#cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
supertype: process (pm) process (sumo)
subtype: basic_cognitive_process__basiccognitiveproces cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge
subtype: attending__attention the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
subtype: heed__attentiveness__attentivenes__paying_attention paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people); "his attentiveness to her wishes"; "he spends without heed to the consequences"
subtype: advertence__advertency the process of being heedful
subtype: clock-watching__clockwatching paying excessive attention to the clock (in anticipation of stopping work)
subtype: ear.attending attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
subtype: eye.attending attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
subtype: observance__notice__observation the act of noticing or paying attention; "he escaped the notice of the police"
subtype: mind.observance attention; "don't pay him any mind"
subtype: remark__observation explicit notice; "it passed without remark"
subtype: notice.attending polite or favorable attention; "his hard work soon attracted the teacher's notice"
subtype: inattention lack of attention
subtype: heedlessness__inattentiveness a lack of attentiveness (as to children or helpless people)
subtype: distraction.inattention an obstacle to attention
subtype: neglect__disregard lack of attention and due care
subtype: omission.neglect neglecting to do something; leaving out or passing over something
subtype: inadvertence__oversight an unintentional omission resulting from failure to notice something
subtype: pretermission__disregard letting pass without notice
subtype: exception.omission__elision a deliberate act of omission; "with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news"
subtype: intuition instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)
subtype: feeling.intuition an intuitive understanding of something; "he had a great feeling for music"
subtype: gnosis intuitive knowledge of spiritual truths; said to have been possessed by ancient Gnostics
subtype: sixth_sense__sixthsense__insight grasping the inner nature of things intuitively
subtype: immediate_apprehension__immediateapprehension__immediacy immediate intuitive awareness
subtype: inspiration.intuition a sudden intuition as part of solving a problem
subtype: perception the process of perceiving
subtype: constancy the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation
subtype: brightness_constancy the tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination
subtype: color_constancy__colour_constancy the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions
subtype: shape_constancy the tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle (and consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: size_constancy the tendency to perceive the veridical size of a familiar object despite differences in their distance (and consequent differences in the size of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: detection__sensing the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; "early detection can often lead to a cure"
subtype: visual_perception__beholding__seeing perception by means of the eyes
subtype: contrast.visual_perception the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
subtype: face_recognition the visual perception of familiar faces
subtype: object_recognition the visual perception of familiar objects
subtype: visual_space the visual perception of space
subtype: optical_fusion__opticalfusion__fusion the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept
subtype: auditory_perception__sound_perception__soundperception the perception of sound as a meaningful phenomenon
subtype: speech_perception the auditory perception (and comprehension) of speech
subtype: musical_perception__musicalperception the auditory perception of musical sounds
subtype: melody__tonal_pattern__tonalpattern the perception of pleasant arrangements of musical notes
subtype: somesthesia__somatesthesia__somatic_sensation the perception of tactual or proprioceptive or gut sensations; "he relied on somesthesia to warn him of pressure changes"
subtype: feeling.somesthesia a physical sensation that you experience; "he had a queasy feeling"; "I had a strange feeling in my leg"; "he lost all feeling in his arm"
subtype: prickling__tingle__tingling a prickling somatic sensation as from many tiny pricks
subtype: pins_and_needles a sharp tingling sensation from lack of circulation
subtype: pressure_sensation__pressure the somatic sensation of pressure; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal"
subtype: painful_sensation__painfulsensation__pain a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain"
subtype: mittelschmerz pain in the area of the ovary that is felt at the time of ovulation (usually midway through the menstrual cycle)
subtype: phantom_limb_pain pain felt by an amputee that seems to be located in the missing limb
subtype: twinge a sharp stab of pain
subtype: temperature.somesthesia the somatic sensation of cold or heat
subtype: heat__warmth the sensation caused by heat energy
subtype: cold__coldness the sensation produced by low temperatures; "he shivered from the cold"; "the cold helped clear his head"
subtype: comfort_zone__comfortzone the temperature range (between 28 and 30 degrees Centigrade) at which the naked human body is able to maintain a heat balance without shivering or sweating
subtype: touch_sensation__touch__tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactile_sensation__tactilesensation__feeling the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin; "she likes the touch of silk on her skin"; "the surface had a greasy feeling"
subtype: cutaneous_sensation__cutaneoussensation__haptic_sensation__skin_sensation a sensation localized on the skin
subtype: tickle a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking
subtype: itchiness__itchines__itching an irritating cutaneous sensation that produces a desire to scratch
subtype: pruritus an intense itching sensation that can have various causes (as by allergies or infection or lymphoma or jaundice etc.)
subtype: pruritus_ani chronic itching of the skin around the anus
subtype: pruritus_vulvae persistent itching of the external female genitalia
subtype: topognosia__topognosis recognition of the location of a stimulus on the skin
subtype: apperception the process whereby perceived qualities of an object are related to past experience
subtype: believing the cognitive process that leads to convictions; "seeing is believing"
subtype: doublethink believing two contradictory ideas at the same time
subtype: classification.basic_cognitive_process__categorization__categorisation__sorting the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories
subtype: appraisal__assessment the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
subtype: critical_appraisal__critical_analysis an appraisal based on careful analytical evaluation
subtype: critique__criticism a serious examination and judgment of something; "constructive criticism is always appreciated"
subtype: examen a critical study (as of a writer's work)
subtype: knock.critique__roast negative criticism
subtype: self-criticism criticism of yourself
subtype: valuation__evaluation__rating an appraisal of the value of something
subtype: overvaluation too high a value or price assigned to something
subtype: undervaluation too low a value or price assigned to something
subtype: pricing the evaluation of something in terms of its price
subtype: price_gouging__pricegouging pricing above the market when no alternative retailer is available
subtype: reevaluation the evaluation of something a second time (or more)
subtype: mark.valuation__grade__score a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); "she made good marks in algebra"; "grade A milk"; "what was your score on your homework?"
