Individual #Balkan_Peninsula__Balkans  a large peninsula in southeastern Europe containing the Balkan Mountain Range
  instance of:  peninsula
  member:  Balkan
  part of:  Europe
  part:  Balkan_Wars  wars between Turkey and Balkan countries (Greece and Serbia and Bulgaria) and later between Turkey and Montenegro; 1912-1914
     part:  battle_of_Lule_Burgas__Lule_Burgas  the principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks
  part:  Balkan_country__Balkan_nation__Balkans__Balkan_state  a country on the Balkan Peninsula
  part:  Albania__Republic_of_Albania  a republic in southeastern Europe on the Adriatic coast of the Balkan Peninsula
     part:  Tirana__Albanian_capital  the capital and largest city of Albania in the center of the country
     part:  Durres__Durazzo  port city in western Albania on the Adriatic
     part:  Epirus  an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwest Greece and southern Albania
  part:  Croatia__Republic_of_Croatia__Hrvatska  a republic in the western Balkans in south-central Europe in the eastern Adriatic coastal area; formerly part of the Hapsburg monarchy and Yugoslavia; became independent in 1991
     part:  Dubrovnik__Ragusa  a port city in southwestern Croatia on the Adriatic; a popular tourist center
     part:  Split  an old Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea
     part:  Zagreb  the capital of Croatia
  part:  Macedon__Macedonia__Makedonija  the ancient kingdom of Philip II and Alexander the Great in the southeastern Balkans that is now divided among modern Macedonia and Greece and Bulgaria
     part:  battle_of_Pydna__Pydna  a major victory by the Romans over the Macedonians in 168 BC; resulted in the downfall of the ancient Macedonian kingdom
  part:  Thrace  a region and ancient country in the east of the Balkan Peninsula north of the Aegean Sea; colonized by ancient Greeks; later a Roman province; now divided between Greece and Turkey
     part:  battle_of_Lule_Burgas__Lule_Burgas  the principal battle of the Balkan Wars (1912); Bulgarian forces defeated the Turks
  part:  Macedonia  landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991
     part:  battle_of_Philippi__Philippi  Octavian and Mark Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius in 42 BC
     part:  Skopje__Skoplje__Uskub  capital of modern Macedonia
  part:  Turkey__Republic_of_Turkey  a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923
     part:  Dardanelles_campaign__Dardanelles  the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia; defeated by the Turks
     part:  Edirne__Adrianople__Adrianopolis  a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman emperor Hadrian
     part:  Abydos  an ancient Greek colony on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles; scene of the legend of Hero and Leander
     part:  Adana__Seyhan  a city in southern Turkey on the Seyhan River
     part:  Ankara__Turkish_capital__capital_of_Turkey  the capital of Turkey; located in west-central Turkey; formerly known as Angora and is the home of Angora goats
     part:  Antalya__Adalia  a port city in southwestern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya
     part:  Antioch__Antakya__Antakiya  a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity
     part:  Dardanelles__Hellespont  the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European from Asian Turkey
     part:  Istanbul__Stambul__Stamboul__Constantinople  the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church
        part:  Bosporus_Bridge  a suspension bridge across the Bosporus at Istanbul
     part:  Bursa__Brusa  a city in northwestern Turkey
     part:  Izmir__Smyrna  a port city in western Turkey
     part:  Aegospotamos__Aegospotami  a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War
     part:  Mount_Ararat__Ararat__Mt._Ararat  the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded
     part:  Aras__Araxes  a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
     part:  Bosporus  a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route
     part:  Euphrates_River__Euphrates  a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
     part:  Seyhan_River__Seyhan  a Turkish river flowing south southwest into the Mediterranean
     part:  Tigris_River__Tigris  an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
  part:  Balkans__Balkan_Mountains__Balkan_Mountain_Range  the major mountain range of Bulgaria and the Balkan Peninsula

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