#arthropod  invertebrate having jointed limbs and a segmented body with an exoskeleton made of chitin
  supertype:  invertebrate  any animal lacking a backbone or notochord; the term is not used as a scientific classification
  part:  sclerite  carapace  apodeme  arthromere  thorax.body_part
  member of:  phylum_Arthropoda
  subtype:  arachnid__arachnoid  air-breathing arthropods characterized by simple eyes and four pairs of legs
     subtype:  harvestman__daddy_longlegs__Phalangium_opilio  spider-like arachnid with a small rounded body and very long thin legs
     subtype:  scorpion  arachnid of warm dry regions having a long segmented tail ending in a venomous sting
     subtype:  false_scorpion__falsescorpion__pseudoscorpion  small nonvenomous arachnid resembling a tailless scorpion
        subtype:  book_scorpion__Chelifer_cancroides  minute arachnid sometimes found in old papers
     subtype:  whipscorpion__whip_scorpion  nonvenomous arachnid that resembles a scorpion and that has a long thin stingless tail
        subtype:  vinegarroon__mastigoproctusgiganteu  large whipscorpion of Mexico and southern United States that emits a vinegary odor when alarmed
     subtype:  spider  predatory arachnid that usually has silk-spinning organs at the back end of the body; they spin silk to make cocoons for eggs or traps for prey
        subtype:  black_and_gold_garden_spider__Argiope_aurantia  a widely distributed North American garden spider
        subtype:  barn_spider__Araneus_cavaticus  an orange and tan spider with darkly banded legs that spins an orb web daily; "the barn spider was made famous in E. B. White's book `Charlotte's Web'"
        subtype:  garden_spider__Aranea_diademata  a common European garden spider
        subtype:  comb-footed_spider__theridiid  spider having a comb-like row of bristles on each hind foot
        subtype:  black_widow__blackwidow__Latrodectus_mactans  venomous New World spider; the female is black with an hourglass-shaped red mark on the underside of the abdomen
        subtype:  tarantula  large hairy tropical spider that can inflict painful but not highly venomous bites
        subtype:  wolf_spider__hunting_spider__huntingspider  ground spider that hunts its prey instead of using a web
           subtype:  European_wolf_spider__tarantula__Lycosa_tarentula  large southern European spider once thought to be the cause of tarantism (uncontrollable bodily movement)
        subtype:  trap-door_spider  American spider that constructs a silk-lined nest with a hinged lid
     subtype:  acarine  mite or tick
        subtype:  tick  any of two families of small parasitic arachnids with barbed proboscis; feed on blood of warm-blooded animals
           subtype:  hard_tick__ixodid  ticks having a hard shield on the back and mouth parts that project from the head
              subtype:  Ixodes_dammini__deer_tick  a northeastern tick now recognized as same species as Ixodes scapularis
              subtype:  Ixodes_neotomae  a tick that usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to dusky-footed woodrats
              subtype:  Ixodes_pacificus__western_black-legged_tick  feeds on dusky-footed woodrat and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in western United States especially northern California
              subtype:  Ixodes_scapularis__black-legged_tick  parasitic on mice of genus Peromyscus and bites humans; principal vector for Lyme disease in eastern United States (especially New England); northern form was for a time known as Ixodes dammini (deer tick)
              subtype:  sheeptick__ixodesricinu  parasitic on sheep and cattle as well as humans; can transmit looping ill in sheep (acute viral disease of the nervous system); a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
              subtype:  Ixodes_persulcatus  bites humans; a vector for Lyme disease spirochete
              subtype:  Ixodes_dentatus  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and woodrats
              subtype:  Ixodes_spinipalpis  usually does not bite humans; transmits Lyme disease spirochete to cottontail rabbits and wood rats
              subtype:  wood_tick__American_dog_tick__Dermacentor_variabilis  common tick that can transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever and tularemia
           subtype:  soft_tick__argasid  tick lacking a dorsal shield and having mouth parts on the under side of the head
        subtype:  mite  any of numerous very small to minute arachnids often infesting animals or plants or stored foods
           subtype:  acarid  very small free-living arachnid that is parasitic on animals or plants; related to ticks
           subtype:  trombidiid  mite that in all stages feeds on other arthropods
           subtype:  trombiculiid  mite that as nymph and adult feeds on early stages of small arthropods but whose larvae are parasitic on terrestrial vertebrates
              subtype:  harvest_mite__harvestmite__jigger__redbug  larval mite that sucks the blood of vertebrates including human beings causing intense irritation
           subtype:  acarus  a mite of the genus Acarus
           subtype:  itch_mite__sarcoptid  whitish mites that attack the skin of humans and other animals; "itch mites cause scabies"
           subtype:  spider_mite__tetranychid  web-spinning mite that attacks garden plants and fruit trees
              subtype:  red_spider_mite__red_spider__redspider__Panonychus_ulmi  small web-spinning mite; a serious orchard pest
  subtype:  myriapod  general term for any terrestrial arthropod having an elongated body composed of many similar segments: e.g. centipedes and millipedes
  subtype:  garden_centipede__garden_symphilid__symphilid__scutigerellaimmaculata  minute arthropod often infesting the underground parts of truck-garden and greenhouse crops
  subtype:  tardigrade  an arthropod of the division Tardigrada
  subtype:  centipede  chiefly nocturnal predacious arthropod having a flattened body of 15 to 173 segments each with a pair of legs the foremost being modified into poison fangs
     subtype:  house_centipede__housecentipede__Scutigera_coleoptrata  long-legged centipede common in damp places as e.g. cellars
  subtype:  millipede__milliped  any of numerous herbivorous nonpoisonous arthropods having a cylindrical body of 20 to 100 or more segments most with two pairs of legs
  subtype:  sea_spider__seaspider__pycnogonid  any of various small spider-like marine arthropods having small thin bodies and long slender legs
  subtype:  class_Merostomata__Merostomata  used in some classifications; includes the orders Xiphosura and Eurypterida
  subtype:  horseshoe_crab__horseshoecrab__king_crab__Limulus_polyphemus__Xiphosurus_polyphemus  large marine arthropod of the American Atlantic coast having a domed horseshoe-shaped carapace and stiff pointed tail; a living fossil related to the wood louse
  subtype:  Asian_horseshoe_crab  horseshoe crab of the coast of eastern Asia
  subtype:  eurypterid  large extinct scorpion-like arthropod considered related to horseshoe crabs
  subtype:  tongue_worm__pentastomid  wormlike arthropod having two pairs of hooks at the sides of the mouth; parasitic in nasal sinuses of mammals
  subtype:  crustacean  any mainly aquatic arthropod usually having a segmented body and chitinous exoskeleton
     subtype:  malacostracan_crustacean__malacostracancrustacean  a major subclass of crustaceans
        subtype:  krill  shrimp-like planktonic crustaceans; major source of food for e.g. baleen whales
           subtype:  Euphausia_pacifica  food for jellyfish
        subtype:  opossum_shrimp__opossumshrimp  shrimp-like crustaceans whose females carry eggs and young in a pouch between the legs
        subtype:  isopod  any of various small terrestrial or aquatic crustaceans with seven pairs of legs adapted for crawling
           subtype:  woodlouse__slater  any of various small terrestrial isopods having a flat elliptical segmented body; found in damp habitats
              subtype:  pill_bug  small terrestrial isopod with a convex segmented body that can roll up into a ball
              subtype:  sow_bug__sowbug  terrestrial isopod having an oval segmented body (a shape like a sow)
           subtype:  sea_louse__sealouse__sea_slater__seaslater  marine isopod crustacean
        subtype:  amphipod  a kind of malacostracan crustacean
           subtype:  beach_flea__beachflea__sand_hopper__sand_flea  small amphipod crustaceans that hop like fleas; common on ocean beaches
           subtype:  skeleton_shrimp  small amphipod crustacean having a grotesque form suggestive of the praying mantis; found chiefly on seaweed
           subtype:  whale_louse__whalelouse  amphipod crustacean parasitic on cetaceans
     subtype:  decapod_crustacean__decapodcrustacean__decapod  crustaceans characteristically having five pairs of locomotor appendages each joined to a segment of the thorax
        subtype:  crab  decapod having eyes on short stalks and a broad flattened carapace with a small abdomen folded under the thorax and pincers
           subtype:  Menippe_mercenaria__stone_crab__stonecrab  large edible crab of S coat of United States especially Florida
           subtype:  hard-shell_crab  edible crab that has not recently molted and so has a hard shell
           subtype:  soft-shell_crab__soft-shelled_crab  edible crab that has recently molted and not yet formed its new shell
           subtype:  Cancer_magister__Dungeness_crab  small edible crab of Pacific coast of North America
           subtype:  rock_crab__Cancer_irroratus  crab of eastern coast of North America
           subtype:  Jonah_crab__Cancer_borealis  large red deep-water crab of the eastern coast of North America
           subtype:  swimming_crab  marine crab with some legs flattened and fringed for swimming
              subtype:  English_lady_crab__Portunus_puber  crab of the English coasts
              subtype:  American_lady_crab__lady_crab__calico_crab__Ovalipes_ocellatus  brightly spotted crab of sandy beaches of the United States Atlantic coast
              subtype:  Callinectes_sapidus__blue_crab  bluish edible crab of Atlantic and Gulf coasts of North America
