rising in Gloucestershire and flowing through Bristol to empty into the estuary of the Severn
part: River_Severn__Severn__Severn_River a river in England and Wales flowing into the Bristol Channel; the longest river in Great Britain
part: River_Tyne__Tyne a river in northern England that flows east to the North Sea
part: Northern_Ireland a division of the United Kingdom located on the northern part of the island of Ireland
part: Bangor.Northern_Ireland a town in southeastern Northern Ireland
part: Belfast__capital_of_Northern_Ireland capital and largest city of Northern Ireland; the center of Irish Protestantism
part: Eire__Ireland__Irish_Free_State__Republic_of_Ireland a republic consisting of 26 of 32 counties comprising the island of Ireland; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1921
part: Cork a port city in southern Ireland
part: Galway a port city in western Ireland on Galway Bay
part: Dublin__Irish_capital__capital_of_Ireland capital and largest city and major port of the Republic of Ireland
part: Limerick port city in southwestern Ireland
part: Tara a village in eastern Ireland (northwest of Dublin); seat of Irish kings until 6th century
part: Waterford a port city in southern Ireland; famous for glass industry
part: Scotland one of the four countries that make up the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; located on the northern part of the island of Great Britain; famous for bagpipes and plaids and kilts
part: Bannockburn a battle in which the Scots under Robert the Bruce defeated the English and assured the independence of Scotland
part: battle_of_Brunanburh__Brunanburh battle in 937 when Athelstan defeated the Scots; recounted in the Ballad of the Battle of Brunanburh in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles
part: battle_of_Langside__Langside (1568) Catholic forces supporting Mary Queen of Scots were routed by Protestants under her half-brother Lord James Stuart, Earl of Murray
part: Highlands the Highlands are a mountainous region of northern Scotland famous for its rugged beauty; known for the style of dress (the kilt and tartan) and the clan system (now in disuse)
part: Galloway.district__galloway a district in southwestern Scotland
part: Aberdeen.Scotland__aberdeen a city in northeastern Scotland on the North Sea
part: Lothian_Region a district in southeast central Scotland (south side of the Firth of Forth) and the location of Edinburgh
part: Edinburgh the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth
part: Glasgow largest city in Scotland; a port in west central Scotland; one of the great shipbuilding centers of the world
part: Hebrides__Hebridean_Islands__Hebridean_Isles__Western_Islands__Western_Isles a group of more than 500 islands off the western coast of Scotland
part: Inner_Hebrides islands between the Outer Hebrides and the western coast of Scotland
part: Outer_Hebrides a 130-mile long archipelago northwest of Scotland
part: Orkney_Islands an archipelago of about 70 islands in the North Atlantic and North Sea off the northeastern coast of Scotland
part: Shetland_Islands__Shetland__Zetland an archipelago of about 100 islands in the North Atlantic off the north coast of Scotland
part: Firth_of_Forth a large firth on the east coast of Scotland; location of Edinburgh
part: Loch_Achray a lake in central Scotland
part: Loch_Ness a lake in the Scottish highlands; the largest body of fresh water in Great Britain
part: Loch_Ness_monster__Nessie large aquatic animal supposed to resemble a serpent or plesiosaur of Loch Ness in Scotland
part: France__French_Republic a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
part: Dunkerque__Dunkirk a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire
part: Paris__City_of_Light__French_capital__capital_of_France the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce
part: Louvre_Museum__Louvre an art museum that is a famous tourist attraction in Paris
part: Tuileries_Gardens__Tuileries formal gardens next to the Louvre in Paris
part: Tuileries_Palace__Tuileries palace and royal residence built for Catherine de Medicis in 1564 and burned down in 1871; all that remains today are the formal gardens
part: Left_Bank__Latin_Quarter the region of Paris on the southern bank of the Seine; a center of artistic and student life
part: Quai_d'Orsay the street in Paris along the south bank of the Seine known for its governmental ministries
part: Montmartre the highest point in Paris; famous for its associations with many artists
part: Right_Bank the region of Paris on the north bank of the Seine
part: Ile-St-Louis island in Paris on the Seine
part: Champs_Elysees a major avenue in Paris famous for elegant shops and cafes
