#cartilaginous_fish__cartilaginousfish__chondrichthian  fishes in which the skeleton may be calcified but not ossified
  supertype:  fish  any of various mostly cold-blooded aquatic vertebrates usually having scales and breathing through gills
  member of:  class_Chondrichthyes
  subtype:  holocephalan  fish with high compressed head and a body tapering off into a long tail
     subtype:  chimaera  smooth-skinned deep-sea fish with a tapering body and long threadlike tail
        subtype:  rabbitfish__Chimaera_monstrosa  large European chimaera
  subtype:  elasmobranch__selachian  any of numerous fishes of the class Chondrichthyes characterized by a cartilaginous skeleton and placoid scales: sharks; rays; skates
     subtype:  shark  any of numerous elongate mostly marine carnivorous fishes with heterocercal caudal fins and tough skin covered with small toothlike scales
        subtype:  cow_shark__cowshark__six-gilled_shark__Hexanchus_griseus  large primitive shark widely distributed in warm seas
        subtype:  mackerel_shark  fierce pelagic and oceanic sharks
           subtype:  porbeagle__Lamna_nasus  voracious pointed-nose shark of northern Atlantic and Pacific
           subtype:  mako_shark__mako  powerful mackerel shark of the Atlantic and Pacific
              subtype:  shortfin_mako__Isurus_oxyrhincus  very swift active bluish shark found worldwide in warm waters; important game fish
              subtype:  longfin_mako__longfinmako__Isurus_paucus  similar to shortfin mako but darker blue
              subtype:  bonito_shark__blue_pointed__Isurus_glaucus  common blue-gray shark of southwest Pacific; sport and food fish
           subtype:  great_white_shark__greatwhiteshark__white_shark__whiteshark__man-eater__maneater__man-eating_shark__Carcharodon_carcharias  large aggressive shark widespread in warm seas; known to attack humans
           subtype:  basking_shark__baskingshark__Cetorhinus_maximus  large harmless plankton-eating northern shark; often swims slowly or floats at the sea surface
        subtype:  thresher_shark__thresher__thrasher__fox_shark__foxshark__Alopius_vulpinus  large pelagic shark of warm seas with a whiplike tail used to round up small fish on which to feed
        subtype:  carpet_shark__Orectolobus_barbatus  shark of the western Pacific with flattened body and mottled skin
        subtype:  nurse_shark__Ginglymostoma_cirratum  small bottom-dwelling shark of warm shallow waters on both coasts of North and South America and from southeast Asia to Australia
        subtype:  sand_tiger__sand_shark__Carcharias_taurus__Odontaspis_taurus  shallow-water shark with sharp jagged teeth found on both sides of Atlantic; sometimes dangerous to swimmers
        subtype:  whale_shark__whaleshark__Rhincodon_typus  large spotted shark of warm surface waters worldwide; resembles a whale and feeds chiefly on plankton
        subtype:  cat_shark__catshark  small bottom-dwelling sharks with catlike eyes; found along continental slopes
        subtype:  requiem_shark__requiemshark  any of numerous sharks from small relatively harmless bottom-dwellers to large dangerous oceanic and coastal species
           subtype:  bull_shark__cub_shark__cubshark__Carcharhinus_leucas  a most common shark in temperate and tropical coastal waters worldwide; heavy-bodied and dangerous
           subtype:  sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_plumbeus  most common gray shark along coasts of middle Atlantic states; sluggish and occasionally caught by fishermen
           subtype:  blacktip_shark__sandbar_shark__sandbarshark__Carcharhinus_limbatus  widely distributed shallow-water shark with fins seemingly dipped in ink
           subtype:  oceanic_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__white-tipped_shark__Carcharinus_longimanus  large deep-water shark with white-tipped dorsal fin; worldwide distribution; most dangerous shark
           subtype:  dusky_shark__duskyshark__Carcharhinus_obscurus  relatively slender blue-gray shark; nearly worldwide in tropical and temperate waters
           subtype:  lemon_shark__Negaprion_brevirostris  common shallow-water schooling shark of the Atlantic from North Carolina to Brazil and off west Africa; dangerous
           subtype:  great_blue_shark__blue_shark__Prionace_glauca  slender cosmopolitan, pelagic shark; blue body shades to white belly; dangerous especially during maritime disasters
           subtype:  tiger_shark__Galeocerdo_cuvieri  large dangerous warm-water shark with striped or spotted body
           subtype:  soupfin_shark__soupfinshark__soupfin__Galeorhinus_zyopterus  Pacific shark valued for its fins (used by Chinese in soup) and liver (rich in vitamin A)
