sumo#abstract__entity_without_spatial_feature e.g., knowledge, motivation, measure; properties or qualities as distinguished from any particular embodiment of the properties/qualities in a physical medium; instances of sumo#abstract can be said to exist in the same sense as mathematical objects such as sets and relations, but they cannot exist at a particular place or time without some physical encoding or embodiment
closed_exclusion: physical object
supertype: non_spatial_object__nonspatialobject (pm) abstraction or description content/medium/container (a description medium that has some spatial feature is both instance of sumo#object and pm#non_spatial_object
subtype: psychological_entity__psychologicalentity feature/product of mental activity, e.g., feeling
subtype: mental_object__MOB e.g., a percept, a sense datum
subtype: sense_experience__senseexperience__sensation__sense_impression__senseimpression__sense_datum__sensedatum an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation; "a sensation of touch"
subtype: limen__threshold the smallest detectable sensation
subtype: absolute_threshold the lowest level of stimulation that a person can detect
subtype: pain_threshold the lowest intensity of stimulation at which pain is experienced; "some people have much higher pain thresholds than do other people"
subtype: difference_threshold__differential_threshold__difference_limen__differential_limen the smallest change in stimulation that a person can detect
subtype: just-noticeable_difference__jnd (psychophysics) the difference between two stimuli that (under properly controlled experimental conditions) is detected as often as it is undetected
subtype: masking the blocking of one sensation resulting from the presence of another sensation; "he studied auditory masking by pure tones"
subtype: visual_sensation__vision the perceptual experience of seeing; "the runners emerged from the trees into his clear vision"; "he had a visual sensation of intense light"
subtype: odor__smell__odour__olfactory_sensation__olfactorysensation__olfactory_perception__olfactoryperception the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form; "she loved the smell of roses"
subtype: scent an odor left in passing by which a person or animal can be traced
subtype: musk the scent of musk
subtype: aroma__fragrance__perfume a distinctive odor that is pleasant
subtype: incense.aroma the pleasing scent produced when incense is burned; "incense filled the room"
subtype: malodor__malodour__stench__stink__reek__fetor__foetor a distinctive odor that is offensively unpleasant
subtype: niff (British slang) an unpleasant smell
subtype: acridity__pungency having an acrid smell
subtype: taste_perception__tasteperception__taste__taste_sensation__tastesensation__gustatory_sensation__gustatorysensation__gustatory_perception__gustatoryperception the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus; "the candy left him with a bad taste"; "the melon had a delicious taste"
subtype: sapidity__relish__flavor__flavour__savor__savour__smack__tang the taste experience when a savoury condiment is taken into the mouth
subtype: lemon.sapidity a distinctive tart flavor characteristic of lemons
subtype: vanilla a distinctive fragrant flavor characteristic of vanilla beans
subtype: sweet__sweetness__sweetnes__sugarines the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth
subtype: tartness__sour__sourness the taste experience when vinegar or lemon juice is taken into the mouth
subtype: acidulousness__acidulousnes the taste experience when something acidic is taken into the mouth
subtype: bitter.taste_perception__bitterness the taste experience when quinine or coffee is taken into the mouth
subtype: pungency__sharpness__sharpnes having a sharp bitter flavor
subtype: salinity__salt__saltiness the taste experience when salt is taken into the mouth
subtype: astringency__astringence a sharp astringent taste; the taste experience when a substance causes the mouth to pucker
subtype: finish.taste_perception (wine tasting) the taste of a wine on the back of the tongue (as it is swallowed); "the wine has a nutty flavor and a pleasant finish"
subtype: auditory_sensation__sound the subjective sensation of hearing something; "he strained to hear the faint sounds"
subtype: euphony__music any agreeable (pleasing and harmonious) sounds; "he fell asleep to the music of the wind chimes"
subtype: music_of_the_spheres an inaudible music that Pythagoras thought was produced by the celestial
subtype: music.auditory_sensation the sounds produced by singers or musical instruments (or reproductions of such sounds)
subtype: piano_music__pianomusic the sound of music produced by a piano; "he thought he heard piano music next door"
subtype: pure_tone__tone a steady sound without overtones; "they tested his hearing with pure tones of different frequencies"
subtype: harmonic a tone that is a component of a complex sound
subtype: fundamental_frequency__fundamentalfrequency__fundamental__first_harmonic__firstharmonic the lowest tone of a harmonic series
subtype: overtone.harmonic a harmonic with a frequency that is a multiple of the fundamental frequency
subtype: noise.auditory_sensation__dissonance__racket the auditory experience of sound that lacks musical quality; sound that is a disagreeable auditory experience; "modern music is just noise to me"
subtype: white_noise__whitenoise a `sh' noise produced by a stimulus containing all audible frequencies of vibration
subtype: synesthesia__synaesthesia a sensation that normally occurs in one sense modality occurs when another modality is stimulated
subtype: chromesthesia__chromaesthesia a form of synesthesia in which nonvisual stimulation results in the experience of color sensations
subtype: colored_hearing__coloredhearing__colored_audition__coloredaudition a form of chromesthesia in which experiences of color accompany auditory stimuli
subtype: psychological_feature__psychologicalfeature a feature of the mental life of a living organism
subtype: cognition__knowledge__noesis the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning
subtype: mind__head__brain__psyche__nous that which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings; the seat of the faculty of reason; "his mind wandered"; "I couldn't get his words out of my head"
subtype: noddle (British) "use your noddle"
subtype: tabula_rasa a young mind not yet affected by experience (according to John Locke)
subtype: ego (psychoanalysis) the conscious mind
subtype: unconscious_mind__unconsciousmind__unconsciou that part of the mind wherein psychic activity takes place of which the person is unaware
subtype: subconscious_mind__subconscious psychic activity just below the level of awareness
subtype: place.cognition an abstract mental location; "he has a special place in my thoughts"; "a place in my heart"; "a political system with no place for the less prominent groups"
subtype: public_knowledge__general_knowledge__generalknowledge knowledge that is available to anyone
subtype: common_knowledge something generally known to everyone
subtype: ancient_history__ancienthistory knowledge of some recent fact or event that has become so commonly known that it has lost its original pertinence
subtype: light.public_knowledge public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
subtype: open.public_knowledge__surface information that has become public; "all the reports were out in the open"; "the facts had been brought to the surface"
subtype: ability.cognition possession of the qualities (especially mental qualities) required to do something or get something done; "danger heightened his powers of discrimination"
subtype: know-how the (technical) knowledge and skill required to do something
subtype: bag_of_tricks a supply of ways of accomplishing something; "every good mechanic has a large bag of tricks"
subtype: sapience__wisdom ability to apply knowledge or experience or understanding or common sense and insight
subtype: astuteness__profundity__profoundness__depth the intellectual ability to penetrate deeply into ideas
subtype: sagacity__sagaciousness__sagaciousnes__judgement__discernment ability to make good judgments
subtype: eye.sagacity good discernment (either with the eyes or as if with the eyes); "she has an eye for fresh talent"; "he has an artist's eye"
subtype: common_sense__good_sense__gumption__horse_sense__horsesense__sense__mother_wit sound practical judgment; "I can't see the sense in doing it now"; "he hasn't got the sense God gave little green apples"; "fortunately shw had the sense to run away"
subtype: logic reasoned and reasonable judgment; "it made a certain kind of logic"
subtype: nous (British) common sense; "she has great social nous"
subtype: road_sense good judgment in avoiding trouble or accidents on the road
subtype: judiciousness__judiciousnes good judgment
subtype: forethought__caution__precaution__care judiciousness in avoiding harm or danger; "he exercised caution in opening the door"; "he handled the vase with care"
subtype: discreetness__discretion__circumspection__prudence knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress; "the servants showed great tact and discretion"
subtype: confidentiality.discreetness discretion in keeping secret information
subtype: injudiciousness__indiscreetness lacking good judgment
subtype: method a way of doing something, esp. a systematic one; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)
subtype: teaching_method__teachingmethod a method of instruction
subtype: Socratic_method__maieutic_method a method of teaching by question and answer; used by Socrates to elicit truths from his students
subtype: method_of_choice the best method to achieve a desired result
subtype: methodology the system of methods followed in a particular discipline
subtype: scientific_method a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses
subtype: experimental_method the use of controlled observations and measurements to test hypotheses
subtype: mnemonics__mnemonic a method or system for improving the memory
subtype: solution.method a method for solving a problem; "the easy solution is to look it up in the handbook"
subtype: technique a practical method or art applied to some particular task
subtype: Benday_process a photoengraving technique for adding shading or texture or tone to a printed image
subtype: bonding.technique (dentistry) a technique for repairing a tooth; resinous material is applied to the surface of the tooth where it adheres to the tooth's enamel
subtype: emulation.technique (computer science) technique of one machine obtaining the same results as another
subtype: terminal_emulation (computer science) having a computer act exactly like a terminal
subtype: immunofluorescence (immunology) a technique that uses antibodies linked to a fluorescent dye in order to study antigens in a sample of tissue
subtype: computer_simulation__simulation (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
