#anatomical_structure__structure__complex_body_part__bodily_structure__body_structure a particular complex anatomical structure; "he has good bone structure"
supertype: #body_part any part of an organism such as an organ or extremity
subtype: #layer.anatomical_structure thin structure composed of a single thickness of cells
subtype: #blastoderm__germinal_disc__blastodisc__germinal_area a layer of cells on the inside of the blastula
subtype: #hypodermis layer of cells that secretes the chitinous cuticle in e.g. arthropods
subtype: #apodeme ridge-like ingrowth of the exoskeleton of an arthropod that supports internal organs and provides attachment points for muscles
subtype: #calyculus__calyculu__caliculus__caliculu__calycle a small cup-shaped structure (as a taste bud or optic cup or cavity of a coral containing a polyp)
subtype: #optic_cup__opticcup__eyecup (embryology) a two-walled cuplike depression that develops into the pigmented and sensory layers of the retina
subtype: #tooth.anatomical_structure toothlike structure in invertebrates found in the mouth or alimentary canal or on a shell
subtype: #denticle small pointed ridge on the exoskeleton of an arthropod
subtype: #pad.anatomical_structure the foot or fleshy cushion-like underside of the toes of an animal
subtype: #gill_slit__branchial_cleft__branchialcleft__gill_cleft one of a series of slit openings in the pharynxes of fishes and aquatic amphibians through which water passes
subtype: #gill_arch__branchial_arch__branchialarch__gill_bar one of the bony or cartilaginous arches on each side of the pharynx that support the gills of fishes and aquatic amphibians
subtype: #peristome region around the mouth in various invertebrates
subtype: #syrinx the vocal organ of a bird
subtype: #bulb.anatomical_structure a rounded dilation or expansion in a canal or vessel or organ
subtype: #carina any of various keel-shaped structures or ridges such as that on the breastbone of a bird or that formed by the fused petals of a pea blossom
subtype: #carina_fornicis ridge on the lower surface of the fornix of the brain
subtype: #keel.carina the median ridge on the breastbone of birds that fly
subtype: #cauda any taillike structure
subtype: #chiasma__decussation an intersection or crossing of two tracts in the form of the letter X
subtype: #optic_chiasma__opticchiasma__optic_chiasm__opticchiasm__chiasmaopticum the crossing of the optic nerves from the two eyes at the base of the brain
subtype: #cingulum (anatomy) an encircling girdle-like structure (as the ridge around the base of a tooth)
subtype: #concha (anatomy) a structure that resembles a shell in shape
subtype: #nasal_concha__nasalconcha one of several turbinate bones in the nasal cavity
subtype: #filum__filament a threadlike anatomical structure or chainlike series of cells
subtype: #hair.filum__pilus__pilu any of the cylindrical filaments characteristically growing from the epidermis of a mammal; "there is a hair in my soup"
subtype: #ingrown_hair__ingrownhair a hair that does not emerge from the follicle but remains embedded in the skin (usually causing inflammation)
subtype: #germ a small simple structure (as a fertilized egg) from which new tissue can develop into a complete organism
subtype: #infundibulum any of various funnel-shaped parts of the body (but especially the hypophyseal stalk)
subtype: #hypophyseal_stalk__hypophysealstalk the funnel-shaped stalk connecting the pituitary gland to the hypothalamus
subtype: #interstice.anatomical_structure a small structural space between tissues or parts of an organ: "the interstices of a network"
subtype: #areola small space in a tissue or part such as the area between veins on a leaf or an insect's wing
subtype: #landmark.anatomical_structure an anatomical structure used as a point of origin in locating other anatomical structures (as in surgery) or as point from which measurements can be taken
subtype: #craniometric_point a landmark on the skull from which craniometric measurements can be taken
subtype: #acanthion the craniometric point at the anterior extremity of the intermaxillary suture
subtype: #asterion the craniometric point at the junction of the lamboid suture and the occipitomastoid suture and the parietomastoid suture
subtype: #auriculare__auricular_point__auricularpoint the craniometric point at the center of the opening of the external acoustic meatus
subtype: #bregma the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and coronal sutures at the top of the cranium
subtype: #condylion the craniometric point at the tip of the mandibular condyle
subtype: #coronion the craniometric point at the tip of the coronoid process of the mandible
subtype: #crotaphion the tip of the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
subtype: #dacryon the craniometric point at the junction of the anterior border of the lacrimal bone with the frontal bone
subtype: #entomion the craniometric point at the tip of the mastoid angle of the parietal bone
subtype: #glabella__mesophyron a smooth prominence of the frontal bone between and above the eyebrows; the most forward projecting point of the forehead in the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridges
subtype: #gnathion the most inferior point of the mandible in the midline
subtype: #gonion the craniometric point on either side at the apex of the lower jaw
subtype: #inion the craniometric point that is the most prominent point at the back of the head (at the occipital protuberance)
subtype: #jugale__jugal_point__jugalpoint the craniometric point at the union of the frontal and temporal processes of the zygomatic bone
subtype: #lambda the craniometric point at the junction of the sagittal and lamboid sutures of the skull
subtype: #mastoidale the craniometric point at the lowest point of the mastoid process
subtype: #metopion the craniometric point midway between the frontal eminences of the skull
subtype: #nasion the craniometric point at the bridge of the nose where the frontal and nasal bones of the skull meet
subtype: #obelion the craniometric point on the sagittal suture near the lamboid suture
subtype: #ophryon the craniometric point in the midline of the forehead immediately above the orbits
subtype: #orbitale__orbital_point__orbitalpoint the craniometric point at the lowest point on the lower edge of the orbit
subtype: #pogonion the craniometric point that is the most forward-projecting point on the anterior surface of the chin
subtype: #prosthion__prostheon__alveolar_point craniometric point that is the most anterior point in the midline on the alveolar process of the maxilla
subtype: #pterion the craniometric point in the region of the sphenoid fontanelle
subtype: #rhinion the anterior tip at the end of the suture of the nasal bones
subtype: #sphenion the anterior tip of the parietal bone
subtype: #stephanion the craniometric point on the coronal suture above the acoustic meatus
subtype: #symphysion the most forward point of the alveolar process of the mandible
subtype: #limbus a border or edge of any of various body parts distinguished by color or structure
subtype: #rib.anatomical_structure a riblike supporting or strengthening part of an animal or plant
subtype: #quill.rib__calamus__shaft the hollow shaft of a feather
subtype: #vein.rib__nervure one of the horny ribs that stiffen and support the wing of an insect
subtype: #nervure__vein one of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ
subtype: #midrib the vein in the center of a leaf
subtype: #blade.anatomical_structure a broad flat body part (as of the shoulder or tongue)
subtype: #vane__web the flattened weblike part of a feather consisting of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft
subtype: #radicle (anatomy) a small structure resembling a rootlet (such as a fibril of a nerve)
subtype: #plexus__rete a network of intersecting blood vessels or intersecting nerves or intersecting lymph vessels
subtype: #aortic_plexus a plexus of lymph nodes in the lower portion of the abdominal aorta
subtype: #nerve_plexus a network of intersecting nerves
subtype: #autonomic_plexus__plexus_autonomici a plexus of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers
subtype: #brachial_plexus__plexus_brachialis a network of nerves formed by cervical and thoracic spinal nerves and supplying the arm and parts of the shoulder
subtype: #cardiac_plexus__plexus_cardiacus a plexus of nerves supplying the heart and nearby structures
subtype: #carotid_plexus__plexus_caroticus a plexus of nerves surrounding the internal carotid artery
subtype: #cervical_plexus__plexus_cervicalis a nerve plexus lying beneath the sternocleidomastoid muscle
subtype: #coccygeal_plexus__plexus_coccygeus a small plexus formed by the fifth sacral and coccygeal nerves
subtype: #hypogastric_plexus__plexus_hypogastricus a plexus of nerves serving the pelvic viscera
subtype: #lumbar_plexus__plexus_lumbalis a plexus of nerves formed by the ventral branches of the first four lumbar nerves
subtype: #lumbosacral_plexus a nerve plexus formed by the ventral divisions of the coccygeal and sacral and lumbar nerves; supplies the lower limbs and perineum and coccygeal area
subtype: #mesenteric_plexus__plexus_mesentericus a plexus of autonomic nerves
subtype: #myenteric_plexus__plexus_myentericus a plexus of unmyelinated fibers and postganglionic autonomic cell bodies in the muscular coat of the esophagus and stomach and intestines
subtype: #periarterial_plexus__plexus_periarterialis an autonomic plexus that accompanies an artery
subtype: #plexus_dentalis a plexus of nerves serving the teeth
subtype: #pulmonary_plexis__plexus_pulmonalis one of two autonomic nerve plexuses in each lung
subtype: #sacral_plexus__plexus_sacralis a nerve plexus formed by the 4th and 5th lumbar and 1st, 2nd, 3rd sacral nerves; supplies the pelvic region and lower limbs
subtype: #solar_plexus__coeliac_plexus__plexus_celiacus__abdominal_nerve_plexus a large plexus of sympathetic nerves in the abdomen behind the stomach
subtype: #choroid_plexus__plexus_choroideus a vascular plexus of the cerebral ventricles that regulate intraventricular pressure
subtype: #plexus_lumbalis__lumbar_plexus a lymphatic plexus located along the lower portion of the aorta and iliac vessels
subtype: #pterygoid_plexus a plexus of veins draining the region of the pterygoid muscles and draining into the internal maxillary and anterior facial veins
subtype: #rete_testis network of tubules carrying sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vasa efferentia
subtype: #tube-shaped_structure__tube (anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure
subtype: #tubule a small tube
subtype: #microtubule a microscopically small tubule
subtype: #nephron__uriniferous_tubule__uriniferoustubule any of the small tubules that are the excretory units of the vertebrate kidney
subtype: #seminiferous_tubule any of the numerous long convoluted tubules in the testis which are the sites where spermatozoa mature
subtype: #vasa_efferentia the several highly convoluted tubules that lead from the rete testis to the vas deferens and form the head of the epididymis
subtype: #trachea one of the tubules forming the respiratory system of most insects and many arachnids
subtype: #salpinx a tube in the uterus or the ear
subtype: #Eustachian_tube__auditory_tube either of the paired tubes connecting the middle ears to the nasopharynx; equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the eardrum
subtype: #Fallopian_tube__uterine_tube__uterinetube either of a pair of tubes conducting the egg from the ovary to the uterus
subtype: #cochlea the snail-shaped tube (in the inner ear coiled around the modiolus) where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses by the Organ of Corti
subtype: #vas__vessel a tube in which a body fluid circulates
subtype: #blood_vessel__bloodvessel a vessel in which blood circulates
