#disorder.state__upset condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
supertype: #condition.state__status a condition or state at a particular time: "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"
subtype: #immunological_disorder__immunologicaldisorder a disorder of the immune system
subtype: #immunodeficiency immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
subtype: #AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: #agammaglobulinemia a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
subtype: #hypogammaglobulinemia an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of infection
subtype: #immunosuppression lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
subtype: #anergy.immunological_disorder reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen
subtype: #functional_disorder disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
subtype: #organic_disorder__organicdisorder disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
subtype: #abocclusion the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
subtype: #abruptio_placentae a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
subtype: #achlorhydria an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
subtype: #acholia__cholestasi a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
subtype: #achylia_gastrica__achyliagastrica absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
subtype: #acute_brain_disorder__acutebraindisorder__acute_organic_brain_syndrome__acuteorganicbrainsyndrome any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
subtype: #ailment__complaint__ill an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
subtype: #pip a minor nonspecific ailment
subtype: #motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
subtype: #airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
subtype: #car_sickness motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
subtype: #seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
subtype: #eating_disorder a disorder of the normal eating routine
subtype: #anorexia a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
subtype: #anorexia_nervosa (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated
subtype: #bulimarexia__binge-purge_syndrome__bingepurgesyndrome__binge-vomit_syndrome__bingevomitsyndrome__bulima_nervosa a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting
subtype: #binge-eating_syndrome__bulimia a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation
subtype: #bladder_disorder__bladderdisorder a disorder of the urinary bladder
subtype: #flaccid_bladder__flaccidbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
subtype: #neurogenic_bladder a urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system
subtype: #spastic_bladder__spasticbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
subtype: #cardiovascular_disease a disease of the heart or blood vessels
subtype: #heart_disease__heartdisease__heart_condition__heartcondition__cardiopathy a disease of the heart
subtype: #angina_pectoris__angina a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
subtype: #cardiac_arrhythmia__cardiacarrhythmia__arrhythmia an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
subtype: #flutter abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block
subtype: #gallop_rhythm__cantering_rhythm__canteringrhythm cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
subtype: #atrial_fibrillation fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
subtype: #bradycardia abnormally slow heartbeat
subtype: #heart_block__Adams-Stokes_syndrome__Stokes-Adams_syndrome__atrioventricular_block recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat
subtype: #premature_ventricular_contraction__prematureventricularcontraction__pvc irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
subtype: #tachycardia abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
subtype: #ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
subtype: #cardiomyopathy__myocardiopathy a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
subtype: #hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
subtype: #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: #congestive_heart_failure inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
subtype: #heart_attack__heartattack a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function
subtype: #valvular_heart_disease heart disease caused by stenosis of the cardiac valves and obstructed blood flow or caused by degeneration and blood regurgitation
subtype: #aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: #mitral_valve_prolapse cardiopathy resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
subtype: #mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: #rheumatic_heart_disease__rheumaticheartdisease heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
subtype: #high_blood_pressure__hypertension a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
subtype: #essential_hypertension__essentialhypertension__hyperpiesis persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
subtype: #malignant_hypertension__malignanthypertension severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain; "malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension"
subtype: #portal_hypertension increase in blood pressure in the veins of the portal system caused by obstruction in the liver (often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis), causing enlargement of the spleen and collateral veins
subtype: #secondary_hypertension__secondaryhypertension hypertension that is secondary to another disease
subtype: #white-coat_hypertension temporary rise in blood pressure in the doctor's office
subtype: #hypotension abnormally low blood pressure
subtype: #orthostatic_hypotension__postural_hypotension low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
subtype: #aneurysm a sac-like widening of an artery
subtype: #aortic_aneurysm an aneurysm of the aorta
subtype: #cerebral_aneurysm an aneurysm of the carotid artery
subtype: #intracranial_aneurysm an aneurysm of a cranial artery
subtype: #ventricular_aneurysm__ventricularaneurysm a localized dilation or protrusion on the wall of the left ventricle of the heart (occurring after a myocardial infarction)
subtype: #circulatory_failure__circulatoryfailure failure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues
subtype: #celiac_disease a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
subtype: #cheilosis__cheilosi__perleche a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
subtype: #choking a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