subtype: percentile__centile (statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total
subtype: decile (statistics) any of nine points that divided a distribution of ranked scores into equal intervals where each interval contains one-tenth of the scores
subtype: quartile (statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores
subtype: bond_rating an evaluation by a rating company of the probability that a particular bond issue will default; bonds of the highest quality are said to have AAA ratings
subtype: assay an appraisal of the state of affairs; "they made an assay of the contents"; "a check on its dependability under stress"
subtype: diagnostic_test__test__diagnostic_assay an assay conducted for diagnostic purposes
subtype: biopsy examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease
subtype: blood_test__bloodtest a serologic analysis of a sample of blood
subtype: agglutination_test__agglutinationtest a blood test used to identify unknown antigens; blood with the unknown antigen is mixed with a known antibody and whether or not agglutination occurs helps to identify the antigen; used in tissue matching and blood grouping and diagnosis of infections
subtype: heterophil_test__heterophiltest a blood test to detect heterophil antibodies that agglutinate sheep red blood cells; positive result indicates infectious mononucleosis
subtype: Widal_test__Widal's_test a test for detecting typhoid fever and other salmonella infections
subtype: complement_fixation_test a blood test in which a sample of serum is exposed to a particular antigen and complement in order to determine whether or not antibodies to that particular antigen are present; used as a diagnostic test
subtype: Wassermann_test__wassermanntest__Wasserman_reaction__Wassermann a blood test to detect syphilis; a complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies to the syphilis organism treponema; a positive reaction indicates the presence of antibodies and therefore syphilis infection
subtype: PSA_blood_test a blood test that measures levels of a protein called prostate specific antigen that is manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; men with prostate problems usually have elevated levels of PSA
subtype: chorionic_villus_sampling__chorionic_villus_biopsy a prenatal test to detect birth defects at an early stage of pregnancy; tissue from the chorionic villi is assayed
subtype: needle_biopsy biopsy of deep tissue that is obtained through a hollow needle
subtype: cloze_procedure__clozeprocedure__cloze_test__clozetest a test for diagnosing reading ability; words are deleted from a prose passage and the reader is required to fill in the blanks
subtype: fecal_occult_test__faecal_occult_test__stool_test__stooltest a take-home test in which you collect specimens of your stool that are tested for traces of blood; used to detect colorectal cancers
subtype: GI_series diagnostic tests of the alimentary canal; usually involves inserting a contrast medium (such as barium sulfate) and taking an X-ray
subtype: glucose_tolerance_test__glucosetolerancetest test of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates; used in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus
subtype: Pap_test__Papanicolaou_test__smear_test__smeartest a method of examining stained cells in a cervical smear for early diagnosis of uterine cancer
subtype: PKU_test a test of newborn infants for phenylketonuria
subtype: Queckenstedt's_test a test to determine whether there is a blockage of the spinal canal
subtype: radioactive_iodine_test test of thyroid function in which the patient is give an oral does of radioactive iodine-131
subtype: radioactive_iodine_excretion_test radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine excreted in the urine
subtype: radioactive_iodine_uptake_test__RAIU radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland
subtype: Rubin_test test to determine the patency of the Fallopian tubes
subtype: skin_test any test to determine immunity or sensitivity to a disease by introducing small amounts on or into the skin
subtype: Dick_test a skin test to determine your susceptibility to scarlet fever
subtype: patch_test__patchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity by applying small pads soaked with allergen to the unbroken skin
subtype: Schick_test a skin test for immunity to diphtheria
subtype: scratch_test__scratchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity to various substances by applying them to scratches in the skin
subtype: tuberculin_test__tuberculin_skin_test a skin test to determine past or present infection with the tuberculosis bacterium; based on hypersensitivity of the skin to tuberculin
subtype: Mantoux_test tuberculin (a derivative of tubercle bacillus) is injected intradermally; a red area appearing 1-3 days later signifies an exposure (past or present) to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: tine_test a tuberculin test in which a disk with several tines bearing tuberculin antigen is used to puncture the skin; development of a hard red area indicates past or present exposure to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: intradermal_test__intradermaltest__subcutaneous_test a form of skin test in which the suspected allergen is injected into the skin
subtype: tissue_typing a series of diagnostic tests before an organ transplant to determine whether the tissues of a donor and recipient are compatible
subtype: Apgar_score an assessment of the physical condition of a newborn infant; involves heart rate and muscle tone and respiratory effort and color and reflex responsiveness
subtype: bioassay appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard
subtype: immunoassay__immunochemical_assay identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen; "PSA in the blood can be measured with an immunochemical assay"
subtype: radioimmunoassay immunoassay of a substance that has been radioactively labeled
subtype: paternity_test__paternitytest a test based on blood groups to determine whether a particular man could be the biological father of a particular child; negative results prove he was not the father but positive results show only that he could be
subtype: pregnancy_test__pregnancytest a physiological test to determine whether a person is pregnant
subtype: Friedman_test__rabbit_test pregnancy test that involves injecting some of the woman's urine into an unmated female rabbit and later examining the ovaries of the rabbit; presence of corpora lutea indicates that the woman is pregnant
subtype: Snellen_test a test of visual acuity using a Snellen chart
subtype: stress_test a test measuring how the system functions when subjected to controlled amounts of stress
subtype: treadmill_test__treadmilltest a stress test in which the patient walks on a moving treadmill while the heart and breathing rates are monitored
subtype: acid_test a rigorous or crucial appraisal
subtype: reappraisal__revaluation__review__reassessment a new appraisal or evaluation
subtype: stocktaking reappraisal of a situation or position or outlook
subtype: underevaluation an appraisal that underestimates the value of something
subtype: attribution__ascription assigning to a cause or source
subtype: animatism the attribution of consciousness and personality to natural phenomena such as thunderstorms and earthquakes and to objects such as plants and stones
subtype: imputation the attribution to a source or cause; "the imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken seriously"
subtype: externalization__externalisation attributing to outside causes
subtype: cross-classification__crossclassification__cross-division__crossdivision classification according to more than one attribute at the same time; "the cross-classification of cases was done by age and sex"
subtype: subsumption incorporating something under a more general category