subtype: technicolor a trademarked method of making color motion pictures
subtype: statistical_method__statisticalmethod a method of analyzing or representing statistical data
subtype: method_of_least_squares__least_squares__leastsquare a method of fitting a curve to data points so as to minimize the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve
subtype: regression_toward_the_mean__regression__simple_regression the relation between selected values of x and observed values of y (from which the most probable value of y can be predicted for any value of x)
subtype: linear_regression__rectilinear_regression__rectilinearregression the relation between variables when the regression equation is linear: e.g., y = ax + b
subtype: curvilinear_regression__curvilinearregression the relation between variables when the regression equation is nonlinear (quadratic or higher order)
subtype: multiple_regression a statistical technique that predicts values of one variable on the basis of two or more other variables
subtype: regression_analysis the use of regression to make quantitative predictions of one variable from the values of another
subtype: correlational_analysis the use of statistical correlation to evaluate the strength of the relations between variables
subtype: analysis_of_variance__ANOVA a statistical method for making simultaneous comparisons between two or more means; a statistical method that yields values that can be tested to determine whether a significant relation exists between variables
subtype: leadership.ability the ability to lead: "he believed that leadership can be taught"
subtype: generalship.leadership the leadership ability of a military general
subtype: intelligence the ability to comprehend; to understand and profit from experience
subtype: intellect__mind knowledge and intellectual ability; "he reads to improve his mind"; "he has a keen intellect"
subtype: breadth__comprehensiveness__comprehensivenes an ability to understand a broad range of topics; "a teacher must have a breadth of knowledge of the subject"
subtype: nonverbal_intelligence__nonverbalintelligence intelligence that is manifested in the performance of tasks requiring little or no use of language
subtype: verbal_intelligence intelligence in the use and comprehension of language
subtype: brainpower__brain__learning_ability__mental_capacity__mentality__wit mental ability; "he's got plenty of brains but no common sense"
subtype: mental_quickness__quickness__quicknes__quickwittednes intelligence as revealed by an ability to give correct responses without delay
subtype: brilliance__genius unusual mental ability
subtype: pyrotechnics brilliance of display (as in the performance of music)
subtype: precociousness__precocity intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules
subtype: acuity__acuteness__acutenes__sharpnes__keennes a quick and penetrating intelligence; "he argued with great acuteness"; "I admired the keenness of his mind"
subtype: steel_trap__steeltrap an acute intelligence (an analogy based on the well known sharpness of steel traps); "he's as sharp as a steel trap"; "a mind like a steel trap"
subtype: cleverness__brightness__smartness__smartnes intelligence as manifested in being quick and witty
subtype: shrewdness__astuteness__perspicacity__perspicaciousness__perspicaciousnes intelligence manifested by being astute (as in business dealings)
subtype: craftiness__craft__cunning__foxines__slyness__wiliness shrewdness as demonstrated by being skilled in deception
subtype: cunning shrewdness in deception; "as cunning as a fox"
subtype: insightfulness__acumen shrewdness shown by keen insight
subtype: knowingness shrewdness demonstrated by knowledge
subtype: street_smarts a shrewd ability to survive in a dangerous urban environment
subtype: aptitude inherent ability
subtype: instinct__inherent_aptitude inborn pattern of behavior often responsive to specific stimuli: "the spawning instinct in salmon"; "altruistic instincts in social animals"
subtype: id (psychoanalysis) primitive instincts and energies underlying all psychic activity
subtype: potentiality__capability__capableness__capablenes an aptitude that may be developed
subtype: perfectibility__perfectability the capability of becoming perfect; "he believes in the ultimate perfectability of man"
subtype: grasp__compass__compas__reach the limit of capability; "within the compass of education"
subtype: ken__sight the range of vision; "out of sight of land"
subtype: natural_ability__naturalability ability that is inherited
subtype: natural_endowment__naturalendowment__endowment__gift__talent natural qualities or talents
subtype: knack__bent__hang a special way of doing something; "he had a bent for it"; "he had a special knack for getting into trouble"; "he couldn't get the hang of it"
subtype: genius__flair a natural talent; "he has a flair for mathematics"; "he has a genius for interior decorating"
subtype: raw_talent__rawtalent powerfully impressive talent
subtype: mental_ability__capacity the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior
subtype: prescience__prevision the power to foresee the future
subtype: creativity__creativeness the ability to create
subtype: fecundity__fruitfulness the intellectual fruitfulness of a creative imagination
subtype: flight.creativity passing above and beyond ordinary bounds; "a flight of fancy"; "flights of rhetoric"; "flights of imagination"
subtype: wizardry__genius exceptional creative ability
subtype: imaginativeness__imaginativenes__vision the power of imagination; "popular imagination created a world of demons"
subtype: fancy fancy was held by Coleridge to be more casual and superficial than imagination
subtype: fantasy imagination unrestricted by reality; "a schoolgirl fantasy"
subtype: pipe_dream__dream a fantastic but vain hope (from fantasies induced by the opium pipe); "I have this pipe dream about being emperor of the universe"
subtype: fantasy_life__fantasylife__phantasy_life an imaginary life lived in a fantasy world
subtype: fantasy_world__fantasyworld__phantasy_world__fairyland a place existing solely in the imagination (but often mistaken for reality)
subtype: dreaming__dream imaginative thoughts indulged in while awake; "he lives in a dream that has nothing to do with reality"
subtype: daydream__reverie__revery__daydreaming__oneirism__air_castle__aircastle__castle_in_the_air__castle_in_Spain absent-minded dreaming while awake
subtype: woolgathering an idle indulgence in fantasy
subtype: innovation__invention__excogitation__conception__design the creation of something in the mind
subtype: contrivance the faculty of contriving; inventive skill; "his skillful contrivance of answers to every problem"
subtype: inventiveness__inventivenes__ingeniousnes__cleverness the power of creative imagination
subtype: imagination__resourcefulness__resourcefulnes the ability to deal resourcefully with unusual problems; "a man of resource"
subtype: armoury__armory__inventory a collection of resources; "he dipped into his intellectual armory to find an answer"
subtype: originality the ability to think and act independently
subtype: innovativeness originality by virtue of introducing new ideas
subtype: unconventionality.originality originality by virtue of being unconventional
subtype: novelty__freshness__freshnes originality by virtue of being new and surprising
subtype: skill__science ability to produce solutions in some problem domain; "the skill of a well-trained boxer"; "the sweet science of pugilism"
subtype: nose.skill a natural skill; "he has a nose for good deals"
subtype: virtuosity technical skill or fluency or style exhibited by a virtuoso
subtype: accomplishment__skill__acquirement__acquisition__attainment an ability that has been acquired by training
subtype: airmanship the art of flying airplane
subtype: craftsmanship__craft__workmanship skill in an occupation or trade
subtype: housecraft skill in domestic management
subtype: priestcraft the skills involved in the work of a priest
subtype: stagecraft skill in writing or staging plays
subtype: coup_de_theatre.stagecraft__coupdetheatre a sensational bit of stagecraft
subtype: tradecraft skill acquired through experience in a trade; "instructional designers are trained in something that might be called tradecraft"; often used to discuss skill in espionage; "the CIA chief of station accepted responsibility for his agents' failures of tradecraft"
subtype: watercraft skill in the management of boats
subtype: woodcraft skill in carving or fashioning objects from wood
subtype: horsemanship skill in handling and riding horses
subtype: marksmanship skill in shooting
subtype: literacy the ability to read and write
subtype: numeracy skill with numbers and mathematics
subtype: oarsmanship skill as an oarsman
subtype: salesmanship skill in selling; skill in persuading people to buy; "he read a book on salesmanship but it didn't help"
subtype: seamanship skill in sailing
subtype: boatmanship skill in handling boats
subtype: showmanship the ability to present something (especially theatrical shows) in an attractive manner
subtype: soldiering__soldiership skills that are required for the life of soldier
subtype: swordsmanship skill in fencing
subtype: hand.ability ability; "he wanted to try his hand at singing"
subtype: superior_skill more than ordinary ability
subtype: art__artistry__prowess__prowes a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation; "the art of conversation"; "it's quite an art"
subtype: falconry the art of training falcons to hunt and return
subtype: homiletics the art of preaching
subtype: horology the art of designing and making clocks
subtype: minstrelsy the art of a minstrel
subtype: musicianship artistry in performing music
subtype: enology__oenology the art of wine making
subtype: puppetry.art the art of making puppets and presenting puppet shows
subtype: taxidermy the art of mounting the skins of animals so that they have lifelike appearance
subtype: ventriloquism__ventriloquy the art of projecting your voice so that it seems to come from another source (as from a ventriloquist's dummy)
subtype: mental_faculty__faculty__module one of the inherent cognitive or perceptual powers of the mind
subtype: attention.mental_faculty the faculty or power of mental concentration; "keeping track of all the details requires your complete attention"
subtype: engrossment__absorption complete attention; intense mental effort
subtype: focussing__focu__focusing__centering the concentration of attention or energy on something; "the focus of activity shifted to molecular biology"
subtype: particularism a focus on something particular
subtype: specialism the concentration of your efforts on a particular field of study or occupation
subtype: study.engrossment a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
subtype: mental_note speical attention with intent to remember; "he made a mental note to send her flowers"