           subtype:  fiddler_crab__fiddlercrab  burrowing crab of American coastal regions having one claw much enlarged in the male
           subtype:  pea_crab__peacrab  tiny soft-bodied crab living commensally in the mantles of certain bivalve mollusks
              subtype:  oyster_crab__Pinnotheres_ostreum  tiny soft-bodied crab living within the mantle cavity of oysters
           subtype:  Paralithodes_camtschatica__king_crab__Alaska_crab__Alaskan_king_crab__Alaska_king_crab  large edible crab of North Pacific waters especially along the coasts of Alaska and Japan
           subtype:  spider_crab  any of numerous crabs with very long legs and small triangular bodies
              subtype:  European_spider_crab__king_crab__Maja_squinado  large European spider crab
              subtype:  giant_crab__giantcrab__Macrocheira_kaempferi  very large deep-water Japanese crab
        subtype:  lobster  any of several edible marine crustaceans of the families Homaridae and Nephropsidae and Palinuridae
           subtype:  true_lobster  large edible marine crustaceans having large pincers on the first pair of legs
              subtype:  Homarus_americanus__American_lobster__Northern_lobster__Maine_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of America
              subtype:  Homarus_vulgaris__European_lobster  lobster of Atlantic coast of Europe
              subtype:  Cape_lobster__Homarus_capensis  small lobster of southern Africa
           subtype:  Norway_lobster__Nephrops_norvegicus  edible European lobster resembling the American lobster but slenderer
           subtype:  crawfish__spiny_lobster__spinylobster__langouste__rock_lobster__crayfish__sea_crawfish__seacrawfish  large edible marine crustacean having a spiny carapace but lacking the large pincers of true lobsters
        subtype:  crawdaddy__crayfish__crawfish__crawdad  small freshwater decapod crustacean that resembles a lobster
           subtype:  Old_World_crayfish__ecrevisse  small crayfish of Europe and Asia and western North America
           subtype:  American_crayfish  common large crayfishes of eastern North America
        subtype:  hermit_crab  small soft-bodied marine crustaceans living in cast-off shells of gastropods
        subtype:  shrimp  small slender-bodied chiefly marine decapod crustaceans with a long tail and single pair of pincers; many species are edible
           subtype:  snapping_shrimp__pistol_shrimp  small shrimp that makes a snapping noise with one of their enlarged chelae
        subtype:  prawn  shrimp-like decapod crustacean having two pairs of pincers; most are edible
           subtype:  long-clawed_prawn__river_prawn__Palaemon_australis  large (a foot or more) edible freshwater prawn common in Australian rivers
        subtype:  tropical_prawn  edible tropical and warm-water prawn
     subtype:  brachyuran  typical crabs
     subtype:  stomatopod_crustacean__stomatopod  a kind of crustacean
        subtype:  mantis_shrimp__mantis_crab  tropical marine burrowing crustaceans with large grasping appendages
           subtype:  squilla__mantis_prawn  a kind of mantis shrimp
     subtype:  branchiopod_crustacean__branchiopodcrustacean__branchiopod__branchiopodan  aquatic crustaceans typically having a carapace and many pairs of leaflike appendages used for swimming as well as respiration and feeding
        subtype:  daphnia__water_flea__waterflea  minute freshwater crustacean having a round body enclosed in a transparent shell; moves about like a flea by means of hairy branched antennae
        subtype:  fairy_shrimp__fairyshrimp  small freshwater branchiopod having a transparent body with many appendages; swims on its back
        subtype:  brine_shrimp__brineshrimp__Artemia_salina  common to saline lakes
        subtype:  tadpole_shrimp__tadpoleshrimp  a kind of branchiopod crustacean
     subtype:  copepod_crustacean__copepodcrustacean__copepod  minute marine or fresh-water crustaceans usually having six pairs of limbs on the thorax; some abundant in plankton and others parasitic on fish
        subtype:  brit__britt  minute crustaceans forming food for right whales
        subtype:  cyclops__cyclop__water_flea__waterflea  minute free-swimming freshwater copepod having a large median eye and pear-shaped body and long antennae used in swimming; important in some food chains and as intermediate hosts of parasitic worms that affect man e.g. Guinea worms
        subtype:  fish_louse  a kind of copepod
     subtype:  seed_shrimp__mussel_shrimp__ostracod  tiny marine and freshwater crustaceans with a shrimp-like body enclosed in a bivalve shell
     subtype:  barnacle__cerriped__cerripede  marine crustaceans with feathery food-catching appendages; free-swimming as larvae; as adults form a hard shell and live attached to submerged surfaces
        subtype:  acorn_barnacle__acornbarnacle__rock_barnacle__Balanus_balanoides  barnacle that attaches to rocks especially in intertidal zones
        subtype:  goose_barnacle__goosebarnacle__lepasfasciculari  stalked barnacle that attaches to ship bottoms or floating timbers
  subtype:  onychophoran__velvet_worm__peripatus__peripatu  any of numerous velvety-skinned wormlike carnivorous animals common in tropical forests having characteristics of both arthropods and annelid worms
     subtype:  Plicatoperipatus_jamaicensis  a kind of onychophoran
  subtype:  insect  small air-breathing arthropod
     subtype:  defoliator  an insect that strips the leaves from plants
     subtype:  pollinator  an insect that carries pollen from one flower to another
     subtype:  gallfly  any of various insects that deposit their eggs in plants causing galls in which the larvae feed
     subtype:  mecopteran  any of various carnivorous insects of the order Mecoptera
        subtype:  scorpion_fly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Panorpidae of the northern hemisphere having a long beak and long antennae; males have a tail like that of a scorpion except it is not venomous
        subtype:  hanging_fly__hangingfly  any of various mecopterous insects of the family Bittacidae
     subtype:  collembolan__springtail  any of numerous minute wingless primitive insects possessing a special abdominal appendage that allows the characteristic nearly perpetual springing pattern; found in soil rich in organic debris or on the surface of snow or water
     subtype:  proturan__telsontail  any of several minute primitive wingless and eyeless insects having a cone-shaped head; inhabit damp soil or decaying organic matter
     subtype:  beetle  insect having biting mouthparts and front wings modified to form horny covers overlying the membranous rear wings
        subtype:  tiger_beetle__tigerbeetle  active usually bright-colored beetle that preys on other insects
        subtype:  ladybug__lady_beetle__ladybird__ladybird_beetle  small round bright-colored and spotted beetle that usually feeds on aphids and other insect pests
           subtype:  two-spotted_ladybug__twospottedladybug__Adalia_bipunctata  red ladybug with a black spot on each wing
           subtype:  Mexican_bean_beetle__bean_beetle__Epilachna_varivestis  introduced into the United States from Mexico; feeds on the foliage of the bean plant
           subtype:  Hippodamia_convergens  a variety of ladybug
           subtype:  vedalia__Rodolia_cardinalis  native to Australia; introduced elsewhere to control scale insects
        subtype:  ground_beetle__carabid_beetle__carabidbeetle  predacious shining black or metallic terrestrial beetle that destroys many injurious insects
           subtype:  bombardier_beetle  beetle that ejects audibly a pungent vapor when disturbed
           subtype:  calosoma  any beetle of the genus Calosoma
              subtype:  searcher_beetle__searcher__Calosoma_scrutator  large metallic blue-green beetle that preys on caterpillars; North America
        subtype:  lightning_bug__lightningbug__firefly  nocturnal beetle common in warm regions having luminescent abdominal organs
           subtype:  glowworm  the luminous larva or wingless grub-like female of a firefly
        subtype:  long-horned_beetle__longicorn__longicorn_beetle__longicornbeetle  long-bodied beetle having very long antennae
           subtype:  sawyer_beetle__sawyer  any of several beetles whose larvae bore holes in dead or dying trees especially conifers
              subtype:  pine_sawyer  large beetle whose larvae bore holes in pine trees
        subtype:  leaf_beetle__chrysomelid  brightly colored beetle that feeds on plant leaves; larvae infest roots and stems
           subtype:  flea_beetle__fleabeetle  any small leaf beetle having enlarged hind legs and capable of jumping
           subtype:  Colorado_potato_beetle__Colorado_beetle__potato_bug__potato_beetle__Leptinotarsa_decemlineata  black-and-yellow beetle that feeds in adult and larval stages on potato leaves; originally of eastern Rocky Mountains; now worldwide
        subtype:  carpet_beetle__carpet_bug  small beetle whose larvae are household pests feeding on woolen fabrics
           subtype:  buffalo_carpet_beetle__Anthrenus_scrophulariae  a small black and red and white carpet beetle
           subtype:  black_carpet_beetle  a solid black carpet beetle
        subtype:  clerid_beetle__clerid  predacious on other insects; usually brightly colored or metallic
           subtype:  bee_beetle__beebeetle  European beetle; infests beehives
        subtype:  lamellicorn_beetle__lamellicornbeetle  beetle having antennae with hard platelike terminal segments
           subtype:  scarabaeid_beetle__scarabaeid__scarabaean  any of numerous species of stout-bodied beetles having heads with horny spikes
              subtype:  dung_beetle  any of numerous beetles that roll balls of dung on which they feed and in which they lay eggs
                 subtype:  scarab__scarabaeus__Scarabaeus_sacer  scarabaeid beetle considered divine by ancient Egyptians
                 subtype:  tumblebug  any of various dung beetles
                 subtype:  dorbeetle  Old World dung beetle that flies with a droning sound
              subtype:  June_beetle__June_bug__May_bug__May_beetle  any of various large usually brown North American leaf-eating beetles common in late spring; the larvae feed on roots of grasses etc.