subtype: #arteria__artery a blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the body
subtype: #alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies the alveolar process
subtype: #inferior_alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris_inferior the alveolar artery that goes through the mandibular canal to supply the lower teeth
subtype: #superior_alveolar_artery__arteria_alveolaris_superior the alveolar artery that supplies the upper teeth
subtype: #angular_artery__angularartery__arteria_angularis__arteriaangulari the terminal branch of the facial artery
subtype: #aorta the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
subtype: #ascending_aorta the ascending part of the aorta as it emerges from the left ventricle
subtype: #aortic_arch the part of the aorta that arches and turns downward
subtype: #descending_aorta the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae
subtype: #abdominal_aorta a branch of the descending aorta
subtype: #thoracic_aorta a branch of the descending aorta; divides into the iliac arteries
subtype: #appendicular_artery__arteria_appendicularis the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the vermiform appendix
subtype: #arcuate_artery__arcuateartery__arteria_arcuata__arteriaarcuata curved artery in the foot
subtype: #arcuate_artery_of_the_kidney curved arteries of the kidney
subtype: #arteriole__arteriola__capillary_artery__capillaryartery one of the small thin-walled arteries that end in capillaries
subtype: #artery_of_the_penis_bulb__arteria_bulbi_penis__arteriabulbipeni a branch of the internal pudendal artery of males that supplies the bulb of the penis
subtype: #artery_of_the_vestibule_bulb__arteria_bulbi_vestibuli__arteriabulbivestibuli a branch of the internal pudendal artery in females that supplies the bulb of the vestibule
subtype: #ascending_artery__ascendingartery__arteria_ascendens__arteriaascenden the branch of the ileocolic artery that supplies the ascending colon
subtype: #auricular_artery__auricularartery__arteria_auricularis__arteriaauriculari artery that supplies blood to the ear
subtype: #axillary_artery__arteria_axillaris__arteriaaxillari the part of the main artery of the arm that lies in the armpit and is continuous with the subclavian artery above and the brachial artery below
subtype: #basilar_artery__basilarartery__arteria_basilaris__arteriabasilari an unpaired artery; supplies the pons and cerebellum and the back part of the cerebrum and the inner ear
subtype: #brachial_artery__arteria_brachialis the main artery of the upper arm; a continuation of the axillary artery; bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the elbow
subtype: #radial_artery__arteria_radialis branch of the brachial artery beginning below the elbow and extending down the forearm around the wrist and into the palm
subtype: #bronchial_artery__bronchialartery arteries that accompany the bronchioles
subtype: #buccal_artery__arteria_buccalis a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the buccinator muscle and the cheek
subtype: #carotid_artery__carotidartery__arteria_carotis__arteriacaroti either of two major arteries of the neck and head; branches from the aorta
subtype: #common_carotid_artery__common_carotid runs upward in the neck and divides into the external and internal carotid arteries
subtype: #external_carotid_artery__external_carotid the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the face and tongue and external parts of the head
subtype: #internal_carotid_artery the branch of the carotid artery that supplies blood to the brain and eyes and internal parts of the head
subtype: #celiac_trunk__celiac_artery__truncus_celiacus__arteria_celiaca__arteriaceliaca an artery that originates from the abdominal aorta just below the diaphragm and branches into the left gastric artery and the common hepatic artery and the splenic artery
subtype: #central_artery_of_the_retina__arteria_centralis_retinae__arteriacentralisretinae a branch of the ophthalmic artery; enters the eyeball with the optic nerve
subtype: #cerebellar_artery__arteria_cerebelli__arteriacerebelli an artery that supplies the cerebellum
subtype: #inferior_cerebellar_artery the inferior branch of the cerebellar artery
subtype: #superior_cerebellar_artery the superior branch of the cerebellar artery
subtype: #cerebral_artery__arteria_cerebri__arteriacerebri any of the arteries supplying blood to the cerebral cortex
subtype: #anterior_cerebral_artery one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into two branches that serve (1) the thalamus and (2) parts of the frontal and parietal cortex
subtype: #middle_cerebral_artery one of two branches of the internal carotid artery; divides into three branches
subtype: #posterior_cerebral_artery arises from the basilar artery; divides into three branches
subtype: #temporal_artery any of the three arteries on either side of the brain supplying the cortex of the temporal lobe
subtype: #anterior_temporal_artery__arteria_temporalis_anterior temporal artery that goes to the anterior part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
subtype: #intermediate_temporal_artery__arteria_temporalis_intermedia temporal artery that goes to the middle part of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe
subtype: #posterior_temporal_artery__arteria_temporalis_posterior temporal artery that supplies the posterior part of the cortex of the temporal lobe
subtype: #cervical_artery__areteria_cervicalis an artery that supplies the muscles of the neck
subtype: #choroidal_artery__choroidalartery__arteriachoroidea an artery that supplies the choroid plexus
subtype: #ciliary_artery__ciliaryartery__arteria_ciliaris one of several arteries supplying the choroid coat of the eye
subtype: #circle_of_Willis a ring of arteries at the base of the brain
subtype: #circumflex_artery any of several paired curving arteries
subtype: #circumflex_artery_of_the_thigh__arteria_circumflexa_femoris__arteriacircumflexafemori an artery that supplies the hip joint and thigh muscles
subtype: #circumflex_humeral_artery__arteria_circumflexa_humeri__arteriacircumflexahumeri an artery that supplies the shoulder joint and shoulder muscles
subtype: #circumflex_iliac_artery__arteria_circumflexa_ilium an artery that supplies the lower abdominal walls and skin and the sartorius muscle
subtype: #circumflex_scapular_artery__arteria_circumflexa_scapulae__arteriacircumflexascapulae an artery that serves the muscles of the shoulder and scapular area
subtype: #colic_artery__colicartery__arteria_colica__arteriacolica arteries that supply blood to the colon
subtype: #communicating_artery__communicatingartery__arteria_communicans__arteriacommunican any of three arteries in the brain that make up the circle of Willis
subtype: #coronary_artery__arteria_coronaria__arteriacoronaria the artery that branches from the aorta to supply blood to the heart
subtype: #atrial_artery the branch of the coronary artery that supplies the muscles of the atria
subtype: #right_coronary_artery arises from the right aortic sinus; supplies the right side of the heart
subtype: #left_coronary_artery arises from the left aortic sinus; supplies the left side of the heart
subtype: #cystic_artery__arteria_cystica__arteriacystica a branch of the hepatic artery; supplies the gall bladder and the surface of the liver
subtype: #digital_arteries__arteria_digitalis__arteriadigitali arteries in the hand and foot that supply the fingers and toes
subtype: #epigastric_artery__arteria_epigastrica one of three arteries supplying the anterior walls of the abdomen
subtype: #ethmoidal_artery__ethmoidalartery__arteriaethmoidali a branch of the ophthalmic artery supplying structures in and around the nasal capsule
subtype: #femoral_artery__femoralartery__arteria_femoralis__arteriafemorali the chief artery of the thigh; a continuation of the external iliac artery
subtype: #popliteal_artery__poplitealartery__arteria_poplitea__arteriapoplitea continuation of the femoral artery that branches to supply the legs and feet
subtype: #gastric_artery__gastricartery__arteria_gastrica__arteriagastrica arteries that supplies the walls of the stomach
subtype: #right_gastric_artery__rightgastricartery__ateria_gastrica_dextra a branch of the hepatic artery that supplies the pyloric portion of the stomach on the lesser curvature
subtype: #left_gastric_artery__arteria_gastrica_sinistra a branch of the celiac artery that supplies the lesser curvature of the stomach and the abdominal part of the esophagus
subtype: #short_gastric_artery__shortgastricartery__arteria_gastrica_breves__vasa_brevis several small arteries branching off of the splenic artery and going to the greater curvature of the stomach
subtype: #gluteal_artery__glutealartery__arteria_glutes branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the hip joint and gluteal region
subtype: #hepatic_artery__hepaticartery__arteria_hepatica__arteriahepatica arteries that supply the liver
subtype: #ileal_artery__ilealartery__intestinalartery__arteria_ileum__arteriaileum branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the ileum
subtype: #ileocolic_artery__ileocolicartery__arteriaileocolica an artery that originates from the superior mesenteric artery and supplies the terminal part of the ileum and the cecum and the vermiform appendix and the ascending colon
subtype: #iliac_artery__iliacartery__arteria_iliaca__arteriailiaca one of the large arteries supplying blood to the pelvis and legs
subtype: #common_iliac_artery terminal branches of the abdominal aorta
subtype: #external_iliac_artery the outer branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; becomes the femoral artery
subtype: #internal_iliac_artery__hypogastric_artery__hypogastricartery the inner branch of the common iliac artery on either side of the body; divides into several branches that supply blood to the pelvic and gluteal areas
subtype: #iliolumbar_artery__arteria_iliolumbalis an artery that originates in the internal iliac artery and supplies the pelvic muscles and bones
subtype: #infraorbital_artery__arteria_infraorbitalis originates from the maxillary artery and supplies structures below the orbit (from lower eyelid to upper lip)
subtype: #innominate_artery a large artery arising from the arch of the aorta and divides into the right subclavian artery and the right common carotid artery; supplies the right side of the neck and head and the right shoulder and arm
subtype: #intercostal_artery__intercostalartery__arteria_intercostalis__arteriaintercostali several arteries and supplying the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
subtype: #jejunal_artery__jejunalartery__intestinal_artery branch of the superior mesenteric artery that supplies the jejunum
subtype: #labial_artery__arteria_labialis a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lips of the mouth
subtype: #inferior_labial_artery__arteria_labialis_inferior a branch of the facial artery that supplies the lower lip
subtype: #superior_labial_artery__arteria_labialis_superior a branch of the facial artery that supplies the upper lip
subtype: #labyrinthine_artery__artery_of_the_labyrinth__internal_auditory_artery a branch of the basilar artery that supplies the labyrinth
subtype: #lacrimal_artery__arteria_lacrimalis an artery that originates from the ophthalmic artery and supplies the lacrimal gland and rectal eye muscles and the upper eyelid and the forehead
subtype: #laryngeal_artery__laryngealartery__arteria_laryngea__arterialaryngea either of two arteries that supply blood to the larynx
subtype: #lienal_artery__splenic_artery__splenicartery__arteria_lienalis an artery that originates from the celiac trunk and supplies blood to the spleen
subtype: #lingual_artery__lingualartery__arteria_lingualis__arterialinguali an artery originating from the external carotid artery and supplying the under side of the tongue
