#cell the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; cells may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
supertype: entity_that_can_be_or_was_alive (pm) e.g., an animal, a cell
part: cell_wall energid cytoplasm cell_nucleus organelle vacuole
part of: living_thing
subtype: blastomere any cell resulting from cleavage of a fertilized egg
subtype: flagellated_cell__flagellatedcell any cell or one-celled organism equipped with a flagellum
subtype: choanocyte__collar_cell any of the flagellated cells in sponges having a collar of cytoplasm around the flagellum; they maintain a flow of water through the body
subtype: Kupffer's_cell specialized cells in the liver that destroy bacteria and foreign proteins and worn-out blood cells
subtype: somatic_cell__somaticcell any of the cells of a plant or animal except the reproductive cells
subtype: skin_cell any of the cells making up the skin
subtype: epidermal_cell__epidermalcell any of the cells making up the epidermis
subtype: melanoblast an epidermal cell that is a precursor of a melanocyte
subtype: melanocyte a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone
subtype: prickle_cell__pricklecell a cell in the germinal layer of the skin (the prickle-cell layer); has many spines and radiating processes
subtype: epithelial_cell one of the closely packed cells forming the epithelium
subtype: columnar_cell__columnar_epithelial_cell an epithelial cell that is shaped like a column; some have cilia
subtype: spongioblast any of various columnar epithelial cells in the central nervous system that develop into neuroglia
subtype: cuboidal_cell__cuboidal_epithelial_cell an epithelial cell that shaped like a cube
subtype: goblet_cell an epithelial cell that secretes mucous
subtype: hair_cell a sensory epithelial cell present in the Organ of Corti
subtype: squamous_cell an epithelial cell that is flat like a plate and form a single layer of epithelial tissue
subtype: taste_cell__tastecell__gustatory_cell__gustatorycell an epithelial cell in a taste bud that activates sensory fibers of the facial nerve or the glossopharyngeal nerve or the vagus nerve
subtype: neoplastic_cell a cell that is part of tumor
subtype: cancer_cell a cell that is part of a malignant tumor
subtype: bone_cell a cell that is part of a bone
subtype: megakaryocyte a large bone marrow cell; regarded as the source of blood platelets
subtype: osteoclast cell that functions in the breakdown and resorption of bone tissue
subtype: osteocyte mature bone cell
subtype: blood_cell__bloodcell__blood_corpuscle__bloodcorpuscle__corpuscle either of two types of cells (erythrocytes and leukocytes) and sometimes including platelets
subtype: leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
subtype: myelocyte an immature leukocyte normally found in bone marrow
subtype: myeloblast a precursor of leukocytes that normally occurs only in bone marrow
subtype: lymphocyte__lymph_cell__lymphcell an agranulocytic leukocyte that normally makes up a quarter of the white blood cell count but increases in the presence of infection
subtype: B_cell__B_lymphocyte a lymphocyte derived from bone marrow that provides humoral immunity; it recognizes free antigen molecules in solution and mature into plasma cells that secrete immunoglobulin (antibodies) that inactivate the antigens
subtype: T_cell__T_lymphocyte a small lymphocyte developed in the thymus; it orchestrates the immune system's response to infected or malignant cells
subtype: helper_T_cell__CD4_T_cell__CD4_cell T cell with CD4 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and secretes lymphokines that stimulate B cells and killer T cells
subtype: killer_T_cell__CD8_T_cell__CD8_cell T cell with CD8 receptor that recognizes antigens on the surface of a virus-infected cell and binds to the infected cell and kill it
subtype: lymphoblast an immature lymphocyte
subtype: plasma_cell__plasmacyte a lymphocyte-like cell that develops from a B lymphocyte in reaction to a specific antigen; found in bone marrow and sometimes in the blood
subtype: plasmablast the precursor of a plasma cell
subtype: granulocyte a leukocyte that has granules in its cytoplasm
subtype: monocyte a type of granular leukocyte that functions in the ingestion of bacteria