                 subtype:  green_June_beetle__figeater  large greenish June beetle of southern United States
              subtype:  Japanese_beetle__Popillia_japonica  small metallic green and brown beetle native to eastern Asia; serious plant pest in North America
              subtype:  Oriental_beetle__Asiatic_beetle__Anomala_orientalis  introduced into United States from the Orient; larvae feed on roots of sugarcane and other grasses
              subtype:  rhinoceros_beetle  any of various large chiefly tropical beetles having horns on the head; pest on coconuts
              subtype:  melolonthid_beetle__melolonthidbeetle  any of various beetles of the family (or subfamily) Melolonthidae
                 subtype:  cockchafer__May_bug__May_beetle__Melolontha_melolontha  any of various large European beetles destructive to vegetation as both larvae and adult
                 subtype:  rose_bug__rose_chafer__Macrodactylus_subspinosus  common North American beetle: larvae feed on roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. rose bushes or apple trees or grape vines
              subtype:  rose_chafer__rose_beetle__Cetonia_aurata  a common metallic green European beetle: larvae feed on plant roots and adults on leaves and flowers of e.g. roses
           subtype:  stag_beetle  the male has branched mandibles resembling antlers
        subtype:  elaterid_beetle__elater__elaterid  any of various widely distributed beetles
           subtype:  click_beetle__clickbeetle__skipjack__snapping_beetle  able to right itself when on its back by flipping into the air with a clicking sound
           subtype:  firefly__fire_beetle__Pyrophorus_noctiluca  tropical American click beetle having bright luminous spots
        subtype:  water_beetle__waterbeetle  any of numerous aquatic beetles usually having a smooth oval body and flattened hind legs for swimming
        subtype:  whirligig_beetle__whirligigbeetle  aquatic beetle that circles rapidly on the water surface
        subtype:  deathwatch_beetle__deathwatch__Xestobium_rufovillosum  bores through wood making a ticking sound popularly thought to presage death
        subtype:  weevil  any of several families of mostly small beetles that feed on plants and plant products; especially snout weevils and seed weevils
           subtype:  snout_beetle__snoutbeetle  small weevil having a prolonged snout; destructive to e.g. grains and nuts
           subtype:  boll_weevil__Anthonomus_grandis  grayish weevil that lays its eggs in cotton bolls destroying the cotton
           subtype:  darkling_beetle__darkling_groung_beetle__tenebrionid  sluggish hard-bodied black terrestrial weevil whose larvae feed on e.g. decaying plant material or grain
              subtype:  flour_beetle__flourbeetle__flour_weevil__flourweevil  infests flour and stored grains
           subtype:  seed_beetle__seed_weevil  infests the seeds of legumes
              subtype:  pea_weevil__peaweevil__Bruchus_pisorum  larvae live in and feed on seeds of the pea plant
              subtype:  bean_weevil__Acanthoscelides_obtectus  larvae live in and feed on growing or stored beans
           subtype:  rice_weevil__black_weevil__blackweevil__Sitophylus_oryzae  brown weevil that infests stored grain especially rice
        subtype:  blister_beetle__blisterbeetle__meloid  beetle that produces a secretion that blisters the skin
           subtype:  oil_beetle__oilbeetle  any of various beetles that exude an oily substance from the leg joints that deters enemies
           subtype:  Spanish_fly  green beetle of southern Europe
        subtype:  bark_beetle  small beetle that bores tunnels in the bark and wood of trees; related to weevils
           subtype:  Dutch-elm_beetle__Scolytus_multistriatus  a vector of the fungus causing Dutch elm disease
        subtype:  rove_beetle  active beetle typically having predatory or scavenging habits
     subtype:  web_spinner__webspinner  any of a small order of slender typically tropical insects that nest in colonies in silken tunnels that they spin
     subtype:  sucking_louse__suckinglouse__louse  wingless usually flattened blood-sucking insect parasitic on warm-blooded animals
        subtype:  common_louse__Pediculus_humanus  head or body louse
        subtype:  head_louse__Pediculus_capitis  infests the head and body of humans
        subtype:  body_louse__cootie__Pediculus_corporis  a parasitic louse that infests the body of human beings
        subtype:  crab_louse__pubic_louse__pubiclouse__crab__Phthirius_pubis  infests the pubic region of the human body
     subtype:  bird_louse__biting_louse__louse  wingless insect with mouth parts adapted for biting; mostly parasitic on birds
        subtype:  chicken_louse__chickenlouse__shaft_louse__shaftlouse__Menopon_palladum__Menopon_gallinae  parasitic on poultry
     subtype:  flea  any wingless blood-sucking parasitic insect noted for ability to leap
        subtype:  Pulex_irritans  the most common flea attacking humans
        subtype:  dog_flea__dogflea__Ctenocephalides_canis  flea that attacks dogs and cats
        subtype:  cat_flea__catflea__Ctenocephalides_felis  flea that breeds chiefly on cats and dogs and rats
        subtype:  chigoe_flea__chigoe__chigger__Tunga_penetrans  small tropical flea; the fertile female burrows under the skin of the host including humans
        subtype:  sticktight_flea__sticktight__Echidnophaga_gallinacea  parasitic on especially the heads of chickens
     subtype:  dipterous_insect__dipterousinsect__two-winged_insects__dipteran__dipteron  insects having usually a single pair of functional wings (anterior pair) with the posterior pair reduced to small knobbed structures and mouth parts adapted for sucking or lapping or piercing
        subtype:  gall_midge__gallfly__gallgnat  fragile mosquito-like flies that produce galls on plants
           subtype:  Hessian_fly__Mayetiola_destructor  small fly whose larvae damage wheat and other grains
        subtype:  fly  two-winged insects characterized by active flight
           subtype:  housefly__Musca_domestica  common fly that frequents human habitations and spreads many diseases
           subtype:  tsetse_fly__tsetse__tzetze_fly__tzetze__glossina  blood-sucking African fly; transmits sleeping sickness etc.
