#class_Amphibia__Amphibia frogs; toads; newts; salamanders; caecilians
supertype: class__clas (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
member of: subphylum_Vertebrata
member: amphibian cold-blooded vertebrate typically living on land but breeding in water; aquatic larvae undergo metamorphosis into adult form
member: genus_Hynerpeton__Hynerpeton earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Pennsylvania
member: Hynerpeton_bassetti fossil amphibian of the Devonian having well-developed forelimbs; found in Pennsylvania
member: genus_Ichthyostega second earliest fossil amphibian ever found; of the Devonian; found in Greenland
member: Ichyostega early tetrapod amphibian found in Greenland
member: order_Urodella__Urodella__Caudata__order_Caudata salamanders; newts; congo snakes
member: urodele amphibians that resemble lizards
member: family_Salamandridae__Salamandridae salamanders
member: genus_Salamandra__Salamandra type genus of the Salamandridae
member: European_fire_salamander__Salamandra_salamandra a kind of European salamander
member: fire_salamander__spotted_salamander__spottedsalamander__Salamandra_maculosa European salamander having dark skin with usually yellow spots
member: alpine_salamander__Salamandra_atra ovoviviparous amphibian of the Alps
member: newt__triton small usually bright-colored semiaquatic salamanders of North America and Europe and North Asia
member: genus_Triturus__Triturus chiefly aquatic salamanders
member: common_newt__Triturus_vulgaris small semiaquatic salamander
member: genus_Notophthalmus__Notophthalmus newts
member: genus_Taricha__Taricha Pacific newts
member: Pacific_newt any of several rough-skinned newts found in western North America
member: rough-skinned_newt__roughskinnednewt__Taricha_granulosa newt of humid coast from Alaska to southern California
member: family_Ambystomatidae__Ambystomatidae New World salamanders
member: genus_Ambystoma__Ambystoma type genus of the Ambystomatidae
member: ambystomid_salamander__ambystomid small to moderate-sized terrestrial or semiaquatic New World salamander
member: family_Cryptobranchidae__Cryptobranchidae large aquatic salamanders: hellbenders; giant salamanders
member: genus_Cryptobranchus__Cryptobranchus type genus of the Cryptobranchidae
member: hellbender__mud_puppy__Cryptobranchus_alleganiensis large salamander of North American rivers and streams
member: genus_Megalobatrachus__Megalobatrachus giant salamanders; in some classifications included in the genus Cryptobranchus
member: giant_salamander__giantsalamander__megalobatrachusmaximu large (up to more than three feet) edible salamander of Asia
member: family_Proteidae__Proteidae mud puppies
member: genus_Proteus__Proteus type genus of the Proteidae
member: olm__Proteus_anguinus European cave-dwelling aquatic salamander with permanent external gills
member: genus_Necturus__Necturus a genus of Proteidae
member: mud_puppy__Necturus_maculosus aquatic North American salamander with red feathery external gills
member: family_Dicamptodontidae__Dicamptodontidae large and small highly aquatic salamanders
member: genus_Dicamptodon type genus of the Dicamptodontidae
member: Pacific_giant_salamander__Dicamptodon_ensatus large (to 7 inches) salamander of western North America
member: dicamptodon__dicamptodontid salamanders found near cold streams throughout the year
member: genus_Rhyacotriton__Rhyacotriton olympic salamanders
member: olympic_salamander__olympicsalamander__Rhyacotriton_olympicus small large-eyed semiaquatic salamander of the United States northwest
member: family_Plethodontidae__Plethodontidae small mostly terrestrial New World salamanders having neither lungs nor gills as adults
member: genus_Plethodon__Plethodon type genus of the Plethodontidae
member: eastern_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_cinereus common salamander of eastern North America
member: western_red-backed_salamander__Plethodon_vehiculum salamander of the Pacific coast of North America
member: lungless_salamander__plethodont mostly terrestrial salamanders that breathe through their thin moist skin; lay eggs in moist places on land; rarely enter water
member: genus_Desmograthus__Desmograthus an amphibian genus of Plethodontidae
member: dusky_salamander__duskysalamander common North American salamander mottled with dull brown or grayish-black
member: genus_Aneides__Aneides climbing salamanders
member: climbing_salamander any of several North American salamanders adapted for climbing with well-developed limbs and long somewhat squared-off toes