subtype: #lumbar_artery__arteria_lumbalis one of four or five pairs of arteries that originate in the abdominal aorta and supply the lumbar vertebrae and the back muscles and abdominal wall
subtype: #maxillary_artery__maxillaryartery__arteria_maxillaris either of two arteries branching from the external carotid artery and supplying structure of the face
subtype: #facial_artery__arteria_facialis__external_maxillary_artery an artery that originates in the external carotid and gives off branches that supply the neck and face
subtype: #internal_maxillary_artery the maxillary artery that supplies deep structure of the face and some of the meninges
subtype: #meningeal_artery__meningealartery__arteria_meningea__arteriameningea any of three arteries supplying the meninges of the brain and neighboring structures
subtype: #anterior_meningeal_artery branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery that supplies meninges in the anterior cranial fossa
subtype: #middle_meningeal_artery branch of the maxillary artery; its branches supply meninges
subtype: #posterior_meningeal_artery__posteriormeningealartery branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery that supplies the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa
subtype: #mesenteric_artery__arteria_mesenterica__arteriamesenterica one of two branches of the aorta that pass between the two layers of the mesentery to the intestines
subtype: #inferior_mesenteric_artery arises near the lower end of the aorta and supplies the large intestine
subtype: #superior_mesenteric_artery originates from the upper part of the aorta that supplies the small intestines and the cecum and the colon
subtype: #metacarpal_artery__arteria_metacarpea__arteriametacarpea dorsal and palmar arteries of the hand
subtype: #metatarsal_artery__arteria_metatarsea__arteriametatarsea dorsal and plantar arteries to the metatarsal region of the foot
subtype: #musculophrenic_artery__arteria_musculophrenica an artery that supplies the abdomen and intercostal muscles
subtype: #nutrient_artery__arteria_nutricia__arterianutricia an artery that supplies the medullary cavity of the long bone
subtype: #ophthalmic_artery__arteria_ophthalmica a branch of the internal carotid artery that supplies the eye and neighboring structures
subtype: #ovarian_artery__ovarianartery__arteria_ovarica__arteriaovarica the artery that branches from the aorta and supplies blood to the ovaries
subtype: #palatine_artery__arteria_palatina__arteriapalatina one of several arteries supplying the face
subtype: #pancreatic_artery__arteria_pancreatica__arteriapancreatica a branch of the splenic artery that supplies the pancreas
subtype: #perineal_artery__arteria_perinealis a branch of the internal pudendal artery that supplies superficial structures of the perineum
subtype: #pudendal_artery__arteria_pudenda__arteriapudenda arteries supplying the external genital organs of humans
subtype: #pulmonary_artery__pulmonaryartery__arteria_pulmonalis one of two arteries (branches of the pulmonary trunk) that carry venous blood from the heart to the lungs
subtype: #pulmonary_trunk__pulmonarytrunk__truncus_pulmonalis the artery that carries venous blood from the right ventricle of the heart and divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries
subtype: #rectal_artery__arteria_rectalis one of the arteries supplying the rectal area
subtype: #renal_artery__renalartery__arteria_renalis an artery originating from the abdominal aorta and supplying the kidneys and adrenal glands and ureters
subtype: #subclavian_artery__arteria_subclavia__arteriasubclavia either of two arteries that supply blood to the neck and arms
subtype: #testicular_artery__internal_spermatic_artery__arteria_testicularis a branch of the aorta supplying the testicles
subtype: #ulnar_artery__ulnarartery__arteria_ulnaris__arteriaulnari large artery that branches from the brachial artery to supply the muscles of the forearm and wrist and hand
subtype: #uterine_artery__uterineartery__arteria_uterina__arteriauterina a branch of the internal iliac artery that supplies the uterus and the upper part of the vagina
subtype: #vaginal_artery__vaginalartery__arteria_vaginalis__arteriavaginali a branch of the internal iliac that provides blood for the vagina and the base of the bladder and the rectum
subtype: #vertebral_artery__vertebralartery__arteriavertebrali the first branch of the subclavian artery; divided into four parts
subtype: #ductus_arteriosus a blood vessel in a fetus that bypasses pulmonary circulation by connecting the pulmonary artery directly to the ascending aorta; normally closes at birth
subtype: #patent_ductus_arteriosus a ductus arteriosus that failed to close at birth; may require surgical correction
subtype: #vasa_vasorum (invertebrates) any small blood vessel ramifying on the outside of a major artery or vein
subtype: #vein__vena a blood vessel that carries blood from the capillaries toward the heart; all veins except the pulmonary carry unaerated blood
subtype: #accessory_cephalic_vein__vena_cephalica_accessoria a vein that passes along the radial edge of the forearm and joins the cephalic vein near the elbow
subtype: #accessory_hemiazygos_vein__accessory_hemiazygous_vein__accessoryhemiazygousvein__vena_hemiazygos_accessoria a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein
subtype: #accessory_vertebral_vein__accessoryvertebralvein__vena_vertebralis_accessoria a vein that accompanies the vertebral vein but passes through the foramen of the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebra and empties into the brachiocephalic vein
subtype: #accompanying_vein__vena_comitans a vein accompanying another structure; a vein may accompany an artery in such a way that the arterial pulses aid venous return
subtype: #anastomotic_vein__anastomoticvein__venaanastomotica either of two communicating veins serving the brain
subtype: #angular_vein__angularvein__venaangulari a short vein formed by the supraorbital vein and the supratrochlear vein and continuing as the facial vein
subtype: #anterior_vertebral_vein__vena_vertebralis_anterior a vein that accompanies the ascending cervical artery and opens into the vertebral vein
subtype: #appendicular_vein__vena_appendicularis a vein that accompanies the appendicular artery and empties into the ileocolic vein
subtype: #arcuate_vein_of_the_kidney__vena_arcuata_renis veins that receive blood from interlobular veins of kidney and rectal venules
subtype: #auricular_vein__auricularvein__vena_auricularis one of two veins serving the ear region
subtype: #axillary_vein__vena_axillaris a continuation of the basilic vein and brachial vein that becomes the subclavian vein
subtype: #azygos_vein__azygous_vein__azygousvein__vena_azygos one of a system of veins that drain the thoracic and abdominal walls; arises as a continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein and terminates in the superior vena cava
subtype: #basal_vein__basalvein__vena_basalis a large vein passing along the medial surface of the temporal lobe and emptying into the great cerebral vein
subtype: #basilic_vein__basilicvein__vena_basilica a vein that drains the back of the hand and forearm and empties into the axillary vein
subtype: #basivertebral_vein__basivertebralvein__vena_basivertebralis one of a number of veins draining the spongy substance of the vertebrae and emptying into the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus
subtype: #brachial_vein__vena_brachialis two veins in either arm that accompany the brachial artery and empty into the axillary vein
subtype: #brachiocephalic_vein__brachiocephalicvein__innominate_vein__vena_brachiocephalica veins formed by the union of the internal jugular and subclavian veins
subtype: #bronchial_vein__bronchialvein__vena_bronchialis veins serving the bronchi; empty into the azygos vein
subtype: #cardinal_vein any of the major venous channels in primitive adult vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
subtype: #anterior_cardinal_vein a major drainage channel from the cephalic part of the body
subtype: #posterior_cardinal_vein a major drainage channel from the caudal part of the body
subtype: #common_cardinal_vein the major return channels to the heart; formed by anastomosis of the anterior and posterior cardinal veins
subtype: #central_veins_of_liver__venae_centrales_hepatis__venaecentraleshepati terminal branches of the hepatic veins that lie in the hepatic lobules and receive blood from the liver sinusoids
subtype: #central_vein_of_retina__vena_centrales_retinae vein formed by the union of the retinal veins; accompanies central arteries of the retina in the optic nerve
subtype: #central_vein_of_suprarenal_gland__vena_centralis_glandulae_suprarenalis a single draining vein; on the right it empties into the inferior vena cava; on the left it empties into the left renal vein
subtype: #cephalic_vein__vena_cephalica a large vein of the arm that empties into the axillary vein
subtype: #cerebellar_vein__vena_cerebellum the veins draining the cerebellum
subtype: #cerebral_vein__vena_cerebri any of several veins serving the cerebral hemispheres of the brain
subtype: #anterior_cerebral_vein__vena_cerebri_anterior accompanies the anterior cerebral artery and empties into the basal vein
subtype: #great_cerebral_vein__vena_cerebri_magna a cerebral vein formed by the two internal cerebral veins and continuing into the sinus rectus
subtype: #inferior_cerebral_vein__venae_cerebrum_inferior veins that drain the undersurface of the cerebral hemispheres and empty into the cavernous and transverse sinuses
subtype: #internal_cerebral_vein__vena_cerebrum_internus two paired veins passing caudally near the midline and uniting to form the great cerebral vein
subtype: #middle_cerebral_vein__vena_cerebri_media either of two cerebral veins
subtype: #deep_middle_cerebral_vein accompanies the middle cerebral artery deep in the Sylvian fissure; empties into the basal vein
subtype: #superficial_middle_cerebral_vein a large vein along the line of the Sylvian fissure to the cavernous sinus
subtype: #superior_cerebral_vein__vena_cerebrum_superior a cerebral vein that drains the dorsal convexity of the cerebral hemisphere and empties into the cavernous sinus
subtype: #deep_cervical_vein__cervical_vein__vena_cervicalis_profunda a vein that accompanies an artery of the same name
subtype: #choroid_vein__choroidvein__vena_choroidea either of two veins serving the choroid coat of the eye
subtype: #ciliary_veins__ciliaryvein__venae_ciliares small veins coming from the ciliary body
subtype: #circumflex_vein__vena_circumflexa any of several curved parallel veins accompanying arteries of the same name
subtype: #circumflex_iliac_vein__vena_circumflexa_ilium accompanies the artery of the same name
subtype: #circumflex_femoral_vein__vena_circumflexus_femoris__venacircumflexusfemori either of two veins that accompany arteries of the same name serving the hip and thigh
subtype: #clitoral_vein__vena_clitoridis veins that serve the clitoris
subtype: #venae_profundae_clitoridis deep veins of the clitoris; join the vesical plexus
subtype: #vena_dorsalis_clitoridis_profunda deep dorsal vein of the clitoris; tributary of the vesical venous plexus
subtype: #venae_dorsales_clitoridis_superficiales superficial dorsal veins of the clitoris; tributaries of the external pudendal vein on either side
subtype: #colic_vein__colicvein__vena_colica vein serving the large intestine
subtype: #common_facial_vein vein formed by union of facial vein and the retromandibular vein and emptying into the jugular vein
subtype: #conjunctival_veins__venae_conjunctivales veins draining the conjunctiva
subtype: #costoaxillary_vein__costoaxillaryvein one of several veins connecting intercostal veins with with the lateral thoracic vein or the thoracoepigastric vein
subtype: #cutaneous_vein__cutaneousvein__vena_cutanea one of a number of veins in the subcutaneous tissue that empty into deep veins
subtype: #cystic_vein__vena_cystica vein that drains the gallbladder