           subtype:  blowfly__blow_fly  large usually hairy metallic blue or green fly; lays eggs in carrion or dung or wounds
              subtype:  Calliphora_vicina__bluebottle  blowfly with iridescent blue body; makes a loud buzzing noise in flight
              subtype:  greenbottle_fly__greenbottle  blowfly with brilliant coppery green body
           subtype:  flesh_fly__fleshfly__Sarcophaga_carnaria  fly whose larvae feed on carrion or the flesh of living animals
           subtype:  tachina_fly__tachinafly  bristly fly whose larvae live parasitically in caterpillars and other insects; important in control of noxious insects
           subtype:  gadfly  any of various large flies that annoy livestock
              subtype:  botfly  stout-bodied hairy dipterous fly whose larvae are parasites on humans and other mammals
                 subtype:  horse_botfly__horsebotfly__Gasterophilus_intestinalis  parasitic chiefly on horses
                 subtype:  human_botfly__humanbotfly__dermatobiahomini  large tropical American fly; parasitic on humans and other mammals
                 subtype:  sheep_botfly__sheepbotfly__sheep_gadfly__sheepgadfly__Oestrus_ovis  larvae are parasitic on sheep
              subtype:  warble_fly  hairy bee-like fly whose larvae produce lumpy abscesses (warbles) under the skin of cattle
              subtype:  horsefly__cleg__clegg__horse_fly__horsefly  large swift fly the female of which sucks blood of various animals
           subtype:  bee_fly__beefly  hairy nectar-eating fly that resembles a bee; larvae are parasitic on larvae of bees and related insects
           subtype:  horn_fly__Haematobia_irritans  small black European fly introduced into North America; sucks blood from cattle especially at the base of the horn
        subtype:  robber_fly__bee_killer__beekiller  swift predatory fly having a strong body like a bee with the proboscis hardened for sucking juices of other insects captured on the wing
        subtype:  fruit_fly__fruitfly__pomace_fly  any of numerous small insects whose larvae feed on fruits
           subtype:  apple_maggot__applemaggot__railroad_worm__Rhagoletis_pomonella  larvae bore into and feed on apples
           subtype:  Mediterranean_fruit_fly__medfly__Ceratitis_capitata  small black-and-white fly that damages citrus and other fruits by implanting eggs that hatch inside the fruit
           subtype:  drosophila__Drosophila_melanogaster  small fly used in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance
           subtype:  vinegar_fly  flies whose larvae feed on pickles and imperfectly sealed preserves
        subtype:  louse_fly__lousefly__hippoboscid  blood-sucking dipterous fly parasitic on birds and mammals
           subtype:  horse_tick__horsetick__horsefly__Hippobosca_equina  winged fly parasitic on horses
           subtype:  sheep_ked__sheepked__sheeptick__sheeptick__melophagusovinu  wingless fly that is an external parasite on sheep and cattle
        subtype:  mosquito  two-winged insect whose female has a long proboscis to pierce the skin and suck the blood of humans and animals
           subtype:  gnat.mosquito  British usage
           subtype:  yellow-fever_mosquito__Aedes_aegypti  mosquito that transmits yellow fever and dengue
           subtype:  Asian_tiger_mosquito__Aedes_albopictus  striped native of Japan thriving in United States southeast and midwest and spreading to the Caribbean; potential carrier of serious diseases
           subtype:  anopheline  any mosquito of the genus Anopheles
           subtype:  malarial_mosquito__malaria_mosquito__malariamosquito  transmits the malaria parasite
           subtype:  common_mosquito__Culex_pipiens  common house mosquito
           subtype:  Culex_quinquefasciatus__Culex_fatigans  widespread tropical mosquito that transmits filarial worms
        subtype:  gnat  any of various small biting flies: midges; biting midges; black flies; sand flies
           subtype:  punkie__punky__punkey__no-see-um__biting_midge  minute two-winged insect that sucks the blood of mammals and birds and other insects
           subtype:  midge  minute two-winged mosquito-like fly lacking biting mouthparts; appear in dancing swarms especially near water
           subtype:  psychodid  a fly of the family Psychodidae
           subtype:  sand_fly__Phlebotomus_papatasii  blood-sucking females can transmit sandfly fever
           subtype:  black_fly__blackfly__buffalo_gnat__buffalognat  small blackish stout-bodied biting fly having aquatic larvae; sucks the blood of birds as well as humans and other mammals
        subtype:  fungus_gnat  mosquito-like insect whose larvae feed on fungi or decaying vegetation
        subtype:  sciara__fungus_gnat__sciarid  minute blackish gregarious flies destructive to mushrooms and seedlings
           subtype:  armyworm  larva of fungus gnat; march in large companies in regular order
        subtype:  crane_fly__cranefly__daddy_longlegs  long-legged slender flies that resemble large mosquitoes but do not bite
     subtype:  leaf_miner__leafminer  any of various small moths or dipterous flies whose larvae burrow into and feed on leaf tissue especially of the family Gracilariidae
     subtype:  hymenopterous_insect__hymenopterousinsect__hymenopteran__hymenopteron__hymenopter  insects having two pairs of membranous wings and an ovipositor specialized for stinging or piercing
        subtype:  bee  any of numerous hairy-bodied insects including social and solitary species
           subtype:  drone  stingless male bee in a colony of social bees (especially honeybees) whose sole function is to mate with the queen
           subtype:  honeybee__Apis_mellifera  social bee often domesticated for the honey it produces
              subtype:  Africanized_bee__Africanized_honey_bee__killer_bee__Apis_mellifera_scutellata__Apis_mellifera_adansonii  a strain of bees that originated in Brazil in the 1950s as a cross between an aggressive African bee and a honeybee; retains most of the traits of the African bee; now spread as far north as Texas
              subtype:  black_bee__blackbee__German_bee  dark-colored ill-tempered honeybee supposedly of German origin
              subtype:  Carniolan_bee  grayish highly productive European honeybee that has a quiet disposition
              subtype:  Italian_bee  yellowish honeybee resembling the Carniolan bee in its habits
           subtype:  carpenter_bee__carpenterbee  large solitary bee that lays eggs in tunnels bored into wood or plant stems
           subtype:  bumblebee__humblebee  robust hairy social bee of temperate regions
           subtype:  cuckoo-bumblebee  a bee that is parasitic in the nests of bumblebees
           subtype:  andrena__andrenid__mining_bee  a bee that is a a member of the genus Andrena
           subtype:  Nomia_melanderi__alkali_bee  a common solitary bee important for pollinating alfalfa in the western United States
           subtype:  leaf-cutting_bee__leaf-cutter__leaf-cutter_bee  bee that cuts rounded pieces from leaves and flowers to line its nest
           subtype:  mason_bee__masonbee  any of numerous solitary bees that build nests of hardened mud and sand
           subtype:  potter_bee  solitary bee that builds nests of mud or pebbles cemented together and attached to a plant
        subtype:  wasp  social or solitary hymenopterans typically having a slender body with the abdomen attached by a narrow stalk and having a formidable sting
           subtype:  vespid_wasp__vespid  mostly social nest-building wasps
              subtype:  paper_wasp__paperwasp  any of several social wasps that construct nests of a substance like paper
                 subtype:  Polistes_annularis  a variety of paper wasp
              subtype:  hornet  large stinging paper wasp
                 subtype:  giant_hornet__gianthornet__Vespa_crabro  European hornet introduced into the United States
                 subtype:  bald-faced_hornet__white-faced_hornet__whitefacedhornet__Vespula_maculata  North American hornet
                 subtype:  yellow_jacket__yellow_hornet__Vespula_maculifrons  small yellow-marked social wasp commonly nesting in the ground
              subtype:  common_wasp__Vespula_vulgaris  a variety of vespid wasp
              subtype:  mason_wasp__masonwasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct nests of hardened mud for their young
              subtype:  potter_wasp  any of various solitary wasps that construct vase-shaped cells of mud for their eggs
           subtype:  sphecoid_wasp__sphecoid  any of various solitary wasps
              subtype:  mason_wasp.sphecoid_wasp__masonwasp  solitary wasp that constructs nests of hardened mud or clay for the young
              subtype:  digger_wasp  solitary wasp that digs nests in the soil and stocks them with paralyzed insects for the larvae
                 subtype:  cicada_killer__Sphecius_speciosis  large black or rust-colored wasp that preys on cicadas
              subtype:  mud_dauber__muddauber  wasp that constructs mud cells on a solid base in which females place eggs laid in paralyzed insect larvae
           subtype:  cynipid_gall_wasp__gall_wasp__gallfly__cynipidwasp  small solitary wasp that produces galls on oaks and other plants
        subtype:  chalcid_fly__chalcidfly__chalcid__chalcid_wasp__chalcidwasp  any of various tiny insects whose larvae are parasites on eggs and larvae of other insects; many are beneficial in destroying injurious insects
           subtype:  chalcis_fly__chalcisfly  a variety of chalcid fly