subtype: #colpoxerosis a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
subtype: #degenerative_disorder condition leading to progressive loss of function
subtype: #demyelination loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function
subtype: #dystrophy any degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition
subtype: #osteodystrophy defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
subtype: #disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: #chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: #orthochorea a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
subtype: #Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
subtype: #tarantism a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
subtype: #Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: #dysaphia a disorder in the sense of touch
subtype: #dysosmia__parosamia__ofactory_impairment a disorder in the sense of smell
subtype: #dyspahgia condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
subtype: #dysuria painful or difficult urination
subtype: #failure.disorder loss of ability to function normally
subtype: #heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: #renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: #acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
subtype: #chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
subtype: #fantods an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
subtype: #glandular_disease__glandulardisease__gland_disease__glanddisease__glandular_disorder__glandulardisorder__adenosis a disorder of the glands of the body
subtype: #hyperparathyroidism excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
subtype: #hypoparathyroidism inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
subtype: #hyperpituitarism excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)
subtype: #Addison's_disease__Addison's_syndrome__hypoadrenalism__hypoadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
subtype: #adenopathy a glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)
subtype: #aldosteronism__hyperaldosteronism a condition caused by over-production of aldosterone
subtype: #Cushing's_disease__hyperadrenalism a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
subtype: #Cushing's_syndrome__hyperadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
subtype: #diabetes any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
subtype: #diabetes_mellitus__DM diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria; "when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'"
subtype: #Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: #Type_II_diabetes__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__NIDDM__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes__ketosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketosis-resistant_diabetes__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes__adult-onset_diabetes_mellitus__adult-onset_diabetes__maturity-onset_diabetes_mellitus__maturity-onset_diabetes mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
subtype: #latent_diabetes__chemical_diabetes a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
subtype: #diabetes_insipidus a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst
subtype: #nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus diabetes insipidus caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to normal levels of vasopressin
subtype: #hyperthyroidism__thyrotoxicosis an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
subtype: #Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
subtype: #hypothyroidism an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
subtype: #myxedema__myxoedema hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
subtype: #cretinism severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
subtype: #hyperactivity a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
subtype: #impacted_tooth__impaction a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
subtype: #impaction a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
subtype: #learning_disorder__learning_disability__learningdisability a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
subtype: #dyscalculia impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics
subtype: #dysgraphia impaired ability to learn to write
subtype: #dyslexia impaired ability to learn to read
subtype: #malocclusion (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
subtype: #overbite (dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth
subtype: #mental_disorder__mental_disturbance__disturbance__psychological_disorder__psychologicaldisorder__folie (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
subtype: #anxiety_disorder__anxietydisorder a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
subtype: #generalized_anxiety_disorder__generalizedanxietydisorder__GAD__anxiety_reaction__anxietyreaction an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
subtype: #panic_disorder__panicdisorder an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
subtype: #phobia__phobic_disorder__phobic_neurosis an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; "phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias"
subtype: #agoraphobia a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)
subtype: #simple_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with relatively simple well-defined stimuli
subtype: #acrophobia a morbid fear of great heights
subtype: #algophobia a morbid fear of pain
subtype: #aquaphobia a morbid fear of drowning
subtype: #astraphobia a morbid fear of thunder and lightning
subtype: #claustrophobia a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space
subtype: #cryophobia a morbid fear of freezing
subtype: #hydrophobia a fear of drinking liquids because swallowing is so painful (as with persons having rabies)
subtype: #hypnophobia a morbid fear of falling asleep
subtype: #mysophobia a morbid fear of dirt or contamination
subtype: #neophobia a morbid fear of novelty
subtype: #nyctophobia a morbid fear of night or darkness
subtype: #phobophobia a morbid fear of developing a phobia
subtype: #photophobia a morbid fear of light
subtype: #pyrophobia a morbid fear of fire
subtype: #taphephobia a morbid fear of being buried alive
subtype: #thanatophobia a morbid fear of death
subtype: #triskaidekaphobia a morbid fear of the number 13
subtype: #zoophobia a morbid fear of animals
subtype: #acarophobia a morbid fear of small insects and mites and worms
subtype: #ailurophobia a morbid fear of cats
subtype: #cynophobia a morbid fear of dogs
subtype: #entomophobia a morbid fear of insects
subtype: #lepidophobia a morbid fear of snakes
