#body_substance the substance of the body
supertype: substance__matter that which has mass and occupies space; "an atom is the smallest indivisible unit of matter"
substance of: body
subtype: solid_body_substance the solid parts of the body
subtype: scab the crustlike surface of a healing skin lesion
subtype: eschar a dry scab formed on the skin following a burn or cauterization of the skin
subtype: node any bulge or swelling of an anatomical structure or part
subtype: nodule a small node
subtype: tooth_enamel__toothenamel__enamel hard white substance covering the crown of a tooth
subtype: cementum__cement a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth
subtype: liquid_body_substance__bodily_fluid__body_fluid__humor__humour the liquid parts of the body
subtype: aqueous_humor__aqueoushumor__aqueous_humour__aqueoushumour the limpid fluid within the eyeball between the cornea and the lens
subtype: vitreous_humor__vitreous_humour__vitreous_body the clear colorless transparent jelly that fills the posterior chamber of the eyeball
subtype: endolymph the bodily fluid that fills the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
subtype: perilymph the bodily fluid that fills the space between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear
subtype: extracellular_fluid__extracellularfluid__ECF liquid containing proteins and electrolytes including the liquid in blood plasma and interstitial fluid; "the body normally has about 15 quarts of extracellular fluid"
subtype: interstitial_fluid liquid found between the cells of the body that provides much of the liquid environment of the body
subtype: plasm__plasma colorless watery fluid of blood and lymph containing no cells and in which erythrocytes and leukocytes and platelets are suspended
subtype: blood_plasma__bloodplasma plasma that separates from blood in coagulation
subtype: intracellular_fluid__intracellularfluid liquid contained inside the cell membranes (usually containing dissolved solutes)
subtype: succus__juice any of several liquids of the body
subtype: cancer_juice a milky substance found in certain cancerous growths
subtype: digestive_juice__digestivejuice__digestive_fluid__digestivefluid secretions that aid digestion
subtype: gastric_juice__gastricjuice digestive secretions of the stomach glands consisting chiefly of hydrochloric acid and mucin and the enzymes pepsin and rennin and lipase
subtype: pancreatic_juice a fluid secreted into the duodenum by the pancreas; important for breaking down starches and proteins and fats
subtype: bile__gall a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats
subtype: karyolymph a clear liquid in the cell nucleus in which the nucleolus and chromatin and other structures are dispersed
subtype: milk.nutriment produced by mammary glands of female mammals for feeding their young
subtype: mother's_milk milk secreted by a woman who has recently given birth
subtype: colostrum__foremilk milky fluid secreted for the first day or two after parturition
subtype: amniotic_fluid__amnionic_fluid__waters the serous fluid in which the embryo is suspended inside the amnion; "before a woman gives birth her waters break"
subtype: blood the fluid (red in vertebrates) that is pumped by the heart; "blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissues and carries waste products away"; "the ancients believed that blood was the seat of the emotions"
subtype: arterial_blood blood found in arteries; "except for the pulmonary artery the arterial blood is rich in oxygen"
subtype: gore.blood coagulated blood from a wound
subtype: lifeblood.blood the blood considered as the seat of vitality
subtype: bloodstream the blood flowing through the circulatory system
subtype: blood_clot__bloodclot a semisolid mass of coagulated red and white blood cells
subtype: menorrhea__menstrual_blood__menstrualblood__menstrual_flow__menstrualflow flow of blood from the uterus; occurs at roughly monthly intervals during a woman's reproductive years
subtype: venous_blood blood found in the veins; "except in the pulmonary vein venous blood is rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen"
subtype: whole_blood blood that has not been modified except for the addition of an anticoagulant; "whole blood is normally used in blood transfusions"
subtype: blood_serum__bloodserum__serum watery fluid of the blood that resembles plasma but contains fibrinogen
subtype: antiserum blood serum containing antibodies against specific antigens; provides immunity to a disease
subtype: milk_whey__whey the serum or watery part of milk that is separated from the curd in making cheese
subtype: chyle a milky fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats; formed in the small intestine during digestion of ingested fats
subtype: lymph a thin coagulable fluid (similar to plasma but) containing white blood cells (lymphocytes) and chyle; is conveyed to the blood stream by lymphatic vessels
subtype: semen__seed__seminal_fluid__seminalfluid__ejaculate__cum the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract
subtype: milt seminal fluid produced by male fish
subtype: ink.liquid_body_substance dark protective fluid ejected into the water by cuttlefish and other cephalopods