        subtype:  ichneumon_fly__ichneumonfly  hymenopterous insect that resembles a wasp and whose larvae are parasitic on caterpillars and other insect larvae
        subtype:  sawfly  insect whose female has a saw-like ovipositor for inserting eggs into the leaf or stem tissue of a host plant
           subtype:  birch_leaf_miner__Fenusa_pusilla  small black sawfly native to Europe but established in eastern United States; larvae mine the leaves of birches causing serious defoliation
        subtype:  ant__emmet__pismire  social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers
           subtype:  pharaoh_ant__pharaohant__pharaoh's_ant__pharaoh'sant__Monomorium_pharaonis  small red ant of warm regions; a common household pest
           subtype:  little_black_ant__Monomorium_minimum  tiny glossy black ant; nests outdoors but invades houses for food
           subtype:  army_ant__driver_ant__legionary_ant__legionaryant  tropical nomadic ant that preys mainly on other insects
           subtype:  carpenter_ant__carpenterant  ant that nests in decaying wood in which it bores tunnels for depositing eggs
           subtype:  fire_ant  omnivorous ant of tropical and subtropical America that can inflict a painful sting
           subtype:  wood_ant__Formica_rufa  reddish-brown European ant typically living in anthills in woodlands
           subtype:  slave_ant__slaveant  any of various ants captured as larvae and enslaved by another species
              subtype:  Formica_fusca  an ant frequently enslaved
           subtype:  slave-making_ant__slave-maker__slavemaker  an ant that attacks colonies of other ant species and carries off the young to be reared as slaves
              subtype:  sanguinary_ant__Formica_sanguinea  slave-making ant widely distributed over the northern hemisphere
              subtype:  Amazon_ant__Polyergus_rufescens  small reddish slave-making ant species
           subtype:  bulldog_ant__bulldogant  any of the large fierce Australian ants of the genus Myrmecia
     subtype:  worker.insect  sterile member of a colony of social insects that forages for food and cares for the larvae
        subtype:  soldier.worker  a wingless sterile ant or termite having a large head and powerful jaws adapted for defending the colony
        subtype:  worker_bee  sterile bee specialized to collect food and maintain the hive
     subtype:  termite__white_ant__whiteant  whitish soft-bodied ant-like social insect that feeds on wood
        subtype:  Reticulitermes_flanipes  destructive United States termite
        subtype:  Reticulitermes_lucifugus  destructive European termite
        subtype:  Mastotermes_darwiniensis  Australian termite; sole living species of Mastotermes; called a living fossil; apparent missing link between cockroaches and termites
        subtype:  Mastotermes_electromexicus  extinct termite found in amber in S Mexico
        subtype:  Mastotermes_electrodominicus  extinct termite found in amber in the Dominican Republic
        subtype:  powder-post_termite__Cryptotermes_brevis  extremely destructive dry-wood termite of warm regions
     subtype:  orthopterous_insect__orthopteron__orthopteran  any of various insects having leathery forewings and membranous hind wings and chewing mouthparts
        subtype:  grasshopper.orthopterous_insect__hopper  terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping
           subtype:  short-horned_grasshopper__acridid  grasshopper with short antennae
              subtype:  locust  migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae
                 subtype:  migratory_locust__migratorylocust__Locusta_migratoria  Old World locust that travels in vast swarms stripping large areas of vegetation
                 subtype:  migratory_grasshopper__migratorygrasshopper  serious pest of grain-growing and range areas of central and western United States
           subtype:  long-horned_grasshopper__tettigoniid  grasshoppers with long threadlike antennae and well-developed stridulating organs on the forewings of the male
              subtype:  katydid  large green long-horned grasshopper of North America; males produce shrill sounds by rubbing together special organs on the forewings
                 subtype:  mormon_cricket__Anabrus_simplex  large dark wingless cricket-like katydid of arid parts of western United States
              subtype:  sand_cricket__Jerusalem_cricket__Stenopelmatus_fuscus  large wingless nocturnal grasshopper that burrows in loose soil along the United States Pacific coast
        subtype:  cricket.orthopterous_insect  leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together
           subtype:  mole_cricket  digs in moist soil and feeds on plant roots
           subtype:  European_house_cricket__Acheta_domestica  lives in human dwellings; naturalized in parts of America
           subtype:  field_cricket__fieldcricket__Acheta_assimilis  common American black cricket; attacks crops and also enters dwellings
           subtype:  tree_cricket  pale arboreal American cricket noted for loud stridulation
              subtype:  snowy_tree_cricket__Oecanthus_fultoni  pale yellowish tree cricket widely distributed in North America
     subtype:  phasmid_insect__phasmidinsect__phasmid  large cylindrical or flattened mostly tropical insects with long strong legs that feed on plants; walking sticks and leaf insects
        subtype:  walkingstick__walking_stick__walkingstick__stick_insect__stickinsect  any of various mostly tropical insects having long twiglike bodies
           subtype:  diapheromera__Diapheromera_femorata  a variety of stick insect
        subtype:  walking_leaf__walkingleaf__leaf_insect  tropical insect having a flattened leaflike body; common in southern Asia and the East Indies
     subtype:  dictyopterous_insect__dictyopterousinsect  cockroaches and mantids
        subtype:  cockroach__roach  any of numerous chiefly nocturnal insects; some are domestic pests
           subtype:  oriental_cockroach__oriental_roach__Asiatic_cockroach__blackbeetle__Blatta_orientalis  dark brown cockroach originally from orient now nearly cosmopolitan in distribution
           subtype:  American_cockroach__Periplaneta_americana  large reddish brown free-flying cockroach originally from southern United States but now widely distributed
           subtype:  Australian_cockroach__Periplaneta_australasiae  widely distributed in warm countries
           subtype:  German_cockroach__Croton_bug__water_bug__waterbug__Blattella_germanica  small light-brown cockroach brought to United States from Europe; a common household pest
           subtype:  giant_cockroach__giantcockroach  large tropical American cockroaches
        subtype:  mantis__mantid  predacious long-bodied large-eyed insect of warm regions; rests with forelimbs raised as in prayer
           subtype:  praying_mantis__praying_mantid__prayingmantid__Mantis_religioso  the common mantis
     subtype:  bug  general term for any insect or similar creeping or crawling invertebrate
     subtype:  hemipterous_insect__hemipterousinsect__bug__hemipteran__hemipteron  insects with sucking mouthparts and forewings thickened and leathery at the base; usually show incomplete metamorphosis
        subtype:  leaf_bug__plant_bug__plantbug  small bright-colored insect that feeds on plant juices
           subtype:  mirid_bug__miridbug__mirid__capsid  a variety of leaf bug
              subtype:  four-lined_plant_bug__four-lined_leaf_bug__Poecilocapsus_lineatus  yellow or orange leaf bug with four black stripes down the back; widespread in central and eastern North America
              subtype:  lygus_bug__lygusbug  vector of viral plant diseases
                 subtype:  tarnished_plant_bug__Lygus_lineolaris  widespread plant and fruit pest
           subtype:  lace_bug  small bug having body and wings covered with a lacy network of raised lines
        subtype:  lygaeid_bug__lygaeidbug__lygaeid  a true bug: usually bright-colored; pest of cultivated crops and some fruit trees
           subtype:  chinch_bug__Blissus_leucopterus  small black-and-white insect that feeds on cereal grasses
        subtype:  coreid_bug__coreid  a true bug
           subtype:  squash_bug__Anasa_tristis  large black American bug that sucks sap of vines of the gourd family
           subtype:  leaf-footed_bug__leaf-foot_bug  large sap-sucking bug with leaflike expansions on the legs
        subtype:  bedbug__bed_bug__bedbug__chinch__Cimex_lectularius  bug of temperate regions that infests especially beds and feeds on human blood
        subtype:  backswimmer__Notonecta_undulata  predaceous aquatic insect that swims on its back and may inflict painful bites
        subtype:  true_bug  any of various insects of the order Hemiptera and especially of the suborder Heteroptera
     subtype:  heteropterous_insect__heteropterousinsect  true bugs: insects whose forewings are membranous but have leathery tips
        subtype:  water_bug__waterbug  a true bug: large aquatic bug adapted to living in or on the surface of water
           subtype:  giant_water_bug  large water bug with piercing and sucking mouthparts; feeds on young fishes
           subtype:  water_scorpion__waterscorpion  long-legged aquatic insect having the front legs fitted for seizing and holding prey and the abdomen extended by a long breathing tube
           subtype:  water_boatman__waterboatman__boat_bug  carnivorous aquatic bug having paddle-like hind legs
           subtype:  water_strider__waterstrider__pond-skater__water_skater__waterskater  long-legged bug that skims about on the surface of water