subtype: discrimination__secernment the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished
subtype: differentiation.discrimination__distinction a discrimination between things as different and distinct; "it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation"
subtype: contradistinction a distinction drawn on the basis of contrast; "sculpture in contradistinction to painting"
subtype: dividing_line__line__demarcation a conceptual separation or demarcation: "there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity"
subtype: point_of_no_return__Rubicon a line that when crossed permits of no return and typically results in irrevocable commitment
subtype: hairsplitting__word-splitting making too fine distinctions of little importance; "they didn't take his hairsplitting seriously"
subtype: individualization__individuation discriminating the individual from the generic group or species
subtype: taste.discrimination__appreciation__discernment__perceptivenes delicate discrimination (especially of aesthetic values); "arrogance and lack of taste contributed to his rapid success"; "to ask at that particular time was the ultimate in bad taste"
subtype: connoisseurship__vertu love of or taste for fine objects of art
subtype: vogue__trend__style the popular taste at a given time; "leather is the latest vogue"; "he followed current trends"; "the 1920s had a style of their own"
subtype: fashion.vogue the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior
subtype: cult_of_personality intense devotion to a particular person
subtype: cut.fashion the style in which a garment is cut; "a dress of traditional cut"
subtype: haute_couture__hautecouture__high_fashion__high_style trend-setting fashions
subtype: fad__craze__furor__furore__cult__rage an interest followed with exaggerated zeal: "he always follows the latest fads"; "it was all the rage that season"
subtype: retro a fashion reminiscent of the past
subtype: bandwagon.vogue a popular trend that attracts growing support; "when they saw how things were going everybody jumped on the bandwagon"
subtype: delicacy__discretion refined taste; tact
subtype: culture.taste the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
subtype: counterculture a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture
subtype: flower_power a counterculture of young people in the US during the 1960s and 70s
subtype: mass_culture the culture that is widely disseminated via the mass media
subtype: letters__letter the literary culture; "this book shows American letters at its best"
subtype: learning__acquisition the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; "the child's acquisition of language"
subtype: study__work applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
subtype: internalization__internalisation__incorporation learning (of values or attitudes etc.) that is incorporated within yourself
subtype: introjection (psychology) unconscious internalization of aspects of the world (especially aspects of persons) within the self in such a way that the internalized representation takes over the psychological functions of the external objects
subtype: introjection.internalization (psychoanalysis) the internalization of the parent figures and their values; leads to the formation of the superego
subtype: imprinting a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
subtype: language_learning learning to use a language
subtype: audio_lingual_acquisition__audiolingualacquisition system of language acquisition focusing intensively on listening and speaking
subtype: memorization__memorisation__committal_to_memory learning so as to be able to remember verbatim; "the actor's memorization of his lines"
subtype: rote_learning__rote memorization by repetition
subtype: developmental_learning__developmentallearning learning that takes place as a normal part of cognitive development
subtype: accommodation.developmental_learning in the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality
subtype: assimilation in the theories of Jean Piaget: the application of a general schema to a particular instance
subtype: transfer_of_training__transfer__carry-over__carryover__generalization__generalisation generalization of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation
subtype: education.learning the gradual process of acquiring knowledge; "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
subtype: acculturation__assimilation the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
subtype: mastering.education becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of; "his mastering the art of cooking took a long time"
subtype: self-education__self-cultivation the process of educating yourself
subtype: school.education__schooling the process of being formally educated at a school; "what will you do when you finish school?"
subtype: special_education__specialeducation education of physically or mentally handicapped children whose needs cannot be met in an ordinary classroom
subtype: vocational_training__vocational_education training for a specific vocation in industry or agriculture or trade
subtype: conditioning a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment
subtype: aversive_conditioning conditioning to avoid an aversive stimulus
subtype: classical_conditioning__classicalconditioning conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex; the stimulus that evokes the reflex is given whether or not the conditioned response occurs until eventually the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the reflex
subtype: operant_conditioning__operantconditioning conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
subtype: instrumental_conditioning operant conditioning that pairs a response with a reinforcement in discrete trials; reinforcement occurs only after the response is given
subtype: experimental_extinction__extinction a learning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
subtype: learning
subtype: face-to-face_learning
subtype: distance_learning
subtype: e-learning__elearning__electronic_learning__electroniclearning
subtype: web-based_learning__webbasedlearning
subtype: e-learning_with_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: ubiquitous-learning
subtype: e-learning_with_not_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: mobile_learning
subtype: e-learning_with_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: mobile_learning
subtype: ubiquitous-learning
subtype: RTRP_e-learning__right_time_right_place_e-learning
subtype: ATAP_e-learning__any_time_any_place_e-learning
subtype: e-learning_with_not_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: blended_learning__blendedlearning
subtype: adaptive_learning
subtype: remembering__memory the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed remembering his father"
subtype: short-term_memory__STM__immediate_memory__immediatememory what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it
subtype: working_memory__workingmemory memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking
subtype: long-term_memory__LTM your general store of remembered information
subtype: episodic_memory__personal_memory memory for episodes in your own life
subtype: semantic_memory your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
subtype: motor_memory__motormemory__muscle_memory your memory for motor skills
subtype: retrieval the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory; "my retrieval of people's names is very poor"
subtype: recall.remembering__recollection__reminiscence the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
subtype: mind.recall recall or remembrance; "it came to mind"
subtype: reconstruction.recall recall via mental reconstruction
subtype: recognition__identification the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering
subtype: identity collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is recognizable or known
