#concept__conception__construct  an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
  exclusion:  misconception
  supertype:  idea.cognitive_content__thought  the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"
  subtype:  conceptuality__conceptualization__conceptualisation  an elaborated concept
     subtype:  perception.conceptuality  a way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible"
  subtype:  notion  a general inclusive concept
  subtype:  category  a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
     subtype:  kind__sort__form__variety  a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"
        subtype:  description.kind  sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
        subtype:  type  a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
           subtype:  nature.type  a particular type of thing; "problems of this type are very difficult to solve"; "he's interested in trains and things of that nature"; "matters of a personal nature"
           subtype:  variant__variation  something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone"
        subtype:  antitype  an opposite or contrasting type
        subtype:  art_form__artform  a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
           subtype:  architectural_style__architecturalstyle__style_of_architecture__type_of_architecture  architecture as a kind of art form
              subtype:  Bauhaus  a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918
              subtype:  Byzantine_architecture__Byzantine  the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and minarets and much use of mosaics
              subtype:  classical_architecture__classicalarchitecture__grecoromanarchitecture  architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
                 subtype:  Greek_architecture  the architecture of ancient Greece
                 subtype:  Roman_architecture  the architecture of ancient Rome
              subtype:  Gothic_architecture__Gothic  a style of architecture developed in N France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
                 subtype:  perpendicular_style__perpendicularstyle__perpendicular__English-Gothic__English-Gothic_architecture  a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines, a four-centered (Tudor) arch, fan vaulting
                    subtype:  Tudor_architecture  a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
              subtype:  Romanesque_architecture__Romanesque  a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades
                 subtype:  Norman_architecture  a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
              subtype:  Moorish_architecture__Moorish  a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by the horseshoe (Moorish) arch
              subtype:  Victorian_architecture  a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation
           subtype:  sonata_form  a musical form having 3 sections -- exposition and development and recapitulation; characteristic of 1st movement of a sonata or symphony
        subtype:  style  a particular kind (as to appearance); "this style of shoe is in demand"
        subtype:  flavor__flavour  (high energy physics) the kinds of quarks and antiquarks
        subtype:  colour.quark__color  (high energy physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
        subtype:  species.kind__specie__variety  a specific kind of something: "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
        subtype:  genus.kind__genu  a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
        subtype:  make__brand  a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
        subtype:  genre.kind  a kind of literary or artistic work
        subtype:  ilk  a kind of person; "I don't like people of his ilk"
        subtype:  manner  a kind; "what manner of man are you?"
        subtype:  model  a type of product; "his car was an old model"
        subtype:  the_like__thelike__the_likes_of__thelikesof  a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we don't want the likes of you around here"
     subtype:  pigeonhole  a specific (often simplistic) category
     subtype:  rubric.category  category name; "it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'"
     subtype:  way.category  a general category of things; used in the expression "in the way of": "they didn't have much in the way of clothing"
  subtype:  rule__regulation  a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
     subtype:  restriction.rule__limitation  a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
        subtype:  quantification.restriction  a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
        subtype:  restraint.restriction  a rule or condition that limits freedom; "legal restraints"; "restraints imposed on imports"
     subtype:  guidepost__guideline__rule_of_thumb  a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior
     subtype:  cy_pres_doctrine__cy_pres__cypre__rule_of_cy_pres  a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as nearly as possible
     subtype:  working_principle__workingprinciple__working_rule__workingrule  a rule that is adequate to permit work to be done
  subtype:  abstract__abstraction  a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"
     subtype:  right  an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature: "they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights"; "Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people"- Eleanor Roosevelt; "a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away"
        subtype:  access.right  the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership)
        subtype:  advowson  the right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice
        subtype:  cabotage.right  the exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders
        subtype:  claim.right__title  an informal right to something: "his claim on her attentions"; "his title to fame"
        subtype:  due  that which is deserved or owed: "give the devil his due"
        subtype:  admittance__entree__access  the right to enter
           subtype:  door.admittance  anything providing a means of access (or escape); "we closed the door to Haitian immigrants"; "education is the door to success"
              subtype:  open_door  freedom of access; "he maintained an open door for all employees"
        subtype:  floor.right  the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
        subtype:  grant.right  a right or privilege that has been granted
        subtype:  human_right__humanright  any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
           subtype:  right_to_privacy  right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
           subtype:  right_to_life  the right to live