              subtype:  common_pond-skater__Gerris_lacustris  a variety of water strider
        subtype:  assassin_bug__reduviid  a true bug: long-legged predacious bug living mostly on other insects; a few suck blood of mammals
           subtype:  conenose_bug__conenose__cone-nosed_bug__big_bedbug__bigbedbug__kissing_bug__kissingbug  large bloodsucking bug
           subtype:  wheel_bug__wheelbug__Arilus_cristatus  large predatory North American bug that sucks the blood of other insects
        subtype:  firebug  a true bug: brightly colored bug that can exude a stain
        subtype:  cotton_stainer  a true bug: bug that damages and stains the lint of developing cotton
     subtype:  homopterous_insect__homopterousinsect__homopteran  insects having membranous forewings and hind wings
        subtype:  whitefly  minute insect that feeds on plant juices; related to scale insects
           subtype:  citrus_whitefly__Dialeurodes_citri  whitefly that attacks citrus trees
           subtype:  greenhouse_whitefly__Trialeurodes_vaporariorum  whitefly that inhabits greenhouses
           subtype:  sweet-potato_whitefly  a variety of whitefly
              subtype:  superbug__Bemisia_tabaci__poinsettia_strain  a strain accidentally imported into Florida from the Middle East then spread to California where it is a very serious pest feeding on almost all vegetable crops and poinsettias
              subtype:  cotton_strain  feeds primarily on cotton
        subtype:  coccid_insect  scale insects and mealybugs
           subtype:  scale_insect__scaleinsect  small homopterous insect that usually lives and feeds on plants and secretes a protective waxy covering
              subtype:  soft_scale  an insect active in all stages
                 subtype:  brown_soft_scale__Coccus_hesperidum  pest on citrus trees
              subtype:  wax_insect__waxinsect  any of various insects that secrete a waxy substance
              subtype:  armored_scale__armoredscale  insect having a firm covering of wax especially in the female
                 subtype:  San_Jose_scale__Aspidiotus_perniciosus  small east Asian insect naturalized in the United States that damages fruit trees
              subtype:  cochineal_insect__cochinealinsect__cochineal__Dactylopius_coccus  Mexican red scale insect that feeds on cacti; the source of a red dye
           subtype:  mealybug__mealy_bug__mealybug  scale-like plant-eating insect coated with a powdery waxy secretion; destructive especially of fruit trees
              subtype:  citrophilous_mealybug__citrophilus_mealybug__citrophilusmealybug__pseudococcusfragili  destructive especially to citrus
              subtype:  Comstock_mealybug__Comstock's_mealybug__Pseudococcus_comstocki  Asiatic insect introduced accidentally into United States; pest on citrus and apple trees
              subtype:  citrus_mealybug__citrusmealybug__Planococcus_citri  feeds on a wide variety of cultivated plants but especially destructive to citrus
        subtype:  plant_louse__louse  any of several small insects especially aphids that feed by sucking the juices from plants
           subtype:  aphid  any of various small plant-sucking insects
              subtype:  green_apple_aphid__greenappleaphid__apple_aphid__appleaphid__Aphis_pomi  bright green aphid; feeds on and causes curling of apple leaves
              subtype:  blackfly__bean_aphid__Aphis_fabae  blackish aphid that infests e.g. beans and sugar beets
              subtype:  greenfly  greenish aphid; pest on garden and crop plants
                 subtype:  green_peach_aphid__greenpeachaphid  yellowish green aphid that is especially destructive to peaches
                 subtype:  pale_chrysanthemum_aphid  important pest of chrysanthemums
              subtype:  ant_cow__antcow  excretes a honeylike substance eaten by ants
              subtype:  woolly_aphid__woolly_plant_louse  secretes a waxy substance like a mass of fine curly white cotton or woolly threads
                 subtype:  woolly_apple_aphid__American_blight__Eriosoma_lanigerum  primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees
                 subtype:  woolly_alder_aphid__Prociphilus_tessellatus  attacks alders
           subtype:  adelgid  any of various insects that feed and form galls on conifers
              subtype:  balsam_woolly_aphid__Adelges_piceae  a variety of adelgid
              subtype:  spruce_gall_aphid__Adelges_abietis  a variety of adelgid
              subtype:  pine_leaf_aphid__Pineus_pinifoliae  a variety of adelgid
              subtype:  woolly_adelgid  an insect that feeds on hemlocks; its egg sacs are small fuzzy white balls like artificial snow on a Christmas tree
           subtype:  grape_louse__grapelouse__grape_phylloxera__grapephylloxera__Phylloxera_vitifoleae  destructive to various grape plants
           subtype:  jumping_plant_louse__psylla__psyllid  small active cicada-like insect with hind legs adapted for leaping; feeds on plant juices
           subtype:  oak_blight__oakblight  a black plant louse that lives on oaks and dogwoods
        subtype:  cicada__cicala  stout-bodied insect with large membranous wings; male has drum-like organs for producing a high-pitched drone
           subtype:  dog-day_cicada__dogdaycicada__harvest_fly__harvestfly  its distinctive song is heard during July and August
           subtype:  seventeen-year_locust__periodical_cicada__Magicicada_septendecim  North American cicada; appears in great numbers at infrequent intervals because the nymphs take 13' to 17' years to mature
        subtype:  spittle_insect__spittleinsect__spittlebug  small leaping herbivorous insect that lives in a mass of protective froth which it and its larvae secrete
           subtype:  froghopper  a variety of spittlebug
           subtype:  meadow_spittlebug__Philaenus_spumarius  North American insect that severely damages grasses
           subtype:  pine_spittlebug  North American insect that attacks pines
           subtype:  Saratoga_spittlebug__Aphrophora_saratogensis  feeds on pines in northern United States
        subtype:  leafhopper  small leaping insect that sucks the juices of plants
           subtype:  jassid  a variety of leafhopper
        subtype:  plant_hopper__planthopper__planthopper  related to the leafhoppers and spittlebugs but rarely damages cultivated plants
           subtype:  treehopper  small leaping insect that sucks juices of branches and twigs
           subtype:  lantern_fly__lanternfly  large brightly marked tropical insect with a process like a snout that was formerly thought to emit light
     subtype:  psocopterous_insect  small soft-bodied insect with chewing mouthparts and either no wings or two pairs
        subtype:  psocid  small winged insect living on the bark and leaves of trees and feeding on e.g. fungi and decaying plant matter
           subtype:  barklouse__bark_louse  any of several insects living on the bark of plants
        subtype:  booklouse__Liposcelis_divinatorius  minute wingless psocopterous insects injurious to books and papers
           subtype:  common_booklouse__Trogium_pulsatorium  a variety of booklouse
     subtype:  ephemerid__ephemeropteran  short-lived insect
        subtype:  Plectophera  in some former classifications: name for the Ephemeroptera
        subtype:  mayfly__dayfly__shadfly  slender insect with delicate membranous wings having an aquatic larval stage and terrestrial adult stage usually lasting less than two days
     subtype:  stonefly__stone_fly__stonefly__plecopteran  primitive winged insect with a flattened body; used as bait by fishermen; aquatic gilled larvae are carnivorous and live beneath stones
     subtype:  neuropteron__neuropteran__neuropterous_insect  insect having biting mouthparts and four large membranous wings with netlike veins
        subtype:  antlion_fly__antlionfly__ant_lion__antlion  winged insect resembling a dragonfly; the larvae (doodlebugs) dig conical pits where they wait to catch e.g. ants
        subtype:  lacewing_fly__lacewing  any of two families of gauzy-winged insects (Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae); larvae feed on insect pests such as aphids
           subtype:  green_lacewing__greenlacewing__chrysopid__stink_fly__stinkfly  pale green unpleasant-smelling lacewing fly having carnivorous larvae
              subtype:  golden-eyed_fly__goldeneyedfly__goldeneye  a variety of green lacewing
           subtype:  brown_lacewing__brownlacewing__hemerobiid__hemerobiid_fly  small dark-colored lacewing fly
        subtype:  dobson_fly__dobson__Corydalus_cornutus  large soft-bodied insect having long slender mandibles in the male; aquatic larvae often used as bait
        subtype:  fishfly  similar to but smaller than the dobsonfly
        subtype:  alderfly__alder_fly__alderfly__Sialis_lutaria  dark-colored insect having predaceous aquatic larvae
        subtype:  snakefly  predatory insect of western North America having a long necklike prothorax
        subtype:  mantispid  insect that resembles a mantis; larvae are parasites in the nests of spiders and wasps
        subtype:  spongefly__spongillafly  hairy-bodied insect whose larvae feed on freshwater sponges
     subtype:  odonate  large primitive predatory aquatic insect having two pairs of membranous wings
        subtype:  dragonfly__darning_needle__darningneedle__devil's_darning_needle__devil'sdarningneedle__sewing_needle__snake_feeder__snakefeeder__snake_doctor__snakedoctor__mosquito_hawk__skeeter_hawk__skeeterhawk  slender-bodied non-stinging insect having iridescent wings that are outspread at rest; adults and nymphs feed on mosquitoes etc.
