#basic_cognitive_process__basiccognitiveproces cognitive processes involved in obtaining and storing knowledge
supertype: cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
subtype: attending__attention the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others
subtype: heed__attentiveness__attentivenes__paying_attention paying particular notice (as to children or helpless people); "his attentiveness to her wishes"; "he spends without heed to the consequences"
subtype: advertence__advertency the process of being heedful
subtype: clock-watching__clockwatching paying excessive attention to the clock (in anticipation of stopping work)
subtype: ear.attending attention to what is said; "he tried to get her ear"
subtype: eye.attending attention to what is seen; "he tried to catch her eye"
subtype: observance__notice__observation the act of noticing or paying attention; "he escaped the notice of the police"
subtype: mind.observance attention; "don't pay him any mind"
subtype: remark__observation explicit notice; "it passed without remark"
subtype: notice.attending polite or favorable attention; "his hard work soon attracted the teacher's notice"
subtype: inattention lack of attention
subtype: heedlessness__inattentiveness a lack of attentiveness (as to children or helpless people)
subtype: distraction.inattention an obstacle to attention
subtype: neglect__disregard lack of attention and due care
subtype: omission.neglect neglecting to do something; leaving out or passing over something
subtype: inadvertence__oversight an unintentional omission resulting from failure to notice something
subtype: pretermission__disregard letting pass without notice
subtype: exception.omission__elision a deliberate act of omission; "with the exception of the children, everyone was told the news"
subtype: intuition instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)
subtype: feeling.intuition an intuitive understanding of something; "he had a great feeling for music"
subtype: gnosis intuitive knowledge of spiritual truths; said to have been possessed by ancient Gnostics
subtype: sixth_sense__sixthsense__insight grasping the inner nature of things intuitively
subtype: immediate_apprehension__immediateapprehension__immediacy immediate intuitive awareness
subtype: inspiration.intuition a sudden intuition as part of solving a problem
subtype: perception the process of perceiving
subtype: constancy the tendency for perceived objects to give rise to very similar perceptual experiences in spite of wide variations in the conditions of observation
subtype: brightness_constancy the tendency for a visual object to be perceived as having the same brightness under widely different conditions of illumination
subtype: color_constancy__colour_constancy the tendency for a color to look the same under widely different viewing conditions
subtype: shape_constancy the tendency to perceive the shape of a rigid object as constant despite differences in the viewing angle (and consequent differences in the shape of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: size_constancy the tendency to perceive the veridical size of a familiar object despite differences in their distance (and consequent differences in the size of the pattern projected on the retina of the eye)
subtype: detection__sensing the perception that something has occurred or some state exists; "early detection can often lead to a cure"
subtype: visual_perception__beholding__seeing perception by means of the eyes
subtype: contrast.visual_perception the perceptual effect of the juxtaposition of very different colors
subtype: face_recognition the visual perception of familiar faces
subtype: object_recognition the visual perception of familiar objects
subtype: visual_space the visual perception of space
subtype: optical_fusion__opticalfusion__fusion the combining of images from the two eyes to form a single visual percept
subtype: auditory_perception__sound_perception__soundperception the perception of sound as a meaningful phenomenon
subtype: speech_perception the auditory perception (and comprehension) of speech
subtype: musical_perception__musicalperception the auditory perception of musical sounds
subtype: melody__tonal_pattern__tonalpattern the perception of pleasant arrangements of musical notes
subtype: somesthesia__somatesthesia__somatic_sensation the perception of tactual or proprioceptive or gut sensations; "he relied on somesthesia to warn him of pressure changes"
subtype: feeling.somesthesia a physical sensation that you experience; "he had a queasy feeling"; "I had a strange feeling in my leg"; "he lost all feeling in his arm"
subtype: prickling__tingle__tingling a prickling somatic sensation as from many tiny pricks
subtype: pins_and_needles a sharp tingling sensation from lack of circulation
subtype: pressure_sensation__pressure the somatic sensation of pressure; "the sensitivity of his skin to pressure and temperature was normal"
subtype: painful_sensation__painfulsensation__pain a somatic sensation of acute discomfort; "as the intensity increased the sensation changed from tickle to pain"
subtype: mittelschmerz pain in the area of the ovary that is felt at the time of ovulation (usually midway through the menstrual cycle)
subtype: phantom_limb_pain pain felt by an amputee that seems to be located in the missing limb
subtype: twinge a sharp stab of pain
subtype: temperature.somesthesia the somatic sensation of cold or heat
subtype: heat__warmth the sensation caused by heat energy
subtype: cold__coldness the sensation produced by low temperatures; "he shivered from the cold"; "the cold helped clear his head"
subtype: comfort_zone__comfortzone the temperature range (between 28 and 30 degrees Centigrade) at which the naked human body is able to maintain a heat balance without shivering or sweating
subtype: touch_sensation__touch__tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactile_sensation__tactilesensation__feeling the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin; "she likes the touch of silk on her skin"; "the surface had a greasy feeling"
subtype: cutaneous_sensation__cutaneoussensation__haptic_sensation__skin_sensation a sensation localized on the skin
subtype: tickle a cutaneous sensation often resulting from light stroking
subtype: itchiness__itchines__itching an irritating cutaneous sensation that produces a desire to scratch
subtype: pruritus an intense itching sensation that can have various causes (as by allergies or infection or lymphoma or jaundice etc.)