part: Orly a suburb of Paris; site of the international airport serving Paris
part: Bordeaux a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade
part: Brest a port city in northwestern France (in Brittany); the chief naval station of France
part: Cannes a port and resort city on the French Riviera; site of an annual film festival
part: Chablis a town in north central France noted for white Burgundy wines
part: Dijon an industrial city in eastern France north of Lyons
part: Grenoble a city in southeastern FRance on the Isere River
part: Le_Havre a port city in northern France on the English Channel at the mouth of the Seine
part: Lille an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders
part: Lyon__Lyons a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon
part: Marseille__Marseilles a port city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean
part: Nancy a city in northeastern France in Lorraine
part: Nantes a port city in western France on the Loire estuary
part: Nice a city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean; the leading resort on the French Riviera
part: Orleans a city on the Loire river in north central France; site of the siege of Orleans by the English (1428-1429)
part: Toulouse a city on the Garonne River in southern France southeast of Bordeaux; a cultural center of medieval Europe
part: Versailles a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century
part: Vichy a town in central France (south of Paris) noted for hot mineral springs; was capital of the unoccupied part of France during World War II
part: Riviera a coastal area between La Spezia in Italy and Cannes in France; "the Riviera contains some of Europe's most popular resorts"
part: French_region a geographical subdivision of France
part: Alsace__Alsatia__Elsass a region of northeastern France famous for its wines
part: Anjou a former province of western France in the Loire valley
part: Aquitaine__Aquitania a region of southwestern France between Bordeaux and the Pyrenees
part: Artois a former province of northern France near the English Channel (between Picardy and Flanders)
part: Auvergne a region in central France
part: Bourgogne__Burgundy a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines
part: Bretagne__Brittany__Breiz a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay
part: Centre a low-lying region in central France
part: Champagne-Ardenne__Champagne a region of northeastern France
part: Ardennes a wooded plateau in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France; the site of intense fighting in World Wars I and II
part: battle_of_the_Ardennes_Bulge__Battle_of_the_Bulge__Ardennes_counteroffensive battle during World War II; in December 1945 von Rundstedt launched a powerful counteroffensive in the Ardennes Forest that caught the Allies by surprise
part: Corse__Corsica a region of France on the island of Corsica; birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte
part: Franche-Comte a former province of eastern France
part: Gascogne__Gascony a region of southwestern France
part: Ile-de-France a region of north central France in the Paris Basin
part: Languedoc-Roussillon a region in south central France; named after the medieval dialect of French that was spoken there
part: Limousin a region of central France west of the Auvergne mountains
part: Lorraine__Lothringen an eastern French region rich in iron-ore deposits
part: Midi the south of France
part: Midi-Pyrenees a region in southwestern FRance
part: Nord-Pas-de-Calais a region in northeastern France
part: Pays_de_la_Loire an agricultural region of western France on the Bay of Biscay
part: Mayenne a department of northwestern France in the Pays de la Loire region
part: Picardie__Picardy a region of northern France on the English Channel
part: Poitou-Charentes__Poitou a low-lying region of west central France on the Bay of Biscay
part: Rhone-Alpes a mountainous region of eastern France drained by the Rhone and Saone and Isere rivers
part: Lyonnais a former province of east central France; now administered by Rhone-Alpes
part: Lyon__Lyons a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon
part: Normandie__Normandy a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie
part: Basse-Normandie__Lower-Normandy a division of Normandy
part: Haute-Normandie__Upper-Normandy a division of Normandy
part: Orleanais a former province of north central France; centered around Orleans
part: Provence a former province of southeastern France; now administered with Cote d'Azur
part: the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: Garonne_River__Garonne a river that rises in the Pyrenees and flows northwest to the Bay of Biscay
