#doctrine__philosophy__school_of_thought__ism  a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
  supertype:  belief  any cognitive content held as true
  subtype:  abolitionism  the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
  subtype:  absolutism  the doctrine of an absolute being
  subtype:  amoralism  the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid
  subtype:  animalism  the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature
  subtype:  animism  the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; "animism is common among primitive peoples"
  subtype:  creationism  the literal belief in the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of evolution of species"
     subtype:  creation_science  an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis
  subtype:  creed__credo  any system of principles or beliefs
     subtype:  testament  a profession of belief; "he stated his political testament"
     subtype:  Athanasian_Creed  a Christian profession of faith
  subtype:  dogma  a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; "he believed all the Marxist dogma"
  subtype:  dualism  the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
  subtype:  epicureanism  a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers
  subtype:  expansionism  the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
  subtype:  formalism.doctrine  the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
  subtype:  functionalism  any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose
  subtype:  gospel  a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance; "Newton's writings were gospel for those who followed"
  subtype:  gymnosophy  the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation
  subtype:  imitation.doctrine  the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations
     subtype:  mimesis  the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
  subtype:  laissez_faire__laissezfaire__individualism  the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
  subtype:  internationalism  the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences
  subtype:  unilateralism  the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
  subtype:  irredentism__irridentism  the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
  subtype:  literalism  the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature
  subtype:  majority_rule__democracy  the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
  subtype:  monism  the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
  subtype:  nihilism  a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
  subtype:  passivism__pacifism  the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable
  subtype:  pluralism  the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
  subtype:  populism  the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
  subtype:  freethinking__rationalism  the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct
  subtype:  humanism  the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
  subtype:  humanitarianism__humanism  the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
  subtype:  egalitarianism__equalitarianism  the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
  subtype:  feminism  a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
  subtype:  ecumenism__ecumenicism__ecumenicalism  the doctrine of the ecumenical movement promoting cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations; aimed at universal Christian unity
  subtype:  secessionism  a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
  subtype:  secularism  a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
  subtype:  phenomenology  a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account
  subtype:  philosophical_doctrine__philosophicaldoctrine__philosophical_theory__philosophicaltheory  a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
     subtype:  aesthetic__esthetic  a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful; "he despised the esthetic of minimalism"
     subtype:  Aristotelianism  the philosophy of Aristotle that elaborates the fundamental principles of the syllogism
     subtype:  conceptualism  the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
     subtype:  Confucianism  the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
     subtype:  deconstruction__deconstructionism  a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
     subtype:  empiricism__empiricist_philosophy__sensationalism  the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
        subtype:  experimentalism  an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles
        subtype:  logical_positivism__logicalpositivism__positivism  the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)
           subtype:  Comtism  Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top
     subtype:  existentialism__existentialist_philosophy  a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
     subtype:  determinism  a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
        subtype:  fatalism  a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them
     subtype:  formalism.philosophical_doctrine  the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
     subtype:  idealism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that ideas are the only reality
     subtype:  intuitionism  the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition
     subtype:  logicism  the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
     subtype:  physicalism__materialism  the doctrine that matter is the only reality
        subtype:  dialectical_materialism__dialecticalmaterialism  the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
     subtype:  mechanism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
     subtype:  mentalism  a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
     subtype:  nativism  the philosophical doctrine that some ideas are innate
     subtype:  naturalism  the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
     subtype:  nominalism  the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
     subtype:  operationalism  the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
     subtype:  Platonism__realism  the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
     subtype:  pragmatism  the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
     subtype:  probabilism  the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
     subtype:  rationalism  the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
     subtype:  naive_realism__naiverealism__realism  the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived
     subtype:  relativism  the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
     subtype:  scholasticism  the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
     subtype:  semiotics__semiotic  a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols
     subtype:  sensualism__sensationalism  the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good
     subtype:  solipsism  the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
     subtype:  Stoicism  the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
     subtype:  subjectivism  the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
     subtype:  Daoism__Taoism  philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
     subtype:  teleology  a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes
     subtype:  traditionalism.philosophical_doctrine  the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions
     subtype:  vitalism  a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
  subtype:  states'_rights.doctrine  a doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states
     subtype:  nullification.states'_rights  the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
  subtype:  teaching__precept  a doctrine that is taught; "the teaching of religion"; "he believed all the Christian precepts"
     subtype:  Golden_Rule  a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount: "Whatsoever ye would that men do unto you, do you even so unto them" (Mathew 7:12)
  subtype:  theological_doctrine__theologicaldoctrine  the doctrine of a religious group
     subtype:  theanthropism  (theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine
     subtype:  predestination__foreordination__preordination__predetermination  (theology) the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
     subtype:  spiritualism.theological_doctrine  any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God
     subtype:  antinomianism  the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
     subtype:  Thomism  the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
     subtype:  Arianism  the theological doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father
     subtype:  Athanasianism  the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
     subtype:  Boehmenism__Behmenism  the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
     subtype:  consubstantiation  the High-Church Anglican doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine
     subtype:  Episcopalianism  the theological doctrine of Church government by bishops
     subtype:  Erastianism__Byzantinism__Caesaropapism  the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
     subtype:  Jansenism  the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
     subtype:  millenarianism  belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
     subtype:  Quakerism  the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
     subtype:  rationalism.theological_doctrine  the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth
        subtype:  deism__free_thought  the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
     subtype:  Rosicrucianism  the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the Cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and Redemption; claims various occult powers
     subtype:  synergism  the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
     subtype:  total_depravity  the Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin
     subtype:  transubstantiation  the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
     subtype:  universalism  the theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved
     subtype:  Virgin_Birth__Nativity  the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
  subtype:  utilitarianism  doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
  subtype:  religious_doctrine__religiousdoctrine__church_doctrine__gospel__creed  the body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
     subtype:  Nicene_Creed  a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
     subtype:  tenet__belief__dogma  a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
        subtype:  article_of_faith__credendum  (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
     subtype:  Immaculate_Conception  the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin
     subtype:  Incarnation  the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
     subtype:  real_presence  the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist

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