subtype: pruritus_ani chronic itching of the skin around the anus
subtype: pruritus_vulvae persistent itching of the external female genitalia
subtype: topognosia__topognosis recognition of the location of a stimulus on the skin
subtype: apperception the process whereby perceived qualities of an object are related to past experience
subtype: believing the cognitive process that leads to convictions; "seeing is believing"
subtype: doublethink believing two contradictory ideas at the same time
subtype: classification.basic_cognitive_process__categorization__categorisation__sorting the basic cognitive process of arranging into classes or categories
subtype: appraisal__assessment the classification of someone or something with respect to its worth
subtype: critical_appraisal__critical_analysis an appraisal based on careful analytical evaluation
subtype: critique__criticism a serious examination and judgment of something; "constructive criticism is always appreciated"
subtype: examen a critical study (as of a writer's work)
subtype: knock.critique__roast negative criticism
subtype: self-criticism criticism of yourself
subtype: valuation__evaluation__rating an appraisal of the value of something
subtype: overvaluation too high a value or price assigned to something
subtype: undervaluation too low a value or price assigned to something
subtype: pricing the evaluation of something in terms of its price
subtype: price_gouging__pricegouging pricing above the market when no alternative retailer is available
subtype: reevaluation the evaluation of something a second time (or more)
subtype: mark.valuation__grade__score a number or letter indicating quality (especially of a student's performance); "she made good marks in algebra"; "grade A milk"; "what was your score on your homework?"
subtype: percentile__centile (statistics) any of the 99 numbered points that divide an ordered set of scores into 100 parts each of which contains one-hundredth of the total
subtype: decile (statistics) any of nine points that divided a distribution of ranked scores into equal intervals where each interval contains one-tenth of the scores
subtype: quartile (statistics) any of three points that divide an ordered distribution into four parts each containing one quarter of the scores
subtype: bond_rating an evaluation by a rating company of the probability that a particular bond issue will default; bonds of the highest quality are said to have AAA ratings
subtype: assay an appraisal of the state of affairs; "they made an assay of the contents"; "a check on its dependability under stress"
subtype: diagnostic_test__test__diagnostic_assay an assay conducted for diagnostic purposes
subtype: biopsy examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease
subtype: blood_test__bloodtest a serologic analysis of a sample of blood
subtype: agglutination_test__agglutinationtest a blood test used to identify unknown antigens; blood with the unknown antigen is mixed with a known antibody and whether or not agglutination occurs helps to identify the antigen; used in tissue matching and blood grouping and diagnosis of infections
subtype: heterophil_test__heterophiltest a blood test to detect heterophil antibodies that agglutinate sheep red blood cells; positive result indicates infectious mononucleosis
subtype: Widal_test__Widal's_test a test for detecting typhoid fever and other salmonella infections
subtype: complement_fixation_test a blood test in which a sample of serum is exposed to a particular antigen and complement in order to determine whether or not antibodies to that particular antigen are present; used as a diagnostic test
subtype: Wassermann_test__wassermanntest__Wasserman_reaction__Wassermann a blood test to detect syphilis; a complement fixation test is used to detect antibodies to the syphilis organism treponema; a positive reaction indicates the presence of antibodies and therefore syphilis infection
subtype: PSA_blood_test a blood test that measures levels of a protein called prostate specific antigen that is manufactured exclusively by the prostate gland; men with prostate problems usually have elevated levels of PSA
subtype: chorionic_villus_sampling__chorionic_villus_biopsy a prenatal test to detect birth defects at an early stage of pregnancy; tissue from the chorionic villi is assayed
subtype: needle_biopsy biopsy of deep tissue that is obtained through a hollow needle
subtype: cloze_procedure__clozeprocedure__cloze_test__clozetest a test for diagnosing reading ability; words are deleted from a prose passage and the reader is required to fill in the blanks
subtype: fecal_occult_test__faecal_occult_test__stool_test__stooltest a take-home test in which you collect specimens of your stool that are tested for traces of blood; used to detect colorectal cancers
subtype: GI_series diagnostic tests of the alimentary canal; usually involves inserting a contrast medium (such as barium sulfate) and taking an X-ray