subtype: monoblast a large immature monocyte normally found in bone marrow
subtype: basophil__basophile a leukocyte with basophilic granules easily stained by basic stains
subtype: neutrophil__neutrophile the chief phagocytic leukocyte; stains with either basic or acid dyes
subtype: microphage a neutrophil that ingests small things (as bacteria)
subtype: eosinophil__eosinophile a leukocyte readily stained with eosin
subtype: packed_cells a preparation of blood cells separated from the liquid plasma; "packed cells are given to severely anemic patients in order to avoid overloading the circulatory system with too much fluid"
subtype: red_blood_cell__redbloodcell__RBC__erythrocyte a mature blood cell that contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the bodily tissues; a biconcave disc that has no nucleus
subtype: megalocyte__macrocyte abnormally large red blood cell (associated with pernicious anemia)
subtype: megaloblast abnormally large red blood cell present in pernicious anemia and folic acid deficiency
subtype: acanthocyte an abnormal red blood cell that has thorny projections of protoplasm
subtype: microcyte an abnormally small red blood cell (less than 5 microns in diameter)
subtype: reticulocyte an immature red blood cell containing a network of filaments or granules
subtype: sickle_cell an abnormal red blood cell that has a crescent shape and an abnormal form of hemoglobin
subtype: siderocyte an abnormal red blood cell containing granules of iron not bound in hemoglobin
subtype: spherocyte an abnormal spherical red blood cell
subtype: target_cell an abnormal red blood cell with a ringed appearance; associated with anemia
subtype: phagocyte__scavenger_cell__scavengercell a cell that engulfs and digests debris and invading microorganisms
subtype: macrophage a large phagocyte; some are fixed and other circulate in the blood stream
subtype: histiocyte a macrophage that is found in connective tissue
subtype: fixed_phagocyte a phagocyte that does not circulate in the blood but is fixed in the liver or spleen or bone marrow etc.
subtype: free_phagocyte a phagocyte that circulates in the blood
subtype: leukocyte__leucocyte__whitebloodcell__white_cell__whitecell__white_blood_corpuscle__whitebloodcorpuscle__white_corpuscle__whitecorpuscle__WBC blood cells that engulf and digest bacteria and fungi; an important part of the body's defense system
subtype: visual_cell one of the cells of the retina that is sensitive to light
subtype: retinal_cone__retinalcone__cone__cone_cell visual receptor cell sensitive to color
subtype: retinal_rod__retinalrod__rod__rodcell visual receptor cell sensitive to dim light
subtype: fat_cell__fatcell__adipose_cell__adiposecell cells composed of fat
subtype: muscle_cell__muscle_fiber__muscle_fibre an elongated contractile cell that forms the muscles of the body
subtype: striated_muscle_cell__striated_muscle_fiber an elongated contractile cell in striated muscle tissue
subtype: smooth_muscle_cell cells of the smooth muscles
subtype: Schwann_cell any cell that covers the nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system and forms the myelin sheath
subtype: nerve_cell__nervecell__neuron a cell that is specialized to conduct nerve impulses
subtype: brain_cell__braincell a nerve cell in the brain
subtype: Golgi's_cell__Golgi_cell a neuron in the cerebral cortex with short dendrites and with either a long axon or a short axon that ramifies in the gray matter
subtype: Purkinje_cell a large densely branching neuron that is the characteristic cell of the cerebellar cortex
subtype: motor_neuron__motorneuron__efferent_neuron__motor_nerve_fiber__motornervefiber__motoneuron a neuron conducting impulses outwards from the brain or spinal cord
subtype: sensory_neuron__sensoryneuron__afferent_neuron a neuron conducting impulses inwards to the brain or spinal cord
subtype: neurogliacyte__neuroglial_cell__glial_cell__glialcell a cell of the neuroglia
subtype: astrocyte comparatively large neuroglial cell
subtype: fibrous_astrocyte__fibrousastrocyte star-shaped cells with long processes; found in the white matter of the brain and spinal cord
subtype: protoplasmic_astrocyte a kind of astrocyte found in the gray matter