        subtype:  dogfish  any of several small sharks
           subtype:  smooth_dogfish  small bottom-dwelling shark found along both Atlantic coasts
              subtype:  smoothhound_shark__smoothhoundshark__smoothhound__Mustelus_mustelus  smooth dogfish of European coastal waters
              subtype:  American_smooth_dogfish__Mustelus_canis  found along the Atlantic coast of the Americas
              subtype:  Florida_smoothhound__Mustelus_norrisi  found from the northern Gulf of Mexico to Brazil
              subtype:  reef_whitetip_shark__whitetip_shark__Triaenodon_obseus  smooth dogfish of Pacific and Indian oceans and Red Sea having white-tipped dorsal and caudal fins
           subtype:  spiny_dogfish__spinydogfish  small bottom-dwelling dogfishes
              subtype:  Atlantic_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_acanthias  destructive dogfish of American and European Atlantic coastal waters; widely used in anatomy classes
              subtype:  Pacific_spiny_dogfish__Squalus_suckleyi  dogfish of Pacific coast of North America
        subtype:  hammerhead_shark__hammerhead  medium-sized live-bearing shark with eyes at either end of a flattened hammer-shaped head; worldwide in warm waters; can be dangerous
           subtype:  smooth_hammerhead__Sphyrna_zygaena  fished for the hides and vitamin-rich liver
           subtype:  smalleye_hammerhead__Sphyrna_tudes  fished for the hide and vitamin-rich liver
           subtype:  shovelhead__bonnethead__bonnet_shark__Sphyrna_tiburo  small harmless hammerhead having a spade-shaped head; abundant in bays and estuaries
        subtype:  angel_shark__angelshark__angelfish__Squatina_squatina__monkfish  sharks with broad flat bodies and winglike pectoral fins but that swim the way sharks do
     subtype:  ray  cartilaginous fishes having horizontally flattened bodies and enlarged winglike pectoral fins with gills on the underside; most swim by moving the pectoral fins
        subtype:  electric_ray__crampfish__numbfish__torpedo  any sluggish bottom-dwelling ray of the order Torpediniformes having a rounded body and electric organs on each side of the head capable of emitting strong electric discharges
        subtype:  sawfish  primitive ray with sharp teeth on each edge of a long flattened snout
           subtype:  smalltooth_sawfish__Pristis_pectinatus  commonly found in tropical bays and estuaries; not aggressive
        subtype:  guitarfish  primitive tropical bottom-dwelling ray with a guitar-shaped body
        subtype:  stingray  large venomous ray with large barbed spines near the base of a thin whiplike tail capable of inflicting severe wounds
           subtype:  roughtail_stingray__roughtailstingray__Dasyatis_centroura  one of the largest stingrays; found from Cape Cod to Cape Hatteras
           subtype:  butterfly_ray__butterflyray  short-tailed broad-finned stingray
        subtype:  eagle_ray__eagleray  powerful free-swimming tropical ray noted for `soaring' by flapping winglike fins; usually harmless but has venomous tissue near base of the tail as in stingrays
           subtype:  spotted_eagle_ray__spottedeagleray__spotted_ray__spottedray__Aetobatus_narinari  ray with back covered with white or yellow spots; widely distributed in warm seas
           subtype:  cownose_ray__cownoseray__cow-nosed_ray__cownosedray__Rhinoptera_bonasus  large ray found along eastern coast of North America
        subtype:  manta_ray__mantaray__manta__devilfish  extremely large pelagic tropical ray that feeds on plankton and small fishes; usually harmless but its size make it dangerous if harpooned
           subtype:  Atlantic_manta__Manta_birostris  largest manta (to 22 feet across wings); found worldwide but common in Gulf of Mexico and along southern coasts of United States; primarily oceanic
           subtype:  devil_ray__devilray__Mobula_hypostoma  small manta (to 4 feet) that travels in schools
        subtype:  skate  large edible rays having a long snout and thick tail with pectoral fins continuous with the head; swim by undulating the edges of the pectoral fins
           subtype:  gray_skate__Raja_batis  common European skate used as food
           subtype:  little_skate__Raja_erinacea  most plentiful skate in North American inshore waters in summer; to 21 inches
           subtype:  thorny_skate__Raja_radiata  cold-water bottom fish with spines on the back; to 40 inches
           subtype:  barndoor_skate__Raja_laevis  one of the largest skates (to 5 feet); an active skate easy to hook

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