subtype: watchfulness__vigilance__alertness__alertnes the process of paying close and continuous attention
subtype: jealousy zealous vigilance: "cherish their official political freedom with fierce jealousy"-Paul Blanshard
subtype: faculty_of_language__language__speech the mental faculty or power of vocal communication; "language sets homo sapiens apart from all other animals"
subtype: retention__memory__retentiveness__retentivenes the power of retaining and recalling past experience; "he had a good memory when he was younger"
subtype: remembrance__anamnesis__anamnesi the ability to recall past occurrences
subtype: reason.mental_faculty__understanding__intellect the capacity for rational thought or inference or discrimination; "we are told that man is endowed with reason and capable of distinguishing good from evil"
subtype: sentiency__sense__sensation__sentience__sensory_faculty__sensoryfaculty the faculty through which the external world is apprehended
subtype: sense_modality__sensemodality__modality__sensory_system__sensorysystem a particular sense
subtype: visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality the ability to see; the faculty of vision
subtype: achromatic_vision vision using the rods
subtype: visual_acuity__acuity__sharp-sightedness__sharpsightednes sharpness of vision; the visual ability to resolve fine detail (usually measured by a Snellen chart)
subtype: oxyopia unusually acute vision
subtype: binocular_vision__binocularvision vision involving the use of both eyes
subtype: stereoscopic_vision__stereoscopy three-dimensional vision produced by the fusion of two slightly different views of a scene on each retina
subtype: central_vision__centralvision vision using the fovea and parafovea
subtype: color_vision__colorvision__chromatic_vision__chromaticvision__trichromacy the normal ability to see colors
subtype: distance_vision vision for objects that a 20 feet or more from the viewer
subtype: eyesight__seeing__sightedness__sightednes use of the faculty of vision
subtype: monocular_vision__monocularvision vision with only one eye
subtype: near_vision vision for objects 2 feet or closer to the viewer
subtype: night_vision__nightvision__nightsight__scotopic_vision__twilight_vision the ability to see in reduced illumination (as in moonlight)
subtype: daylight_vision__photopic_vision normal vision in daylight; vision with sufficient illumination that the cones are active and hue is perceived
subtype: foveal_vision vision with the fovea
subtype: peripheral_vision vision using only the periphery of the retina
subtype: somatosense any of the sensory systems that mediate sensations of pressure and tickle and warmth and cold and vibration and limb position and limb movement and pain
subtype: sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
subtype: kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
subtype: sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
subtype: ear.sense_of_hearing good hearing; "he had a keen ear"; "a good ear for pitch"
subtype: absolute_pitch__perfect_pitch__perfectpitch the ability to identify the pitch of a tone
subtype: sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
subtype: sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality the faculty of smell
subtype: nose.sense_of_smell the sense of smell (especially in animals); "the hound has a good nose"
subtype: sensitivity.sentiency__sensitiveness__sensitivenes (physiology) responsiveness to external stimuli: "sensitivity to pain"
subtype: hypersensitivity extreme sensitivity
subtype: responsiveness.sensitivity__reactivity responsive to stimulation
subtype: excitability__irritability excessive sensitivity of an organ or body part
subtype: exteroception sensitivity to stimuli originating outside of the body
subtype: visual_sense__sight__vision__visual_modality the ability to see; the faculty of vision
subtype: sense_of_touch__touch__skin_senses__touch_modality__touchmodality__cutaneous_senses the faculty of touch; "only sight and touch enable us to locate objects in the space around us"
subtype: sense_of_hearing__hearing__audition__auditory_sense__auditory_modality the ability to hear; the auditory faculty; "his hearing was impaired"
subtype: sense_of_taste__taste__gustation__gustatory_modality__gustatorymodality the faculty of taste; "his cold deprived him of his sense of taste"
subtype: sense_of_smell__smell__olfaction__olfactory_modality__olfactorymodality the faculty of smell
subtype: interoception sensitivity to stimuli originating inside of the body
subtype: proprioception the ability to sense the position and location and orientation and movement of the body and its parts
subtype: kinesthesis__kinesthesi__kinaesthesis__kinesthesia__kinesthetics__muscle_sense__sense_of_movement the ability to feel movements of the limbs and body
subtype: kinanesthesia inability to sense movement
subtype: sense_of_equilibrium__equilibrium__labyrinthine_sense__vestibular_sense__sense_of_balance a sensory system located in structures of the inner ear that registers the orientation of the head
subtype: somesthesis__somesthesi__somesthesia__somaesthesis__somatesthesia__somatatesthesis__somatatesthesi__somatosensory_system__somatosensorysystem__somatic_sensory_system__somaticsensorysystem__somatic_sense__somaticsense the faculty of bodily perception; sensory systems associated with the body; includes skin senses and proprioception and the internal organs
subtype: tactual_sensation__tactualsensation__tactility__touchperception__skinperceptivenes the faculty of perceiving (via the skin) pressure or heat or pain
subtype: kinesthesia__feeling_of_movement the perception of body position and movement and muscular tensions etc
subtype: photosensitivity__radiosensitivity sensitivity to the action of radiant energy
subtype: volition__will the capability of conscious choice and decision and intention: "the exercise of their volition we construe as revolt"- George Meredith
subtype: velleity volition in its weakest form
subtype: inability lack of ability (especially mental ability) to do something
subtype: mental_block__block an inability to remember or think of something you normally can do; often caused by emotional tension; "I knew his name perfectly well but I had a temporary block"
subtype: writer's_block an inability to write; "he had writer's block; the words wouldn't come"
subtype: stupidity a poor ability to understand or to profit from experience
subtype: dumbness__denseness__densenes__slowwittednes the quality of being mentally slow and limited
subtype: dulness__dulnes__dullnes__obtuseness the quality of being slow to understand
subtype: mental_retardation__retardation__backwardness__slowness__subnormality lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
subtype: mental_defectiveness__abnormality retardation sufficient to fall outside the normal range of intelligence
subtype: feeblemindedness severe mental deficiency
subtype: moronity__mental_deficiency mild mental retardation
subtype: idiocy__amentia extreme mental retardation
subtype: imbecility retardation more severe than a moron but not as severe as an idiot
subtype: folly__foolishness__foolishnes__crazines the quality of being rash and foolish
subtype: inaptitude a lack of aptitude
subtype: talentlessness a lack of talent
subtype: incapableness__incapablenes lack of potential for development
subtype: imperfectibility__imperfectability the incapability of becoming perfect
subtype: incapacity.inability lack of intellectual power
subtype: unskillfulness a lack of cognitive skill
subtype: incoordination a lack of coordination of movements
subtype: ineptness__awkwardness__awkwardnes__clumsines__ineptitude__maladroitness__maladroitnes__slownes unskillfulness resulting from a lack of training
subtype: inefficiency unskillfulness resulting from a lack of efficiency
subtype: amateurishness something that demonstrates a lack of professional competency
subtype: illiteracy an inability to read
subtype: uncreativeness a lack of creativity
subtype: fruitlessness a lack of creative imagination
subtype: unoriginality.uncreativeness uncreativeness due to a lack of originality
subtype: triteness__tritenes__stalenes unoriginality as a result of being dull and hackneyed
subtype: camp.triteness something that is considered amusing not because of its originality but because of its unoriginality; "the livingroom was pure camp"
subtype: conventionality unoriginality as a result of being too conventional
subtype: incomprehension an inability to understand; "his incomprehension of the consequences"
subtype: lexis__lexi all of the words in a language; all word forms having meaning or grammatical function
subtype: lexicon__vocabulary__mental_lexicon a language user's knowledge of words
subtype: practice.cognition knowledge of how something is customarily done: "it is not the local practice to wear shorts to dinner"
subtype: custom.practice__tradition a specific practice of long standing
subtype: habit.custom__wont an established custom; "it was their habit to dine at 7 every evening"
subtype: institution.custom a custom that for a long time has been an important feature of some group or society; "the institution of marriage"; "he had become an institution in the theater"
subtype: normal__convention__pattern__rule__formula something regarded as a normative example; "the convention of not naming the main character"; "violence is the rule not the exception"; "his formula for impressing visitors"
subtype: mores__more (sociology) the conventions that embody the fundamental values of a group
subtype: code_of_conduct__code_of_behavior a set of conventional principles and expectations that are considered binding on any person who is a member of a particular group
subtype: courtly_love__courtlylove (medieval) a highly conventionalized code of conduct for lovers
subtype: knight_errantry (medieval) the code of conduct observed by a knight errant who is wandering in search of deeds of chivalry
subtype: protocol code of correct conduct: "safety protocols"; "academic protocol"
subtype: heritage practices that are handed down from the past by tradition; "a heritage of freedom"
subtype: standard_operating_procedure__SOP__S.O.P. the procedure that would normally be followed
subtype: cognitive_factor__cognitivefactor something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result
subtype: difficulty a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; "serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent"
subtype: trouble.difficulty a source of difficulty: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
subtype: can_of_worms (informal) a source of unpredictable trouble and complexity
subtype: deep_water serious trouble
subtype: growing_pains__growingpain problems that arise in enlarging an enterprise (especially in the early stages)
subtype: matter.trouble a problem; "is anything the matter?"