subtype: speaker_identification__speakeridentification__talker_identification identification of a person from the sound of their voice
subtype: association.remembering__connection__connexion the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination; "conditioning is a form of learning by association"
subtype: colligation the connection of isolated facts by a general hypothesis
subtype: inductive_reasoning__inductivereasoning__generalization__generalisation__induction reasoning from detailed facts to general principles
subtype: retrospection memory for experiences that are past; "some psychologists tried to contrast retrospection and introspection"
subtype: representational_process any basic cognitive process in which some entity comes to stand for or represent something else
subtype: typification__exemplification a representational or typifying form or model
subtype: depicting__depiction__portraying__portrayal a representation by picture or portraiture
subtype: mirror.depicting a faithful depiction or reflection; "the best mirror is an old friend"
subtype: anthropomorphism__theanthropism the representation of objects (especially a god) as having human form or traits
subtype: imaging__imagination__mental_imagery the ability to form mental images of things or events; "he could still hear her in his imagination"
subtype: mind's_eye the imaging of remembered or invented scenes; "I could see her clearly in my mind's eye"
subtype: vision a vivid mental image; "he had a vision of his own death"
subtype: retrovision a vision of events in the distant past
subtype: picturing__envisioning visual imagery
subtype: dream a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night"
subtype: nightmare a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream
subtype: wet_dream an erotic dream (usually at night) accompanied by the (nocturnal) emission of semen
subtype: chimera a grotesque product of the imagination
subtype: evocation imaginative re-creation
subtype: pretense__pretence__make-believe imaginative intellectual play
subtype: higher_cognitive_process cognitive processes that presuppose the availability of knowledge and put it to use
subtype: search.higher_cognitive_process the examination of alternative hypotheses; "his search for a move that would avoid checkmate was unsuccessful"
subtype: hunt an instance of searching for something; "the hunt for submarines"
subtype: pursuit__quest a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria; "the pursuit of love"; "life is more than the pursuance of fame"; "a quest for wealth"
subtype: thinking__thought__cerebration__intellection__mentation the process of thinking (especially thinking carefully); "thinking always made him frown"; "she paused for thought"
subtype: free_association a thought process in which ideas (words or images) suggest other ideas in a sequence
subtype: mental_synthesis__construction the creation of a construct; the process of combining ideas into a congruous object of thought
subtype: reasoning__logical_thinking__logicalthinking__abstract_thought thinking that is coherent and logical
subtype: analytic_thinking__analysis the abstract separation of a whole into its constituent parts for study
subtype: partitioning__breakdown an analysis into mutually exclusive categories
subtype: resolving__resolution analysis into clear-cut components
subtype: factorization__factorisation__factoring (mathematics) the resolution of an integer or polynomial into factors such that when multiplied together they give the integer or polynomial
subtype: diagonalization__diagonalisation (matrix algebra) changing a square matrix to diagonal form (with all non-zero elements on the principal diagonal); "the diagonalization of a normal matrix by a unitary transformation"
subtype: cost-benefit_analysis an analysis of the cost effectiveness of different alternatives in order to see whether the benefits outweigh the costs
subtype: dissection.analytic_thinking a minute and critical analysis
subtype: reasoning_by_elimination__elimination analysis of a problem into alternative possibilities followed by the systematic elimination of unacceptable alternatives
subtype: reductionism the analysis of complex things into simpler constituents
subtype: systems_analysis analysis of all aspects of a project along with ways to collect information about the operation of its parts
subtype: argumentation__logical_argument__logicalargument__line_of_reasoning__line methodical reasoning; "I can't follow your line of reasoning"
subtype: line_of_inquiry__line_of_questioning__lineofquestioning an ordering of questions so as to develop a particular argument
subtype: casuistry.argumentation argumentation that is specious or excessively subtle and intended to be misleading
subtype: policy a line of argument rationalizing the course of action of a government; "they debated the policy or impolicy of the proposed legislation"
subtype: plank an endorsed policy in the platform of a political party
subtype: economic_policy a government policy for maintaining economic growth and tax revenues
subtype: fiscal_policy a government policy for dealing with the budget (especially with taxation and borrowing)
subtype: New_Deal the economic policy of F. D. Roosevelt
subtype: control.economic_policy the economic policy of controlling or limiting or curbing prices or wages etc.; "they wanted to repeal all the legislation that imposed economic controls"
subtype: price_control__pricecontrol restriction on maximum prices that is established and maintained by the government (as during periods of war or inflation)
subtype: ceiling.control__cap an upper limit on what is allowed: "they established a cap for prices"
subtype: floor.control__base a lower limit: "the government established a wage floor"
subtype: price_floor floor below which prices are not allowed to fall; "the government used price supports to maintain the price floor"
subtype: wage_floor floor below which wages are not allowed to fall
subtype: perestroika an economic policy adopted in the former Soviet Union; intended to increase automation and labor efficiency but it led eventually to the end of central planning in the Russian economy
subtype: protectionism the policy of imposing duties or quotas on imports in order to protect home industries from overseas competition
subtype: trade_barrier__tradebarrier__import_barrier any regulation or policy that restricts international trade
subtype: quota.trade_barrier a limitation on imports; "the quota for Japanese imports was negotiated"
subtype: trade_embargo__tradeembargo__embargo__trade_stoppage__tradestoppage a government order imposing a trade barrier
subtype: social_policy a policy of for dealing with social issues
subtype: apartheid the former official policy of racial segregation in South Africa
subtype: glasnost a policy of the Soviet government allowing freer discussion of social problems
subtype: social_action a policy of socioeconomic reform
subtype: affirmative_action__affirmativeaction a policy designed to redress past discrimination against women and minority groups through measures to improve their economic and educational opportunities; "affirmative action has been extremely controversial and was challenged in 1978 in the Bakke decision"
subtype: nativism.social_policy the policy of perpetuating native cultures (in opposition to acculturation)
subtype: party_line.policy__partyline the policy of a political group; "He won in a vote along party lines"
subtype: foreign_policy__foreignpolicy a policy governing international relations
subtype: brinkmanship the policy of pushing a dangerous situation to the brink of disaster (to the limits of safety)
subtype: imperialism.foreign_policy a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries
subtype: manifest_destiny a policy of imperialism rationalized as inevitable (as if granted by God)
subtype: intervention.foreign_policy__interference a policy of intervening in the affairs of other countries