subtype: secretion a functionally specialized substance (especially one that is not a waste) released from a gland or cell
subtype: ganoin__ganoine shiny substance that resemble enamel and is secreted by the corium of certain fishes (especially ganoid fishes) and composes the outer layer of their scales
subtype: lacrimal_secretion__lachrymal_secretion__lachrymalsecretion saline fluid secreted by lacrimal glands; lubricates the surface of the eyeball
subtype: perspiration__sweat__sudor salty fluid secreted by sweat glands; "sweat poured off his brow"
subtype: hormone__internalsecretion an endocrine secretion that is transmitted by the blood to the tissue on which it has a specific effect
subtype: adrenocorticotropic_hormone__adrenocorticotropichormone__adrenocorticotrophic_hormone__ACTH__adrenocorticotropin__adrenocorticotrophin__corticotropin__corticotrophin a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal cortex
subtype: epinephrine__epinephrin__adrenaline__Adrenalin a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action
subtype: gastrin polypeptide hormone secreted by the mucous lining of the stomach; induces the secretion of gastric juice
subtype: glucagon a hormone secreted by the pancreas; stimulates increases in blood sugar levels in the blood (thus opposing the action of insulin)
subtype: gonadotropin__gonadotrophin__gonadotropic_hormone__gonadotrophic_hormone__gonadotrophichormone hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and placenta; stimulates the gonads and controls reproductive activity
subtype: follicle-stimulating_hormone__FSH a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates growth of Graafian follicles in female mammals, and activates sperm-forming cells in male mammals
subtype: human_chorionic_gonadotropin__humanchorionicgonadotropin__human_chorionic_gonadotrophin__humanchorionicgonadotrophin__hcg hormone produced early in pregnancy by the placenta; detection in the urine and serum is the basis for one kind of pregnancy test
subtype: luteinizing_hormone__LH__interstitial_cell-stimulating_hormone__ICSH a gonadotropic hormone that is secreted by the anterior pituitary; stimulates ovulation in female mammals and stimulates androgen release in male mammals
subtype: prolactin__lactogenichormone__luteotropin gonadotropic hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary; in females it stimulates growth of the mammary glands and lactation after parturition
subtype: insulin hormone secreted by the isles of Langerhans in the pancreas; regulates storage of glycogen in the liver and accelerates oxidation of sugar in cells
subtype: Lente_Insulin__Lente_Iletin trade names for forms of insulin that are used to treat diabetes mellitus
subtype: recombinant_human_insulin__recombinanthumaninsulin__humulin a form of insulin (trade name Humulin) made from recombinant DNA that is identical to human insulin; used to treat diabetics who are allergic to preparations made from beef or pork insulin
subtype: melatonin hormone secreted by the pineal gland
subtype: neurohormone a hormone that is released by nerve impulses (e.g., norepinephrine or vasopressin)
subtype: oxytocin__Pitocin hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitocin); stimulates contractions of the uterus and ejection of milk
subtype: parathyroid_hormone__parathyroidhormone__parathormone hormone synthesized and released into the blood stream by the parathyroid glands; regulates phosphorus and calcium in the body and functions in neuromuscular excitation and blood clotting
subtype: relaxin hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during the last days of pregnancy; relaxes the pelvic ligaments and prepares the uterus for labor
subtype: hypothalamic_releasing_hormone__releasing_hormone__releasinghormone__RH__releasing_factor__releasingfactor__hypothalamic_releasing_factor any of several hormones produced in the hypothalamus and carried by a vein to the anterior pituitary gland where they stimulate the release of anterior pituitary hormones; each releasing hormone causes the anterior pituitary to secrete a specific hormone
subtype: secretin peptic hormone produced by the mucous lining of the small intestine; can stimulate secretion by the pancreas and liver
subtype: somatotropin__somatotrophin__somatotropic_hormone__somatotrophic_hormone__somatotrophichormone__STH__human_growth_hormone__growth_hormone a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland; promotes growth in humans
subtype: Protropin trade name of a synthetic human growth hormone given to children deficient in the hormone; use by athletes and weight lifters is banned by the United States Olympic Committee
subtype: thymosin hormone secreted by the thymus; stimulates immunological activity of lymphoid tissue
subtype: thyroid_hormone any of several closely related compounds that are produced by the thyroid gland and are active metabolically
subtype: calcitonin__thyrocalcitonin thyroid hormone that tends to lower the level of calcium in the blood plasma and inhibit resorption of bone
subtype: thyroxine__thyroxin__tetraiodothyronine__T hormone produced by the thyroid glands to regulate metabolism by controlling the rate of oxidation in cells; "thyroxine is 65% iodine"