        subtype:  damselfly  slender non-stinging insect similar to but smaller than the dragonfly but having wings folded when at rest
     subtype:  trichopterous_insect__trichopterousinsect__trichopteran__trichopteron  caddis fly
        subtype:  caddis_fly__caddisfly__caddice_fly__caddicefly__caddicefly  small moth-like insect having two pairs of hairy membranous wings and aquatic larvae
     subtype:  thysanuran_insect__thysanuron  primitive wingless insects: bristletail
        subtype:  bristletail  small wingless insect with a long bristlelike tail
           subtype:  firebrat__Thermobia_domestica  lives in warm moist areas e.g. around furnaces
        subtype:  Lepisma_saccharina__silverfish  silver-gray wingless insect found in houses feeding on book bindings and starched clothing
        subtype:  jumping_bristletail__jumpingbristletail__machilid  wingless insect living in dark moist places as under dead tree trunks; they make erratic leaps when disturbed
     subtype:  thysanopter__thysanopteron__thysanopterous_insect  an insect of the order Thysanoptera
        subtype:  thrips__thripid  any of various small to minute sucking insects with narrow feathery wings if any; they feed on plant sap and many are destructive
           subtype:  tobacco_thrips__Frankliniella_fusca  injurious to growing tobacco and peanuts
           subtype:  onion_thrips__onion_louse__onionlouse__Thrips_tobaci  injurious to onion plants and sometimes tobacco
     subtype:  earwig  any of numerous insects of the order Dermaptera having elongate bodies and slender many-jointed antennae and a pair of large pincers at the rear of the abdomen
        subtype:  common_European_earwig__Forficula_auricularia  sometimes destructive to cultivated bulbs
     subtype:  lepidopterous_insect__lepidopterousinsect__lepidopteron__lepidopteran  insect that in the adult state has four wings more or less covered with tiny scales
        subtype:  butterfly  diurnal insect typically having a slender body with knobbed antennae and broad colorful wings
           subtype:  nymphalid_butterfly__nymphalid__brush-footed_butterfly__four-footed_butterfly  medium to large butterflies found worldwide typically having brightly colored wings and much-reduced nonfunctional forelegs carried folded on the breast
              subtype:  mourning_cloak_butterfly__mourning_cloak__Camberwell_beauty__Nymphalis_antiopa  of temperate regions; having dark purple wings with yellow borders
              subtype:  tortoiseshell_butterfly__tortoiseshell  brilliantly colored; larvae feed on nettles
              subtype:  painted_beauty__paintedbeauty__Vanessa_virginiensis  American butterfly having dark brown wings with white and golden orange spots
              subtype:  admiral  any of several brightly colored butterflies
              subtype:  red_admiral__redadmiral__Vanessa_atalanta  of temperate Europe and Asia; having black wings with red and white markings
              subtype:  white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_camilla  Eurasian butterfly with brown wings and white markings
              subtype:  banded_purple__white_admiral__whiteadmiral__Limenitis_arthemis  North American butterfly with blue-black wings crossed by a broad white band
              subtype:  red-spotted_purple__redspottedpurple__Limenitis_astyanax  similar to the banded purple but with red spots on underwing surfaces
              subtype:  Limenitis_archippus__viceroy  showy American butterfly resembling the monarch but smaller
              subtype:  anglewing  nymphalid butterfly having angular notches on the outer edges of the forewings
              subtype:  comma_butterfly__commabutterfly__comma__Polygonia_comma  anglewing butterfly with a comma-shaped mark on the underside of each hind wing
              subtype:  fritillary  butterfly with brownish wings marked with black and silver
                 subtype:  silverspot  butterfly with silver spots on the underside of the hind wings
              subtype:  emperor_butterfly__emperorbutterfly__emperor  large richly colored butterfly
                 subtype:  purple_emperor__Apatura_iris  large European butterfly the male of which has wings shaded with purple
              subtype:  peacock_butterfly__peacockbutterfly__peacock__Inachis_io  European butterfly having reddish-brown wings each marked with a purple eyespot
           subtype:  danaid_butterfly__danaid  large tropical butterfly with degenerate forelegs and an unpleasant taste
              subtype:  monarch_butterfly__monarchbutterfly__monarch__milkweed_butterfly__Danaus_plexippus  large migratory American butterfly having deep orange wings with black and white markings; the larvae feed on milkweed
           subtype:  pierid_butterfly__pierid  any of numerous pale-colored butterflies having three pairs of well-developed legs
              subtype:  cabbage_butterfly__cabbagebutterfly  white butterfly whose larvae (cabbageworms) feed on cabbage
                 subtype:  small_white__Pieris_rapae  small widely distributed form
                 subtype:  large_white__Pieris_brassicae  Old World form
                 subtype:  southern_cabbage_butterfly__Pieris_protodice  common North American form
           subtype:  sulphur_butterfly__sulphurbutterfly__sulfur_butterfly  any of numerous yellow or orange butterflies
           subtype:  lycaenid_butterfly__lycaenid  any of various butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
              subtype:  blue_butterfly__blue  any of numerous small chiefly blue butterflies of the family Lycaenidae
              subtype:  copper  any of various small butterflies of the family Lycaenidae having copper colored wings
                 subtype:  American_copper__Lycaena_hypophlaeas  common copper butterfly of central and eastern North America
              subtype:  hairstreak_butterfly__hairstreak  small butterflies having striped markings under the wings
                 subtype:  Strymon_melinus  larvae are pests of various economic plants
        subtype:  moth  typically crepuscular or nocturnal insect having a stout body and feathery or hairlike antennae
           subtype:  moth_miller__miller  any of various moths that have powdery wings
           subtype:  tortricid_moth__tortricidmoth__tortricid  any of numerous small moths having lightly fringed wings; larvae are leafrollers or live in fruits and galls
              subtype:  leaf_roller__leafroller  moth whose larvae form nests by rolling and tying leaves with spun silk
              subtype:  tea_tortrix__teatortrix__tortrix__Homona_coffearia  small Indian moth infesting e.g. tea and coffee plants
              subtype:  orange_tortrix__tortrix__Argyrotaenia_citrana  California moth whose larvae live in especially oranges
              subtype:  codling_moth__codlingmoth__Carpocapsa_pomonella  small moth whose larvae live in apples and English walnuts
           subtype:  lymantriid__tussock_moth__tussockmoth  dull-colored moth whose larvae have tufts of hair on the body and feed on the leaves of many deciduous trees
              subtype:  gypsy_moth__gypsymoth__gipsy_moth__gipsymoth__Lymantria_dispar  European moth introduced into North America; a serious pest of shade trees
              subtype:  browntail__brown-tail_moth__Euproctis_phaeorrhoea  small brown and white European moth introduced into eastern United States; pest of various shade and fruit trees
              subtype:  gold-tail_moth__Euproctis_chrysorrhoea  white furry-bodied European moth with a yellow tail tuft
           subtype:  geometrid_moth__geometridmoth__geometrid  slender-bodied broad-winged moth whose larvae are called measuring worms
              subtype:  Paleacrita_vernata  moth whose larvae are spring cankerworms
              subtype:  Alsophila_pometaria  North American moth with gray-winged males and wingless females; larvae are fall cankerworms
           subtype:  pyralid_moth__pyralidmoth__pyralid  usually tropical slender-bodied long-legged moth whose larvae are crop pests
