#blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder  a disease or disorder of the blood
  supertype:  #blood_dyscrasia  any abnormal condition of the blood
  subtype:  #cytopenia  a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
     subtype:  #hematocytopenia  an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
     subtype:  #pancytopenia  an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
  subtype:  #acidemia  a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
  subtype:  #alkalemia  a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
  subtype:  #acanthocytosis  the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
  subtype:  #agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia  an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
  subtype:  #analbuminemia  an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
  subtype:  #Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome  a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
  subtype:  #parasitemia__parasitaemia  a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
  subtype:  #hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease  congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
     subtype:  #hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia  hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
     subtype:  #hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease  a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
     subtype:  #von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia  a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
  subtype:  #afibrinogenemia  the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
     subtype:  #congenital_afibrinogenemia  a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
  subtype:  #blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia  invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
     subtype:  #puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever  serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
     subtype:  #pyemia__pyaemia  septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
     subtype:  #toxemia__toxaemia  blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
     subtype:  #fowl_cholera  an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
     subtype:  #shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia  a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
  subtype:  #hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy  a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
  subtype:  #histiocytosis  a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
     subtype:  #Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease  inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
  subtype:  #hydremia  blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
  subtype:  #hypothrombinemia  a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
  subtype:  #hypervolemia__hypervolaemia  a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
  subtype:  #hypovolemia  a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
  subtype:  #anemia__anaemia  a deficiency of red blood cells
     subtype:  #aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia  anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
     subtype:  #erythroblastosis_fetalis  severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
     subtype:  #Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia  a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
     subtype:  #favism  anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
     subtype:  #hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia  anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
     subtype:  #hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia  anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
     subtype:  #hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia  anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
        subtype:  #thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia  an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
           subtype:  #Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major  a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
     subtype:  #hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia  anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
     subtype:  #iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia  a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
        subtype:  #chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes  iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
     subtype:  #ischemia__ischaemia  local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
        subtype:  #ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke  the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
        subtype:  #transient_ischemic_attack__TIA  brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
     subtype:  #macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
     subtype:  #microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia  anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
     subtype:  #pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia  a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
        subtype:  #megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia  anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
        subtype:  #metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia  pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
     subtype:  #refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia  any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
        subtype:  #sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia  refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
     subtype:  #sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia  a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
  subtype:  #leukocytosis__leucocytosis  an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
  subtype:  #leukopenia__leucopenia  an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
     subtype:  #neutropenia  leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
        subtype:  #cyclic_neutropenia  neutropenia that occurs periodically
  subtype:  #lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia  an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
  subtype:  #lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi  an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
  subtype:  #microcytosis  a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
  subtype:  #polycythemia  a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
  subtype:  #purpura__peliosis  any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
     subtype:  #nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura  purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
     subtype:  #idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease  purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
  subtype:  #thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia  a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
     subtype:  #essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia  the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
  subtype:  #uratemia  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
  subtype:  #uricaciduria  presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout

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