subtype: triiodothyronine__liothyronine__T thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but with one less iodine atom per molecule and produced in smaller quantity; exerts the same biological effects as thyroxine but is more potent and briefer
subtype: vasopressin__antidiuretic_hormone__ADH__Pitressin hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland (trade name Pitressin) and also by nerve endings in the hypothalamus; affects blood pressure by stimulating capillary muscles and reduces urine flow by affecting reabsorption of water by kidney tubules
subtype: steroid_hormone__steroidhormone__steroid__sexhormone any hormone affecting the development and growth of sex organs
subtype: progestin__progestogen any of a group of steroid hormones that have the effect of progesterone
subtype: progesterone__Lipo-Lutin a steroid hormone (trade name Lipo-Lutin) produced in the ovary; prepares and maintains the uterus for pregnancy
subtype: megesterol__megestrol_acetate__megestrolacetate a synthetic progestational compound used to treat endometrial carcinoma
subtype: norethindrone_acetate__norethindroneacetate__norethindrone__norethandrolone__Norlutin a synthetic progestational hormone (trade name Norlutin) used in oral contraceptives and to treat endometriosis
subtype: norethynodrel a progesterone derivative used in oral contraceptives and in the control of menstruation and the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding
subtype: norgestrel synthetic progestin used in oral contraceptives
subtype: medroxyprogesterone__Provera a progestin compound (trade name Provera) used to treat menstrual disorders
subtype: androgen__androgenic_hormone male sex hormone that is produced in the testes and responsible for typical male sexual characteristics
subtype: androsterone an androgenic hormone that is less active than testosterone
subtype: methyltestosterone an androgenic compound contained in drugs that are used to treat testosterone deficiency and female breast cancer and to stimulate growth and weight gain
subtype: nandrolone__Durabolin__Kabolin an androgen (trade names Durabolin or Kabolin) that is used to treat testosterone deficiency or breast cancer or osteoporosis
subtype: testosterone a potent androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes; responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics
subtype: estrogen__oestrogen a general term for female steroid sex hormones that are secreted by the ovary and responsible for typical female sexual characteristics
subtype: diethylstilbestrol__diethylstilboestrol__stilboestrol__DES a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry
subtype: estradiol__oestradiol the most powerful female hormone that occurs naturally; synthesized and used to treat estrogen deficiency and breast cancer
subtype: estriol__oestriol a naturally occurring estrogenic hormone; a synthetic form is used to treat estrogen deficiency
subtype: estrone__oestrone__theelin__Estronol a naturally occurring weak estrogenic hormone secreted by the mammalian ovary; synthesized (trade name Estronol) and used to treat estrogen deficiency
subtype: hexestrol estrogen compound used to treat menstrual irregularities and menopausal symptoms and to prevent pregnancy
subtype: mestranol a synthetic form of estrogen used in combination with a progestin in oral contraceptives
subtype: corticosteroid__corticoid__adrenalcorticalsteroid a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized; administered as drugs they reduce swelling and decrease the body's immune response; "adrenal cortical steroids are used to treat many different conditions"
subtype: mineralocorticoid hormone that is one of the steroids of the adrenal cortex that influences the metabolism of sodium and potassium
subtype: aldosterone a corticosteroid hormone that is secreted by the cortex of the adrenal gland; regulates salt (sodium and potassium) and water balance
subtype: glucocorticoid a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity
subtype: corticosterone secreted by the adrenal cortex; involved in regulating water and electrolyte balance in the body
subtype: prednisolone__Pediapred__Prelone a glucocorticoid (trade names Pediapred or Prelone) used to treat inflammatory conditions
subtype: prednisone__Orasone__Deltasone__Liquid_pred__Meticorten a dehydrogenated analogue of cortisol (trade names Orasone or Deltasone or Liquid Pred or Meticorten); used as an anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of arthritis and as an immunosuppressant
subtype: hydrocortisone__cortisol__Hydrocortone__Cortef an adrenal-cortex hormone (trade names Hydrocortone or Cortef) that is active in carbohydrate and protein metabolism
subtype: cortisone__Cortone_Acetate a corticosteroid hormone (trade name Cortone Acetate) normally produced by the adrenal cortex; is converted to hydrocortisone
subtype: dexamethasone__Decadron__Dexamethasone_Intensol__Dexone__Hexadrol__Oradexon a corticosteroid drug (trade names Decadron or Dexamethasone Intensol or Dexone or Hexadrol or Oradexon) used to treat allergies or inflammation
subtype: spironolactone__Aldactone a synthetic corticosteroid (trade name Aldactone) used to treat hypertension