           subtype:  right_to_liberty  the right to be free
           subtype:  right_to_the_pursuit_of_happiness  the right to try to find happiness
           subtype:  freedom_of_thought  the right to hold unpopular ideas
           subtype:  equality_before_the_law  the right to equal protection of the laws
           subtype:  civil_right__civilright__civil_rights  right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
              subtype:  civil_liberty__civilliberty  fundamental individual right protected by law and expressed as immunity from unwarranted governmental interference
              subtype:  habeas_corpus  right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
              subtype:  freedom_of_religion  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_of_speech  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_of_the_press  guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_of_assembly  right peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances; guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_to_bear_arms  guaranteed by the 2nd amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_from_search_and_seizure__freedomfromsearchandseizure  guaranteed by the 4th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  right_to_due_process  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution; reaffirmed by the 14th amendment
              subtype:  freedom_from_self-incrimination__freedomfromselfincrimination  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_from_double_jeopardy  guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  right_to_speedy_and_public_trial_by_jury  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  right_to_an_attorney  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  right_to_confront_accusors  guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_from_cruel_and_unusual_punishment  guaranteed by the 8th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  freedom_from_involuntary_servitude  guaranteed by the 13th amendment to the US constitution
              subtype:  equal_protection_of_the_laws  guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
              subtype:  freedom_from_discrimination  freedom from discrimination on the basis of race or sex or nationality or religion or age; guaranteed by US Federal laws
              subtype:  equal_opportunity__equalopportunity  equivalent opportunities for employment regardless of race or color or sex or national origin
        subtype:  legal_right__legalright  a right based in law
           subtype:  compulsory_process  the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
           subtype:  preemption.legal_right__pre-emption__preemption  the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
           subtype:  title.legal_right__claim  an established or recognized right: "a strong legal claim to the property"; "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"; "he staked his claim"
              subtype:  own_right__ownright  by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved; "a peer in his own right"; "a leading sports figure in his own right": "a fine opera in its own right"
              subtype:  entitlement  right granted by law or contract esp to benefits
           subtype:  eminent_domain__eminentdomain  the right of the state to take private property for public use; the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution requires that just compensation be made
           subtype:  franchise.legal_right  a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the right to vote)
              subtype:  right_to_vote__vote__suffrage  a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920"
           subtype:  patent_right  the right granted by a patent; especially the exclusive right to an invention
           subtype:  right_of_election  in probate law: the legal right of a surviving spouse to elect to take either what the deceased spouse gave under the will or the share of the estate as set forth by statute
           subtype:  right_of_entry  the legal right to take possession of real estate in a peaceable manner
           subtype:  right_of_re-entry  the legal right to resume possession (a right that was reserved when a former possession was parted with)
           subtype:  right_of_privacy  a legal right (not explicitly provided in the US Constitution) to be left alone; the right to live life free from unwarranted publicity
           subtype:  use.legal_right__enjoyment  (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"
              subtype:  fair_use  the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
           subtype:  usufruct  a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way
           subtype:  copyright__rightoffirstpublication  a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
           subtype:  land_tenure__tenure  the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands
              subtype:  copyhold  a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
              subtype:  freehold  tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
              subtype:  villeinage  tenure by which a villein held land
        subtype:  preemption.right__pre-emption__preemption  the right to purchase something in advance of others
           subtype:  preemptive_right  the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest
           subtype:  subscription_right  the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public
        subtype:  prerogative__privilege__perquisite__exclusive_right__exclusiveright  a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males"
           subtype:  easement  (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)
              subtype:  public_easement__publiceasement  any easement enjoyed by the public in general (as the public's right to use public streets)
              subtype:  right_of_way.easement__rightofway  the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
           subtype:  privilege_of_the_floor  the right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in session
        subtype:  privilege  (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
           subtype:  attorney-client_privilege  the right of a lawyer to refuse to divulge confidential information from his client
           subtype:  informer's_privilege  the right of the government to refuse to reveal the identity of an informer
           subtype:  journalist's_privilege  the right of a journalist to refuse to divulge sources of confidential information
           subtype:  marital_communications_privilege__husband-wife_privilege  neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from the other while they were married