part: Isere_River__Isere a river in southeastern France; a tributary of the Rhone
part: Loire_River__Loire a French river; flows into the North Atlantic
part: Meuse_River__Meuse a European river; flows into the North Sea
part: Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: Pyrenees a chain of mountains between France and Spain
part: Rhine_River__Rhine__Rhein a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
part: Rhone_River__Rhone a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles; "the Rhone valley is famous for its vineyards"
part: Sambre_River__Sambre a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Neuse at Namur
part: Saone_River__Saone a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone
part: Scheldt_River__Scheldt__scheldt a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea
part: Seine_River__Seine a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel
part: Netherlands__The_Netherlands__Kingdom_of_The_Netherlands__Holland__holland a constitutional monarchy in western Europe on the North Sea; achieved independence from Spain in 1579; half the country lies below sea level
part: Amsterdam__Dutch_capital__capital_of_The_Netherlands an industrial center and the nominal capital of the Netherlands; center of the diamond-cutting industry; seat of an important stock exchange; known for its canals and art museum
part: The_Hague__'s_Gravenhage__Den_Haag the site of the royal residence and the de facto capital in the western part of the Netherlands; seat of the International Court of Justice
part: Eindhoven city in southeastern Netherlands noted for electrical industry
part: Nijmegen an industrial city in the eastern Netherlands
part: Rotterdam the 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea
part: Leiden__Leyden a city in the western Netherlands; residence of the Pilgrim Fathers for 11 years before they sailed for America in 1620
part: Utrecht a city in the central Netherlands
part: Meuse_River__Meuse a European river; flows into the North Sea
part: Rhine_River__Rhine__Rhein a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
part: Hungary__Republic_of_Hungary__Magyarorszag a republic in central Europe
part: Budapest__Hungarian_capital__capital_of_Hungary capital and largest city of Hungary; located on the Danube River in north-central Hungary
part: Lake_Balaton__Balaton__Plattensee a large shallow lake in western Hungary
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Republic_of_Iceland__Iceland an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944
part: Reykjavik__capital_of_Iceland the capital and chief port of Iceland on the southwestern coast of Iceland; buildings are heated by natural hot water
part: Lappland__Lapland a region in northmost Europe inhabited by Lapps
part: Liechtenstein__Principality_of_Liechtenstein a small landlocked principality (constitutional monarchy) in central Europe located in the Alps between Austria and Switzerland
part: Vaduz__capital_of_Liechtenstein the capital and largest city of Liechtenstein
part: Luxembourg__Grand_Duchy_of_Luxembourg__Luxemburg a grand duchy (a constitutional monarchy) landlocked in northwestern Europe between France and Belgium and Germany; an international financial center
part: Luxembourg-Ville__Luxembourg__Luxemburg__Luxembourg_City__capital_of_Luxembourg the capital and largest city of Luxembourg
part: Monaco__Principality_of_Monaco a constitutional monarchy in a tiny enclave on the French Riviera
part: Monaco-Ville the capital of Monaco
part: Monte_Carlo a town and popular resort in the principality of Monaco; world-famous for its gambling casino
part: Poland__Republic_of_Poland__Polska a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II
part: battle_of_Tannenberg__Tannenberg a battle in World War I (1914); decisive German victory over the Russians
part: Prussia__Preussen a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland; "in the 19th century Prussia led the economic and political unification of the German states"
part: Warsaw__capital_of_Poland the capital and largest city of Poland; located in central Poland
part: Cracow__Krakow__Krakau an industrial city in southern Poland on the Vistula
part: Gdansk__Danzig a city of northern Poland near the mouth of the Vistula River on a gulf of the Baltic Sea; a member of the Hanseatic League in the 14th century
part: Lodz a large city of central Poland
part: Lublin an industrial city of eastern Poland
part: Wroclaw__Breslau a city in southwestern Poland on the Oder
part: Oder_River__Oder a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea
part: Vistula_River__Vistula a European river; flows into the Baltic Sea
part: Iberian_Peninsula__Iberia a peninsula in southwestern Europe