subtype: #digital_vein__digitalvein__vena_digitalis one of the veins serving the fingers or toes
subtype: #diploic_vein__diploicvein__venadiploica one of the veins serving the spongy part of the cranial bones
subtype: #dorsal_scapular_vein__vena_scapularis_dorsalis vein that is a tributary of the subclavian vein or external jugular vein and accompanies the descending scapular artery
subtype: #emissary_vein__vena_emissaria one of several connecting veins in the scalp and head that drain blood from sinuses in the dura mater to veins outside the skull
subtype: #epigastric_vein veins serving the anterior walls of the abdomen
subtype: #inferior_epigastric_vein__vena_epigastrica_inferior empties into the external iliac vein
subtype: #superficial_epigastric_vein__vena_epigastrica_superficialis empties into the great saphenous vein
subtype: #superior_epigastric_veins__venae_epigastricae_superiores veins that accompany the superior epigastric artery
subtype: #esophageal_veins__oesophageal_veins__oesophagealvein__venae_esophageae__venaeesophageae small veins from the esophagus emptying into the brachiocephalic vein or the azygos veins
subtype: #ethmoidal_vein__ethmoidalvein__vena_ethmoidalis veins that drain the ethmoidal sinuses and empty into the superior ophthalmic vein
subtype: #external_nasal_vein__vena_nasalis_externa one of the veins that drain the external nose and empty into the angular or facial vein
subtype: #facial_vein__vena_facialis any of several veins draining the face
subtype: #anterior_facial_vein__vena_facialis_anterior a continuation of the angular vein; unites with the retromandibular vein before emptying into the internal jugular vein
subtype: #retromandibular_vein__retromandibularvein__vena_retromandibularis__posterior_facial_vein posterior branch of the facial vein; formed by temporal veins in front of the ear
subtype: #femoral_vein__femoralvein__vena_femoralis a vein that accompanies the femoral artery in the same sheath; a continuation of the popliteal vein; becomes the external iliac vein
subtype: #gastric_vein__gastricvein__vena_gastrica one of several veins draining the stomach walls
subtype: #left_gastric_vein__vena_gastrica_sinistra arises from a union of veins from the gastric cardia; runs in the lesser omentum; empties into the portal vein
subtype: #pyloric_vein__pyloricvein__right_gastric_vein__rightgastricvein__vena_gastrica-dextra receives veins from the upper surfaces of the stomach and empties into the portal vein
subtype: #gastroomental_vein__gastroomentalvein__gastroepiploic_vein__vena_gastroomentalis one of two veins serving the great curvature of the stomach
subtype: #genicular_vein__genicularvein__vena_genus veins that drain blood from structures around the knee; empty into the popliteal vein
subtype: #gluteal_vein__glutealvein__vena_gluteus veins draining the gluteal muscles on either side of the body
subtype: #hemizygos_vein__hemizygosvein__hemizygous_vein__vena_hemizygos a continuation of the left ascending lumbar vein; crosses the midline at the 8th vertebra and empties into the azygos vein
subtype: #hemorrhoidal_vein__rectal_vein__vena_rectalis any of several veins draining the walls of the anal canal and rectum
subtype: #hepatic_vein__hepaticvein__vena_hepatica a vein that drains the liver; empties into the vena cava
subtype: #ileocolic_vein__ileocolicvein__vena_ileocolica a vein that drains the end of the ileum and the appendix and the cecum and the lower part of the ascending colon
subtype: #iliac_vein__iliacvein__vena_iliaca one of three veins draining the pelvic area
subtype: #hypogastric_vein__hypogastricvein__internal_iliac_vein a vein that unites with the external iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
subtype: #external_iliac_vein a continuation of the femoral vein; unites with the internal iliac vein to form the common iliac vein
subtype: #common_iliac_vein formed by the internal and external iliac veins; unites with its fellow from the opposite side of the body to form the inferior vena cava
subtype: #iliolumbar_vein__vena_iliolumbalis a branch of the internal iliac vein
subtype: #intercapitular_vein__vena_intercapitalis veins connecting the dorsal and palmar veins of the hand or the dorsal and plantar veins of the foot
subtype: #intercostal_vein__intercostalvein__vena_intercostalis several veins draining the intercostal spaces of the rib cage
subtype: #intervertebral_vein__vena_intervertebralis one of several veins accompanying spinal nerves
subtype: #jugular_vein__jugularvein__vena_jugularis__jugular veins in the neck that return blood from the head
subtype: #anterior_jugular_vein arises below the chin from veins draining the lower face; joins the external jugular vein
subtype: #external_jugular_vein formed by the junction of the posterior auricular and the retromandibular veins; empties into the subclavian vein
subtype: #internal_jugular_vein a continuation of the sigmoid sinus of the dura mater; joins the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic vein
subtype: #labial_vein__vena_labialis a vein draining the lips of the mouth
subtype: #inferior_labial_vein__vena_labialis_inferior a tributary of the facial vein that drains the lower lip
subtype: #superior_labial_vein__vena_labialis_superior a tributary of the facial vein that drains the upper lip
subtype: #vena_labialis__labial_vein veins draining the lips of the vulva
subtype: #venae_labiales_anteriores__anterior_labial_veins veins from the labia majora to the external pudendal vein
subtype: #venae_labiales_posteriores__posterior_labial_veins veins that pass posterior from the labia majora to the internal pudendal vein
subtype: #labyrinthine_vein__internal_auditory_vein veins that drain the inner ear
subtype: #lacrimal_vein__vena_lacrimalis drains the lacrimal gland; empties into the superior ophthalmic vein
subtype: #laryngeal_vein__laryngealvein__vena_laryngea one of two veins draining the larynx
subtype: #lingual_vein__lingualvein__vena_lingualis a vein that receives blood from the tongue and the floor of the mouth and empties into the internal jugular or the facial vein
subtype: #lumbar_vein__vena_lumbalis veins that drain the posterior body wall and the lumbar vertebral venous plexuses
subtype: #maxillary_vein__maxillaryvein__vena_maxillaris posterior continuation of the pterygoid plexus; joins the superficial temporal vein to form the retromandibular vein
subtype: #meningeal_veins__meningealvein__venae_meningeae veins at accompany the meningeal arteries
subtype: #mesenteric_vein__vena_mesenterica a tributary of the portal vein passing from the intestine between the two layers of mesentery
subtype: #metacarpal_vein__vena_metacarpus dorsal and palmar veins of the hand
subtype: #metatarsal_vein__vena_metatarsus dorsal and plantar branches of veins serving the metatarsal region of the foot
subtype: #musculophrenic_vein__vena_musculophrenica veins that drain the upper abdominal wall and the lower intercostal spaces and the abdomen
subtype: #nasofrontal_vein__nasofrontalvein__vena_nasofrontalis a vein located in the anterior medial part of the orbit; connects the superior ophthalmic with the angular vein
subtype: #oblique_vein_of_the_left_atrium__vena_obliqua_atrii_sinistri a tributary of the coronary sinus; on the posterior wall of the left atrium
subtype: #obturator_vein__obturatorvein__vena_obturatoria a vein formed by the union of tributaries that drain the hip joints and thigh muscles; empties into the internal iliac vein
subtype: #occipital_vein__occipitalvein__vena_occipitalis a vein that drains the occipital region
subtype: #ophthalmic_vein__vena_ophthalmica either of two veins that serve the eye; empties into the cavernous sinus
subtype: #inferior_ophthalmic_vein a vein that drains a venous network in the floor and medial wall of the eye socket
subtype: #superior_ophthalmic_vein a vein that begins at the inner angle of the eye socket and passes through the superior orbital fissure to empty into the cavernous sinus
subtype: #ovarian_vein__ovarianvein__vena_ovarica one of the veins that drain the ovaries; the right opens into the inferior vena cava; the left opens into the left renal vein
subtype: #palatine_vein__vena_palatina a vein that drains the region of the palate and empties into the facial vein
subtype: #pancreatic_vein__venae_pancreatica__venaepancreatica veins draining the pancreas and emptying into the superior mesenteric and splenic veins
subtype: #paraumbilical_vein__paraumbilicalvein__vena_paraumbilicalis small veins arising in skin around the navel; terminate as accessory portal veins
subtype: #parotid_vein__parotidvein parotid branches of the facial vein; drain part of the parotid gland and empty into the retromandibular vein
subtype: #pectoral_vein__vena_pectoralis veins that drain the pectoral muscles and empty into the subclavian vein
subtype: #perforating_vein__perforatingvein__venaperforanti veins that accompany the perforating arteries; drain leg muscles; empty into the deep femoral vein
subtype: #pericardial_vein__pericardialvein__venapericardiaca several small veins from the pericardium
subtype: #peroneal_vein__fibular_vein__fibularvein__vena_peroneus accompany the peroneal arteries; arising in the heel and running up the back of the leg to join the posterior tibial veins of the popliteal vein
subtype: #pharyngeal_vein__vena_pharyngeus veins from the pharyngeal plexus that empty into the internal jugular vein
subtype: #phrenic_vein__phrenicvein__vena_phrenica either of two veins that drain the diaphragm
subtype: #popliteal_vein__poplitealvein__vena_poplitea a vein arising in the knee and ascending to become the femoral vein
subtype: #hepatic_portal_vein__portal_vein__vena_portae a short vein that carries blood into the liver
subtype: #posterior_vein_of_the_left_ventricle__vena_posterior_ventriculi_sinistri arises near the apex of the heart and empties into the coronary sinus
subtype: #prepyloric_vein__vena_pylorica a tributary of the right gastric vein
subtype: #pudendal_vein__venae_pudendum__venaepudendum vein of the pudendum
subtype: #pulmonary_vein__pulmonaryvein__vena_pulmonalis any of four veins that carry arterial blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart
subtype: #inferior_pulmonary_vein__vena_pulmanalis_inferior either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the inferior lobes of the lungs
subtype: #superior_pulmonary_vein__vena_pulmonalis_superior either of two pulmonary veins (left and right) returning blood from the superior lobes of the lungs
subtype: #radial_vein__vena_radialis superficial veins ascending the radial side of the forearm; combines with the ulnar veins to form the brachial vein
subtype: #renal_vein__renalvein__vena_renalis veins that accompany renal arteries; open into the vena cava at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra
subtype: #sacral_vein__vena_sacralis vein of the sacral region
subtype: #saphenous_vein__saphenousvein__vena_saphena either of two chief superficial veins of the leg that drain blood from the foot
subtype: #long_saphenous_vein__great_saphenous_vein__greatsaphenousvein the longest vein in the body; runs from foot to the groin where it joins the femoral vein
subtype: #short_saphenous_vein__shortsaphenousvein a vein running from the foot up the back of the leg to the knee
subtype: #scleral_veins__scleralvein__venae_sclerales__venaesclerale tributaries of the anterior ciliary veins that drain the sclera of the eye
subtype: #scrotal_vein__scrotalvein__vena_scrotalis veins passing from the scrotum to the pudendal veins
subtype: #sigmoid_vein__sigmoidvein__venasigmoideu tributaries of the inferior mesenteric vein; drains the sigmoid colon
subtype: #spinal_vein__vena_spinalis__venaspinali veins that drain the spinal cord
subtype: #splenic_vein__splenicvein__vena_lienalis a vein formed by several small veins on the surface of the spleen; joins the superior mesenteric to form the portal vein