           subtype:  physician-patient_privilege__physicianpatientprivilege  the right of a physician to refuse to divulge confidential information from a patient without the consent of the patient
           subtype:  priest-penitent_privilege  the right of a clergyman to refuse to divulge confidential information received from a person during confession or similar exchanges
        subtype:  right_of_search  the right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them
        subtype:  right_of_way.right__rightofway  the right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another
        subtype:  states'_rights  the rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution
        subtype:  voting_right  the right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company
        subtype:  water_right__waterright__riparian_right  right of access to water
     subtype:  absolute  something that is conceived to be absolute; something that does not depends on anything else and is beyond human control; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
     subtype:  teacher  a personified abstraction that teaches; "books were his teachers"; "experience is a demanding teacher"
     subtype:  thing.abstract  a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
  subtype:  quantity  something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
     subtype:  quantum  (physics) the smallest quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
     subtype:  term.quantity  any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
     subtype:  numerical_quantity__numericalquantity  a quantity expressed as a number
        subtype:  zero_point__zero  the quantity that registers a reading of zero on a scale
        subtype:  value.numerical_quantity  a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
           subtype:  scale_value  a value on some scale of measurement
        subtype:  voter_turnout__voterturnout__vote  the total number of votes cast; "they are hoping for a large vote"
     subtype:  operand  a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
     subtype:  variable_quantity__variable  a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
        subtype:  independent_variable__independentvariable  a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
        subtype:  correlate  either of two correlated variables
        subtype:  degree_of_freedom  an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution
        subtype:  dependent_variable__dependentvariable  a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable; if f(x)=y, y is the dependent variable
        subtype:  random_variable__variate__variant__stochasticvariable__chance_variable  a variable quantity that is random
        subtype:  scalar  a variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components
        subtype:  tensor.variable_quantity  a generalization of the concept of a vector
        subtype:  vector  a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
           subtype:  vector_product__cross_product__crossproduct  a vector that is the product of two other vectors
           subtype:  vector_sum__resultant  a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors
           subtype:  radius_vector  a line connecting a point in space to the origin of a polar coordinate system
           subtype:  radius_vector.vector__radiusvector  a line connecting a satellite to the center of the body around which it is rotating
     subtype:  constant_quantity__constant  a quantity that does not vary
        subtype:  parametric_quantity__parameter  a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves
           subtype:  degree_of_freedom.parametric_quantity__degreeoffreedom  one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
     subtype:  parameter.quantity  a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
     subtype:  mathematical_product__product  a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6"
        subtype:  factorial  the product of all the integers up to and including a given integer; "1, 2, 6, 24, and 120 are factorials"
        subtype:  multiple  the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
           subtype:  double  a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
           subtype:  triple  a quantity that is three times as great as another
           subtype:  quadruple  a quantity that is four times as great as another
           subtype:  lowest_common_multiple__least_common_multiple__lcm  the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
     subtype:  total__sum  a quantity obtained by addition
        subtype:  polynomial  a mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms
           subtype:  monic_polynomial__monicpolynomial  a polynomial in one variable
           subtype:  quadratic_polynomial__quadraticpolynomial__quadratic  a polynomial of the second degree
           subtype:  biquadratic_polynomial__biquadraticpolynomial__biquadratic__quartic_polynomial__quarticpolynomial  a polynomial of the fourth degree
           subtype:  series.polynomial  (mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
              subtype:  power_series  the sum of terms containing successively higher integral powers of a variable
              subtype:  convergency  the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit
              subtype:  divergency__divergence  an infinite series that has no limit
              subtype:  geometric_series  a geometric progression written as a sum
              subtype:  Fourier_series  the sum of a series of trigonometric expressions; used in the analysis of periodic functions
              subtype:  exponential_series  a series derived from the expansion of an exponential expression
     subtype:  proportional  one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
     subtype:  quotient  a quantity obtained by division
     subtype:  difference.quantity  a quantity obtained by subtraction; "profit is a positive difference between income and expenses"
     subtype:  binomial  a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms
  subtype:  part__section__division  one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole: "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
     subtype:  beginning.part  the first part or section of something: "`It was a dark and stormy night' is a hackneyed beginning for a story"
     subtype:  middle  an intermediate part or section: "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
     subtype:  end.part  a final part or section: "we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus"; "Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end"
     subtype:  high_point  the most enjoyable part of a given experience; "the trumpet solo was the high point of the concert"