subtype: nonintervention__noninterference a foreign policy of staying out of other countries' disputes
subtype: nonaggression a policy of not initiating hostilities; "they signed a nonaggression pact"
subtype: isolationism a policy of nonparticipation in international economic and political relations
subtype: Monroe_doctrine an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers
subtype: Truman_doctrine President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology
subtype: neutralism a policy of neutrality or nonalignment in international affairs
subtype: trade_policy__tradepolicy__nationaltradingpolicy a government's policy controlling foreign trade
subtype: open-door_policy__open_door the policy of granting equal trade opportunities to all countries
subtype: Zionism a policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine
subtype: conjecture reasoning that involves the formation of conclusions from incomplete evidence
subtype: theorization__theorisation the production or use of theories
subtype: ideology imaginary or visionary theorization
subtype: generalisation__abstraction the process of formulating general concepts by abstracting common properties of instances
subtype: supposition the cognitive process of supposing
subtype: presupposition the act of presupposing; a supposition made prior to having knowledge (as for the purpose of argument)
subtype: deductive_reasoning__deductivereasoning__deduction__synthesis__synthesi reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)
subtype: syllogism deductive reasoning in which a conclusion is derived from two premises
subtype: inference__illation the reasoning involved in making a logical judgment on the basis of circumstantial evidence and prior conclusions rather than on the basis of direct observation
subtype: analogy.inference an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others
subtype: corollary (logic) an inference that follows directly from the proof of another proposition
subtype: derivation.inference a line of reasoning that shows how a conclusion follows logically from accepted propositions
subtype: entailment__deduction__implication something that is inferred (deduced or entailed or implied); "his resignation had political implications"
subtype: presumption.inference (law) an inference of the truth of a fact from other facts proved or admitted or judicially noticed
subtype: prediction__anticipation__prevision the act of predicting (as by reasoning about the future)
subtype: projection.prediction a prediction made by extrapolating from past observations
subtype: prognostication__vaticination knowledge of the future (usually said to be obtained from a divine source)
subtype: crystal_gazing__crystalgazing staring into a crystal ball to arouse visions of future or distant events
subtype: prevision a prophetic vision (as in a dream)
subtype: divination__foretelling__fortune_telling__fortunetelling prophecy (or the pretense of prophecy) by supernatural means
subtype: dowse__dowsing__rhabdomancy searching for underground water or minerals by using a dowsing rod
subtype: geomancy divination by means of signs connected with the earth (as points taken at random or the arrangement of particles thrown down at random or from the configuration of a region and its relation to another)
subtype: hydromancy divination by water (as by patterns seen in the ebb and flow of the tides)
subtype: lithomancy divination by means of stones or stone talismans
subtype: necromancy conjuring up the dead, especially for prophesying
subtype: onomancy divination by the letters of a name
subtype: palmistry__palmreading__chirology telling fortunes by lines on the palm of the hand
subtype: pyromancy divination by fire or flames
subtype: prefiguration__foreshadowing__adumbration providing vague advance indications
subtype: ratiocination logical and methodical reasoning
subtype: reasoning_backward__reasoningbackward__regress__regres the reasoning involved when you assume the conclusion is true and reason backward to the evidence
subtype: synthesis__synthesi__synthetic_thinking__syntheticthinking the combination of ideas into a complex whole
subtype: line_of_thought a particular way of thinking that is characteristic of some individual or group
subtype: train_of_thought__thread the connections that link the various parts of an event or argument together; "I couldn't follow his train of thought"; "he lost the thread of his argument"
subtype: cogitation__study attentive scrutiny and thought; "after much cogitation he rejected the offer"
subtype: lucubration laborious cogitation
subtype: mysticism obscure or irrational thought
subtype: ideation the process of forming and relating ideas
subtype: consideration the process of giving careful thought to something
subtype: weighing__deliberation__advisement careful consideration; "a little deliberation would have deterred them"
subtype: think (informal) an instance of deliberate thinking: "I need to give it a good think"
subtype: exploration.consideration a systematic consideration; "he called for a careful exploration of the consequences"
subtype: meditation__contemplation__reflection__reflexion__rumination__musing__thoughtfulness a calm lengthy intent consideration
subtype: introspection__self-contemplation__self-examination the contemplation of your own thoughts and desires and conduct
subtype: soul-searching__self-analysis a penetrating examination of your own beliefs and motives
subtype: examen.introspection__examination examination of conscience (as done daily by Jesuits)
subtype: omphaloskepsis contemplation of one's navel
subtype: retrospect contemplation of things past; "in retrospect"
subtype: excogitation thinking something out with care in order to achieve complete understanding of it
subtype: explanation thought that makes something comprehensible
subtype: interpreting__interpretation__rendition__rendering an explanation of something that is not immediately obvious; "the edict was subject to many interpretations"; "he annoyed us with his interpreting of parables"
subtype: broad_interpretation__broadinterpretation__judicial_activism an interpretation of the U.S. constitution holding that the spirit of the times and the needs of the nation can legitimately influence judicial decisions (particularly decisions of the Supreme Court)
subtype: rationalization.explanation__rationalisation the cognitive process of making something seem consistent with or based on reason
subtype: provision__planning__preparation the cognitive process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening; "his planning for retirement was hindered by several uncertainties"
subtype: agreement.provision__arrangement the thing arranged or agreed to
subtype: collusion secret agreement
subtype: prearrangement an arrangement in advance
subtype: applecart.provision the planning that is disrupted when someone "upsets the applecart"
subtype: mens_rea__malice_aforethought (law) criminal intent; the thoughts and intentions behind a wrongful act (including knowledge that the act is illegal)
subtype: calculation__deliberation planning something carefully and intentionally; "it was the deliberation of his act that was insulting"
subtype: premeditation planning or plotting in advance of acting
subtype: problem_solving the thought processes involved in solving a problem
subtype: enquiry__inquiry__research a search for knowledge; "their pottery deserves more research than it has received"
subtype: nature_study the study of animals and plants in the natural world (usually at an elementary level)
subtype: experimentation__experiment the testing of an idea; "it was an experiment in living"; "not all experimentation is done in laboratories"
subtype: pilot_experiment__pilotexperiment a preliminary experiment whose outcome can lead to a more extensive experiment
subtype: trial_run__trialrun__trial__test__tryout trying something to find out about it; "a sample for ten days free trial"; "a trial of progesterone failed to relieve the pain"