subtype: microgliacyte a cell of the microglia that may become phagocytic and collect waste products of nerve tissue
subtype: oligodendrocyte a cell of the oligodendroglia
subtype: hybridoma a hybrid cell resulting from the fusion of a lymphocyte and a tumor cell; used to culture a specific monoclonal antibody
subtype: mast_cell__mastocyte__labrocyte a large connective tissue cell that contains histamine and heparin and serotonin which are released in allergic reactions or in response to injury or inflammation
subtype: stem_cell an undifferentiated cell whose daughter cells may differentiate into other cell types (such as blood cells)
subtype: target_cell.somatic_cell__targetcell any cell that has a specific receptor for antigen or antibody or hormone
subtype: blastema a mass of undifferentiated cells from with an organ or body part develops
subtype: zygote__fertilized_ovum the cell resulting from the union of an ovum and a spermatozoon (including the organism that develops from that cell)
subtype: embryonic_cell__embryoniccell__formative_cell__formativecell a cell of an embryo
subtype: blastocyte an undifferentiated embryonic cell
subtype: ameloblast a cell from which tooth enamel develops
subtype: osteoblast__bone-forming_cell a cell from which bone develops
subtype: erythroblast a nucleated cell in bone marrow from which red blood cells develop
subtype: sideroblast an erythroblast having granules of ferritin
subtype: fibroblast a cell from which connective tissue develops
subtype: neuroblast a cell from which a nerve cell develops
subtype: akaryocyte__akaryote__acaryote a cell without a nucleus (as an erythrocyte)
subtype: reproductive_cell__germ_cell__sex_cell__sexcell a spermatozoon or an ovum
subtype: gamete a mature sexual reproductive cell having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
subtype: anisogamete either of a pair of unlike gametes especially those unlike in size
subtype: isogamete either of a pair of conjugating gametes of the same size and structure
subtype: sperm_cell__spermcell__sperm__spermatozoon__spermatozoan the male reproductive cell; the male gamete
subtype: ovum__egg_cell__eggcell the female reproductive cell; the female gamete
subtype: egg animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum or embryo together with nutritive and protective envelopes; especially the thin-shelled reproductive body laid by e.g. female birds
subtype: nit egg or young of an insect parasitic on mammals especially a sucking louse; often attached to a hair or item of clothing
subtype: spawn the mass of eggs deposited by fish or amphibians or molluscs
subtype: roe.spawn the egg mass or spawn of certain crustaceans such as the lobster
subtype: roe the eggs or egg-laden ovary of a fish
subtype: silkworm_seed eggs of a silkworm
subtype: roe.egg eggs of female fish
subtype: ootid mature ovum after penetration by sperm but before the formation of a zygote
subtype: ovule.ovum a small or immature ovum
subtype: spermatid an immature gamete produced by a spermatocyte; develops into a spermatozoon
subtype: oosphere used especially of lower plants
subtype: antherozoid__spermatozoid a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
subtype: gametocyte an immature animal or plant cell that develops into a gamete by meiosis
subtype: oocyte a female gametocyte that develops into an ovum after two meiotic divisions
subtype: spermatocyte a male gametocyte that develops into four spermatids
subtype: polar_body__polarbody a small cell containing little cytoplasm that is produced along with the oocyte and later discarded
subtype: Leydig_cell__Leydig's_cell a cell in the testes that secretes the hormone testosterone
subtype: Sertoli_cell__Sertoli's_cell elongated cells found in the seminiferous tubules of the testis; apparently they nourish the spermatids
subtype: archespore__archesporium primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
subtype: mother_cell cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops: "a sperm cell develops from a sperm mother cell"
subtype: spore_mother_cell cell from which a spore develops
subtype: arthrospore one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
subtype: arthrospore.cell a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria
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