member: genus_Batrachoseps__Batrachoseps slender salamanders
member: slender_salamander__slendersalamander__worm_salamander any of several small slim salamanders of the United States Pacific coast
member: genus_Hydromantes__Hydromantes web-toed salamanders
member: web-toed_salamander any of several salamanders with webbed toes and very long extensile tongues; excellent climbers that move with ease over smooth rock surfaces
member: family_Amphiumidae__Amphiumidae congo snakes
member: genus_Amphiuma congo snakes
member: amphiuma__congo_snake__congo_eel__congoeel__blind_eel__blindeel aquatic eel-shaped salamander having two pairs of very small feet; of still muddy waters in the southern United States
member: family_Sirenidae__Sirenidae sirens
member: genus_Siren a genus of Sirenidae
member: siren eel-like aquatic North American salamander with small forelimbs and no hind limbs; have permanent external gills
member: order_Salientia__Salientia__Anura__order_Anura__Batrachia__order_Batrachia frogs, toads, tree toads
member: family_Ranidae__Ranidae nearly cosmopolitan family: true frogs
member: genus_Rana__Rana type genus of the Ranidae
member: woodfrog__Rana_sylvatica wide-ranging light-brown frog of moist North American woodlands especially spruce
member: leopard_frog__leopardfrog__spring_frog__Rana_pipiens common North American green or brownish frog having white-edged dark oval spots
member: bullfrog__Rana_catesbeiana largest North American frog; highly aquatic with a deep-pitched voice
member: green_frog__greenfrog__spring_frog__Rana_clamitans similar to bullfrog; found in or near marshes and ponds; of United States and Canada
member: cascades_frog__Rana_cascadae mountain frog found near water; of United States northwest to California
member: goliath_frog__goliathfrog__Rana_goliath largest living frog; up to a foot and weighing up to 10 lbs; Africa
member: pickerel_frog__Rana_palustris a meadow frog of eastern North America
member: tarahumara_frog__Rana_tarahumarae Mexican frog found within a jump of two or water
member: grass_frog__grassfrog__Rana_temporaria a common semiterrestrial European frog
member: true_frog__ranid insectivorous usually semiaquatic web-footed amphibian with smooth moist skin and long hind legs
member: family_Leptodactylidae__Leptodactylidae New World frogs; in some classifications essentially coextensive with the family Bufonidae
member: leptodactylid_frog__leptodactylidfrog__leptodactylid toothed frogs: terrestrial or aquatic or arboreal
member: genus_Eleutherodactylus__Eleutherodactylus completely terrestrial robber frogs
member: robber_frog small terrestrial frog of tropical America
member: genus_Hylactophryne__Hylactophryne barking frogs
member: barking_frog__barkingfrog__robber_frog__Hylactophryne_augusti of southwest United States and Mexico; call is like a dog's bark
member: genus_Leptodactylus__Leptodactylus type genus of the Leptodactylidae; in some classifications placed in the family Bufonidae
member: crapaud__South_American_bullfrog__Leptodactylus_pentadactylus large toothed frog of South and Central America resembling the bullfrog
member: family_Polypedatidae__Polypedatidae Old World tree frogs
member: genus_Polypedates__Polypedates type genus of the Polypedatidae
member: family_Ascaphidae__Ascaphidae family of one species of frog: tailed frog
member: genus_Ascaphus__Ascaphus type genus of the Ascaphidae; in some classifications included in the family Leiopelmatidae
member: tailed_frog__bell_toad__ribbed_toad__tailed_toad__Ascaphus_trui western North American frog with a tail-like copulatory organ
member: family_Leiopelmatidae__Leiopelmatidae__Liopelmidae__family_Liopelmidae primitive New Zealand frogs
member: genus_Leiopelma__Leiopelma__Liopelma__genus_Liopelma type and sole genus of the family Leiopelmatidae
member: Liopelma_hamiltoni primitive New Zealand frog with four unwebbed toes on forefeet and five on hind feet
member: family_Bufonidae__Bufonidae true toads
member: true_toad tailless amphibian similar to a frog but more terrestrial and having drier warty skin
member: genus_Bufo type genus of the Bufonidae; common toads of New and Old Worlds
member: bufo any toad of the genus Bufo
member: family_Discoglossidae__Discoglossidae family of Old World toads having a fixed disklike tongue
member: genus_Alytes__Alytes midwife toads
member: obstetrical_toad__obstetricaltoad__midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_obstetricans European toad whose male carries the fertilized eggs wrapped around its hind legs until they hatch