     subtype:  component.part__constituent__factor__ingredient  an abstract part of something: "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
        subtype:  mathematical_point__point  a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
           subtype:  point_of_intersection__intersection__intersection_point  a point where lines intersect
              subtype:  vertex  the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
           subtype:  intercept  the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
  subtype:  whole  all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
     subtype:  unit.whole  a single undivided whole; "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
        subtype:  one  a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
     subtype:  compound  a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
     subtype:  composite__complex  a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
        subtype:  hybrid  a composite of mixed origin; "the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices"
        subtype:  syndrome.composite  a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
  subtype:  natural_law__naturallaw__law  a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
     subtype:  divine_law  a law that is believed to come directly from God
     subtype:  principle.natural_law  a basic truth or law or assumption: "the principles of democracy"
        subtype:  dictate  a guiding principle: "the dictates of reason"
        subtype:  fundamentals__basics__fundamental_principle__fundamentalprinciple__basic_principle__basicprinciple__bedrock  principles from which other truths can be derived; "first you must learn the fundamentals"; "let's get down to basics"
           subtype:  first_rudiment__firstrudiment__rudiment__first_principle__firstprinciple__alphabet__ABC__ABC's__ABCs  the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered the rudiments of geometry"
        subtype:  logic.principle  the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war"
        subtype:  pleasure_principle__pleasure-pain_principle__pleasure-unpleasure_principle  (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id; the principle that an infant seeks gratification and fails to distinguish fantasy from reality
        subtype:  reality_principle__realityprinciple  (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego; the principle that as a child grows it becomes aware of the real environment and the need to accommodate to it
        subtype:  conservation.principle  (physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations
           subtype:  conservation_of_charge__conservation_of_electricity  the principle that the total electric charge of a system remains constant despite changes inside the system
           subtype:  law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics  the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
           subtype:  law_of_conservation_of_mass__lawofconservationofmas__conservationofmas__conservation_of_matter__law_of_conservation_of_matter  a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
           subtype:  conservation_of_momentum  the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
           subtype:  conservation_of_parity__parity__space-reflection_symmetry__mirror_symmetry  (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system
        instance:  Tao
     subtype:  sound_law__soundlaw  a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
        subtype:  Grimm's_law  a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
        subtype:  Verner's_law  a qualification of Grimm's law
  subtype:  law_of_nature__law  a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature: "the laws of thermodynamics"
     subtype:  all-or-none_law__allornonelaw  (neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
     subtype:  principle.law_of_nature__rule  a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system: "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields"
        subtype:  Le_Chatelier's_principle__Le_Chatelier's_law__Le_Chatelier_principle__Le_Chatelier-Braun_principle  the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change
        subtype:  Gresham's_Law  (economics) the principle that when two kinds of money having the same denominational value are in circulation the intrinsically more valuable money will be hoarded and the money of lower intrinsic value will circulate more freely until the intrinsically more valuable money is driven out of circulation; bad money drives out good; credited to Sir Thomas Gresham
        subtype:  Naegele's_rule  rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date
        subtype:  Occam's_Razor__Ockham's_Razor__principle_of_parsimony__law_of_parsimony  the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred
        subtype:  principle_of_equivalence  (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference
        subtype:  principle_of_liquid_displacement  (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid
        subtype:  Huygens'_principle_of_superposition__principle_of_superposition  the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point; "the principle of superposition is the basis of the wave theory of light"
        subtype:  mass-action_principle__mass_action  (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning
        subtype:  localization_of_function__localisation_of_function__localization_principle__localisation_principle__localization__localisation  (neurology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in the cortex of the brain
           subtype:  lateralization__lateralisation__laterality  localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain
     subtype:  Archimedes'_principle__law_of_Archimedes  (hydrostatics) the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
     subtype:  Avogadro's_law__Avogadro's_hypothesis  the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules
     subtype:  Bernoulli's_law__law_of_large_numbers  (statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
     subtype:  Bose-Einstein_statistics  (physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
     subtype:  Boyle's_law__Mariotte's_law  the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
     subtype:  Coulomb's_Law  a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
     subtype:  Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures__Dalton's_law__law_of_partial_pressures  (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
     subtype:  distribution_law  (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
        subtype:  Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution_law__Boltzmann_distribution_law  (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium
     subtype:  equilibrium_law__law_of_chemical_equilibrium  (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
     subtype:  Fechner's_law__Weber-Fechner_law  (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
     subtype:  Fermi-Dirac_statistics  (physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
     subtype:  Gay-Lussac's_law__Charles'_law__law_of_volumes  the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature
     subtype:  Henry's_law  (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
     subtype:  Hooke's_law  (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
     subtype:  Hubble's_law__Hubble_law  (astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
     subtype:  Kepler's_law_of_planetary_motion__Kepler's_law  (astronomy) one of three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler
        subtype:  Kepler's_first_law  a law stating that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
        subtype:  Kepler's_second_law__law_of_areas__law_of_equal_areas  a law concerning the speed at which planets travel; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times; "Kepler's second law means that a planet's orbital speed changes with its distance from the sun"
        subtype:  Kepler's_third_law__harmonic_law  a law stating that the ratio of the square of the revolutionary period (in years) to the cube of the orbital axis (in astronomical units) is the same for all planets
     subtype:  Kirchhoff's_laws  (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: (1) the sum of all the currents at a point is zero; (2) the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
     subtype:  law_of_averages  a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
     subtype:  law_of_constant_proportion__law_of_definite_proportions  (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
     subtype:  law_of_diminishing_returns  a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
     subtype:  law_of_effect  (psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
     subtype:  law_of_equivalent_proportions__law_of_reciprocal_proportions  (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together
     subtype:  Newton's_law_of_gravitation__newton'slawofgravitation__law_of_gravitation  (physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
     subtype:  law_of_multiple_proportions__Dalton's_law  (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
     subtype:  law_of_mass_action  (chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
     subtype:  law_of_thermodynamics  (physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
        subtype:  second_law_of_thermodynamics  a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature; any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
        subtype:  third_law_of_thermodynamics  law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero
        subtype:  zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics  the law that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then the first two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other
        subtype:  law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics  the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
     subtype:  Mendel's_law  (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
        subtype:  law_of_segregation  members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
        subtype:  law_of_independent_assortment  each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
     subtype:  Newton's_law_of_motion__Newton's_law__law_of_motion  one of three basic laws of classical mechanics
        subtype:  Newton's_first_law_of_motion__first_law_of_motion__Newton's_first_law  a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
        subtype:  Newton's_second_law_of_motion__second_law_of_motion__Newton's_second_law  the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force
        subtype:  Newton's_third_law_of_motion__third_law_of_motion__Newton's_third_law__law_of_action_and_reaction  action and reaction are equal and opposite
     subtype:  Ohm's_law  electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
     subtype:  Pascal's_law_of_fluid_pressures__Pascal's_law  pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid; "the hydraulic press is an application of Pascal's law"
     subtype:  Pauli_exclusion_principle__exclusion_principle  no two electrons or protons or neutrons in a given system can be in states characterized by the same set of quantum numbers
     subtype:  periodic_law__Mendeleev's_law  (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
     subtype:  Planck's_law  (physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is give by Planck's constant
     subtype:  Planck's_radiation_law  (physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
     subtype:  principle_of_relativity  (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
     subtype:  Weber's_law  (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus; "Weber's law explains why you don't notice your headlights are on in the daytime"
  subtype:  lexicalized_concept__lexicalizedconcept  a concept that is expressed by a word (in some particular language)
  subtype:  hypothesis.concept__possibility  a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
     subtype:  theoretical_account__theoreticalaccount__model__framework  a simplified description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
        subtype:  computer_simulation__simulation  (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
        subtype:  mean_sun  a theoretical sun that moves along the celestial equator at a constant speed and completes its annual course in the same amount of time the real sun takes at variable speeds
        subtype:  Copernican_system  Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun
        subtype:  Ptolemaic_system  Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center
        subtype:  stochastic_process  a statistical process involving a number of random variables depending on a variable parameter (which is usually time)
           subtype:  Markov_process__Markoff_process  a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
              subtype:  Markov_chain__Markoff_chain  a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
           subtype:  stationary_stochastic_process  a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
        subtype:  graph_model
           subtype:  Conceptual_Graph_model
           subtype:  RDF_model
        subtype:  KADS_model
           subtype:  KADS1_model
              subtype:  KADS1_layer_of_Model_of_Expertise
                 subtype:  KADS1_inference_layer
                 subtype:  KADS1_task_layer
                 subtype:  KADS1_domain_layer
              subtype:  KADS1_Model_of_Expertise