              subtype:  bee_moth__beemoth__wax_moth__waxmoth__Galleria_mellonella  moth whose larvae live in and feed on bee honeycombs
              subtype:  European_corn_borer__corn_borer__corn_borer_moth__Pyrausta_nubilalis  native to Europe; in America the larvae bore into the stem and crown of corn and other plants
              subtype:  Mediterranean_flour_moth__Anagasta_kuehniella  small moth whose larvae damage stored grain and flour
              subtype:  tobacco_moth__tobaccomoth__cacao_moth__cacaomoth__Ephestia_elutella  small moth whose larvae feed on tobacco and other dried plant products
              subtype:  almond_moth__fig_moth__figmoth__Cadra_cautella  moth whose larvae feed on and mat together with webbing various stored foods
              subtype:  raisin_moth__Cadra_figulilella  moth whose larvae attack dried fruits and cereal products
           subtype:  tineoid_moth__tineoidmoth  small dull-colored moth with chewing mouthparts
              subtype:  tineid_moth__tineid  small yellowish moths whose larvae feed on wool or fur
                 subtype:  clothes_moth__clothesmoth  any of several small yellowish or buff-colored moths whose larvae eat organic matter e.g. woolens
                    subtype:  casemaking_clothes_moth__Tinea_pellionella  the larvae live in tubes of its food material fastened with silk that it spins
                    subtype:  webbing_clothes_moth__webbingclothesmoth__webbing_moth__webbingmoth__Tineola_bisselliella  moth that forms a web in which it lives
                 subtype:  carpet_moth__tapestry_moth__Trichophaga_tapetzella  larvae feed on carpets and other woolens
              subtype:  gracilariid_moth__gracilariidmoth__gracilariid  small dull or metallic-colored tineoid moths whose larvae mine in plant leaves
           subtype:  gelechiid_moth__gelechiidmoth__gelechiid  small slender-winged moths whose larvae are agricultural pests
              subtype:  Gelechia_gossypiella  small brown moth whose larvae bore into flowers and bolls of cotton
              subtype:  grain_moth__grainmoth  moth whose larvae feed on grain
                 subtype:  angoumois_moth__angoumoismoth__angoumois_grain_moth__angoumoisgrainmoth__Sitotroga_cerealella  small moth whose larvae feed on kernels of stored grains
              subtype:  potato_moth__potato_tuber_moth__splitworm__Phthorimaea_operculella  grayish-brown moth whose larva is the potato tuberworm
           subtype:  noctuid_moth__noctuidmoth__noctuid__owlet_moth__owletmoth  usually dull-colored medium-sized nocturnal moth; the usually smooth-bodied larvae are destructive agricultural pests
              subtype:  underwing  moth having dull forewings and brightly colored hind wings
                 subtype:  red_underwing__redunderwing__Catocala_nupta  moth having dull forewings and red-marked hind wings
              subtype:  antler_moth__Cerapteryx_graminis  European moth with white antler-like markings on the forewings; the larvae damage pastures and grasslands
              subtype:  heliothis_moth__heliothismoth__Heliothis_zia  medium-sized moth whose larvae are corn earworms
              subtype:  army_cutworm__Chorizagrotis_auxiliaris  moth whose larvae destroy grains and forage plants
              subtype:  Pseudaletia_unipuncta__armyworm  moth whose destructive larvae travel in multitudes
              subtype:  Spodoptera_exigua  moth whose larvae are beet armyworms
              subtype:  Spodoptera_frugiperda  moth whose larvae are fall armyworms
           subtype:  hawkmoth__hawk_moth__sphingid__sphinx_moth__hummingbird_moth__hummingbirdmoth  any of various moths with long narrow forewings capable of powerful flight and hovering over flowers to feed
              subtype:  Manduca_sexta  moth whose larvae are tobacco hornworms
              subtype:  Manduca_quinquemaculata  moth whose larvae are tomato hornworms
              subtype:  death's-head_moth__Acherontia_atropos  European hawkmoth with markings on the back resembling a human skull
           subtype:  bombycid_moth__bombycid__silkworm_moth  moderate-sized Asiatic moth whose larvae feed on mulberry leaves and produce silk
              subtype:  domestic_silkworm_moth__Bombyx_mori  stocky creamy-white Asiatic moth found almost entirely under human care; the source of most of the silk of commerce
           subtype:  saturniid_moth__saturniidmoth__saturniid  large brightly colored and usually tropical moth; larvae spin silken cocoons
              subtype:  emperor_moth__emperormoth__emperor__Saturnia_pavonia  large moth of temperate forests of Eurasia having heavily scaled transparent wings
              subtype:  imperial_moth__Eacles_imperialis  large American moth having yellow wings with purplish or brownish markings; larvae feed on e.g. maple and pine trees
              subtype:  giant_silkworm_moth__silkworm_moth  any silkworm moth of the family Saturniidae
                 subtype:  cynthia_moth__cynthiamoth__Samia_cynthia__Samia_walkeri  large Asiatic moth introduced into the United States; larvae feed on the ailanthus
                 subtype:  atlas_moth__atlasmoth__Atticus_atlas  giant saturniid moth widespread in Asia; sometimes cultured for silk
              subtype:  luna_moth__Luna_moth__Actias_luna  large pale-green American moth with long-tailed hind wings and a yellow crescent-shaped mark on each fore wing
              subtype:  Hyalophora_cecropia__cecropia__cecropia_moth  North American silkworm moth; larvae feed on the leaves of forest trees
              subtype:  io_moth__Automeris_io  large yellow American moth having a large eyelike spot on each hind wing; the larvae have stinging spines
              subtype:  polyphemus_moth__Antheraea_polyphemus  very large yellowish-brown American silkworm moth with large eyespots on hind wings; larvae feed on fruit and shade trees
              subtype:  pernyi_moth__Antheraea_pernyi  a Chinese moth that produces a brownish silk
              subtype:  tussah__tusseh__tussur__tussore__tusser__Antheraea_mylitta  oriental moth that produces brownish silk
           subtype:  arctiid_moth__arctiidmoth__arctiid  stout-bodied broad-winged moth with conspicuously striped or spotted wings; larvae are hairy caterpillars
              subtype:  tiger_moth__tigermoth  medium-sized moth with long richly colored and intricately patterned wings; larvae are called woolly bears
              subtype:  cinnabar_moth__cinnabar__Callimorpha_jacobeae  large red-and-black European moth; larvae feed on leaves of ragwort; introduced into United States to control ragwort
           subtype:  lasiocampid_moth__lasiocampidmoth__lasiocampid  medium-sized stout-bodied neutral-colored moths comb-like antennae
              subtype:  eggar__egger  moth having nonfunctional mouthparts as adults; larvae feed on tree foliage and spin egg-shaped cocoons
              subtype:  tent-caterpillar_moth__Malacosoma_disstria  moth whose gregarious larvae spin carpets
              subtype:  lappet_moth__lappet  medium-sized hairy moths; larvae are lappet caterpillars
              subtype:  webworm_moth__webwormmoth  a variety of moth that spins a web in which it lives
                 subtype:  Hyphantria_cunea  moth whose larvae are fall webworms
                 subtype:  Loxostege_similalis  moth whose larvae are garden webworms
           subtype:  Malacosoma_americana__tent-caterpillar_moth  moth whose larvae are tent caterpillars
     subtype:  pupa  an insect in the inactive stage of development (when it is not feeding) intermediate between larva and adult
        subtype:  chrysalis__chrysali  pupa of a moth or butterfly enclosed in a cocoon
     subtype:  imago  an adult insect produced after metamorphosis
     subtype:  queen.insect  the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs
        subtype:  queen_bee__queenbee  fertile egg-laying female bee
  subtype:  instar  an insect or other arthropod between molts

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