subtype: facer (a dated Briticism) a serious difficulty with which one is suddenly faced
subtype: killer a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"
subtype: pisser a very disagreeable difficulty
subtype: pitfall an unforeseen or unexpected difficulty
subtype: snorter.difficulty (British) something outstandingly difficult; "the problem was a real snorter"
subtype: deterrent__hindrance__impediment__handicap something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
subtype: albatross__albatros (figurative) something that hinders or handicaps; "she was an albatross around his neck"
subtype: bind something that hinders as if with bonds
subtype: obstacle.deterrent__obstruction something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted: "lack of immagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education"; "the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan"
subtype: barrier.obstacle any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; "intolerance is a barrier to understanding"
subtype: ideological_barrier__ideologicalbarrier a barrier to cooperation or interaction resulting from conflicting ideologies
subtype: iron_curtain an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy; used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries
subtype: bamboo_curtain an ideological barrier around communist China especially in the 1950s and 1960s
subtype: color_bar__colorbar__colour_bar__color_line__colorline__colourline__Jim_Crow barrier preventing blacks from participating in various activities with whites
subtype: language_barrier barrier to communication resulting from speaking different languages
subtype: rub__hang-up__hitch__snag an unforeseen obstacle
subtype: hurdle.obstacle an obstacle that you are expected to overcome; "the last hurdle before graduation"
subtype: stymie a thwarting and distressing situation
subtype: determining_factor__determiningfactor__determinant__determiner__determinative__causal_factor a determining or causal element or factor; "education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
subtype: decisive_factor__clincher a point or fact or remark that settles something conclusively
subtype: influence.determining_factor a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do; "her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
subtype: imponderable a factor whose effects cannot be accurately assessed: "human behavior depends on many imponderables"
subtype: leavening__leaven an influence that works subtly to lighten or modify something; "his sermons benefited from a leavening of humor"
subtype: imprint a distinctive influence; "English stills bears the imprint of the Norman invasion"
subtype: morale_builder something or someone who influences by building or strengthening morale
subtype: pestilence a pernicious evil influence
subtype: support.influence something providing immaterial support or assistance to a person or cause or interest; "the policy found little public support"; "his faith was all the support he needed"; "the team enjoyed the support of their fans"
subtype: anchor__mainstay__backbone__linchpin__lynchpin a central cohesive source of support and stability: "faith is his anchor"; "he is the linchpin of this firm"
subtype: temptation.influence__enticement something tempting or enticing
subtype: forbidden_fruit the original forbidden fruit was an apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden; it is now used to refer to anything that is tempting but dangerous (as sexuality)
subtype: bait__come-on__hook__lure__sweetener anything that serves as an enticement
subtype: allurement attractiveness; "its allure was its remoteness"
subtype: equivalent a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc: "send two dollars or the equivalent in stamps"
subtype: opposite_number__counterpart__vis-a-vis a person or thing having the same function or characteristics as another
subtype: match.opposite_number something that resembles or harmonizes with; "that tie makes a good match with your jacket"
subtype: complement.opposite_number either of two parts that mutually complete each other
subtype: replacement__substitute a person or thing that takes or can take the place of another
subtype: successor a thing or person that immediately replaces something or someone
subtype: perception.cognition knowledge gained by perceiving; "a man admired for the depth of his perception"
subtype: discernment__perceptivenes perception of that which is obscure
subtype: insight__penetration clear or deep perception of a situation
subtype: cognizance range or scope of what is perceived
subtype: structure the complex composition of knowledge as elements and their combinations; "his lectures have no structure"
subtype: organisation__arrangement__organization__system an organized structure for arranging or classifying; "he changed the arrangement of the topics"; "the facts were familiar but it was in the organization of them that he was original"; "he tried to understand their system of classification"
subtype: classification_system a system for classifying things
subtype: hierarchical_classification_system a classification system where entries are arranged based on some hierarchical structure
subtype: rating_system__scoring_system__scoringsystem a system of classifying according to quality or merit or amount
subtype: file_system__filing_system a system of classifying into files (usually arranged alphabetically)
subtype: pigeonholing__grouping a system for classifying things into groups
subtype: ABO_blood_group_system__ABO_system__ABO_group a classification system for the antigens of human blood; used in blood transfusion therapy; four groups are A and B and AB and O
subtype: contrivance.organisation an artificial or unnatural or obviously contrived arrangement of details or parts etc.; "the plot contained too many improbable contrivances to be believable"
subtype: coordinate_system__frame_of_reference__reference_system__referencesystem__reference_frame__referenceframe a system that uses coordinates to establish position
subtype: inertial_reference_frame__inertial_frame a coordinate system in which Newton's first law of motion is valid
subtype: space-time_continuum__space-time__spacetime the 4-dimensional coordinate system (3 dimensions of space and 1 of time) in which physical events are located
subtype: data_structure the organization of data (and its storage allocations in a computer)
subtype: hierarchical_structure__hierarchical_data_structure a structure of data having several levels arranged in a tree-like structure
subtype: design.organisation__plan an arrangement scheme; "the awkward design of the keyboard made operation difficult"; "it was an excellent design for living"; "a plan for seating guests"
subtype: layout.design a plan or design of something that is laid out
subtype: trap.design__snare something (often something deceptively attractive) that catches you unawares; "the exam was full of trap questions"; "it was all a snare and delusion"
subtype: iron_trap a trap from which there is no escape
subtype: speed_trap__speedtrap a trap arranged on a roadway for catching speeders
subtype: hotel_plan__hotelplan__meal_plan a plan and a room rate for providing meals to guests at a hotel
subtype: American_plan a hotel plan that includes three meals daily
subtype: modified_American_plan a hotel plan that includes breakfast and dinner (but not lunch)
subtype: Bermuda_plan a hotel plan that provides a full breakfast daily
subtype: European_plan__continental_plan__continentalplan a hotel plan that provides a continental breakfast daily
subtype: statistical_distribution__statisticaldistribution__distribution an arrangement of values of a variable showing their observed or theoretical frequency of occurrence
subtype: frequency_distribution__frequencydistribution a distribution of observed frequencies of occurrence of the values of a variable
subtype: normal_distribution__Gaussian_distribution a theoretical distribution with finite mean and variance
subtype: Poisson_distribution a theoretical distribution that is a good approximation to the binomial distribution when the probability is small and the number of trials is large
subtype: sample_distribution__sample items selected from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population
subtype: random_sample a sample in which every element in the population has an equal chance of being selected
subtype: stratified_sample__representative_sample__proportional_sample the population is divided into strata and a random sample is taken from each stratum
subtype: binomial_distribution__Bernoulli_distribution a theoretical distribution of the number of successes in a finite set of independent trials with a constant probability of success
subtype: genetic_map__geneticmap graphical representation of the arrangement of genes on a chromosome
subtype: lattice an arrangement of points or particles or objects in a regular periodic pattern in 2 or 3 dimensions
subtype: space_lattice__spacelattice__crystal_lattice__crystallattice__Bravais_lattice a 3-dimensional geometric arrangement of the atoms or molecules or ions composing a crystal
subtype: living_arrangement an arrangement to allow people (or ideas) to co-exist
subtype: calendar.organisation a system of timekeeping that defines the beginning and length and divisions of the year
subtype: lunar_calendar__lunarcalendar a calendar based on lunar cycles
subtype: Muhammadan_calendar__Mohammedan_calendar__Moslem_calendar__Muslim_calendar the lunar calendar used by Moslems; dates from 622 AD (the year of the Hegira); the beginning of the Moslem year retrogresses through the solar year completing the cycle every 32 years
instance: Roman_calendar
subtype: lunisolar_calendar__lunisolarcalendar a calendar based on both lunar and solar cycles
subtype: Jewish_calendar__Hebrew_calendar__hebrewcalendar (Judaism) the calendar used by the Jews; dates from 3761 BC (the assumed date of the creation of the world); a lunar year of 354 days is adjusted to the solar year by periodic leap years
subtype: Hindu_calendar the lunisolar calendar governing the religious life of Hindus; an extra month is inserted after every month in which there are two new moons (once every three years)
subtype: solar_calendar__solarcalendar a calendar based on solar cycles
subtype: Gregorian_calendar__New_Style the solar calendar now in general use, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582 AD to correct an error in the Julian calendar by suppressing 10 days, making Oct 5 be called Oct 15, and providing that only centenary years divisible by 400 should be leap years; it was adopted by Great Britain and the American colonies in 1752
subtype: church_calendar__ecclesiastical_calendar a calendar of the Christian year indicating the dates of fasts and festivals
subtype: Julian_calendar__Old_Style the solar calendar introduced in Rome in 46 b.c. by Julius Caesar and slightly modified by Augustus, establishing the 12-month year of 365 days with each 4th year having 366 days and the months having 31 or 30 days except for February
subtype: Revolutionary_calendar the calendar adopted by The French First Republic in 1793 and abandoned in 1805; dates were calculated from Sept. 22, 1792
subtype: configuration__constellation an arrangement of parts or elements; "the outcome depends on the configuration of influences at the time"
subtype: unitization the configuration of smaller units of information into large coordinated units
subtype: redundancy.configuration (electronics) a system design that duplicates components to provide alternatives in case one component fails
subtype: form.structure__shape__pattern a perceptual structure; "the composition presents problems for students of musical form"; "a visual pattern must include not only objects but the spaces between them"
subtype: fractal a geometric pattern that is repeated at every scale and so cannot be represented by classical geometry
subtype: gestalt a configuration or pattern of elements so unified as a whole that it cannot be described merely as a sum of its parts
subtype: mosaic.form a pattern resembling a mosaic
subtype: strand.form a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole; "he tried to pick up the strands of his former life"; "I could hear several melodic strands simultaneously"
subtype: syntax__sentence_structure__phrase_structure the grammatical arrangement of words in sentences
subtype: sound_structure__soundstructure__morphology__syllable_structure__word_structure the admissible arrangement of sounds in words
subtype: affixation the result of adding an affix to a root word
subtype: cognitive_content__cognitivecontent__content__mental_object the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
subtype: tradition an inherited pattern of thought or action
subtype: object.cognitive_content the focus of cognitions or feelings; "objects of thought"; "the object of my affection"
subtype: antipathy the object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided; "cats were his greatest antipathy"
subtype: center_of_attention__center the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party"
subtype: conversation_piece something interesting that stimulates conversation
subtype: cynosure something that strongly attracts attention (as the north star attracts mariners); "let faith be your cynosure to walk by"
subtype: eye-catcher__eyecatcher a striking person or thing that attracts attention
subtype: infatuation.object an object of extravagant short-lived passion
subtype: love.object__passion any object of warm affection or devotion; "the theater was her first love" or "he has a passion for cock fighting"
subtype: food_for_thought__food__intellectual_nourishment anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking
subtype: pabulum insipid intellectual nourishment
subtype: noumenon__thing-in-itself the intellectual conception of a thing as it is in itself, not as it is known through perception
subtype: universe_of_discourse__universe everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
subtype: topic__subject__issue__matter some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police"
subtype: res_judicata__resjudicata__res_adjudicata__resadjudicata a matter already settled in court; cannot be raised again
subtype: area.topic a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
subtype: gray_area__grey_area an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other
subtype: territory an area of knowledge or interest; "his questions covered a lot of territory"
subtype: issue an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; "the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone"; "politicians never discuss the real issues"
subtype: quodlibet an issue that is presented for formal disputation
subtype: idea.cognitive_content__thought the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"
subtype: inspiration.idea arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity
subtype: source.inspiration__seed__germ anything that provides inspiration for later work
subtype: muse the source of an artist's inspiration; "Euterpe was his muse"
subtype: mother.inspiration a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation; "necessity is the mother of invention"
subtype: afflatus a strong creative impulse; divine inspiration; "divine afflatus"
subtype: concept__conception__construct an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
subtype: conceptuality__conceptualization__conceptualisation an elaborated concept
subtype: perception.conceptuality a way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible"
subtype: notion a general inclusive concept
subtype: category a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
subtype: kind__sort__form__variety a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"
subtype: description.kind sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
subtype: type a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
subtype: nature.type a particular type of thing; "problems of this type are very difficult to solve"; "he's interested in trains and things of that nature"; "matters of a personal nature"
subtype: variant__variation something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone"
subtype: antitype an opposite or contrasting type
subtype: art_form__artform a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
subtype: architectural_style__architecturalstyle__style_of_architecture__type_of_architecture architecture as a kind of art form
subtype: Bauhaus a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918
subtype: Byzantine_architecture__Byzantine the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and minarets and much use of mosaics
subtype: classical_architecture__classicalarchitecture__grecoromanarchitecture architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
subtype: Greek_architecture the architecture of ancient Greece
subtype: Roman_architecture the architecture of ancient Rome
subtype: Gothic_architecture__Gothic a style of architecture developed in N France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
subtype: perpendicular_style__perpendicularstyle__perpendicular__English-Gothic__English-Gothic_architecture a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines, a four-centered (Tudor) arch, fan vaulting
subtype: Tudor_architecture a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
subtype: Romanesque_architecture__Romanesque a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades
subtype: Norman_architecture a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
subtype: Moorish_architecture__Moorish a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by the horseshoe (Moorish) arch
subtype: Victorian_architecture a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation
subtype: sonata_form a musical form having 3 sections -- exposition and development and recapitulation; characteristic of 1st movement of a sonata or symphony
subtype: style a particular kind (as to appearance); "this style of shoe is in demand"
subtype: flavor__flavour (high energy physics) the kinds of quarks and antiquarks
subtype: colour.quark__color (high energy physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
subtype: species.kind__specie__variety a specific kind of something: "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
subtype: genus.kind__genu a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
subtype: make__brand a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
subtype: genre.kind a kind of literary or artistic work
subtype: ilk a kind of person; "I don't like people of his ilk"
subtype: manner a kind; "what manner of man are you?"
