#class_Coniferopsida__Coniferopsida__Coniferophytina__subdivision_Coniferophytina__Coniferophyta  cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)
  supertype:  class__clas  (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
  member of:  class_Gymnospermae
  member:  order_Cordaitales__Cordaitales  extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian; probably extinct since the Mesozoic
     member:  family_Cordaitaceae__Cordaitaceae  chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus
        member:  genus_Cordaites__Cordaites  tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers
  member:  class_Pinopsida__Pinopsida__Pinophytina__subdivision_Pinophytina  most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
  member:  order_Coniferales__Coniferales  profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves
     member:  family_Pinaceae__Pinaceae__pine_family  a family of Pinaceae
        member:  genus_Pinus__Pinus  type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines
           member:  pine_tree__pine__true_pine  a coniferous tree
           member:  pinon__pinyon  any of several low-growing pines of western North America
           member:  pinon_pine__pinonpine__Mexican_nut_pine__Pinus_cembroides  small 2- or 3-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas
        member:  genus_Larix__Larix  larches
           member:  larch_tree__larchtree__larch  any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves
        member:  genus_Pseudolarix__Pseudolarix  one species: golden larch
           member:  golden_larch__Pseudolarix_amabilis  Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves
        member:  genus_Abies__Abies  true firs
           member:  fir_tree__firtree__fir__true_fir  any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
        member:  genus_Cedrus__Cedrus  true cedars
           member:  true_cedar__cedar__cedar_tree__cedartree  any cedar of the genus Cedrus
        member:  genus_Picea__Picea  a genus of temperate and arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)
           member:  spruce  any coniferous tree of the genus Picea
        member:  genus_Tsuga__Tsuga  hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce
           member:  hemlock_tree__hemlocktree  an evergreen tree
        member:  genus_Pseudotsuga__Pseudotsuga  douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya
           member:  douglas_fir  tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles
        member:  genus_Cathaya  one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix
           member:  Cathaya  Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere
        member:  genus_Keteleeria  a genus of Keteleeria
           member:  keteleeria  Asiatic conifers resembling firs
     member:  family_Cupressaceae__Cupressaceae__cypress_family__cypressfamily  cypresses and junipers and many cedars
        member:  cedar_tree__cedartree__cedar  any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars
        member:  genus_Cupressus__Cupressus  type genus of Cupressaceae
           member:  cypress_tree__cypresstree__cypress__cypres  any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones
        member:  genus_Athrotaxis__Athrotaxis  a genus of gymnosperm
           member:  King_William_pine__Athrotaxis_selaginoides  evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves the curve inward
        member:  genus_Austrocedrus__Austrocedrus  one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
           member:  Chilean_cedar__Austrocedrus_chilensis  small well-shaped South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage
        member:  genus_Callitris__Callitris  evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines
           member:  cypress_pine__cypresspine  any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia
        member:  genus_Calocedrus__Calocedrus  tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
           member:  Calocedrus_decurrens__incense_cedar__incensecedar__red_cedar__Libocedrus_decurrens  tall tree of North American Pacific coast having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark
        member:  genus_Chamaecyparis__Chamaecyparis  a genus of Chamaecyparis
           member:  southern_white_cedar__coast_white_cedar__coastwhitecedar__atlanticwhitecedar__white_cypress__whitecypres__whitecedar__Chamaecyparis_thyoides  slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae
           member:  Oregon_cedar__Port_Orford_cedar__Lawson's_cypress__Lawson's_cedar__Chamaecyparis_lawsoniana  large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet
           member:  yellow_cypress__yellow_cedar__Nootka_cypress__Alaska_cedar__Chamaecyparis_nootkatensis  tall evergreen of North American Pacific coast often cultivated for ornament
        member:  genus_Cryptomeria__Cryptomeria  Japanese cedar; sugi
           member:  Japanese_cedar__Japan_cedar__sugi__Cryptomeria_japonica  tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood
        member:  genus_Juniperus__Juniperus  junipers
           member:  juniper  coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones
           member:  pencil_cedar_tree__pencil_cedar  any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils
           member:  Bermuda_cedar__Juniperus_bermudiana  ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper
           member:  east_African_cedar__Juniperus_procera  tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood
        member:  genus_Libocedrus__Libocedrus  cypresses that resemble cedars
           member:  incense_cedar__incensecedar  any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood
           member:  kawaka__Libocedrus_plumosa  New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress
           member:  pahautea__Libocedrus_bidwillii__mountain_pine  evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka
        member:  subfamily_Taxodiaceae__Taxodiaceae__redwood_family__redwoodfamily  coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems
        member:  genus_Metasequoia  genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae
           member:  metasequoia__dawn_redwood__Metasequoia_glyptostrodoides  large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China
        member:  genus_Sequoia  redwoods; until recently considered a genus of a separate family Taxodiaceae
           member:  California_redwood__coast_redwood__coastredwood__Sequoia_sempervirens  lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur
        member:  sequoia__redwood  either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae
        member:  genus_Sequoiadendron__Sequoiadendron  giant sequoias; sometimes included in the genus Sequoia; until recently placed in the Taxodiaceae
           member:  giant_sequoia__giantsequoia__big_tree__bigtree__sierraredwood__Sequoiadendron_giganteum__Sequoia_gigantea__Sequoia_Wellingtonia  extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism
        member:  genus_Taxodium__Taxodium  bald cypress; swamp cypress
           member:  pond_bald_cypress__bald_cypress__swamp_cypress__southern_cypress__Taxodium_distichum  common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms
           member:  pond_cypress__bald_cypress__Taxodium_ascendens  smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum
           member:  Montezuma_cypress__Mexican_swamp_cypress__Taxodium_mucronatum  cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands
        member:  genus_Tetraclinis__Tetraclinis  sandarac tree
        member:  genus_Thuja__Thuja  red cedar
           member:  western_red_cedar__red_cedar__canoe_cedar__canoecedar__Thuja_plicata  large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States
           member:  American_arborvitae__northern_white_cedar__white_cedar__Thuja_occidentalis  small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets
           member:  Oriental_arborvitae__Thuja_orientalis__Platycladus_orientalis  Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus
        member:  genus_Thujopsis__Thujopsis  one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja
           member:  hiba_arborvitae__Thujopsis_dolobrata  slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental
     member:  family_Araucariaceae__Araucariaceae__araucaria_family__araucariafamily  tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae
        member:  Wollemi_pine  newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned
        member:  genus_Araucaria  a genus of Araucaria
           member:  araucaria  any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds
        member:  genus_Agathis__Agathis  kauri pine
           member:  kauri_pine__kauripine__dammar_pine  any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin
           member:  kaury__kauri__Agathis_australis  tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood
           member:  dundathu_pine__queensland_kauri__smooth_bark_kauri__Agathis_robusta  Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer
           member:  red_kauri__redkauri__Agathis_lanceolata  New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark
     member:  family_Cephalotaxaceae__Cephalotaxaceae__plum-yew_family  a family of Cephalotaxaceae
        member:  genus_Cephalotaxus__Cephalotaxus  the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)
           member:  plum-yew  any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals
        member:  genus_Torreya__Torreya  nutmeg-yews
           member:  California_nutmeg__nutmeg-yew__Torreya_californica  California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor
           member:  stinking_cedar__stinking_yew__Torrey_tree__Torreya_taxifolia  rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed
     member:  family_Phyllocladaceae__Phyllocladaceae  a family of Phyllocladaceae
        member:  genus_Phyllocladus__Phyllocladus  celery pine
           member:  celery_pine  Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves
     member:  family_Podocarpaceae__Podocarpaceae__podocarpus_family  gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves
        member:  genus_Podocarpus__Podocarpus  evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae
           member:  podocarp  any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed
           member:  yacca_podocarp__yaccapodocarp__yacca__Podocarpus_coriaceus  West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves
           member:  brown_pine__brownpine__Rockingham_podocarp__Podocarpus_elatus  large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure
           member:  cape_yellowwood__African_yellowwood__Podocarpus_elongatus  South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown
           member:  South-African_yellowwood__Podocarpus_latifolius  erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark gray bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves
           member:  alpine_totara__Podocarpus_nivalis  low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains
           member:  Podocarpus_totara__totara  valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves
        member:  genus_Afrocarpus__Afrocarpus  dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus
           member:  common_yellowwood__bastard_yellowwood__bastardyellowwood__Afrocarpus_falcata  medium-sized tree of South Africa
        member:  genus_Dacrycarpus__Dacrycarpus  evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines
        member:  genus_Dacrydium__Dacrydium  Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs
           member:  rimu__imou_pine__red_pine__redpine__Dacrydium_cupressinum  tall New Zealand timber tree
           member:  Dacrydium_colensoi__tarwood  New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes
        member:  genus_Falcatifolium__Falcatifolium  sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia
           member:  common_sickle_pine__Falcatifolium_falciforme  small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia
           member:  yellow-leaf_sickle_pine__Falcatifolium_taxoides  a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew
        member:  genus_Halocarpus__Halocarpus  dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium
           member:  tarwood__newzealandmountainpine__Halocarpus_bidwilli__Dacrydium_bidwilli  New Zealand shrub
        member:  genus_Lagarostrobus__Lagarostrobus  genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium
           member:  huon_pine__Lagarostrobus_franklinii__Dacrydium_franklinii  Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium
        member:  genus_Lepidothamnus__Lepidothamnus  small usually shrubby conifers
           member:  Chilean_rimu__Lepidothamnus_fonkii  about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile
           member:  mountain_rimu__Lepidothamnus_laxifolius__Dacridium_laxifolius  low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand
        member:  genus_Microstrobos__Microstrobos  2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania
           member:  Tasman_dwarf_pine__Microstrobos_niphophilus  small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches
        member:  genus_Nageia__Nageia  small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea
           member:  Nageia_nagi__nagi  medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan
        member:  genus_Parasitaxus__Parasitaxus  1 species: parasite yew
           member:  parasite_yew__Parasitaxus_ustus  rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides
        member:  genus_Prumnopitys__Prumnopitys  mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus
           member:  miro__black_pine__blackpine__Prumnopitys_ferruginea__Podocarpus_ferruginea  New Zealand conifer
           member:  matai__black_pine__blackpine__Prumnopitys_taxifolia__Podocarpus_spicata  New Zealand conifer
           member:  plum-fruited_yew__Prumnopitys_andina__Prumnopitys_elegans  South American evergreen tree or shrub
        member:  genus_Retrophyllum__Retrophyllum  small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America
        member:  genus_Saxe-gothea__Saxe-gothea__Saxegothea__genus_Saxegothea  1 species: Prince Albert's yew
           member:  Prince_Albert_yew__Prince_Albert's_yew__Saxe-gothea_conspicua  small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile
        member:  genus_Sundacarpus__Sundacarpus  1 species
           member:  Sundacarpus_amara__Prumnopitys_amara__Podocarpus_amara  a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland
     member:  family_Sciadopityaceae__Sciadopityaceae  family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae
        member:  genus_Sciadopitys__Sciadopitys  type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines
           member:  Japanese_umbrella_pine__Sciadopitys_verticillata  tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs
     member:  family_Taxaceae__Taxaceae__yew_family__yewfamily  sometimes classified as member of order Taxales
        member:  genus_Taxus__Taxus  yews
           member:  Old_World_yew__English_yew__Taxus_baccata  predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world
           member:  Pacific_yew__California_yew__western_yew__westernyew__Taxus_brevifolia  small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood
           member:  Japanese_yew__Taxus_cuspidata  shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States
           member:  Florida_yew__Taxus_floridana  small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves
        member:  yew  any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves
        member:  genus_Austrotaxus__Austrotaxus  a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew
           member:  New_Caledonian_yew__Austrotaxus_spicata  large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii
        member:  genus_Pseudotaxus__Pseudotaxus  one species
           member:  white-berry_yew__whiteberryyew__pseudotaxuschienii  yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries
  member:  class_Taxopsida__Taxopsida__Taxophytina__subdivision_Taxophytina  yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
  member:  order_Taxales__Taxales  coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews

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