subtype: glucose_tolerance_test__glucosetolerancetest test of the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates; used in the diagnosis of hypoglycemia and diabetes mellitus
subtype: Pap_test__Papanicolaou_test__smear_test__smeartest a method of examining stained cells in a cervical smear for early diagnosis of uterine cancer
subtype: PKU_test a test of newborn infants for phenylketonuria
subtype: Queckenstedt's_test a test to determine whether there is a blockage of the spinal canal
subtype: radioactive_iodine_test test of thyroid function in which the patient is give an oral does of radioactive iodine-131
subtype: radioactive_iodine_excretion_test radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine excreted in the urine
subtype: radioactive_iodine_uptake_test__RAIU radioactive iodine test that measures the amount of radioactive iodine taken up by the thyroid gland
subtype: Rubin_test test to determine the patency of the Fallopian tubes
subtype: skin_test any test to determine immunity or sensitivity to a disease by introducing small amounts on or into the skin
subtype: Dick_test a skin test to determine your susceptibility to scarlet fever
subtype: patch_test__patchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity by applying small pads soaked with allergen to the unbroken skin
subtype: Schick_test a skin test for immunity to diphtheria
subtype: scratch_test__scratchtest a test to determine allergic sensitivity to various substances by applying them to scratches in the skin
subtype: tuberculin_test__tuberculin_skin_test a skin test to determine past or present infection with the tuberculosis bacterium; based on hypersensitivity of the skin to tuberculin
subtype: Mantoux_test tuberculin (a derivative of tubercle bacillus) is injected intradermally; a red area appearing 1-3 days later signifies an exposure (past or present) to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: tine_test a tuberculin test in which a disk with several tines bearing tuberculin antigen is used to puncture the skin; development of a hard red area indicates past or present exposure to tubercle bacilli and the need for further testing
subtype: intradermal_test__intradermaltest__subcutaneous_test a form of skin test in which the suspected allergen is injected into the skin
subtype: tissue_typing a series of diagnostic tests before an organ transplant to determine whether the tissues of a donor and recipient are compatible
subtype: Apgar_score an assessment of the physical condition of a newborn infant; involves heart rate and muscle tone and respiratory effort and color and reflex responsiveness
subtype: bioassay appraisal of the biological activity of a substance by testing its effect on an organism and comparing the result with some agreed standard
subtype: immunoassay__immunochemical_assay identification of a substance (especially a protein) by its action as an antigen; "PSA in the blood can be measured with an immunochemical assay"
subtype: radioimmunoassay immunoassay of a substance that has been radioactively labeled
subtype: paternity_test__paternitytest a test based on blood groups to determine whether a particular man could be the biological father of a particular child; negative results prove he was not the father but positive results show only that he could be
subtype: pregnancy_test__pregnancytest a physiological test to determine whether a person is pregnant
subtype: Friedman_test__rabbit_test pregnancy test that involves injecting some of the woman's urine into an unmated female rabbit and later examining the ovaries of the rabbit; presence of corpora lutea indicates that the woman is pregnant
subtype: Snellen_test a test of visual acuity using a Snellen chart
subtype: stress_test a test measuring how the system functions when subjected to controlled amounts of stress
subtype: treadmill_test__treadmilltest a stress test in which the patient walks on a moving treadmill while the heart and breathing rates are monitored
subtype: acid_test a rigorous or crucial appraisal
subtype: reappraisal__revaluation__review__reassessment a new appraisal or evaluation
subtype: stocktaking reappraisal of a situation or position or outlook
subtype: underevaluation an appraisal that underestimates the value of something
subtype: attribution__ascription assigning to a cause or source
subtype: animatism the attribution of consciousness and personality to natural phenomena such as thunderstorms and earthquakes and to objects such as plants and stones
subtype: imputation the attribution to a source or cause; "the imputation that my success was due to nepotism meant that I was not taken seriously"
subtype: externalization__externalisation attributing to outside causes
subtype: cross-classification__crossclassification__cross-division__crossdivision classification according to more than one attribute at the same time; "the cross-classification of cases was done by age and sex"
subtype: subsumption incorporating something under a more general category