subtype: model a type of product; "his car was an old model"
subtype: the_like__thelike__the_likes_of__thelikesof a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we don't want the likes of you around here"
subtype: pigeonhole a specific (often simplistic) category
subtype: rubric.category category name; "it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'"
subtype: way.category a general category of things; used in the expression "in the way of": "they didn't have much in the way of clothing"
subtype: rule__regulation a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
subtype: restriction.rule__limitation a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
subtype: quantification.restriction a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
subtype: restraint.restriction a rule or condition that limits freedom; "legal restraints"; "restraints imposed on imports"
subtype: guidepost__guideline__rule_of_thumb a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior
subtype: cy_pres_doctrine__cy_pres__cypre__rule_of_cy_pres a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as nearly as possible
subtype: working_principle__workingprinciple__working_rule__workingrule a rule that is adequate to permit work to be done
subtype: abstract__abstraction a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"
subtype: right an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature: "they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights"; "Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people"- Eleanor Roosevelt; "a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away"
subtype: access.right the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership)
subtype: advowson the right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice
subtype: cabotage.right the exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders
subtype: claim.right__title an informal right to something: "his claim on her attentions"; "his title to fame"
subtype: due that which is deserved or owed: "give the devil his due"
subtype: admittance__entree__access the right to enter
subtype: door.admittance anything providing a means of access (or escape); "we closed the door to Haitian immigrants"; "education is the door to success"
subtype: open_door freedom of access; "he maintained an open door for all employees"
subtype: floor.right the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
subtype: grant.right a right or privilege that has been granted
subtype: human_right__humanright any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
subtype: right_to_privacy right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
subtype: right_to_life the right to live
subtype: right_to_liberty the right to be free
subtype: right_to_the_pursuit_of_happiness the right to try to find happiness
subtype: freedom_of_thought the right to hold unpopular ideas
subtype: equality_before_the_law the right to equal protection of the laws
subtype: civil_right__civilright__civil_rights right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
subtype: civil_liberty__civilliberty fundamental individual right protected by law and expressed as immunity from unwarranted governmental interference
subtype: habeas_corpus right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
subtype: freedom_of_religion guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_speech guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_the_press guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_assembly right peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances; guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_to_bear_arms guaranteed by the 2nd amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_search_and_seizure__freedomfromsearchandseizure guaranteed by the 4th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_due_process guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution; reaffirmed by the 14th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_self-incrimination__freedomfromselfincrimination guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_double_jeopardy guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_speedy_and_public_trial_by_jury guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_an_attorney guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_confront_accusors guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_cruel_and_unusual_punishment guaranteed by the 8th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_involuntary_servitude guaranteed by the 13th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: equal_protection_of_the_laws guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_discrimination freedom from discrimination on the basis of race or sex or nationality or religion or age; guaranteed by US Federal laws
subtype: equal_opportunity__equalopportunity equivalent opportunities for employment regardless of race or color or sex or national origin
subtype: legal_right__legalright a right based in law
subtype: compulsory_process the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
subtype: preemption.legal_right__pre-emption__preemption the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
subtype: title.legal_right__claim an established or recognized right: "a strong legal claim to the property"; "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"; "he staked his claim"
subtype: own_right__ownright by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved; "a peer in his own right"; "a leading sports figure in his own right": "a fine opera in its own right"
subtype: entitlement right granted by law or contract esp to benefits
subtype: eminent_domain__eminentdomain the right of the state to take private property for public use; the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution requires that just compensation be made
subtype: franchise.legal_right a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the right to vote)
subtype: right_to_vote__vote__suffrage a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920"
subtype: patent_right the right granted by a patent; especially the exclusive right to an invention
subtype: right_of_election in probate law: the legal right of a surviving spouse to elect to take either what the deceased spouse gave under the will or the share of the estate as set forth by statute
subtype: right_of_entry the legal right to take possession of real estate in a peaceable manner
subtype: right_of_re-entry the legal right to resume possession (a right that was reserved when a former possession was parted with)
subtype: right_of_privacy a legal right (not explicitly provided in the US Constitution) to be left alone; the right to live life free from unwarranted publicity
subtype: use.legal_right__enjoyment (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"
subtype: fair_use the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
subtype: usufruct a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way
subtype: copyright__rightoffirstpublication a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
subtype: land_tenure__tenure the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands
subtype: copyhold a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
subtype: freehold tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
subtype: villeinage tenure by which a villein held land
subtype: preemption.right__pre-emption__preemption the right to purchase something in advance of others
subtype: preemptive_right the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest
subtype: subscription_right the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public
subtype: prerogative__privilege__perquisite__exclusive_right__exclusiveright a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males"
subtype: easement (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)
subtype: public_easement__publiceasement any easement enjoyed by the public in general (as the public's right to use public streets)
subtype: right_of_way.easement__rightofway the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
subtype: privilege_of_the_floor the right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in session
subtype: privilege (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
subtype: attorney-client_privilege the right of a lawyer to refuse to divulge confidential information from his client
subtype: informer's_privilege the right of the government to refuse to reveal the identity of an informer
subtype: journalist's_privilege the right of a journalist to refuse to divulge sources of confidential information
subtype: marital_communications_privilege__husband-wife_privilege neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from the other while they were married
subtype: physician-patient_privilege__physicianpatientprivilege the right of a physician to refuse to divulge confidential information from a patient without the consent of the patient
subtype: priest-penitent_privilege the right of a clergyman to refuse to divulge confidential information received from a person during confession or similar exchanges
subtype: right_of_search the right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them
subtype: right_of_way.right__rightofway the right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another
subtype: states'_rights the rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution
subtype: voting_right the right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company
subtype: water_right__waterright__riparian_right right of access to water
subtype: absolute something that is conceived to be absolute; something that does not depends on anything else and is beyond human control; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
subtype: teacher a personified abstraction that teaches; "books were his teachers"; "experience is a demanding teacher"
subtype: thing.abstract a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
subtype: quantity something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
subtype: quantum (physics) the smallest quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
subtype: term.quantity any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
subtype: numerical_quantity__numericalquantity a quantity expressed as a number
subtype: zero_point__zero the quantity that registers a reading of zero on a scale
subtype: value.numerical_quantity a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
subtype: scale_value a value on some scale of measurement
subtype: voter_turnout__voterturnout__vote the total number of votes cast; "they are hoping for a large vote"
subtype: operand a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
subtype: variable_quantity__variable a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
subtype: independent_variable__independentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
subtype: correlate either of two correlated variables
subtype: degree_of_freedom an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution
subtype: dependent_variable__dependentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable; if f(x)=y, y is the dependent variable
subtype: random_variable__variate__variant__stochasticvariable__chance_variable a variable quantity that is random
subtype: scalar a variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components
subtype: tensor.variable_quantity a generalization of the concept of a vector
subtype: vector a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
subtype: vector_product__cross_product__crossproduct a vector that is the product of two other vectors
subtype: vector_sum__resultant a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors
subtype: radius_vector a line connecting a point in space to the origin of a polar coordinate system
subtype: radius_vector.vector__radiusvector a line connecting a satellite to the center of the body around which it is rotating
subtype: constant_quantity__constant a quantity that does not vary
subtype: parametric_quantity__parameter a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves
subtype: degree_of_freedom.parametric_quantity__degreeoffreedom one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
subtype: parameter.quantity a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
subtype: mathematical_product__product a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6"
subtype: factorial the product of all the integers up to and including a given integer; "1, 2, 6, 24, and 120 are factorials"
subtype: multiple the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
subtype: double a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
subtype: triple a quantity that is three times as great as another
subtype: quadruple a quantity that is four times as great as another
subtype: lowest_common_multiple__least_common_multiple__lcm the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
subtype: total__sum a quantity obtained by addition
subtype: polynomial a mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms
subtype: monic_polynomial__monicpolynomial a polynomial in one variable
subtype: quadratic_polynomial__quadraticpolynomial__quadratic a polynomial of the second degree
subtype: biquadratic_polynomial__biquadraticpolynomial__biquadratic__quartic_polynomial__quarticpolynomial a polynomial of the fourth degree
subtype: series.polynomial (mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
subtype: power_series the sum of terms containing successively higher integral powers of a variable
subtype: convergency the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit
subtype: divergency__divergence an infinite series that has no limit
subtype: geometric_series a geometric progression written as a sum
subtype: Fourier_series the sum of a series of trigonometric expressions; used in the analysis of periodic functions
subtype: exponential_series a series derived from the expansion of an exponential expression
subtype: proportional one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
subtype: quotient a quantity obtained by division
subtype: difference.quantity a quantity obtained by subtraction; "profit is a positive difference between income and expenses"
subtype: binomial a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms
subtype: part__section__division one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole: "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
subtype: beginning.part the first part or section of something: "`It was a dark and stormy night' is a hackneyed beginning for a story"
subtype: middle an intermediate part or section: "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
subtype: end.part a final part or section: "we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus"; "Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end"
subtype: high_point the most enjoyable part of a given experience; "the trumpet solo was the high point of the concert"
subtype: component.part__constituent__factor__ingredient an abstract part of something: "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
subtype: mathematical_point__point a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
subtype: point_of_intersection__intersection__intersection_point a point where lines intersect
subtype: vertex the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