subtype: #sternocleidomastoid_vein__sternocleidomastoidvein__vena_sternocleidomastoidea drains the sternocleidomastoid muscle; empties into the internal jugular vein
subtype: #stylomastoid_vein__vena_stylomastoidea a vein that drains the tympanic cavity and empties into the retromandibular vein
subtype: #subclavian_vein__vena_subclavia a continuation of the axillary vein; joins the internal jugular to form the brachiocephalic vein
subtype: #sublingual_vein__vena_sublingualis a tributary of the lingual vein
subtype: #supraorbital_vein__vena_supraorbitalis drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supratrochlear vein to form the angular vein
subtype: #supratrochlear_vein__vena_supratrochlearis drains the front of the scalp; unites with the supraorbital vein to form the angular vein
subtype: #temporal_vein__vena_temporalis any of several veins draining the temporal region
subtype: #deep_temporal_vein temporal veins that empty into the pterygoid plexus
subtype: #middle_temporal_vein arises near the eye; joins the superficial temporal veins to form the retromandibular vein
subtype: #superficial_temporal_vein join the middle temporal vein to empty into the retromandibular vein
subtype: #testicular_vein__vena_testicularis a vein from the testicles
subtype: #thalamostriate_vein a vein serving the thalamus and corpus striatum
subtype: #superior_thalamostriate_vein a long vein that helps to form the internal cerebral vein
subtype: #inferior_thalamostriate_vein__striate_vein__striatevein tributaries to the basal vein
subtype: #thoracoepigastric_vein__thoracoepigastricvein__vena_thoracoepigastrica a vein arising from the region of the superficial epigastric vein and opening into the axillary vein or thoracic vein
subtype: #thoracic_vein__vena_thoracica veins that drain the thoracic walls
subtype: #thyroid_vein__thyroidvein__vena_thyroidea any of several small veins draining blood from the thyroid area
subtype: #inferior_thyroid_vein any of several veins on each side that drain the thyroid gland and empty into the innominate vein
subtype: #middle_thyroid_vein a vein on each side that drains the lateral part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
subtype: #superior_thyroid_vein a vein on each side that drains the upper part of the thyroid and empties into the internal jugular vein
subtype: #tibial_vein__vena_tibialis veins of the lower leg; empty into the popliteal vein
subtype: #tracheal_vein__vena_trachealis several small veins from the trachea
subtype: #tympanic_vein veins from the tympanic cavity that empty into the retromandibular vein
subtype: #ulnar_vein__ulnarvein__vena_ulnaris any of several veins of the forearm
subtype: #umbilical_vein__umbilicalvein__vena_umbilicalis a vein in the umbilical cord; returns nutrient blood from the placenta to the fetus
subtype: #uterine_vein__uterinevein one of two veins on each side that arise from the uterine plexus and empty into the internal iliac vein
subtype: #varicose_vein a vein that is permanently dilated; most common in the legs
subtype: #vena_bulbi_penis vein of the head of the penis; tributary of the internal pudendal vein that drains the perineum
subtype: #vena_canaliculi_cochleae vein of the cochlear canal
subtype: #vein_of_penis a vein serving the penis
subtype: #venae_dorsales_penis_superficiales superficial dorsal veins of the penis; paired tributaries of the external pudendal veins on each side
subtype: #venae_dorsales_penis_profunda deep dorsal vein of the penis; tributary of the prostatic plexus
subtype: #vena_profunda_penis deep vein of the penis; enters the prostatic plexus
subtype: #vena_bulbi_vestibuli vein of the vestibular bulb
subtype: #vena_cava either of two large veins that return oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium of the heart
subtype: #inferior_vena_cava__postcava receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart; formed from the union of the two iliac veins
subtype: #superior_vena_cava__precava receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart; formed from the azygos and both brachiocephalic veins
subtype: #venae_palpebrales__venaepalpebrale veins of the eyelids
subtype: #venae_interlobulares_hepatis interlobular veins of the liver
subtype: #venae_renis__venaereni veins of the kidney; drain the kidney into the renal vein
subtype: #venae_interlobulares_renis interlobular veins of the kidney; receive blood from the arcuate vein and empty into the renal veins
subtype: #vertebral_vein__vertebralvein__vena_vertebralis a vein that goes through the foramina of the cervical vertebrae and forms a plexus around the vertebral artery; empties into the brachiocephalic vein
subtype: #vesical_vein__vesicalvein__venavesicali veins that drain the vesical plexus and join the internal iliac veins
subtype: #vestibular_vein__vena_vestibularis veins that drain the saccule and utricle
subtype: #vortex_vein__vorticose_vein__vorticosevein__vena_vorticosum a vein formed by branches from the back surface of the eye and the ciliary body; empties into the ophthalmic veins
subtype: #venule__venula__capillary_vein__capillaryvein a minute vein continuous with a capillary
subtype: #episcleral_veins__venae_episclerales small veins in the sclera near the corneal margin; empty into the anterior ciliary veins
subtype: #stellate_venule a star-shaped group of venules in the renal cortex
subtype: #capillary any of the minute blood vessels connecting arterioles with venules
subtype: #glomerulus a small intertwined group of capillaries in the malpighian body; glomeruli filter blood during urine formation
subtype: #tomentum_cerebri__tomentum a network of tiny blood vessels between the cerebral surface of the pia mater and the cerebral cortex
subtype: #cartilaginous_tube__cartilaginoustube a tube with cartilaginous walls
subtype: #bronchus__bronchial_tube__bronchialtube either of the two main branches of the trachea
subtype: #bronchiole any of the smallest bronchial tubes; ending in alveoli
subtype: #windpipe__trachea membranous tube with cartilaginous rings that conveys inhaled air from the larynx to the bronchi
subtype: #passage.anatomical_structure__passageway a path or channel or duct through or along which something may pass; "the nasal passages"
subtype: #birth_canal__birthcanal a passage in the uterus and vagina through which a fetus passes during vaginal birth
subtype: #meatus a natural body passageway
subtype: #auditory_meatus__acoustic_meatus__ear_canal__earcanal__auditory_canal__external_auditory_canal either of the passages in the outer ear from the auricle to the tympanic membrane
subtype: #nasal_meatus the passages in the nasal cavity formed by the projections of the nasal conchae
subtype: #orifice__opening__porta an aperture or hole opening into a bodily cavity; "the orifice into the aorta from the lower left chamber of the heart"
subtype: #vent external opening of urinary or genital system of a lower vertebrate
subtype: #blastopore the opening into the archenteron
subtype: #aortic_orifice the orifice from the lower left chamber of the heart to the aorta
subtype: #stoma a mouth or mouthlike opening (especially one created by surgery on the surface of the body to create an opening to an internal organ)
subtype: #porta_hepatis__portahepati opening for major blood vessels to enter and leave the liver
subtype: #spiracle a breathing orifice
subtype: #blowhole the spiracle of a cetacean located far back on the skull
subtype: #stigma.spiracle an external tracheal aperture in a terrestrial arthropod
subtype: #mouth the externally visible part of the oral cavity on the face and the system of organs surrounding the opening; "she wiped lipstick from her mouth"
subtype: #cytostome mouth of a protozoan
subtype: #neb__beak__bill__nib__pecker horny projecting mouth of a bird
subtype: #beak beaklike mouth of animals other than birds (e.g., turtles)
subtype: #os a mouth or mouthlike opening
subtype: #uterine_cervix__uterinecervix__cervix__cervix_uteri necklike opening to the uterus
subtype: #incompetent_cervix__incompetentcervix (obstetrics) uterine cervix that becomes dilated before term and without labor often resulting in miscarriage or premature birth
subtype: #fenestra a small membrane-covered opening (especially one in the bone between the middle and inner ear)
subtype: #fenestra_ovalis__fenestra_vestibuli__oval_window__fenestra_of_the_vestibule fenestra that has the base of the stapes attached to it
subtype: #fenestra_rotunda__fenestra_cochleae__round_window__roundwindow__fenestra_of_the_cochlea fenestra leading into the cochlea
subtype: #cardia the opening into the stomach and that part of the stomach connected to the esophagus
subtype: #introitus__introitu entrance or opening to a hollow organ or tube (especially the vaginal opening); "the introitus of the vagina"
subtype: #urethral_orifice__external_orifice the orifice through which urine is discharged
subtype: #pylorus__pyloru a small circular opening between the stomach and the duodenum
subtype: #anus__arse__arsehole__asshole excretory opening at the end of the alimentary canal
subtype: #imperforate_anus a congenital defect of the anus; there is partial or complete obstruction of the anal opening
subtype: #fontanelle__fontanel__soft_spot any membranous gap between the bones of the cranium in an infant or fetus
subtype: #anterior_fontanelle corresponds to the bregma when bones have ossified
subtype: #sphenoid_fontanelle__sphenoid_fontanel__sphenoidal_fontanelle__sphenoidal_fontanel the irregularly shaped area on either side of the cranium where the frontal bone and the anterior tip of the parietal bone and the temporal bone and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone meet; corresponds to the pterion when bones have ossified
subtype: #naris__nari any of the openings to the nasal cavities that allow air to flow through the cavities to the pharynx
subtype: #nostril__anterior_naris either one of the two external openings to the nasal cavity in the nose
subtype: #posterior_naris__posteriornari either one of the two posterior openings at the back of the nasal cavity leading to the nasopharynx
subtype: #rima a narrow elongated opening or fissure between two symmetrical parts
subtype: #oral_cavity__mouth__oral_fissure__rima_oris the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge; "he stuffed his mouth with candy"
subtype: #maw__trap__hole__yap__gob informal terms for the mouth
subtype: #pudendal_cleft__urogenital_cleft__rima_pudendi__rima_vulvae__pudendal_cleavage__pudendal_slit__vulvar_slit the fissure between the labia majora
subtype: #rima_glottidis__rima_vocalis__true_glottis__glottis_vera__glottisvera the space between the two true vocal folds
subtype: #rima_vestibuli__rima_respiratoria__false_glottis__falseglotti__glottis_spuria__glottisspuria the opening between the false vocal folds
subtype: #duct__canal__channel a bodily passage or tube conveying a secretion or other substance
subtype: #pore.duct any small opening in the skin or outer surface of an animal
subtype: #ostiole a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass
subtype: #spinal_canal__vertebral_canal__vertebralcanal__canalis_vertebralis__canalisvertebrali the canal in successive vertebrae through which the spinal cord passes
subtype: #ductule__ductulus a very small duct
subtype: #sweat_duct__sweatduct a small duct that conveys sweat from a sudoriferous gland to the surface of the skin
subtype: #biliary_ductule excretory ducts of the liver; empty into the hepatic ducts
subtype: #canaliculus__canaliculu a small canal or duct as in some bones and parts of plants
subtype: #canal_of_Schlemm__Schlemm's_canal__schlemm'scanal__sinus_venosus_sclerae__sinusvenosussclerae a circular canal in the eye that drains aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into the anterior ciliary veins
subtype: #venous_sinus__sinus__sinu a wide channel containing blood; does not have the coating of an ordinary blood vessel
