#brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease  any disorder or disease of the brain
  supertype:  #nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease  a disorder of the nervous system
  subtype:  #epilepsy  a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
     subtype:  #akinetic_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized by akinesia
     subtype:  #cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
        subtype:  #Jacksonian_epilepsy  focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
        subtype:  #sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy  focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
     subtype:  #grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy  epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
     subtype:  #myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease  epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
     subtype:  #petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence  epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
        subtype:  #complex_absence  petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
        subtype:  #pure_absence__simple_absence  petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
        subtype:  #subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence  transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
     subtype:  #posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy  a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
     subtype:  #procursive_epilepsy  epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
     subtype:  #psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy  epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
     subtype:  #reflex_epilepsy  a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
        subtype:  #musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by music
        subtype:  #photogenic_epilepsy  reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
     subtype:  #status_epilepticus  a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
     subtype:  #tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy  epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
  subtype:  #apraxia  inability to make purposeful movements
  subtype:  #paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy  a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
  subtype:  #cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi  a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
  subtype:  #agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia  a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
  subtype:  #acataphasia  a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
  subtype:  #aphasia  inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
     subtype:  #auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness  an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
     subtype:  #conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia  aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
     subtype:  #global_aphasia__total_aphasia  loss of all ability to communicate
     subtype:  #motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia  aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
     subtype:  #nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia  inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
     subtype:  #transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia  a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
     subtype:  #visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness  inability to perceive written words
     subtype:  #Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia  aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
  subtype:  #agnosia  inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
  subtype:  #Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease  rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
  subtype:  #Wernicke's_encephalopathy  inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism

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