subtype: discrimination__secernment the cognitive process whereby two or more stimuli are distinguished
subtype: differentiation.discrimination__distinction a discrimination between things as different and distinct; "it is necessary to make a distinction between love and infatuation"
subtype: contradistinction a distinction drawn on the basis of contrast; "sculpture in contradistinction to painting"
subtype: dividing_line__line__demarcation a conceptual separation or demarcation: "there is a narrow line between sanity and insanity"
subtype: point_of_no_return__Rubicon a line that when crossed permits of no return and typically results in irrevocable commitment
subtype: hairsplitting__word-splitting making too fine distinctions of little importance; "they didn't take his hairsplitting seriously"
subtype: individualization__individuation discriminating the individual from the generic group or species
subtype: taste.discrimination__appreciation__discernment__perceptivenes delicate discrimination (especially of aesthetic values); "arrogance and lack of taste contributed to his rapid success"; "to ask at that particular time was the ultimate in bad taste"
subtype: connoisseurship__vertu love of or taste for fine objects of art
subtype: vogue__trend__style the popular taste at a given time; "leather is the latest vogue"; "he followed current trends"; "the 1920s had a style of their own"
subtype: fashion.vogue the latest and most admired style in clothes and cosmetics and behavior
subtype: cult_of_personality intense devotion to a particular person
subtype: cut.fashion the style in which a garment is cut; "a dress of traditional cut"
subtype: haute_couture__hautecouture__high_fashion__high_style trend-setting fashions
subtype: fad__craze__furor__furore__cult__rage an interest followed with exaggerated zeal: "he always follows the latest fads"; "it was all the rage that season"
subtype: retro a fashion reminiscent of the past
subtype: bandwagon.vogue a popular trend that attracts growing support; "when they saw how things were going everybody jumped on the bandwagon"
subtype: delicacy__discretion refined taste; tact
subtype: culture.taste the tastes in art and manners that are favored by a social group
subtype: counterculture a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture
subtype: flower_power a counterculture of young people in the US during the 1960s and 70s
subtype: mass_culture the culture that is widely disseminated via the mass media
subtype: letters__letter the literary culture; "this book shows American letters at its best"
subtype: learning__acquisition the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge; "the child's acquisition of language"
subtype: study__work applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design"
subtype: internalization__internalisation__incorporation learning (of values or attitudes etc.) that is incorporated within yourself
subtype: introjection (psychology) unconscious internalization of aspects of the world (especially aspects of persons) within the self in such a way that the internalized representation takes over the psychological functions of the external objects
subtype: introjection.internalization (psychoanalysis) the internalization of the parent figures and their values; leads to the formation of the superego
subtype: imprinting a learning process in early life whereby species specific patterns of behavior are established
subtype: language_learning learning to use a language
subtype: audio_lingual_acquisition__audiolingualacquisition system of language acquisition focusing intensively on listening and speaking
subtype: memorization__memorisation__committal_to_memory learning so as to be able to remember verbatim; "the actor's memorization of his lines"
subtype: rote_learning__rote memorization by repetition
subtype: developmental_learning__developmentallearning learning that takes place as a normal part of cognitive development
subtype: accommodation.developmental_learning in the theories of Jean Piaget: the modification of internal representations in order to accommodate a changing knowledge of reality
subtype: assimilation in the theories of Jean Piaget: the application of a general schema to a particular instance
subtype: transfer_of_training__transfer__carry-over__carryover__generalization__generalisation generalization of a skill learned in one situation to a different but similar situation
subtype: education.learning the gradual process of acquiring knowledge; "education is a preparation for life"; "a girl's education was less important than a boy's"
subtype: acculturation__assimilation the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure
subtype: mastering.education becoming proficient in the use of something; having mastery of; "his mastering the art of cooking took a long time"
subtype: self-education__self-cultivation the process of educating yourself
subtype: school.education__schooling the process of being formally educated at a school; "what will you do when you finish school?"