subtype: #cavernous_sinus__sinus_cavernosus either of a pair of large venous sinuses in the cranial cavity
subtype: #coronary_sinus__sinus_coronarius a short sinus receiving most of the veins of the heart; empties into the right atrium
subtype: #sigmoid_sinus__sigmoidsinu__sinus_sigmoideus an S-shaped dural sinus on the temporal and occipital bones
subtype: #straight_sinus__tentorial_sinus__tentorialsinu__sinus_rectus an unpaired sinus of the dura mater
subtype: #transverse_sinus__sinus_transversus__sinustransversu a paired dural sinus; terminates in the sigmoid sinus
subtype: #lacrimal_duct__lachrymal_duct__lachrymalduct__tear_duct any of several small ducts that carry tears from the lacrimal glands
subtype: #nasolacrimal_duct a duct that carries tears from the lacrimal sac to the nasal cavity
subtype: #Haversian_canal any of the many tiny canals that contain blood vessels and connective tissue and that form a network in bone
subtype: #hepatic_duct__hepaticduct the duct that drains bile from the liver
subtype: #inguinal_canal__canalis_inguinalis oblique passage through the lower abdominal wall; in males it is the passage through which the testes descend into the scrotum and it contains the spermatic cord; in females it transmits the round ligament of the uterus
subtype: #common_bile_duct__bile_duct a duct formed by the hepatic and cystic ducts; opens into the duodenum
subtype: #pancreatic_duct a duct connecting the pancreas with the intestine
subtype: #lymph_vessel__lymphvessel__lymphatic_vessel__lymphaticvessel a vascular duct that carries lymph which is eventually added to the venous blood circulation
subtype: #thoracic_duct the major duct of the lymphatic system
subtype: #lacteal any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct
subtype: #salivary_duct a duct through which saliva passes from the salivary gland into the mouth
subtype: #cerebral_aqueduct__Sylvian_aqueduct__aqueductus_cerebri a canal connecting the third and fourth ventricles
subtype: #ureter either of a pair of thick-walled tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder
subtype: #urethra duct through which urine is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct
subtype: #cervical_canal__canalis_cervicis_uteri a spindle-shaped canal extending from the uterus to the vagina
subtype: #umbilical_cord__umbilicalcord membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
subtype: #vagina the lower part of the female reproductive tract; a moist canal in female mammals extending from the labia minora to the uterus; "the vagina receives the penis during coitus"; "the vagina is elastic enough to allow the passage of a fetus"
subtype: #epididymis a convoluted tubule in each testis; carries sperm to vas deferens
subtype: #vas_deferens__ductus_deferens a duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct
subtype: #seminal_duct__seminalduct the efferent duct of the testis in man
subtype: #ejaculatory_duct__ejaculatoryduct a part of the seminal duct formed by the duct from the seminal vesicle and the vas deferens; passes through the prostate gland
subtype: #alimentary_canal__alimentary_tract__digestive_tube__digestivetube__digestivetract__gastrointestinal_tract__GI_tract tubular passage of mucous membrane and muscle extending about 8.3 meters from mouth to anus; functions in digestion and elimination
subtype: #enteron the alimentary canal (especially of an embryo or a coelenterate)
subtype: #lactiferous_duct__lactiferousduct ducts of the mammary gland that carry milk to the nipple
subtype: #sinusoid tiny endothelium-lined passages for blood in the tissue of an organ
subtype: #root_canal the passage in the root of a tooth through which its nerve and blood vessels enter the pulp cavity
subtype: #esophagus__esophagu__oesophagus__gorge__gullet the passage between the pharynx and the stomach
subtype: #epicardia the short part of the esophagus extending downward from the diaphragm to the stomach
subtype: #fauces the passage between the back of the mouth and the pharynx
subtype: #fistula__sinus__sinu an abnormal passage leading from a suppurating cavity to the body surface
subtype: #shunt a passage by which a bodily fluid (especially blood) is diverted from one channel to another; "an arteriovenus shunt"
subtype: #bypass a surgically created shunt (usually around a damaged part)
subtype: #portacaval_shunt shunt that is created surgically between the portal vein and the inferior vena cava so that blood from the abdominal organs can bypass the liver
subtype: #fundus (anatomy) the base of a hollow organ or that part farthest from its opening; "the uterine fundus"
subtype: #funiculus__funiculu any of several body structure resembling a cord
subtype: #spinal_cord__medulla_spinalis a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tube-like structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region
subtype: #umbilical_cord__umbilicalcord membranous duct connecting the fetus with the placenta
subtype: #spermatic_cord__spermaticcord a structure resembling a cord that suspends the testis within the scrotum and contains the vas deferens and other vessels and nerves
subtype: #skeletal_muscle_head__head that part of a skeletal muscle that is away from the bone that it moves
subtype: #bodily_cavity__cavity__cavum (anatomy) a natural hollow or sinus within the body
subtype: #blastocoel__blastocoele__blastocele__segmentation_cavity__cleavage_cavity the fluid-filled cavity inside a blastula
subtype: #archenteron central cavity of the gastrula; becomes the intestinal or digestive cavity
subtype: #sinus__sinu any of various air-filled cavities especially in the bones of the skull
subtype: #ethmoid_sinus__ethmoidsinu__ethmoidal_sinus__ethmoidalsinu__sinus_ethmoidales__sinusethmoidale a sinus of the meatuses of the nasal cavity (behind the bridge of the nose)
subtype: #frontal_sinus__frontalsinu one of a pair of cavities in the frontal bone
subtype: #maxillary_sinus__maxillarysinu one of a pair of sinuses forming a cavity in the maxilla
subtype: #paranasal_sinus__paranasalsinu__sinus_paranasales__sinusparanasale__nasal_sinus__nasalsinu any of the paired sinuses in the bones of the face adjacent to the nasal cavity that are lined with mucous membrane that is continuous with lining of the nasal cavities
subtype: #locule__loculus__loculu a small cavity or space within an organ or in a plant or animal
subtype: #lumen a cavity or passage in a tubular organ; "the lumen of the intestine"
subtype: #socket.bodily_cavity a bony hollow into which a structure fits
subtype: #hip_socket__hipsocket the socket part of the ball-and-socket joint between the head of the femur and the innominate bone
subtype: #tooth_socket__toothsocket__alveolus a bony socket in the alveolar ridge that holds a tooth
subtype: #acetabulum__cotyloid_cavity the cup-shaped hollow in the hipbone into which the head of the femur fits to form a ball-and-socket joint
subtype: #pulp_cavity the central cavity of a tooth containing the pulp (including the root canal)
subtype: #eye_socket__eyesocket__orbit__cranial_orbit__cranialorbit__orbital_cavity__orbitalcavity the bony cavity in the skull containing the eyeball
subtype: #buccal_cavity the cavity between the jaws and the cheeks
subtype: #antrum a natural cavity or hollow in a bone
subtype: #vestibule any of various bodily cavities leading to another cavity (as of the ear or vagina)
subtype: #vestibule_of_the_ear the central cavity of the bony labyrinth of the ear
subtype: #vestibule_of_the_vagina the space between the labia minora containing the orifice of the urethra
subtype: #mediastinum the part of the thoracic cavity between the lungs that contains the heart and aorta and esophagus and trachea and thymus
subtype: #middle_ear__tympanic_cavity__tympanum the main cavity of the ear; between the eardrum and the inner ear
subtype: #pleural_cavity__pleuralcavity the cavity in the thorax that contains the lungs
subtype: #chamber.bodily_cavity an enclosed volume (as the aqueous chamber of the eyeball or the chambers of the heart)
subtype: #heart_ventricle__heartventricle__ventricle a chamber of the heart that receives blood from an atrium and pumps it to the arteries
subtype: #left_ventricle the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
subtype: #right_ventricle the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
subtype: #atrium.chamber any chamber that is connected to other chambers or passageways (especially one of the two upper chambers of the heart)
subtype: #atrium_cordis__atrium_of_the_heart the upper chamber of each half of the heart
subtype: #right_atrium_of_the_heart__right_atrium__rightatrium__atrium_dextrum the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
subtype: #left_atrium_of_the_heart__left_atrium__atrium_sinistrum the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
subtype: #cranial_cavity__cranialcavity__intracranial_cavity__intracranialcavity the cavity enclosed by the cranium
subtype: #amniotic_cavity the fluid-filled cavity that surrounds the developing embryo
subtype: #peritoneal_cavity__greater_peritoneal_sac the interior of the peritoneum; a potential space between layers of the peritoneum
subtype: #bursa_omentalis__bursaomentali__omental_bursa__omentalbursa__lesser_peritoneal_cavity an isolated part of the peritoneal cavity that is dorsal to the stomach
subtype: #pericardial_cavity__pericardialcavity__pericardial_space__pericardialspace the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid that lubricates the membrane surfaces and allows easy heart movement
subtype: #vacuole a tiny cavity filled with fluid in the cytoplasm of a cell
subtype: #ventricle one of four connected cavities in the brain; is continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord and contains cerebrospinal fluid
subtype: #fourth_ventricle an irregular ventricle between the third ventricle and the central canal of the spinal cord
subtype: #third_ventricle a narrow ventricle in the midplane below the corpus callosum; communicates with the fourth ventricle via the Sylvian aqueduct
subtype: #lateral_ventricle__lateralventricle either of two horseshoe-shaped ventricles one in each cerebral hemisphere; they communicate with the third ventricle via the foramen of Monro
subtype: #sac a structure resembling a bag in an animal
subtype: #yolk_sac membranous structure enclosing the yolk of eggs in birds reptiles marsupials and some fishes; circulates nutrients to the developing embryo
subtype: #vitelline_sac__vitellinesac__yolk_sac__umbilical_vesicle__umbilicalvesicle__vesicula_umbilicus membranous structure that functions as the circulatory system in mammal embryos until the heart becomes functional
subtype: #amnion__amniotic_sac__amnios thin innermost membranous sac enclosing the developing embryo in higher vertebrates (Amniota: reptiles; birds; mammals)
subtype: #chorion outermost membranous sac enclosing the embryo in higher vertebrates (reptiles; birds; mammals)
subtype: #coelenteron the saclike body cavity of a coelenterate
subtype: #air_bladder__swim_bladder an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy
subtype: #air_sac any of the membranous air-filled extensions of the lungs of birds
subtype: #air_sac.sac any of the thin-walled extensions of the tracheae of insects
subtype: #saccule__sacculus a small sc or pouch (especially the smaller chamber of the membranous labyrinth)
subtype: #vesica__bladder a distensible membranous sac (usually containing liquid or gas)
subtype: #urinary_bladder__urinarybladder a membranous sac for temporary retention of urine
subtype: #acinus one of the small sacs or saclike dilations in a compound gland
subtype: #bursa a small fluid-filled sac located between movable parts of the body especially at joints
subtype: #cisterna__cistern a sac or cavity containing fluid especially lymph or cerebrospinal fluid