subtype: field_trial__fieldtrial a test to display the performance of some new product
subtype: alpha_test__alphatest a first test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by the developer
subtype: beta_test a second test of an experimental product (such as computer software) carried out by an outside organization
subtype: road_test a test to insure that a vehicle is roadworthy
subtype: test_drive test of the roadworthiness of a vehicle one is considering buying
subtype: trial_balloon__trialballoon a test of public opinion
subtype: empirical_research__empiricalresearch an empirical search for knowledge
subtype: investigation__probe an inquiry into unfamiliar or questionable activities; "there was a congressional probe into the scandal"
subtype: public_opinion_poll__poll__opinion_poll__opinionpoll__canvass an inquiry into public opinion conducted by interviewing a random sample of people
subtype: straw_vote__strawvote__straw_poll__strawpoll an unofficial vote taken to determine opinion on some issue
subtype: heraldry.enquiry the study and classification of armorial bearings and the tracing of genealogies
subtype: figuring__calculation__computation__reckoning problem solving that involves numbers or quantities
subtype: extrapolation (mathematics) calculation of the value of a function outside the range of known values
subtype: interpolation (mathematics) calculation of the value of a function between the values already known
subtype: conversion.figuring a change in the units or form of an expression: "conversion from Fahrenheit to Centigrade
subtype: data_conversion__dataconversion conversion from one way of encoding data to another way
subtype: digitization__digitisation conversion of analog information into digital information
subtype: estimation__estimate__approximation__idea an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth; "an estimate of what it would cost"; "a rough idea how long it would take"
subtype: guesswork__guess__gues__shot__dead_reckoning an estimate based on little or no information
subtype: guesstimate__guestimate an estimate that combines reasoning with guessing
subtype: overrating__overestimate__overestimation__overreckoning a calculation that results in an estimate that is too high
subtype: underestimate__underestimation__underrating__underreckoning a calculation that results in an estimate that is too low
subtype: derived_function__derivedfunction__derivative__differential_coefficient__differential__first_derivative__firstderivative the result of mathematical differentiation; the instantaneous change of one quantity relative to another; df(x)/dx
subtype: curvature the rate of change (at a point) of the angle between a curve and a tangent to the curve
subtype: integral the result of a mathematical integration; F(x) is the integral of f(x) if dF/dx = f(x)
subtype: indefinite_integral the set of functions F(x) + C, where C is any real number, such that F(x) is the integral of f(x)
subtype: definite_integral the integral of a function over a definite interval
subtype: decision_making__deciding the cognitive process of reaching a decision; "a good executive must be good at decision making"
subtype: eclecticism__eclecticmethod making decisions on the basis of what seems best instead of following some single doctrine or style
subtype: settlement.decision_making__resolution something settled or resolved; the outcome of decision making; "the finally reached a settlement with the union"; "they never did achieve a final resolution of their differences"
subtype: judging__judgement the cognitive process of reaching a decision or drawing conclusions
subtype: prejudgment__prejudgement a judgment reached before the evidence is available
subtype: change_of_mind__reversal__flip-flop__turnabout__turnaround a decision to reverse an earlier decision
subtype: second_thought__reconsideration__rethink thinking again about a choice previously made; "he had second thoughts about his purchase"
subtype: choice__pick__selection the person or thing chosen or selected; "he was my pick for mayor"
subtype: pleasure.choice a formal expression; "he serves at the pleasure of the President"
subtype: favorite__favourite something regarded with special favor or liking; "that book is one of my favorites"
subtype: way.choice doing as one pleases or chooses: "if I had my way"
subtype: cull__reject the person or thing rejected or set aside as inferior in quality
subtype: alternative__option__choice an alternative action; "what option did I have?"; "there no other alternative"; "my only choice is to refuse"
subtype: obverse the more conspicuous of two alternatives or cases or sides: "the obverse of this issue"
subtype: druthers__preference the right or chance to choose: "given my druthers, I'd eat cake"
subtype: wish the particular preference that you have; "it was his last wish"; "they should respect the wishes of the people"
subtype: default_option__defaultoption__default an option that is selected automatically unless an alternative is specified
subtype: possible_action__possibility a possible alternative; "bankruptcy is always a possibility"
subtype: possible something that can be done; "politics is the art of the possible"
subtype: impossible_action__impossibility an alternative that is not available
subtype: impossible something that cannot be done; "his assignment verged on the impossible"
subtype: Hobson's_choice the choice of taking what is offered or nothing at all
subtype: knowing clear and certain mental apprehension
subtype: awareness.knowing__consciousness__consciousnes__knowingness having knowledge of; "he had no awareness of his mistakes"; "his sudden consciousness of the problem he faced"; "their intelligence and general knowingness was impressive"
subtype: self-awareness awareness of your own individuality
subtype: orientation.self-awareness a person's awareness of self with regard to position and time and place and personal relationships
subtype: self-consciousness self-awareness plus the additional realization that others are similarly aware of you
subtype: feel an intuitive awareness; "he has a feel for animals" or "it's easy when you get the feel of it"
subtype: sense a general conscious awareness; "a sense of security"; "a sense of happiness"; "a sense of danger"; "a sense of self"
subtype: sense_of_direction an awareness of your orientation in space
subtype: sense_of_responsibility an awareness of your obligations
subtype: cognizance.knowing__ken range of what one can know or understand; "beyond my ken"
subtype: foresight__prevision knowing in advance; foreseeing
subtype: savvy__understanding__apprehension__discernment the cognitive condition of someone who understands; "he has virtually no understanding of social cause and effect"
subtype: comprehension.savvy an ability to understand the meaning or importance of something (or the knowledge acquired as a result); "how you can do that is beyond my comprehension"; "he was famous for his comprehension of American literature"
subtype: self-knowledge an understanding of yourself and your goals and abilities
subtype: smattering a slight or superficial understanding of a subject
subtype: appreciation.savvy__grasp__hold understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something; "he has a good grasp of accounting practices"
subtype: sense.appreciation a natural appreciation or ability; "a keen musical sense"; "a good sense of timing"
subtype: grasping understanding with difficulty; "the lecture was beyond his most strenuous graspings"
subtype: hindsight understanding the nature of an event after it has happened; "hindisght is always better than foresight"
subtype: brainstorm__insight__brainwave the clear (and often sudden) understanding of a complex situation
subtype: light.brainstorm mental understanding as an enlightening experience; "he finally saw the light"; "can you shed light on this problem?"