subtype: intercept the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
subtype: whole all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
subtype: unit.whole a single undivided whole; "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
subtype: one a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
subtype: compound a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
subtype: composite__complex a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
subtype: hybrid a composite of mixed origin; "the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices"
subtype: syndrome.composite a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
subtype: natural_law__naturallaw__law a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
subtype: divine_law a law that is believed to come directly from God
subtype: principle.natural_law a basic truth or law or assumption: "the principles of democracy"
subtype: dictate a guiding principle: "the dictates of reason"
subtype: fundamentals__basics__fundamental_principle__fundamentalprinciple__basic_principle__basicprinciple__bedrock principles from which other truths can be derived; "first you must learn the fundamentals"; "let's get down to basics"
subtype: first_rudiment__firstrudiment__rudiment__first_principle__firstprinciple__alphabet__ABC__ABC's__ABCs the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered the rudiments of geometry"
subtype: logic.principle the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war"
subtype: pleasure_principle__pleasure-pain_principle__pleasure-unpleasure_principle (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id; the principle that an infant seeks gratification and fails to distinguish fantasy from reality
subtype: reality_principle__realityprinciple (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego; the principle that as a child grows it becomes aware of the real environment and the need to accommodate to it
subtype: conservation.principle (physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations
subtype: conservation_of_charge__conservation_of_electricity the principle that the total electric charge of a system remains constant despite changes inside the system
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_mass__lawofconservationofmas__conservationofmas__conservation_of_matter__law_of_conservation_of_matter a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
subtype: conservation_of_momentum the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
subtype: conservation_of_parity__parity__space-reflection_symmetry__mirror_symmetry (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system
instance: Tao
subtype: sound_law__soundlaw a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
subtype: Grimm's_law a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
subtype: Verner's_law a qualification of Grimm's law
subtype: law_of_nature__law a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature: "the laws of thermodynamics"
subtype: all-or-none_law__allornonelaw (neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
subtype: principle.law_of_nature__rule a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system: "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields"
subtype: Le_Chatelier's_principle__Le_Chatelier's_law__Le_Chatelier_principle__Le_Chatelier-Braun_principle the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change
subtype: Gresham's_Law (economics) the principle that when two kinds of money having the same denominational value are in circulation the intrinsically more valuable money will be hoarded and the money of lower intrinsic value will circulate more freely until the intrinsically more valuable money is driven out of circulation; bad money drives out good; credited to Sir Thomas Gresham
subtype: Naegele's_rule rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date
subtype: Occam's_Razor__Ockham's_Razor__principle_of_parsimony__law_of_parsimony the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred
subtype: principle_of_equivalence (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference
subtype: principle_of_liquid_displacement (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid
subtype: Huygens'_principle_of_superposition__principle_of_superposition the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point; "the principle of superposition is the basis of the wave theory of light"
subtype: mass-action_principle__mass_action (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning
subtype: localization_of_function__localisation_of_function__localization_principle__localisation_principle__localization__localisation (neurology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in the cortex of the brain
subtype: lateralization__lateralisation__laterality localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain
subtype: Archimedes'_principle__law_of_Archimedes (hydrostatics) the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
subtype: Avogadro's_law__Avogadro's_hypothesis the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules
subtype: Bernoulli's_law__law_of_large_numbers (statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
subtype: Bose-Einstein_statistics (physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
subtype: Boyle's_law__Mariotte's_law the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
subtype: Coulomb's_Law a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
subtype: Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures__Dalton's_law__law_of_partial_pressures (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
subtype: distribution_law (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
subtype: Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution_law__Boltzmann_distribution_law (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium
subtype: equilibrium_law__law_of_chemical_equilibrium (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
subtype: Fechner's_law__Weber-Fechner_law (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
subtype: Fermi-Dirac_statistics (physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
subtype: Gay-Lussac's_law__Charles'_law__law_of_volumes the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature
subtype: Henry's_law (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
subtype: Hooke's_law (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
subtype: Hubble's_law__Hubble_law (astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
subtype: Kepler's_law_of_planetary_motion__Kepler's_law (astronomy) one of three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler
subtype: Kepler's_first_law a law stating that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
subtype: Kepler's_second_law__law_of_areas__law_of_equal_areas a law concerning the speed at which planets travel; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times; "Kepler's second law means that a planet's orbital speed changes with its distance from the sun"
subtype: Kepler's_third_law__harmonic_law a law stating that the ratio of the square of the revolutionary period (in years) to the cube of the orbital axis (in astronomical units) is the same for all planets
subtype: Kirchhoff's_laws (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: (1) the sum of all the currents at a point is zero; (2) the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
subtype: law_of_averages a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
subtype: law_of_constant_proportion__law_of_definite_proportions (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
subtype: law_of_diminishing_returns a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
subtype: law_of_effect (psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
subtype: law_of_equivalent_proportions__law_of_reciprocal_proportions (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together
subtype: Newton's_law_of_gravitation__newton'slawofgravitation__law_of_gravitation (physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: law_of_multiple_proportions__Dalton's_law (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
subtype: law_of_mass_action (chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
subtype: law_of_thermodynamics (physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
subtype: second_law_of_thermodynamics a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature; any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
subtype: third_law_of_thermodynamics law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero
subtype: zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics the law that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then the first two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: Mendel's_law (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
subtype: law_of_segregation members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
subtype: law_of_independent_assortment each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
subtype: Newton's_law_of_motion__Newton's_law__law_of_motion one of three basic laws of classical mechanics
subtype: Newton's_first_law_of_motion__first_law_of_motion__Newton's_first_law a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
subtype: Newton's_second_law_of_motion__second_law_of_motion__Newton's_second_law the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force
subtype: Newton's_third_law_of_motion__third_law_of_motion__Newton's_third_law__law_of_action_and_reaction action and reaction are equal and opposite
subtype: Ohm's_law electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
subtype: Pascal's_law_of_fluid_pressures__Pascal's_law pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid; "the hydraulic press is an application of Pascal's law"
subtype: Pauli_exclusion_principle__exclusion_principle no two electrons or protons or neutrons in a given system can be in states characterized by the same set of quantum numbers
subtype: periodic_law__Mendeleev's_law (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
subtype: Planck's_law (physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is give by Planck's constant
subtype: Planck's_radiation_law (physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
subtype: principle_of_relativity (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
subtype: Weber's_law (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus; "Weber's law explains why you don't notice your headlights are on in the daytime"
subtype: lexicalized_concept__lexicalizedconcept a concept that is expressed by a word (in some particular language)
subtype: hypothesis.concept__possibility a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
subtype: theoretical_account__theoreticalaccount__model__framework a simplified description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
subtype: computer_simulation__simulation (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
subtype: mean_sun a theoretical sun that moves along the celestial equator at a constant speed and completes its annual course in the same amount of time the real sun takes at variable speeds
subtype: Copernican_system Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun
subtype: Ptolemaic_system Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center
subtype: stochastic_process a statistical process involving a number of random variables depending on a variable parameter (which is usually time)
subtype: Markov_process__Markoff_process a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
subtype: Markov_chain__Markoff_chain a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
subtype: stationary_stochastic_process a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
subtype: graph_model
subtype: Conceptual_Graph_model
subtype: RDF_model
subtype: KADS_model
subtype: KADS1_model
subtype: KADS1_layer_of_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_inference_layer
subtype: KADS1_task_layer
subtype: KADS1_domain_layer
subtype: KADS1_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_problem_solving_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_communication_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_cooperation_expertise
subtype: KADS1_strategy_layer
subtype: KADS1_Conceptual_Model
subtype: speculation a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence); "speculations about the outcome of the election"; "he dismissed it as mere conjecture"
subtype: supposal__assumption__supposition a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
subtype: conclusion an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion"
subtype: non_sequitur.conclusion__nonsequitur (logic) a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
subtype: fundament__basis__basi__base__foundation__groundwork__cornerstone the fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
subtype: given__presumption an assumption that is taken for granted
subtype: basic_assumption__basicassumption__constatation__self-evident_truth an assumption that is basic to an argument
subtype: fact.concept a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
subtype: theory a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
subtype: reductionism.theory a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
subtype: blastogenesis__blastogenesi theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm
subtype: theory_of_preformation__preformation a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
subtype: scientific_theory a theory that explains scientific observations; "scientific theories must be falsifiable"
subtype: big-bang_theory__big_bang_theory (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
subtype: nebular_hypothesis the theory that the solar system evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
subtype: planetesimal_hypothesis the theory that the solar system was formed by the gravitational accumulation of planetesimals
subtype: Newton's_theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravity__gravitational_theory__gravitationaltheory (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: organicism theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes
subtype: atomic_theory a theory in which matter consists of atoms
subtype: atomic_theory.scientific_theory__atomictheory a theory of the structure of the atom
subtype: Bohr_theory (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
subtype: Rutherford_atom first modern concept of atomic structure; all of the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are contained in a compact nucleus; a number of electrons (equal to the atomic number) occupy the rest of the volume of the atom and neutralize the positive charge
subtype: cell_theory (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
subtype: wave_theory_of_light__wave_theory__undulatory_theory the theory that light is transmitted as waves
subtype: corpuscular_theory_of_light__corpuscular_theory__corpusculartheory the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_gases__kinetictheoryofgase__kinetic_theory__kinetictheory a theory that gases consist of small particles in random movement
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_heat a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
subtype: Einstein's_theory_of_relativity__relativity__theory_of_relativity__relativity_theory (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