member: midwife_toad__midwifetoad__Alytes_cisternasi similar in habit to Alytes obstetricians
member: genus_Bombina__Bombina fire-bellied toads
member: fire-bellied_toad__Bombina_bombina toad of central and eastern Europe having red or orange patches on its underside
member: family_Pelobatidae__Pelobatidae spadefoot toads
member: genus_Scaphiopus__Scaphiopus New World spadefoot toads
member: western_spadefoot__westernspadefoot__Scaphiopus_hammondii of California
member: southern_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_multiplicatus of the United States southwest
member: plains_spadefoot__Scaphiopus_bombifrons of plains and hills and river bottoms in areas of low rainfall east of the Rocky Mountains
member: spadefoot_toad__spadefoottoad__spadefoot burrowing toad of the northern hemisphere with a horny spade-like projection on each hind foot
member: family_Hylidae__Hylidae tree frogs
member: tree_toad__tree_frog arboreal amphibians usually having adhesive disks at the tip of each toe; of southeast Asia and Australia and America
member: genus_Hyla__Hyla type genus of the Hylidae; tree toads
member: spring_peeper__Hyla_crucifer small brown tree toad having a shrill call heard near wetlands of eastern United States and Canada in early spring
member: Pacific_tree_toad__Hyla_regilla most commonly heard frog on the Pacific coast of America
member: canyon_treefrog__Hyla_arenicolor small chiefly ground dweller that stays within easy jumping distance of water; of United States southwest and northern Mexico
member: genus_Acris__Acris cricket frogs
member: cricket_frog__cricketfrog either of two frogs with a clicking call
member: genus_Pseudacris__Pseudacris chorus frogs
member: chorus_frog any of several small North American frogs having a loud call
member: genus_Pternohyla__Pternohyla burrowing treefrogs
member: lowland_burrowing_treefrog__lowlandburrowingtreefrog__northern_casque-headed_frog__Pternohyla_fodiens terrestrial burrowing nocturnal frog of grassy terrain and scrub forests having very hard upper surface of head; of the United States southwest
member: family_Microhylidae__Microhylidae__Brevicipitidae__family_Brevicipitidae narrow-mouthed toads and sheep frogs; some burrow and some are arboreal; found worldwide
member: genus_Gastrophryne__Gastrophryne primarily tropical narrow-mouthed toads
member: western_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_olivacea small secretive toad with smooth tough skin of central and western North America
member: eastern_narrow-mouthed_toad__Gastrophryne_carolinensis small toad of southeastern United States
member: genus_Hypopachus__Hypopachus sheep frogs
member: sheep_frog__sheepfrog mostly of Central America
member: family_Pipidae__Pipidae tongueless frogs
member: tongueless_frog almost completely aquatic frog native to Africa and Panama and northern South America
member: genus_Pipa__Pipa type genus of the Pipidae
member: genus_Xenopus__Xenopus African clawed frog; in some classifications made the type genus of a separate family Xenopodidae
member: African_clawed_frog__Xenopus_laevis native to Africa; established in the United States as result of release of laboratory and aquarium animals
member: order_Gymnophiona__Gymnophiona an order of amphibians including caecilians
member: family_Caeciliidae__Caeciliidae coextensive with the order Gymnophiona: legless amphibians
member: caecilian__blindworm any of the small slender limbless burrowing wormlike amphibians of the order Gymnophiona; inhabit moist soil in tropical regions
member: superorder_Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodontia__Labyrinthodonta__superorder_Labyrinthodonta extinct amphibians typically resembling heavy-bodied salamanders or crocodiles and having a solid flattened skull and conical teeth; Devonian through Triassic
member: labyrinthodont an amphibian of the superorder Labyrinthodontia
member: order_Stereospondyli__Stereospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; amphibia having vertebrae whose component elements are fused into a single piece: "most vertebrates are stereospondylous"
member: order_Temnospondyli__Temnospondyli formerly a suborder of Stegocephalia; large Carboniferous and Permian amphibians having vertebrae in which some elements remain separate
member: order_Stegocephalia__Stegocephalia in former classifications a division of Amphibia comprising all pre-Jurassic and some later extinct large salamandriform amphibia
member: tadpole__polliwog__pollywog a larval frog or toad
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