subtype: revelation an enlightening or astonishing disclosure
subtype: find__discovery__breakthrough a productive insight
subtype: flash.brainstorm a sudden brilliant understanding; "he had a flash of intuition"
subtype: realisation__realization__recognition coming to understand something by thinking about it; "a growing realization of the risk involved"; "a sudden consciousness of the problem he faced"
subtype: linguistic_process.higher_cognitive_process__linguisticproces the cognitive processes involved in producing and understanding linguistic communication; "he didn't have the language to express his feelings"
subtype: reading the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message; "he enjoys reading books"
subtype: speed-reading__speedreading reading at speeds significantly faster than normal
subtype: perusal__perusing__poring_over__studying reading carefully with intent to remember
subtype: browsing__browse reading superficially or at random
subtype: skim__skimming reading or glancing through quickly
subtype: information_sciences_task__information_management_task__information_management__informationmanagement may be "_subtask" would be more appropriate than "_task" here and in the subtypes
subtype: IR_task__information_indexation_or_search__information_retrieval__informationretrieval__IR
subtype: information_indexation__informationindexation
subtype: information_structuring increasing the number of relations between objects
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_document_elements
subtype: document_structuring
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_relations_between_documents
subtype: reducing_the_size_of_document_elements
subtype: information_normalization__informationnormalization
subtype: data_normalization
subtype: representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
subtype: knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: knowledge_normalization representing knowledge in a precise, organized and scalable manner; this implies reducing the number of non-automatically comparable ways information is or can be written, and increasing the number of relations between objects (especially common/important relations such as generalization relations, partOf relations and case relations)
subtype: use_of_a_normalizing_KRL
subtype: re-use_of_a_top_level_or_large_ontology
subtype: following_of_an_ontological_principle
subtype: following_of_a_principle_of_the_Ontoclean_methodology
subtype: following_of_a_category_naming_principle lexical normalization involves following object naming rules such as "using English singular nouns or nominal expressions" and "avoiding the Intercap style"
subtype: following_of_the_InterCap_style_for_naming_categories
subtype: following_of_an_underscore_based_style_for_naming_categories
subtype: use_of_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
subtype: use_of_singular_nouns_or_nominal_forms_for_naming_categories
subtype: following_of_a_phrasing_principle_for_category_annotations
subtype: following_of_a_knowledge_organization_principle Structural and ontological normalization involves following rules such as "when introducing an object into an ontology, relate it to all its already represented direct generalizations, specializations, components and containers", "use subtypeOf relations instead of or in addition to instanceOf relations when both cases are possible", "avoid the use of non binary relations" and "do not represent processes via relations"
subtype: use_of_a_graph-oriented-reading_convention
subtype: limiting_the_number_of_relation_types
subtype: following_of_an_ontological_principle
subtype: representing_knowledge_in_a_concise/organized/precise/readable_way
subtype: representing_knowledge_in_a_concise_way
subtype: representing_knowledge_in_an_organized_way setting or presenting many relations between categories or statements
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_conceptual_objects
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_relation_types
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_concept_types
subtype: increasing_the_number_of_explicit_conceptual_relations_between_objects_from_different_users
subtype: representing_knowledge_in_a_readable_way
subtype: representing_knowledge_in_a_precise_way precise or explicit
subtype: knowledge_modelling/classification/extraction__knowledgemodelling/classification/extraction__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA_task__KA this is "knowledge acquisition" in its restricted sense; in its broader sense, it is equivalent to "knowledge management"
subtype: KA_from_people
subtype: KA_from_data
subtype: semi_automatic_KA_from_data__knowledge_discovery__knowledgediscovery__data_mining
subtype: semi_automatic_KA_from_data_by_classification
subtype: concept_clustering_from_data
subtype: knowledge_extraction_from_documents
subtype: semantic_web_mining
subtype: knowledge-oriented_NLP
subtype: CG_extraction_by_NLP
subtype: ontology_extraction_from_documents
subtype: terminological_analysis
subtype: document_structure_analysis_or_discovery
subtype: knowledge_extraction_from_databases__knowledge_discovery_in_databases__KDD
subtype: FCA_based_KDD
subtype: classification
subtype: conceptual_clustering__concept_clusterization__conceptclusterization it can be used both for KA and IR, from knowledge or data
subtype: conceptual_clustering_via_a_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: conceptual_clustering_via_a_category_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
subtype: FCA_attribute_exploration FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where the object set is not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
subtype: FCA_concept_exploration FCA technique addressing the problem of a context where both the object set and the attribute set are not completely known a priori, or too large to be listed
subtype: type_classification
subtype: instance_classification__instance_learning assignement of instances to types of concepts/relations
subtype: conceptual_clustering_via_a_CG_generalization_hierarchy
subtype: conceptual_clustering_from_data
subtype: conceptual_clustering_from_database
subtype: conceptual_clustering_from_documents
subtype: conceptual_clustering_from_emails
subtype: classification_by_semantic_grids
subtype: language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
subtype: CG_based_KR
subtype: methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
subtype: task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: combination_and_instantiation_of_generic_task_models
subtype: selection_and_adaptation_of_domain_ontologies
subtype: information_precising__informationprecising
subtype: information_explicitation
subtype: representing_information_in_a_formal_or_semi_formal_way
subtype: making_an_informal_sentence_less_contextual
subtype: information_normalization__informationnormalization
subtype: data_indexation__informal_object_indexation
subtype: document_indexation
subtype: data_indexation_in_database
subtype: information_search__informationsearch
subtype: document_search
subtype: lexical_search__lexicalsearch__stringsearch search of a string of character
subtype: regular_expression_based_search
subtype: keyword_based_statistical_search__keywordbasedstatisticalsearch
subtype: informal_index_based_search
subtype: knowledge_based_information_search__knowledgebasedinformationsearch
subtype: knowledge_based_document_search
subtype: conceptual_clustering_from_documents
subtype: knowledge_search_task
subtype: specialization_search__implication_search__implicationsearch