                 subtype:  KADS1_model_of_problem_solving_expertise
                 subtype:  KADS1_model_of_communication_expertise
                 subtype:  KADS1_model_of_cooperation_expertise
                 subtype:  KADS1_strategy_layer
              subtype:  KADS1_Conceptual_Model
     subtype:  speculation  a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence); "speculations about the outcome of the election"; "he dismissed it as mere conjecture"
     subtype:  supposal__assumption__supposition  a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
        subtype:  conclusion  an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion"
           subtype:  non_sequitur.conclusion__nonsequitur  (logic) a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
        subtype:  fundament__basis__basi__base__foundation__groundwork__cornerstone  the fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
        subtype:  given__presumption  an assumption that is taken for granted
        subtype:  basic_assumption__basicassumption__constatation__self-evident_truth  an assumption that is basic to an argument
  subtype:  fact.concept  a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
  subtype:  theory  a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
     subtype:  reductionism.theory  a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
     subtype:  blastogenesis__blastogenesi  theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm
     subtype:  theory_of_preformation__preformation  a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
     subtype:  scientific_theory  a theory that explains scientific observations; "scientific theories must be falsifiable"
        subtype:  big-bang_theory__big_bang_theory  (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
        subtype:  nebular_hypothesis  the theory that the solar system evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
        subtype:  planetesimal_hypothesis  the theory that the solar system was formed by the gravitational accumulation of planetesimals
        subtype:  Newton's_theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravity__gravitational_theory__gravitationaltheory  (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
        subtype:  organicism  theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes
        subtype:  atomic_theory  a theory in which matter consists of atoms
        subtype:  atomic_theory.scientific_theory__atomictheory  a theory of the structure of the atom
           subtype:  Bohr_theory  (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
           subtype:  Rutherford_atom  first modern concept of atomic structure; all of the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are contained in a compact nucleus; a number of electrons (equal to the atomic number) occupy the rest of the volume of the atom and neutralize the positive charge
        subtype:  cell_theory  (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
        subtype:  wave_theory_of_light__wave_theory__undulatory_theory  the theory that light is transmitted as waves
        subtype:  corpuscular_theory_of_light__corpuscular_theory__corpusculartheory  the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
        subtype:  kinetic_theory_of_gases__kinetictheoryofgase__kinetic_theory__kinetictheory  a theory that gases consist of small particles in random movement
           subtype:  kinetic_theory_of_heat  a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
        subtype:  Einstein's_theory_of_relativity__relativity__theory_of_relativity__relativity_theory  (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
           subtype:  general_relativity_theory__general_relativity__generalrelativity__general_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_general_theory_of_relativity  a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
           subtype:  special_relativity_theory__special_relativity__specialrelativity__special_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_special_theory_of_relativity  a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
        subtype:  supersymmetry  a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang"
        subtype:  quantum_theory__quantumtheory  a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
        subtype:  uncertainty_principle__uncertaintyprinciple__indeterminacy_principle__indeterminacyprinciple  the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
        subtype:  germ_theory  the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
        subtype:  information_theory__informationtheory  a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
        subtype:  Arrhenius_theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_electrolytic_dissociation  (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
        subtype:  theory_of_evolution__theory_of_organic_evolution  (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
           subtype:  Darwinism  a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
              subtype:  Neo-Darwinism  a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
           subtype:  Lamarckism  a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
              subtype:  Neo-Lamarckism  a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
        subtype:  Ostwald's_theory_of_indicators__theory_of_indicators  (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
        subtype:  theory_of_inheritance  a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
           subtype:  Mendelism__Mendelianism  the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
        subtype:  game_theory__theory_of_games  a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
     subtype:  economic_theory  (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
        subtype:  consumerism.economic_theory  the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
        subtype:  Keynesianism  the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment
        subtype:  liberalism.economic_theory  an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard
        subtype:  Malthusianism__Malthusian_theory  Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence
        subtype:  monetarism  an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money
     subtype:  structural_sociology__structuralism  a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
     subtype:  structural_anthropology__structuralism  an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
  subtype:  linguistic_rule__rule  a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
     subtype:  grammatical_rule__grammaticalrule__ruleofgrammar  a linguistic rule for the syntax of grammatical utterances

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