subtype: triamcinolone__Aristocort__Aristopak__Kenalog a synthetic corticosteroid (trade names Aristocort or Aristopak or Kenalog) used as an anti-inflammatory agent
subtype: anabolic_steroid any of a group of synthetic steroid hormones used to stimulate muscle and bone growth; sometimes used illicitly by athletes to increase their strength
subtype: adrenosterone a steroid having androgenic activity; obtained from the cortex of the adrenal gland
subtype: glucocorticoid a steroid hormone that is produced by the adrenal cortex of animals; affects functioning of gonads and has anti-inflammatory activity
subtype: catecholamine any of a group of chemicals including epinephrine and norepinephrine that are produced in the medulla of the adrenal gland
subtype: noradrenaline a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses
subtype: epinephrine__epinephrin__adrenaline__Adrenalin a catecholamine secreted by the adrenal medulla in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin); stimulates autonomic nerve action
subtype: melanocyte-stimulating_hormone__MSH a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that controls the degree of pigmentation in melanocytes
subtype: thyrotropin__thyrotropichormone__thyrotrophin__thyrotrophic_hormone__thyroid-stimulating_hormone__TSH__tsh anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the function of the thyroid gland
subtype: thyrotropin-releasing_hormone__thyrotropinreleasinghormone__trh__thyrotropin-releasing_factor__thyrotropinreleasingfactor__TRF__trf__protirelin hormone released by the hypothalamus that controls the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary
subtype: intestinal_juice secretions by glands lining the walls of the intestines
subtype: autacoid__autocoid any physiologically active internal secretion especially one of uncertain classification
subtype: prostaglandin potent hormone-like substance found in many bodily tissues (and especially in semen); produced in response to trauma and may affect blood pressure and metabolism and smooth muscle activity
subtype: synovia__synovialfluid viscid lubricating fluid secreted by the membrane lining joints and tendon sheaths etc.
subtype: mucus__mucu__mucous_secretion protective secretion of the mucous membranes
subtype: sputum__phlegm expectorated matter; saliva mixed with discharges from the respiratory passages; in ancient and medieval physiology it was believed to cause sluggishness
subtype: snot nasal mucus
subtype: booger dried nasal mucus
subtype: leukorrhea__leucorrhea discharge of white mucous material from the vagina; often an indication of infection
subtype: saliva__spit__spittle a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches
subtype: drool__dribble__slobber saliva spilling from the mouth
subtype: tobacco_juice__tobaccojuice saliva colored brown by tobacco (snuff or chewing tobacco)
subtype: sebum the oily secretion of the sebaceous glands; with perspiration it moistens and protects the skin
subtype: smegma a white secretion of the sebaceous glands of the foreskin
subtype: royal_jelly__royaljelly a secretion of the pharyngeal glands of bees that is fed to very young larvae and to bees destined to be queens
subtype: musk.secretion an odorous glandular secretion from the male musk deer; used as a perfume fixative
subtype: nectar a sweet liquid secretion that is attractive to pollinators
subtype: pheromone a chemical substance secreted externally by some animals (especially insects) that influences the physiology or behavior of other animals of the same species
subtype: black_bile__blackbile__melancholy a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the kidneys or spleen and to cause sadness and melancholy
subtype: yellow_bile__choler a humor that was once believed to be secreted by the liver and to cause irritability and anger
subtype: lochia substance discharged from the vagina (cellular debris and mucus and blood) that gradually decreases in amount during the weeks following childbirth
subtype: pus__pu__purulence__ichor__sanies__festering a fluid product of inflammation
subtype: gleet a thin morbid discharge as from a wound or especially chronic gonorrhea
subtype: spinal_fluid__cerebrospinal_fluid__cerebrospinalfluid clear liquid produced in the ventricles of the brain; fills and protects cavities in the brain and spinal cord
subtype: chromatin the readily stainable substance of a cell nucleus consisting of DNA and RNA and various proteins
subtype: sex_chromatin__sexchromatin chromatin found only in female cells; "the presence or absence of sex chromatin in cells obtained by amniocentesis makes it possible to determine the sex of a fetus"
subtype: achromatin the part of a cell nucleus that is relatively uncolored by stains or dyes
subtype: intercellular_substance__intercellularsubstance__matrix__ground_substance the body substance in which tissue cells are embedded
subtype: humour__humor one of the four fluids in the body whose balance was believed (in ancient and medieval physiology) to determine your emotional and physical state; "the humors are blood and phlegm and yellow and black bile"
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