subtype: general_relativity_theory__general_relativity__generalrelativity__general_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_general_theory_of_relativity a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
subtype: special_relativity_theory__special_relativity__specialrelativity__special_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_special_theory_of_relativity a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
subtype: supersymmetry a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang"
subtype: quantum_theory__quantumtheory a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
subtype: uncertainty_principle__uncertaintyprinciple__indeterminacy_principle__indeterminacyprinciple the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
subtype: germ_theory the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
subtype: information_theory__informationtheory a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
subtype: Arrhenius_theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_electrolytic_dissociation (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
subtype: theory_of_evolution__theory_of_organic_evolution (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
subtype: Darwinism a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
subtype: Neo-Darwinism a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
subtype: Lamarckism a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
subtype: Neo-Lamarckism a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
subtype: Ostwald's_theory_of_indicators__theory_of_indicators (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
subtype: theory_of_inheritance a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
subtype: Mendelism__Mendelianism the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
subtype: game_theory__theory_of_games a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
subtype: economic_theory (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
subtype: consumerism.economic_theory the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
subtype: Keynesianism the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment
subtype: liberalism.economic_theory an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard
subtype: Malthusianism__Malthusian_theory Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence
subtype: monetarism an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money
subtype: structural_sociology__structuralism a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
subtype: structural_anthropology__structuralism an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
subtype: linguistic_rule__rule a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
subtype: grammatical_rule__grammaticalrule__ruleofgrammar a linguistic rule for the syntax of grammatical utterances
subtype: preoccupation an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
subtype: obsession__fixation an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone
subtype: hang-up (informal) an emotional preoccupation
subtype: hobbyhorse a topic to which on constantly reverts: "don't get him started on his hobbyhorse"
subtype: self-absorption__selfabsorption preoccupation with yourself to the exclusion of everything else
subtype: misconception an incorrect conception
subtype: fallacy__falsebelief a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning
subtype: pseudoscience an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions
subtype: astrology__stardivination a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon
subtype: horoscopy the drawing up and interpretation of horoscopes
subtype: alchemy a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
subtype: logical_fallacy a fallacy in logical argumentation
subtype: hysteron_proteron the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved
subtype: ignoratio_elenchi__ignoratioelenchi the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue
subtype: petitio_principii__petitio the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question
subtype: post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc__post_hoc the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation
subtype: pathetic_fallacy the fallacy of attributing human feelings to inanimate objects; `the friendly sun' is an example of the pathetic fallacy
subtype: sophism a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone
subtype: paralogism an unintentionally invalid argument
subtype: erroneous_belief__erroneousbelief__error a misconception resulting from incorrect information
subtype: self-deception__self-deceit a misconception that is favorable to the person who holds it
subtype: misunderstanding__mistake__misapprehension an understanding of something that is not correct; "he wasn't going to admit his mistake"; "make no mistake about his intentions"; "there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister"
subtype: illusion.misconception__fantasy__fancy something many people believe that is false; "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy"
subtype: bubble.illusion an impracticable and illusory idea; "he didn't want to burst the newcomer's bubble"
subtype: will-o'-the-wisp__ignis_fatuus an illusion that misleads
subtype: wishful_thinking__wishfulthinking the illusion that what you wish for is actually true
subtype: delusion a mistaken opinion or idea; "he has delusions of competence"
subtype: freak_out__freakout__disorientation a wild delusion (especially one induced by a hallucinogenic drug)
subtype: mirage something illusory and unattainable
subtype: plan__program__programme a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
subtype: outline.plan__schema__scheme a schematic or preliminary plan
subtype: master_plan a long-term outline of a project or government function: "the zoning board adopted a master plan for the new development"
subtype: blueprint.plan__design__pattern something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt"
subtype: plan_of_action a plan for actively doing something
subtype: play.plan_of_action a preset plan of action in team sports; "the coach drew up the plays for her team"
subtype: knock_on__knockon (Rugby) knocking the ball forward while trying to catch it (a foul)
subtype: football_play a play by the offensive team in a football game
subtype: touchback (American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone
subtype: running_play__runningplay__running__running_game__runninggame a football play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"
subtype: draw_play__draw the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage
subtype: return.running_play the act of running back the football after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble
subtype: rush.running_play__rushing (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush"
subtype: end_run__endrun__sweep (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line
subtype: passing_play__passingplay__pass__passing_game__passinggame__passing a football play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long"
subtype: forward_pass__aerial a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer
subtype: screen_pass a forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers
subtype: lateral_pass__lateral a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer
subtype: handoff a football play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate
subtype: tackle.football_play (football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground
subtype: razzle-dazzle__razzle__razzmatazz__razmataz any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent
subtype: basketball_play a play executed by a basketball team
subtype: pick a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body; "he was called for setting an illegal pick"
subtype: switch.basketball_play a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other
subtype: give-and-go a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass
subtype: baseball_play a play executed by a baseball team
subtype: double_play the act of getting two players out on one play
subtype: triple_play the act of getting three players out on one play
subtype: squeeze_play__squeezeplay a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch
subtype: suicide_squeeze_play__suicidesqueezeplay__suicide_squeeze__suicidesqueeze the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball
subtype: safety_squeeze_play__safety_squeeze the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully
subtype: policy.plan_of_action a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
subtype: activism a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal
subtype: obscurantism.policy a policy of opposition to enlightenment or the spread of knowledge
subtype: battle_plan plan for conducting a battle
subtype: system.plan_of_action a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
subtype: credit_system a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit
subtype: legal_system__legalsystem a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws
subtype: bail the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial); "he is out on bail"
subtype: jury_system a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit
subtype: patent_system a legal system for protecting the rights of inventors
subtype: tax_system__taxsystem a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes
subtype: voting_system__electoral_system__electoralsystem a legal system for making democratic choices
subtype: uninominal_system__uninominal_voting_system__single-member_system__scrutin_uninomial_system__scrutinuninomialsystem__scrutin_uninominal_voting_system based on the principle of having only one member (as of a legislature) selected from each electoral district
subtype: list_system__scrutin_de_liste__scrutin_de_liste_system based on the principle of proportional representation; voters choose between party lists, the number elected from each list being determined by the percentage cast for each list out of the total vote
subtype: pricing_system__pricingsystem a system for setting prices on goods or services
subtype: promotion_system__promotionsystem a system for advancing participants to higher-status positions
subtype: tactic__maneuver__manoeuvre a plan for attaining a particular goal
subtype: strategy__scheme an elaborate and systematic plan of action
subtype: stratagem__contrivance__dodge an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade; "his testimony was just a contrivance to throw us off the track"
subtype: plant.stratagem something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
subtype: wangle__wangling an instance of accomplishing something by scheming or trickery
subtype: game_plan a plan for achieving an objective (especially in some sport)
subtype: house_of_cards__bubble a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control; "his proposal was nothing but a house of cards"; "a real estate bubble"
subtype: secret_plan__plot a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor"
subtype: counterplot a plot intended to subvert another plot
subtype: machination covert and involved plotting to achieve your ends
subtype: priestcraft.machination a derogatory reference to priests who use their influence to control secular or political affairs
subtype: cabal__conspiracy a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)
subtype: Gunpowder_Plot a conspiracy in 1605 in England to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament to avenge the persecution of Catholics in England; led by Guy Fawkes
subtype: waiting_game__waitinggame a strategy of delay
subtype: incentive_program__incentiveprogram__incentive_scheme__incentivescheme a formal scheme for inducing someone (as employees) to do something
subtype: travel_plan__itinerary a proposed route of travel
subtype: regimen__regime (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)
subtype: project__projection a planned undertaking
subtype: money-spinner__moneyspinner__moneymaker__cash_cow a project that generates a continuous flow of money
subtype: software__software_system__software_package__package (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"
subtype: alpha_software__alphasoftware a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers
subtype: authoring_language__authoringlanguage software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming
subtype: beta_software pre-release software that has received an alpha test but still has more bugs than a regular release; "beta software is usually available only to particular users who will test it"
subtype: compatible_software software that can run on different computers without modification
subtype: compatible_software.software__compatiblesoftware application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together
subtype: computer-aided_design__CAD software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing
subtype: freeware software that is provided without charge
subtype: groupware software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space
subtype: operating_system__operatingsystem__OS (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services
subtype: DOS__disk_operating_system an operating system that is on a disk
subtype: MS-DOS__Microsoft_disk_operating_system an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers
subtype: UNIX__UNIX_operating_system__UNIX_system a powerful operating system developed at the Bell Telephone Laboratories
subtype: computer_program__program__programme__computer_programme (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"
subtype: application_program__applicationprogram__application__applications_programme a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications"
subtype: active_application an application that is currently running and in the foreground
subtype: applet a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface
subtype: web_browser__webbrowser__browser a program used to view HTML documents
subtype: Mosaic a freeware browser
subtype: Netscape a commercial browser
subtype: natural_language_processor__natural_language_processing_application an application program that deals with natural language text
subtype: disambiguator (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
subtype: job.application_program (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
subtype: word_processor__word_processing_system an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer
subtype: editor_program__editor (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data
subtype: linkage_editor__linkageeditor an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules
subtype: text_editor (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files
subtype: Emacs_text_editor
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: hierarchy_editor__hierarchyeditor a graph editor tailored to ease the display and edition of hierarchies
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: hyperbolic_graph_editor
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: Charger
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: loop.computer_program a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied
subtype: patch.computer_program a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