subtype: #pouch.sac__pocket (anatomy) saclike structure in any of various animals (as a marsupial or gopher or pelican)
subtype: #gizzard__ventriculus__ventriculu__gastric_mill__gastricmill thick-walled muscular pouch below the crop in many birds and reptiles for grinding food
subtype: #utricle__utriculus__utriculu a small pouch into which the semicircular canals open
subtype: #atrial_auricle__auricle__auriculaatrii a small conical pouch projecting from the upper anterior part of each atrium of the heart
subtype: #auricula__auricular_appendage__auricularappendage__auricular_appendix__auricularappendix a pouch projecting from the top front of each atrium of the heart
subtype: #cheek_pouch__cheekpouch a membranous pouch inside the mouth of many rodents (as a gopher)
subtype: #marsupium an external abdominal pouch in most marsupials where newborn offspring are suckled
subtype: #scrotum the external pouch that contains the testes
subtype: #vesicle__cyst a small anatomically normal sac or bladderlike structure (especially one containing fluid)
subtype: #lacrimal_sac__tear_sac__dacryocyst either of the two dilated ends of the lacrimal ducts at the nasal ends of the eyes that fill with tears secreted by the lacrimal glands
subtype: #Golgi_body__Golgi_apparatus__Golgi_complex__dictyosome a net-like structure in the cytoplasm of animal cells (especially in those cells that produce secretions)
subtype: #blister__bulla__bleb (pathology) an elevation of the skin filled with serous fluid
subtype: #water_blister__waterblister blister containing a nonpurulent clear watery content
subtype: #blood_blister__bloodblister blister containing blood or bloody serum usually caused by an injury
subtype: #follicle any small spherical group of cells containing a cavity
subtype: #hair_follicle a small tubular cavity containing the root of a hair; small muscles and sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles
subtype: #Graafian_follicle a vascular body in a mammalian ovary enclosing a developing egg
subtype: #seminal_vesicle__seminalvesicle adds nutrient fluid to semen during ejaculation
subtype: #alveolus__air_sac__air_cell__aircell a tiny sac for holding air in the lungs; formed by the terminal dilation of tiny air passageways
subtype: #pericardial_sac__pericardialsac the membrane surrounding the heart
subtype: #uterine_cavity__uterinecavity the space inside the uterus between the cervical canal and the Fallopian tubes
subtype: #nasal_cavity__nasalcavity either of the two cavities lying between the floor of the cranium and the roof of the mouth and extending from the face to the pharynx
subtype: #nasopharynx cavity forming the upper part of the pharynx
subtype: #oropharynx cavity formed by the pharynx at the back of the mouth
subtype: #laryngopharynx the lower part of the pharynx
subtype: #cecum__caecum__blind_gut the cavity in which the large intestine begins and into which the ileum opens; "the appendix is an offshoot of the cecum"
subtype: #tubular_cavity__tubularcavity a cavity having the shape of a tube
subtype: #pharynx__throat the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone
subtype: #armpit__axilla__axillary_cavity__axillary_fossa small depression under the shoulder joint where the arm joins the shoulder
subtype: #chest_cavity__chestcavity__thoraciccavity the cavity in the vertebrate body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and containing the lungs and heart
subtype: #abdominal_cavity__abdominalcavity the cavity containing the major viscera; in mammals it is separated from the thorax by the diaphragm
subtype: #renal_pelvis__pelvis a structure shaped like a funnel in the outlet of the kidney into which urine is discharged before passing into the ureter
subtype: #pelvic_cavity the space bounded by the bones of the pelvis and containing the pelvic viscera
subtype: #celom__coelom__celoma a cavity in the mesoderm of an embryo that gives rise in humans to the pleural cavity and pericardial cavity and peritoneal cavity
subtype: #fossa__pit a concavity in a surface (especially an anatomical depression)
subtype: #glenoid_cavity__glenoidcavity__glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa the concavity in the head of the scapula that receives the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint
subtype: #glenoid_fossa__glenoidfossa__mandibular_fossa a deep concavity in the temporal bone at the root of the zygomatic arch that receives the condyle of the mandible
subtype: #pit_of_the_stomach__epigastric_fossa a slight depression in the midline just below the sternum (where a blow can affect the solar plexus)
subtype: #tooth_root__toothroot__root the part of a tooth that is embedded in the jaw and serves as support
subtype: #capsule.anatomical_structure a structure that encloses a body part
subtype: #malpighian_body__malpighian_corpuscle__renal_corpuscle__renalcorpuscle the capsule that contains Bowman's capsule and a glomerulus at the expanded end of a nephron
subtype: #eyeball the ball-shaped capsule containing the vertebrate eye
subtype: #uvea the part of the eye that contains the iris and ciliary body and choroid
subtype: #membranous_labyrinth the sensory structures of the inner ear including the labyrinthine receptors and the cochlea; contained within the bony labyrinth
subtype: #bony_labyrinth__osseous_labyrinth__osseouslabyrinth cavity in the petrous part of the temporal bone that contains the membranous labyrinth
subtype: #glans__glan a small rounded gland-like structure; especially that at the end of the penis or clitoris
subtype: #glans_clitoridis small mass of erectile tissue at the end of the body of the clitoris
subtype: #glans_penis__glanspeni the conical mass of erectile tissue that forms the head of the penis
subtype: #alveolar_bed lung tissue densely packed with alveoli
subtype: #valve.anatomical_structure a structure in a hollow organ (like the heart) with a flap to insure one-way flow of fluid through it
subtype: #cardiac_valve__cardiacvalve__heart_valve a valve to control one-way flow of blood
subtype: #atrioventricular_valve either of two heart valves through which blood flows from the atria to the ventricles; prevents return of blood to the atrium
subtype: #mitral_valve__bicuspid_valve__left_atrioventricular_valve valve with two cusps; situated between the left atrium and the left ventricle
subtype: #tricuspid_valve__tricuspidvalve__right_atrioventricular_valve valve with three cusps; situated between the right atrium and the right ventricle; allows blood to pass from atrium to ventricle and closes to prevent backflow when the ventricle contracts
subtype: #semilunar_valve__semilunarvalve a heart valve with half-moon-shaped cusps; prevents blood from flowing back into the heart
subtype: #aortic_valve a semilunar valve between the left ventricle and the aorta; prevents blood from flowing from the aorta back into the heart
subtype: #pulmonary_valve__pulmonaryvalve a semilunar valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery; prevents blood from flowing from the artery back into the heart
subtype: #valvule__valvelet__valvula a small valve (or valve-like structure)
subtype: #ileocecal_valve__ileocecalvalve valve between the ileum of the small intestine and the cecum of the large intestine; prevents material from flowing back from the large to the small intestine
subtype: #vascular_structure a structure composed of or provided with blood vessels
subtype: #pulp.vascular_structure the soft inner part of a tooth
subtype: #placenta the vascular structure in the uterus of most mammals providing oxygen and nutrients for and transferring wastes from the developing fetus
subtype: #afterbirth the placenta and fetal membranes that are expelled from the uterus after the baby is born
subtype: #lacrimal_apparatus the structures that secrete and drain tears from the eye
subtype: #nucleolus_organizer__nucleolusorganizer__nucleolar_organizer__nucleolarorganizer the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after nuclear division
subtype: #centromere a specialized condensed region of a chromosomes that appears during mitosis where the chromatids are held together to form an X shape
subtype: #aster.anatomical_structure star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis
subtype: #neural_structure a structure that is part of the nervous system
subtype: #mamillary_body__mamillarybody__mammillary_body__corpus_mamillare one of two small round structures on the undersurface of the brain that form the terminals of the anterior arches of the fornix
subtype: #ganglion an encapsulated neural structure consisting of a collection of cell bodies or neurons
subtype: #autonomic_ganglion__autonomicganglion any of the ganglia of the autonomic system whose unmyelinated fibers innervate the internal organs
subtype: #otic_ganglion__otoganglion an autonomic ganglion whose postganglionic fibers are distributed to the parotid gland
subtype: #basal_ganglion__basalganglion any of several masses of subcortical gray matter in each cerebral hemisphere that seem to be involved in the regulation of voluntary movement
subtype: #amygdala__amygdaloid_nucleus__corpus_amygdaloideum an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and emotional behavior
subtype: #caudate_nucleus__caudatenucleu a tail-shaped basal ganglion located in a lateral ventricle of the brain
subtype: #claustrum a layer of gray matter in the brain adjacent to the lenticular nucleus
subtype: #lenticular_nucleus__lentiform_nucleus__lentiformnucleu a basal ganglion shaped like a lens and including the outer reddish putamen and the inner pale yellow pallidum
subtype: #pallidum__globus_pallidus__paleostriatum the inner pale yellow part of the lenticular nucleus
subtype: #putamen the outer reddish part of the lenticular nucleus
subtype: #reflex_arc the neural path of a reflex
subtype: #nerve_center__nervecenter__center__centre__nerve_centre__nervecentre a cluster of nerve cells governing a specific bodily process; "in most people the speech center is in the left hemisphere"
subtype: #auditory_center the part of the brain (in a fold of the cerebral cortex of the temporal lobe on both sides of the brain) that receives impulses from the ear by way of the auditory nerve
subtype: #rhinencephalon__olfactory_brain a center in the cerebral hemispheres that governs the sense of smell in lower animals; in humans it seems to mediate complex emotional behavior
subtype: #Broca's_area__Broca's_center__Broca's_gyrus__Broca's_convolution__convolution_of_Broca the motor speech center in the left hemisphere of the brain in most people
subtype: #Wernicke's_area__Wernicke's_center the auditory word center; located in the posterior part of the superior temporal convolution in most people
subtype: #respiratory_center__respiratorycenter the center in the medulla oblongata and pons that integrates sensory information about the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood and determines the signals to be sent to the respiratory muscles
subtype: #cerebral_hemisphere__hemisphere either half of the cerebrum
subtype: #left_hemisphere__left_brain the cerebral hemisphere to the left of the corpus callosum that controls the right half of the body
subtype: #right_hemisphere__righthemisphere__right_brain__rightbrain the cerebral hemisphere to the right of the corpus callosum that controls the left half of the body
subtype: #pyriform_area__piriform_area__pyriform_lobe__piriform_lobe pear-shaped neural structure on either side of the brain in the rhinencephalon
subtype: #olfactory_bulb__olfactorybulb one of two enlargements at the terminus of the olfactory nerve at the base of the brain just above the nasal cavities
subtype: #encephalon__brain that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord
subtype: #neencephalon__neoencephalon the part of the brain having the most recent phylogenetic origin; the cerebral cortex and related parts