subtype: specialization_structural_search
subtype: complete_specialization_search
subtype: generalization_search
subtype: generalization_structural_search
subtype: generalization_structural_search_of_FOL_statements
subtype: complete_generalization_search
subtype: analogy_search__analogysearch
subtype: structure_only_based_search
subtype: specialization_structural_search
subtype: generalization_structural_search
subtype: complete_knowledge_search
subtype: incomplete_knowledge_search
subtype: consistent_knowledge_search
subtype: inconsistent_knowledge_search
subtype: information_presentation__informationpresentation
subtype: knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
subtype: document_indexation
subtype: document_search
subtype: keyword_based_document_indexation_or_search
subtype: metadata_based_structuration_or_search
subtype: knowledge_based_document_indexation_or_search
subtype: knowledge_based_document_search
subtype: data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
subtype: data_indexation_in_database
subtype: database_management_task__database_management a DB management (sub)task
subtype: data_indexation_or_search_in_a_database
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_DBs
subtype: document_management_task__document_management
subtype: document_indexation_or_search__document_search__document_structuration "indexation" also refers to structuring with via markup tags
subtype: distributed_system_management_task__distributed_system_management
subtype: supporting_cooperation
subtype: supporting_synchronous_cooperation
subtype: supporting_asynchronous_cooperation
subtype: information_sharing__informationsharing
subtype: data_sharing
subtype: knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
subtype: synchronous_knowledge_sharing__synchronousknowledgesharing
subtype: asynchronous_knowledge_sharing
subtype: private_module_based_knowledge_sharing
subtype: fully_shared_knowledge_based_sharing
subtype: information_publishing__informationpublishing
subtype: software_engineering_task__software_engineering
subtype: software_classification
subtype: graphical_interface_engineering__graphicalinterfaceengineering
subtype: teaching_an_IS_related_subject
subtype: teaching_a_KM_related_subject
subtype: teaching_CGs
subtype: IS_methodology_task a task of a methodology in Information Sciences
subtype: distributed_system_methodology_task
subtype: KM_task a K.M. (sub)task
subtype: knowledge_management__knowledgemanagement__km__knowledge_engineering__knowledgeengineering__KE__conceptual_knowledge_processing__CKP__knowledge_acquisition__knowledgeacquisition__KA KM is a KM_task itself, the one that any other KM_tasks are a subtask of
subtype: prototype_based_KA
subtype: model_based_KA
subtype: knowledge_comparison__knowledgecomparison
subtype: graph_matching__graphmatching
subtype: CG_matching
subtype: knowledge_inference/reasoning/generation__knowledgeinference/reasoning/generation
subtype: generalizing__generalization__generalising__generalisation
subtype: deduction
subtype: abduction
subtype: induction
subtype: specializing__specialization__specialising__specialisation
subtype: analogy_making__analogymaking
subtype: case_base_reasoning__CBR
subtype: monotonic_reasoning__monotonicreasoning
subtype: non_monotonic_reasoning__nonmonotonicreasoning
subtype: belief_revision__beliefrevision
subtype: permissive_belief_revision
subtype: consistent_inference
subtype: consistent_knowledge_search
subtype: inconsistent_inference
subtype: inconsistent_knowledge_search
subtype: complete_inference
subtype: complete_knowledge_search
subtype: incomplete_inference
subtype: incomplete_knowledge_search
subtype: structure-only_based_inference
subtype: structure_only_based_search
subtype: rule_based_inference
subtype: knowledge_validation__knowledgevalidation
subtype: validation_of_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: KB_validation
subtype: validation_of_knowledge_implementation
subtype: consistency_checking__consistencychecking
subtype: completeness_checking
subtype: knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation__representing_knowledge__KR__knowledge_modelling representing information in a more or less formal way
subtype: knowledge_search_task
subtype: knowledge_sharing__knowledgesharing
subtype: knowledge_mapping/merging/federation__knowledgemapping/merging/federation mapping refers to the setting of semantic links between some categories of the different KBs
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_ontologies
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
subtype: knowledge_import/export__knowledgeimport/export
subtype: knowledge_translation__knowledgetranslation
subtype: conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: conversion_between_RDF_and_CG
subtype: FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
subtype: conversion_between_FCA_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: FCA_based_storage_of_CGs
subtype: conversion_from_EGs_to_concept_graphs_with_cuts
subtype: knowledge_evaluation__knowledgeevaluation
subtype: collecting_knowledge_for_modelling
subtype: eliciting_knowledge_from_a_person
subtype: teaching_a_KM_related_subject
subtype: language/structure_specific_task
subtype: CG_task
subtype: CG_extraction_by_NLP
subtype: CG_based_KR
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_CG_based_KBs
subtype: CG_matching
subtype: conversion_between_CG_and_other_models_or_notations
subtype: teaching_CGs
subtype: CG_methodology_task
subtype: FCA_task a FCA (sub)task
subtype: FCA_based_KDD
subtype: mapping/merging/federation_of_FCA_based_KBs
subtype: FCA_based_conceptual_clustering
subtype: FCA_methodology_task
subtype: language/structure_specific_knowledge_representation
subtype: KM_methodology_task a task advised by a KM methodology
subtype: KR_methodology_task lexical/ontological/structural rules/conventions for a better checking/search/exploitation/re-use/sharing of the knowledge
subtype: ontology_building_methodology_task
subtype: Peirce_based_KR_methodology_task
subtype: KA_methodology_task__knowledge_acquisition_methodology_task__knowledgeacquisitionmethodologytask__knowledge_modelling_methodology_task__knowledgemodellingmethodologytask
subtype: prototype_based_KA_methodology_task km#prototype_based_KA or any substask of it
subtype: prototype_based_KA
subtype: model_based_KA_methodology_task__modelbasedkamethodologytask km#model_based_KA or any substask of it
subtype: model_based_KA
subtype: task_related_to_the_creation/update_of_the_KB_conceptual_model
subtype: creation/update_of_the_KBS_design_model
subtype: use_of_the_KBS_design_model_to_create/update_the_KBS
subtype: KADS_task a task of Knowledge Acquisition and Design Structuring
subtype: KADS-I__KADS-1__KADS1
subtype: CommonKADS__Common-KADS__KADS-II__KADS-2__KADS2
subtype: methodology_specific_knowledge_representation_or_modelling
28 statements are about indirect instances of cognitive_process: graph1_on_article, graph2_on_article, graph4_on_article, graph5_on_article, graph6_on_article, graph8_on_article, graph9_on_article, graph11_on_article, graph12_on_article, graph13_on_article, graph14_on_article, graph15_on_article, graph16_on_article, graph17_on_article, graph18_on_article, graph1_on_PhD_thesis, graph1_on_book, graph19_on_article, graph20_on_article, graph21_on_article, graph22_on_article, graph24_on_article, graph2_on_PhD_thesis, graph25_on_article, graph26_on_article, graph30_on_article, graph34_on_article, graph6_on_spamOnly@phmartin.info click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
676 categories printed