subtype: special_education__specialeducation education of physically or mentally handicapped children whose needs cannot be met in an ordinary classroom
subtype: vocational_training__vocational_education training for a specific vocation in industry or agriculture or trade
subtype: conditioning a learning process in which an organism's behavior becomes dependent on the occurrence of a stimulus in its environment
subtype: aversive_conditioning conditioning to avoid an aversive stimulus
subtype: classical_conditioning__classicalconditioning conditioning that pairs a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that evokes a reflex; the stimulus that evokes the reflex is given whether or not the conditioned response occurs until eventually the neutral stimulus comes to evoke the reflex
subtype: operant_conditioning__operantconditioning conditioning in which an operant response is brought under stimulus control by virtue of presenting reinforcement contingent upon the occurrence of the operant response
subtype: instrumental_conditioning operant conditioning that pairs a response with a reinforcement in discrete trials; reinforcement occurs only after the response is given
subtype: experimental_extinction__extinction a learning process in which the reinforcer is removed and a conditioned response becomes independent of the conditioned stimulus
subtype: learning
subtype: face-to-face_learning
subtype: distance_learning
subtype: e-learning__elearning__electronic_learning__electroniclearning
subtype: web-based_learning__webbasedlearning
subtype: e-learning_with_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: ubiquitous-learning
subtype: e-learning_with_not_highly_embedded_devices
subtype: desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: mobile_learning
subtype: e-learning_with_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: mobile_learning
subtype: ubiquitous-learning
subtype: RTRP_e-learning__right_time_right_place_e-learning
subtype: ATAP_e-learning__any_time_any_place_e-learning
subtype: e-learning_with_not_highly_mobile_devices
subtype: desktop_learning__desktoplearning
subtype: pervasive_learning__pervasivelearning
subtype: blended_learning__blendedlearning
subtype: adaptive_learning
subtype: remembering__memory the cognitive processes whereby past experience is remembered; "he can do it from memory"; "he enjoyed remembering his father"
subtype: short-term_memory__STM__immediate_memory__immediatememory what you can repeat immediately after perceiving it
subtype: working_memory__workingmemory memory for intermediate results that must be held during thinking
subtype: long-term_memory__LTM your general store of remembered information
subtype: episodic_memory__personal_memory memory for episodes in your own life
subtype: semantic_memory your memory for meanings and general (impersonal) facts
subtype: motor_memory__motormemory__muscle_memory your memory for motor skills
subtype: retrieval the cognitive operation of accessing information in memory; "my retrieval of people's names is very poor"
subtype: recall.remembering__recollection__reminiscence the process of remembering (especially the process of recovering information by mental effort)
subtype: mind.recall recall or remembrance; "it came to mind"
subtype: reconstruction.recall recall via mental reconstruction
subtype: recognition__identification the process of recognizing something or someone by remembering
subtype: identity collective aspect of the set of characteristics by which a thing is recognizable or known
subtype: speaker_identification__speakeridentification__talker_identification identification of a person from the sound of their voice
subtype: association.remembering__connection__connexion the process of bringing ideas or events together in memory or imagination; "conditioning is a form of learning by association"
subtype: colligation the connection of isolated facts by a general hypothesis
subtype: inductive_reasoning__inductivereasoning__generalization__generalisation__induction reasoning from detailed facts to general principles
subtype: retrospection memory for experiences that are past; "some psychologists tried to contrast retrospection and introspection"
subtype: representational_process any basic cognitive process in which some entity comes to stand for or represent something else
subtype: typification__exemplification a representational or typifying form or model
subtype: depicting__depiction__portraying__portrayal a representation by picture or portraiture
subtype: mirror.depicting a faithful depiction or reflection; "the best mirror is an old friend"
subtype: anthropomorphism__theanthropism the representation of objects (especially a god) as having human form or traits
subtype: imaging__imagination__mental_imagery the ability to form mental images of things or events; "he could still hear her in his imagination"
subtype: mind's_eye the imaging of remembered or invented scenes; "I could see her clearly in my mind's eye"
subtype: vision a vivid mental image; "he had a vision of his own death"
subtype: retrovision a vision of events in the distant past
subtype: picturing__envisioning visual imagery
subtype: dream a series of mental images and emotions occurring during sleep; "I had a dream about you last night"
subtype: nightmare a terrifying or deeply upsetting dream
subtype: wet_dream an erotic dream (usually at night) accompanied by the (nocturnal) emission of semen
subtype: chimera a grotesque product of the imagination
subtype: evocation imaginative re-creation
subtype: pretense__pretence__make-believe imaginative intellectual play
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