part: Portugal__Portuguese_Republic a republic in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; Portuguese explorers and colonists in the 15th and 16th centuries created a vast overseas empire (including Brazil)
part: Azores__Acores islands in the Atlantic Ocean belonging to Portugal; "the Azores are strategically located on transatlantic air and shipping routes"
part: Madeira_Islands a group of volcanic island in the Atlantic Ocean west of Morocco
part: Braga an ancient city in northern Portugal
part: Lisbon__Lisboa__capital_of_Portugal capital and largest city and economic and cultural center of Portugal; a major port in western Portugal on Tagus River where it broadens and empties into the Atlantic
part: Ponte_25'_de_Abril a suspension bridge across the Tagus River at Lisbon
part: Porto__Oporto port city in northwest Portugal; noted for port wine
part: Setubal a port town on the Atlantic coast of Portugal southeast of Lisbon
part: Lusitania ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian peninsula; corresponds roughly to modern Portugal and parts of Spain
part: Tagus_River__Tagus a European river; flows into the North Atlantic
part: Andorra__Principality_of_Andorra a small republic in the eastern Pyrenees between Spain and France
part: Spain__Kingdom_of_Spain__Espana a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
part: Andalusia__Andalucia a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization
part: Granada a city in southeastern Spain; site of the Alhambra (a palace and fortress built by Moslems in the Middle Ages) which is now a major tourist attraction
part: Alhambra a palace and fortress built in Granada by the Moslems in the Middle Ages
part: Madrid__capital_of_Spain__Spanish_capital the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum
part: Balearic_Islands an archipelago in the western Mediterranean off the eastern coast of Spain
part: Majorca the largest of the Balearic Islands
part: Majorca the largest of the Balearic Islands
part: Canary_Islands__Canaries a group of mountainous islands in the Atlantic off the northwest coast of Africa forming Spanish provinces
part: Tenerife a Spanish island in the Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa; the largest of the Canary Islands
part: Barcelona a city in northeastern Spain on the Mediterranean; 2nd largest Spanish city and the largest port and commercial center; has been a center for radical political beliefs
part: Cadiz an ancient port city in southwestern Spain
part: Cartagena.port__cartagena a port in southeastern Spain on the Mediterranean
part: Cordova__Cordoba a city in southern Spain; center of Moorish culture
part: Jerez_de_la_Frontera__Jerez a city in southwestern Spain that is famous for making sherry
part: Leon.Spain__leon a city in northwestern Spain at the foot of the Cantabrian Mountains
part: Malaga a port city and resort in Andalusia in southern Spain on the Mediterranean
part: Oviedo a city in northwestern Spain near the Cantabrian Mountains
part: San_Sebastian a city in northern Spain on the Bay of Biscay near the French border; a fashionable seaside resort
part: Sevilla__Seville a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain
part: Toledo.Spain__toledo a city in central Spain on the Tagus river; famous for steel and swords since the first century
part: Aragon a region of northeastern Spain; a former kingdom that united with Castile in 1479 to form Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella I)
part: Zaragoza__Saragossa an ancient city in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon
part: Castile__Castilla a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479
part: Catalonia a region of northeastern Spain
part: Galicia a region (and former kingdom) in northwestern Spain on the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay
part: Valencia.Spain__valencia a city in eastern Spain on the Mediterranean; "Valencia is the third largest city in Spain"
part: Lusitania ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian peninsula; corresponds roughly to modern Portugal and parts of Spain
part: Cantabrian_Mountains a range of mountains in northern Spain along the coast of the Bay of Biscay
part: Ebro_River__Ebro a Spanish river; flows into the Mediterranean
part: Pyrenees a chain of mountains between France and Spain
part: Sierra_Nevada a mountain range in southern Spain along the Mediterranean coast east of Granada
part: Tagus_River__Tagus a European river; flows into the North Atlantic
part: Belarus__Republic_of_Belarus__Byelarus__Byelorussia__Belorussia__White_Russia a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet
part: Minsk__capital_of_Byelorussia the capital of Belarus and of the Commonwealth of Independent States
