#digestive_system__digestivesystem__gastrointestinal_system__systema_alimentarium__systemaalimentarium__systema_digestorium__systemadigestorium the system that makes food absorbable into the body
supertype: system.body_part a group of physiologically or anatomically related organs or parts; "the body has a system of organs for digestion"
part of: body [49,49]
part: liver large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity; secretes bile and functions in metabolism of protein and carbohydrate and fat; synthesizes substances involved in the clotting of the blood; synthesizes vitamin A; detoxifies poisonous substances and breaks down worn-out erythrocytes
part: Kupffer's_cell specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria and foreign proteins and worn-out blood cells
part: hepatic_artery__hepaticartery__arteria_hepatica__arteriahepatica arteries that supply the liver
part: hepatic_vein__hepaticvein__vena_hepatica a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava
part: hepatic_lobe__hepaticlobe any of the five lobes forming the liver
part: hepatic_duct__hepaticduct the duct that drains bile from the liver
part: common_bile_duct__bile_duct a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum
part: musculus_sphincter_ductus_choledochi the smooth muscle sphincter of the common bile duct
part: biliary_ductule excretory ducts of the liver; empty into the hepatic ducts
part: venae_interlobulares_hepatis interlobular veins of the liver
part: pancreas a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin
part: pancreatic_duct a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine
part: musculus_sphincter_ductus_pancreatici the smooth muscle sphincter of the main pancreatic duct
part: islands_of_Langerhans__isles_of_Langerhans__islets_of_Langerhans cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones
part: digestive_juice__digestivejuice__digestive_fluid__digestivefluid secretions that aid digestion
part: alimentary_canal__alimentary_tract__digestive_tube__digestivetube__digestivetract__gastrointestinal_tract__GI_tract tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination
part: tummy__stomach__tum__breadbasket an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion
part: gastric_artery__gastricartery__arteria_gastrica__arteriagastrica arteries that supplies the walls of the stomach
part: gastric_vein__gastricvein__vena_gastrica one of several veins draining the stomach walls
part: gastroomental_vein__gastroomentalvein__gastroepiploic_vein__vena_gastroomentalis one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach
part: pit_of_the_stomach__epigastric_fossa a slight depression in the midline just below the sternum (where a blow can affect the solar plexus)
part: esophagus__esophagu__oesophagus__gorge__gullet the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
part: epicardia the short part of the esophagus extending downward from the diaphragm to the stomach
part: cardiac_sphincter__cardiacsphincter the valve between the distal end of the esophagus and the stomach; the physiological sphincter at the esophagogastric junction
part: small_intestine__smallintestine the longest part of the alimentary canal; where digestion is completed
part: ileal_artery__ilealartery__intestinalartery__arteria_ileum__arteriaileum branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum
part: jejunal_artery__jejunalartery__intestinal_artery branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum
part: large_intestine__largeintestine beginning with the cecum and ending with the rectum; includes the cecum and the colon and the rectum; extracts moisture from food residues which are later excreted as feces
part: cecum__caecum__blind_gut the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; "the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum"
part: vermiform_appendix__vermiformappendix__appendix__vermiform_process__vermiformproces__cecal_appendage__cecalappendage a vestigial process that extends from the lower end of the cecum and that resembles a small pouch
part: transverse_colon the part of the large intestine that extends across the abdominal cavity and joins the ascending to the descending colon
part: ascending_colon__ascendingcolon the part of the large intestine that ascends from the cecum to the transverse colon
part: ascending_artery__ascendingartery__arteria_ascendens__arteriaascenden the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon
part: descending_colon the part of the large intestine that descends from the transverse colon to the sigmoid colon
part: sigmoid_colon__sigmoidcolon__sigmoid_flexure__sigmoidflexure the s-shaped curve between the descending colon and the rectum
part: rectum the terminal section of the alimentary canal; from the sigmoid flexure to the anus
part: rectal_artery__arteria_rectalis one of the arteries supplying the rectal area
part: anus__arse__arsehole__asshole excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal
part: anal_sphincter__sphincter_ani__sphincterani__musculus_sphincter_ani the sphincter muscle of the anus
part: musculus_sphincter_ani_externus an external ring of striated muscle surrounding the anus
part: musculus_sphincter_ani_internus an internal ring of smooth muscle formed by circular fibers of the rectum
part: pharynx__throat the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone
part: lingua__tongue__glossa__clapper a mobile mass of muscular tissue covered with mucous membrane and located in the oral cavity
part: tastebud__taste_bud__tastebud__gustatory_organ__gustatoryorgan an oval sensory end organ on the surface of the tongue
part: neuroepithelium epithelium associated with special sense organs and containing sensory nerve endings
part: taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
part: nasopharynx cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx
part: palatine_tonsil__tonsil__faucial_tonsil__faucialtonsil__tonsilla either of two masses of lymphatic tissue one on each side of the oral pharynx
part: oropharynx cavity formed by the pharynx at the back of the mouth
part: laryngopharynx the lower part of the pharynx
part: pharyngeal_tonsil__adenoid__Luschka's_tonsil__third_tonsil__thirdtonsil__tonsilla_pharyngealis__tonsilla_adenoidea a collection of lymphatic tissue in the throat behind the uvula (on the posterior wall and roof of the nasopharynx); "hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsils is called adenoids"; "enlarged adenoids may restrict the breathing of children"
part: pharyngeal_recess a small recess in the wall of the pharynx
part: digestive_gland__digestivegland any gland having ducts that pour secretions into the digestive tract
part: salivary_gland any of three pairs of glands in the mouth and digestive system that secrete saliva for digestion
part: saliva__spit__spittle a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches
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