subtype: #paleencephalon__paleoencephalon__palaeencephalon the more primitive parts of the brain phylogenetically; most structures other than the cerebral cortex
subtype: #cerebellum a major division of the vertebrate brain; situated above the medulla oblongata and beneath the cerebrum in humans
subtype: #paleocerebellum the anterior lobe of the cerebellum which was one of the earliest parts of the hindbrain to develop in mammals
subtype: #cerebral_cortex__cerebral_mantle__pallium the layer of unmyelinated neurons (the gray matter) forming the cortex of the cerebrum
subtype: #neopallium__neocortex the cortical part of the neencephalon
subtype: #archipallium__paleocortex the olfactory cortex of the cerebrum
subtype: #geniculate_body one of four small oval masses that protrude slightly from the underside of the thalamus and function as synaptic centers on the way to the cerebral cortex
subtype: #lateral_geniculate_body__corpus_geniculatum_laterale a neural structure that serves as a processing station on the way from the retina to the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex
subtype: #medial_geniculate_body__corpus_geniculatum_mediale a neural structure that serves as the last of a series of processing centers along the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex
subtype: #cerebrum anterior portion of the brain consisting of two hemispheres; dominant part of the brain in humans
subtype: #medulla_oblongata__medullaoblongata__medulla lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; (`bulb' is an old term for medulla oblongata); "the medulla oblongata is the most vital part of the brain because it contains centers controlling breathing and heart functioning"
subtype: #forebrain__prosencephalon the anterior portion of the brain; the part of the brain that develops from the anterior part of the neural tube
subtype: #hippocampus__hippocampu a complex neural structure (shaped like a sea horse) consisting of gray matter and located on the floor of each lateral ventricle; intimately involved in motivation and emotion as part of the limbic system; has a central role in the formation of memories
subtype: #cingulate_gyrus__cingulategyru__gyrus_cinguli__gyruscinguli a long curved structure on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres; the cortical part of the limbic system
subtype: #telencephalon the anterior division of the forebrain; the cerebrum and related parts of the hypothalamus
subtype: #diencephalon__interbrain__betweenbrain__thalmencephalon the posterior division of the forebrain; connects the cerebral hemispheres with the mesencephalon
subtype: #limbic_system__visceral_brain__limbic_brain a system of functionally related neural structures in the brain that are involved in emotional behavior
subtype: #thalamus large egg-shaped structures of gray matter that form the dorsal subdivision of the diencephalon
subtype: #hypothalamus a basal part of the diencephalon governing autonomic nervous system
subtype: #midbrain__mesencephalon the middle portion of the brain
subtype: #hindbrain__rhombencephalon the posterior portion of the brain including cerebellum and pons and medulla oblongata
subtype: #metencephalon the part of the hindbrain that develops into the pons and the cerebellum
subtype: #myelencephalon the posterior part of the hindbrain in developing vertebrates; forms the medulla oblongata in adults
subtype: #pons_Varolii__pons a band of nerve fibers linking the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum with the midbrain
subtype: #brainstem__brain_stem__brainstem the part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata and pons and midbrain and parts of the hypothalamus
subtype: #nucleus.neural_structure__nucleu any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord
subtype: #spinal_cord__medulla_spinalis a major part of the central nervous system which conducts sensory and motor nerve impulses to and from the brain; a long tube-like structure extending from the base of the brain through the vertebral canal to the upper lumbar region
subtype: #autonomic_nervous_system__autonomicnervoussystem__ANS the part of the nervous system of vertebrates that controls involuntary actions of the smooth muscles and heart and glands
subtype: #plica a folded part (as a fold of skin or muscle)
subtype: #epicanthus__epicanthic_fold a vertical fold of skin over the nasal canthus; normal for Mongolian peoples; sometimes occurs in Down's syndrome
subtype: #vocal_cord__vocalcord__vocal_fold__vocalfold__vocal_band__vocalband__plica_vocalis__plicavocali either of two pairs of folds of mucous membrane projecting into the larynx
subtype: #false_vocal_cord__falsevocalcord__false_vocal_fold__falsevocalfold__superior_vocal_cord__ventricular_fold__ventricularfold__vestibular_fold either of the upper two vocal cords that are not involved in vocalization
subtype: #true_vocal_cord__true_vocal_fold__inferior_vocal_cord__inferior_vocal_fold either of the two lower vocal folds that come together to form the glottis; produce a vocal tone when they are approximated and air from the lungs passes between them
subtype: #ruga (anatomy) a fold or wrinkle or crease; "rugae of the stomach"
subtype: #tentorium (anatomy) a fold of dura mater that covers the cerebellum and supports the occipital lobes of the cerebrum
subtype: #gyrus__gyru__convolution a convex fold or elevation in the surface of the brain
subtype: #central_gyrus__centralgyru either of two gyri on either side of the central sulcus
subtype: #precentral_gyrus the convolution of the frontal lobe that is bounded in back by the central gyrus
subtype: #postcentral_gyrus__postcentralgyru the convolution of parietal lobe that is bounded in front by the central gyrus
subtype: #cartilaginous_structure__cartilaginousstructure body structure given shape by cartilage
subtype: #epiglottis a flap of cartilage that covers the windpipe while swallowing
subtype: #auricle__ear the externally visible cartilaginous structure of the external ear
subtype: #cauliflower_ear an auricle deformed by injury; common among boxers
subtype: #tragus a small cartilaginous flap in front of the external opening of the ear
subtype: #larynx__voice_box__voicebox a cartilaginous structure at the top of the trachea; contains elastic vocal cords that are the source of the vocal tone in speech
subtype: #costal_cartilage the cartilages that connect the sternum and the ends of the ribs; its elasticity allows the chest to move in respiration
subtype: #ball.anatomical_structure a more or less rounded anatomical body or mass; ball of the human foot or ball at the base of the thumb; "he stood on the balls of his feet"
subtype: #plate.anatomical_structure any flat platelike body structure or part
subtype: #operculum a hard flap serving as a cover for (a) the gill slits in fishes or (b) the opening of the shell in certain gastropods when the body is retracted
subtype: #comb.plate ciliated comb-like swimming plate of a ctenophore
subtype: #lamina a thin plate or layer (especially of bone or mineral)
subtype: #lamina_arcus_vertebrae lamina of the vertebral arch; the flattened posterior part of the vertebral arch from which the spinous process extends
subtype: #horny_structure__hornystructure__unguis any rigid body structure composed primarily of keratin
subtype: #hoof.horny_structure the horny covering of the end of the foot in hoofed mammals
subtype: #claw sharp curved horny process on the toe of a bird or some mammals or reptiles
subtype: #bear_claw claw of a bear; often used in jewelry
subtype: #talon a sharp hooked claw especially on a bird of prey
subtype: #nail.horny_structure horny plate covering and protecting part of the dorsal surface of the digits
subtype: #fingernail the nail at the end of a finger
subtype: #thumbnail the nail of the thumb
subtype: #toenail the nail at the end of a toe
subtype: #ingrown_toenail__ingrowntoenail__onyxis toenail having its free tip or edges embedded in the surrounding flesh
subtype: #skeletal_structure any structure created by the skeleton of an organism
subtype: #jaw the part of the skull of a vertebrate that frames the mouth and holds the teeth
subtype: #rib_cage__ribcage the bony enclosing wall of the chest
subtype: #arch.skeletal_structure a curved bony structure supporting or enclosing organs (especially arches of the feet)
subtype: #metatarsal_arch the short lateral arch formed by the heads of the metatarsals
subtype: #instep.arch the arch of the foot
subtype: #sunken_arch__fallen_arch an instep flattened so the entire sole rests on the ground
subtype: #shoulder_girdle__pectoral_arch the bony arch formed by the collarbones and shoulder blades in humans
subtype: #hemal_arch__hemalarch__haemal_arch a structure arising ventrally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the caudal blood vessels
subtype: #neural_arch__vertebral_arch__vertebralarch a structure arising dorsally from a vertebral centrum and enclosing the spinal cord
subtype: #heel.skeletal_structure the back part of the human foot
subtype: #girdle an encircling or ringlike structure
subtype: #pectoral_girdle a skeletal support to which the forelimbs of vertebrates are attached
subtype: #pelvis__pelvic_girdle__pelvic_arch__hip the structure of the vertebrate skeleton supporting the lower limbs in humans and the hind limbs or corresponding parts in other vertebrates
subtype: #appendicular_skeleton the part of the skeleton that includes the pectoral girdle and the pelvic girdle and the upper and lower limbs
subtype: #axial_skeleton__axialskeleton the part of the skeleton that includes the skull and spinal column and sternum and ribs
subtype: #spinal_column__vertebral_column__vertebralcolumn__spine__backbone__back__rachis the series of vertebrae forming the axis of the skeleton and protecting the spinal cord; "the fall broke his back"
subtype: #notochord a flexible rodlike structure that forms the supporting axis of the body in the lowest chordates and lowest vertebrates and in embryos of higher vertebrates
subtype: #urochord a notochord of a larval tunicate typically confined to the caudal region
subtype: #chine backbone of an animal
subtype: #metacarpus the part of the hand between the carpus and phalanges
subtype: #metatarsus the skeleton of the human foot between the toes and the tarsus; the corresponding part of the foot in birds or of the hind foot in quadrupeds
subtype: #tarsus the part of the foot of a vertebrate between the metatarsus and the leg; in human beings the bones of the ankle and heel collectively
subtype: #costa a riblike part of a plant or animal (such as a middle rib of a leaf or a thickened vein of an insect wing)
subtype: #head_of_bone__head the rounded end of a bone that bits into a rounded cavity in another bone to form a joint; "the head of the humerus"
subtype: #bridge.anatomical_structure the hard ridge that forms the upper part of the nose; "her glasses left marks on the bridge of her nose"
subtype: #rotator_cuff__rotatorcuff a supporting structure of the shoulder consisting of the muscles and tendons that attach the arm to the shoulder joint and enable the arm to move
subtype: #cornu (anatomy) any structure that resembles a horn in shape
subtype: #corona.anatomical_structure (anatomy) any structure that resembles a crown in shape
subtype: #receptor a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
subtype: #alpha_receptor__alphareceptor__alpha-adrenergic_receptor__alpha-adrenoceptor__alphaadrenoceptor receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasoconstriction and relaxation of intestinal muscles and contraction of smooth muscles)
subtype: #beta_receptor__beta-adrenergic_receptor__beta-adrenoceptor receptors postulated to exist on nerve cell membranes of the sympathetic nervous system in order to explain the specificity of certain agents that affect only some sympathetic activities (such as vasodilation and increased heart beat)
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