subtype: #musophobia a morbid fear of mice
subtype: #social_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with situations in which you are subject to criticism by others (as fear of eating in public or public speaking etc)
subtype: #androphobia a morbid fear of men
subtype: #gynophobia a morbid fear of women
subtype: #satanophobia an abnormal fear of Satan
subtype: #school_phobia a child's sudden fear of attending school
subtype: #traumatophobia a morbid fear of battle or physical injury
subtype: #xenophobia an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers
subtype: #posttraumatic_stress_disorder__PTSD an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as guilt about surviving or reliving the trauma in dreams or numbness and lack of involvement with reality or recurrent thoughts and images
subtype: #battle_fatigue__combat_fatigue__combat_neurosis__shell_shock__shellshock a mental disorder caused by stress of active warfare
subtype: #psychosomatic_disorder__psychosomaticdisorder a mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms
subtype: #aberration a disorder in one's mental state
subtype: #conversion_disorder__conversion_reaction__conversion_hysteria a mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause)
subtype: #glove_anesthesia__gloveanesthesia a mental disorder involving loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist; "since no combination of nerves serve this area a glove anesthesia is clearly psychogenic in origin"
subtype: #delirium a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
subtype: #delusional_disorder any mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role
subtype: #encopresis involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
subtype: #folie_a_deux__folieadeux the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife)
subtype: #personality_disorder__personalitydisorder inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior
subtype: #maladjustment the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability
subtype: #antisocial_personality_disorder__sociopathic_personality__psychopathic_personality a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder; `antisocial personality disorder' is currently the preferred term)
subtype: #schizotypal_personality characterized by symptoms similar to but less severe than schizophrenia
subtype: #major_affective_disorder__majoraffectivedisorder__affective_disorder__affectivedisorder__emotional_disorder__emotionaldisorder__emotional_disturbance__emotionaldisturbance any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant
subtype: #depressive_disorder__clinical_depression__depression a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
subtype: #agitated_depression a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability and restlessness
subtype: #anaclitic_depression__anacliticdepression severe and progressive depression in infants who lose their mother and do not get a suitable substitute
subtype: #dysthymia__dysthymic_depression__dysthymicdepression mild chronic depression; "I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
subtype: #endogenous_depression a state of depression for which there is no apparent precipitating cause
subtype: #exogenous_depression__exogenousdepression__reactive_depression an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief)
subtype: #major_depressive_episode (psychiatry) a state of depression with all the classic symptoms (anhedonia and lethargy and sleep disturbance and despondency and morbid thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and sometimes attempted suicide) but with no known organic dysfunction
subtype: #involutional_depression a major depressive episode associated with the climacteric
subtype: #unipolar_depression a major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase that occurs in the classic form of bipolar disorder
subtype: #neurotic_depression a term used for any state of depression that is not psychotic
subtype: #psychotic_depression__psychoticdepression a state of depression so severe that the person loses contact with reality and suffers a variety of functional impairments
subtype: #retarded_depression a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action
subtype: #manic_disorder__manicdisorder__mania a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
subtype: #craze__delirium__frenzy__fury__hysteria state of violent mental agitation
subtype: #nympholepsy a frenzy of emotion; as for something unattainable
subtype: #bipolar_disorder__bipolardisorder__manicdepression__manicdepressiveillnes__manic-depressive_psychosis a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
subtype: #cyclothymia__cyclothymic_disorder__cyclothymicdisorder__cyclic_disorder a mild bipolar disorder that persists over a long time
subtype: #schizothymia resembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality
subtype: #neurosis__neuroticism__psychoneurosi a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
subtype: #hysterical_neurosis__hysteria neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
subtype: #anxiety_hysteria__anxietyhysteria a form of hysteria having features of both conversion disorder and anxiety neurosis
subtype: #hysterocatalepsy hysteria with cataleptic symptoms
subtype: #anxiety_neurosis characterized by diffuse anxiety and often somatic manifestations of fear
subtype: #dissociative_disorder dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
subtype: #depersonalization_disorder__depersonalizationdisorder__depersonalization__depersonalisation__depersonalisation_disorder__depersonalisationdisorder__depersonalization_neurosis__depersonalisation_neurosis emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness
subtype: #psychogenic_fugue__psychogenicfugue__fugue dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
subtype: #split_personality__splitpersonality__multiple_personality a relatively rare dissociative disorder in which the usual integrity of the personality breaks down and two or more independent personalities emerge
subtype: #metabolic_disorder__metabolicdisorder a disorder or defect of metabolism
subtype: #alkaptonuria__alcaptonuria a rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine
subtype: #inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: #galactosemia a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
subtype: #lysinemia an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
subtype: #Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: #phenylketonuria__PKU a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
subtype: #lipidosis__lipidosi a disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body