part: Dnieper_River__Dnieper a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea
part: Baltic_State__Baltic_Republic European countries bordering the Baltic Sea
part: Estonia__Republic_of_Estonia__Esthonia a republic in northeastern Europe on the Baltic Sea
part: Tallinn__capital_of_Estonia port city that is the capital and largest city of Estonia
part: Livonia a region on the Baltic that is divided between northern Estonia and southern Latvia
part: Latvia__Republic_of_Latvia a republic in northeastern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea
part: Livonia a region on the Baltic that is divided between northern Estonia and southern Latvia
part: Riga__capital_of_Latvia port city that is the capital and largest city of Latvia
part: Moldova__Republic_of_Moldava__Moldavia a landlocked republic in eastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet but achieved independence in 1991
part: Kishinev__Chisinau__capital_of_Moldova the capital of Moldova
part: Ukraine__Ukrayina a republic in southeastern Europe; formerly a European Soviet; the center of the original Russian state which came into existence in the ninth century
part: Crimea a Ukrainian peninsula between the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov
part: Crimean_War a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England France Turkey Sardinia; 1853-1856
part: Sebastopol__Sevastopol a city in southern Ukraine on the Black Sea
part: Yalta a resort city in southern Ukraine on the Black Sea; scene of the Allied conference between Churchill and Stalin and Roosevelt in 1945
part: Kiev__capital_of_the_Ukraine capital and largest city of the Ukraine; a major manufacturing and transportation center
part: Donetsk__Donetske__Stalino an industrial city in the Donets Basin
part: Donets_Basin__Donbass__Donbas an industrial region in the Ukraine
part: Chernobyl a city in north central Ukraine; site of a major disaster at a nuclear power plant (16 April 1986)
part: Kharkov__Kharkiv a city in northeastern Ukraine; former capital of the Ukraine
part: Odesa__Odessa a port city of south central Ukraine on an arm of the Black Sea
part: Danube_River__Danube the 2nd longest European river; flows into the Black Sea
part: Dnieper_River__Dnieper a river that rises in Russia near Smolensk and flowing south through Belarus and Ukraine to empty into the Black Sea
part: Gibraltar__Rock_of_Gibraltar__Calpe place of a colony of the United Kingdom located on a limestone promontory at the southern tip of Spain; strategically important because it can control the entrance of ships into the Mediterranean; one of the Pillars of Hercules
part: Switzerland__Swiss_Confederation__Suisse__Schweiz__Svizzera a landlocked federal republic in central Europe
part: battle_of_Sempatch__Sempatch the Swiss Confederation escaped Hapsburg domination by their victory in 1386
part: Ticino__Tessin an Italian-speaking region of southern Switzerland
part: Swiss_canton one of the cantons of Switzerland
part: Bern__Berne__capital_of_Switzerland the capital of Switzerland; located in western Switzerland
part: Basel__Basle__Bale a city in northwestern Switzerland
part: Geneva__Geneve__Genf a city in southwestern Switzerland at the western end of Lake Geneva; the Palace of Nations originally housed the League of Nations and is now the European headquarters for the United Nations
part: Lausanne a city in western Switzerland; cultural and commercial center
part: Zurich the largest city in Switzerland; located in the northern part of the country; "Zurich is the center of the German-speaking part of Switzerland"
part: Aare_River__Aare__Aar a river in north central Switzerland that runs northeast into the Rhine
part: the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: Matterhorn a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape
part: Rhine_River__Rhine__Rhein a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
part: Rhone_River__Rhone a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles; "the Rhone valley is famous for its vineyards"
part: Weisshorn a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland (14,804 feet high)
part: Ottoman_Empire__Turkish_Empire an empire created by the Ottoman Turks in the 13th century and that lasted until the end of World War I
part: Low_Countries the lowland region of western Europe on the North Sea: Belgium and Luxembourg and the Netherlands
part: Silesia__Slask__Slezsko__Schlesien a region of central Europe rich in deposits of coal and iron ore; annexed by Prussia in 1742 but now largely in Poland
part: Elbe_River__Elbe a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea
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