subtype: #abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: #Gaucher's_disease a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism probably of genetic origin
subtype: #Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: #Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: #lysine_intolerance a disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine
subtype: #hyperlipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: #hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: #hypolipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: #hypobetalipoproteinemia a hereditary disorder characterized by low levels of beta-lipoproteins and lipids and cholesterol
subtype: #abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: #nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease a disorder of the nervous system
subtype: #brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease any disorder or disease of the brain
subtype: #epilepsy a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
subtype: #akinetic_epilepsy epilepsy characterized by akinesia
subtype: #cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
subtype: #Jacksonian_epilepsy focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
subtype: #sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
subtype: #grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
subtype: #myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
subtype: #petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
subtype: #complex_absence petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
subtype: #pure_absence__simple_absence petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
subtype: #subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
subtype: #posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
subtype: #procursive_epilepsy epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
subtype: #psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
subtype: #reflex_epilepsy a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
subtype: #musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by music
subtype: #photogenic_epilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
subtype: #status_epilepticus a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
subtype: #tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
subtype: #apraxia inability to make purposeful movements
subtype: #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: #cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
subtype: #agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
subtype: #acataphasia a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
subtype: #aphasia inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
subtype: #auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
subtype: #conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
subtype: #global_aphasia__total_aphasia loss of all ability to communicate
subtype: #motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
subtype: #nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
subtype: #transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
subtype: #visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness inability to perceive written words
subtype: #Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
subtype: #agnosia inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
subtype: #Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
subtype: #Wernicke's_encephalopathy inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
subtype: #motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
subtype: #Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
subtype: #hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
subtype: #atopognosia__atopognosi absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
subtype: #dyskinesia abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
subtype: #tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
subtype: #chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: #flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
subtype: #athetosis__athetosi a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
subtype: #kuru a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
subtype: #nerve_compression__nervecompression harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
subtype: #nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
subtype: #carpal_tunnel_syndrome a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand
subtype: #hydrocele disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
subtype: #sleep_disorder__sleepdisorder a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
subtype: #hypersomnia an inability to stay awake
subtype: #catalepsy a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli
subtype: #narcolepsy a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep; "he believes that narcolepsy is attributable to an inability to suppress REM sleep during waking"
subtype: #insomnia an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
subtype: #sleep_terror_disorder__pavor_nocturnus__pavornocturnu a disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep
subtype: #sleep_apnea__sleepapnea apnea that occurs during sleep
subtype: #sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
subtype: #hematocolpometra__haematocolpometra accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
subtype: #hematocolpos__haematocolpos__haematocolpo accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
subtype: #speech_disorder__speech_defect a disorder of oral speech
subtype: #anarthria partial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system
subtype: #aphonia__voicelessnes a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
subtype: #cataphasia a speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession
subtype: #dysarthria impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature
subtype: #dyslogia impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeble-mindedness or certain psychoses)
subtype: #dysphonia speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
subtype: #lallation speech defect in which the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l'
subtype: #lambdacism speech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l'
subtype: #lisp a speech defect that involves pronouncing s like voiceless th and z like voiced th
subtype: #stammer__stutter a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds
subtype: #tropical_sprue__sprue a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and nontropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
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