subtype: assembler__assembly_program a program to convert assembly language into machine language
subtype: checking_program a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors
subtype: compiler__compiling_program__compilingprogram (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program
subtype: C_compiler a compiler for programs written in C
subtype: Fortran_compiler a compiler for programs written in Fortran
subtype: LISP_compiler a compiler for programs written in LISP
subtype: Pascal_compiler a compiler for programs written in Pascal
subtype: debugger a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors
subtype: user_interface__interface (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
subtype: command_line_interface__CLI a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon
subtype: graphical_user_interface__GUI a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device
subtype: 2D_user_interface
subtype: 3D_user_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: graph_visualization_interface__graphvisualizationinterface
subtype: display-only_graph_viewer
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: user_interface
subtype: non-graphical_user_interface
subtype: procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: RPC_interface__Remote_Procedure_Call_interface__remoteprocedurecallinterface
subtype: API__application_programming_interface__applicationprogramminginterface
subtype: command_based_interface__commandbasedinterface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: OKBC_interface
subtype: CGI-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: direct_command_based_interface__shell
subtype: sh
subtype: ksh
subtype: csh
subtype: graphical_user_interface
subtype: network-accessible_interface
subtype: Web_based_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: CGI_based_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: interpretive_program__interpreter (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time
subtype: job_control__jobcontrol a program that is called to prepare each job to be run
subtype: library_program__libraryprogram a program in a program library
subtype: monitor_program__monitoring_program a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
subtype: object_program__target_program a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer
subtype: source_program a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language
subtype: relocatable_program__relocatableprogram a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
subtype: reusable_program a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: search_engine a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)
subtype: self-adapting_program a program that can change its performance in response to its environment
subtype: spreadsheet a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen
subtype: supervisory_program__supervisoryprogram__supervisor__executive_program__executiveprogram a program that controls the execution of other programs
subtype: syntax_checker a program to check natural language syntax
subtype: system_program__systems_program__systemsprogram__systems_software__systemssoftware a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer
subtype: translating_program__translatingprogram__translator a program that translates one programming language into another
subtype: utility_program__utilityprogram__utility__service_program__serviceprogram (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer; "a computer system provides utility programs to perform the tasks needed by most users"
subtype: device_driver__driver (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
subtype: diagnostic_program a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program
subtype: input_program__inputprogram a utility program that organizes the input to a computer
subtype: output_program a utility program that organizes the output of a computer
subtype: sort_program__sorting_program__sortingprogram a utility program that sorts data items
subtype: trace_program__traceprogram a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program
subtype: snapshot_program a trace program that produces output for selected conditions
subtype: script program witten with an interpreted language
subtype: class_script__classscript script associated to a class
subtype: object_script script associated to a class instance (that is not a class itself
subtype: global_script script that is not associated to an object or a class
subtype: program_written_in_a_certain_language
subtype: LISP_program a program written in LISP
subtype: FORTRAN_program a program written in FORTRAN
subtype: C_program a program written in C
subtype: subroutine__routine__subprogram__procedure__function a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
subtype: cataloged_procedure__catalogedprocedure a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name
subtype: contingency_procedure__contingencyprocedure an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises
subtype: library_routine__libraryroutine a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
subtype: random_number_generator a routine designed to yield a random number
subtype: recursive_routine__recursiveroutine a routine that can call itself
subtype: reusable_routine a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: supervisory_routine__supervisoryroutine__executive_routine__executiveroutine a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines
subtype: tracing_routine a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program
subtype: utility_routine__utilityroutine__service_routine__serviceroutine a routine that can be used as needed
subtype: dump_routine a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium
subtype: input_routine__inputroutine a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store
subtype: output_routine a routine that controls an output device
subtype: shareware software that has been copyrighted but is sold to users with permission to copy it and give it to others
subtype: shrink-wrapped_software software on cd-roms that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)
subtype: supervisory_software__supervisorysoftware specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
subtype: software_documentation__documentation program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
subtype: DBMS__database_management_system a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database
subtype: RDBMS__relational_database_management_system a database management system designed to manage a relational database
subtype: ODBMS__OODBMS__object-oriented_database_management_system $("ODBMS" added as key, "OODBMS" added)$a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database
subtype: ORDBMS__object-relational_DBMS__extended_RDBM DBMS mixing features from RDBMSs and ODBMSs but not being a genuine RDBMS nor ODBMS
subtype: in_memory_ORDBMS
subtype: Gigabase
subtype: DDBMS
subtype: in_memory_DBMS__IMDBMS DBMS loading/mapping the whole database in main memory before answering a query
subtype: in_memory_ODBMS
subtype: FastDB
subtype: federated_DBMS__multi_DBMS
subtype: IR_system
subtype: distributed_IR_system
subtype: distributed_hypertext_IR_system__distributedhypertextirsystem e.g. the WWW
subtype: WWW
subtype: Semantic_Web
subtype: hypertext_system__hypertextsystem a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
subtype: KM_tool__knowledge_management_tool
subtype: knowledge_base_system__KBS
subtype: KBMS
subtype: graph_based_KBMS
subtype: SNEPSwD
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CGWorld
subtype: PROLOG\+CG
subtype: CoGITaNT
subtype: Notio
subtype: WebKB
subtype: WebKB-1__WebKB_private_annotation_tool
subtype: WebKB-2__WebKB_shared_annotation_tool
subtype: inference_engine__inferenceengine
subtype: KA_tool
subtype: KADS_tool
subtype: terminological_analysis_tool
subtype: ACABIT
subtype: LEXTER
subtype: TERMS
subtype: XTract
subtype: knowledge_based_IR_system
subtype: WebKB
subtype: CGKAT
subtype: knowledge_interface_generator__knowledgeinterfacegenerator
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: language/structure_specific_tool
subtype: CG_related_tool__cgrelatedtool
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: NL_parser_with_CG_output
subtype: ontology_management_tool
subtype: FCA_tool
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: agenda__docket__schedule a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
subtype: menu.agenda__fare an agenda of things to do; "they worked rapidly down the menu of reports"
subtype: pension_plan__pensionplan__retirement_plan__retirement_program a plan for setting aside money to be spent after retirement
subtype: individual_retirement_account__IRA a self-funded retirement plan that allows you to contribute a limited yearly sum toward your retirement; taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred
subtype: employee_savings_plan a plan that allows employees to contribute to an investment pool managed the employer
subtype: 401-k_plan__401kplan__401-k__401k an employee savings plan that allows employees to contribute pre-tax dollars and federal income taxes are deferred until retirement or withdrawal from the plan; can then be converted into an IRA
subtype: stock_purchase_plan an organized plan for employees of a company to buy shares of its stock
subtype: employee_stock_ownership_plan__ESOP a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company
subtype: budget.plan a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"
subtype: balanced_budget a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts
subtype: figment a contrived or fantastic idea; "a figment of the imagination"
subtype: generalization__generalisation__generality an idea having general application; "he spoke in broad generalities"
subtype: principle.generalization__rule a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
subtype: pillar a fundamental principle or practice; "science eroded the pillars of superstition"
subtype: suggestion an idea that is suggested; "the picnic was her suggestion"
subtype: inkling a slight suggestion; "he had no inkling what was about to happen"
subtype: impression__feeling__belief__notion__opinion a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying"
subtype: presence.impression the impression that something is present; "he felt the presence of an evil force"
subtype: effect.impression an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
subtype: sound_effect__soundeffect an effect that imitates a sound called for in the script of a play
subtype: special_effect__specialeffect an effect used to produce scenes that cannot be achieved by normal techniques (especially on film)
subtype: stage_effect__stageeffect a special effect created on the stage
subtype: intuition.impression__hunch__suspicion an impression that something might be the case; "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong"
subtype: heart__bosom the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom"
subtype: reaction.idea an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
subtype: theorem.idea an idea accepted as a demonstrable truth
subtype: whim__notion__whimsy__whimsey a whimsical idea; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"
subtype: meaning__substance the idea that is intended; "What is the meaning of this proverb?"
subtype: significance.meaning__import__implication a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was spread both by word and by implication"
subtype: tenor.meaning__strain pervading note of an utterance; "I could follow the general tenor of his argument"
subtype: purport__drift general meaning or tenor: "caught the drift of the conversation"
subtype: undercurrent__undertone subdued emotional quality underlying an utterance; implicit meaning
subtype: denotation__reference__extension the class of objects that an expression refers to; "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
subtype: reference.meaning the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to; "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
subtype: connotation an idea that is implied or suggested
subtype: burden the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
subtype: theme__motif a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; "it was the usual `boy gets girl' theme"
subtype: ideal the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain
subtype: value.ideal an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"
subtype: introject (psychoanalysis) a parental figures (and their values) that you introjected as a child; the voice of conscience is usually a parent's voice internalized
subtype: principle a rule or standard especially of good behavior: "a man of principle"; "he will not violate his principles"
subtype: chivalry the medieval principles of knighthood
subtype: ethic__moral_principle__moralprinciple__value-system__valuesystem__value_orientation__valueorientation the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a person with old-fashioned values"
subtype: Chartism the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
subtype: Hellenism the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization
subtype: legal_principle__legalprinciple__judicial_principle__judicial_doctrine a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence
subtype: jus_sanguinis__jussanguini the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
subtype: jus_soli__jussoli the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
subtype: pre-emption__preemption__preemption the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject
subtype: scruple an ethical or moral principle that inhibits action
subtype: idol__paragon__perfection__beau_ideal an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept
subtype: standard__criterion the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"
subtype: control_condition__controlcondition__control a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw"
subtype: design_criteria criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device; "the job specifications summarized the design criteria"
subtype: exemplar__example__model__good_example something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"
subtype: beaut__beauty an outstanding example of its kind; "his roses were beauties"; "when I make a mistake it's a beaut"
subtype: pattern a model considered worthy of imitation; "the American constitution has provided a pattern for many republics"
subtype: ego_ideal__egoideal an ideal of personal excellence toward which a person strives
subtype: idealization.idea__idealisation something that exists only as an idea
subtype: keynote a fundamental or central idea
subtype: heart_and_soul__heartandsoul__kernel__substance__core__center__essence__heart__inwardness__marrow__meat__nub__sum__nittygritty the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"
subtype: hypostasis.heart_and_soul__hypostasi (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying reality
subtype: quiddity__haecceity the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any other
subtype: quintessence.heart_and_soul the purest and most concentrated essence of something
subtype: stuff.heart_and_soul a critically important or characteristic component; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative"
subtype: wisdom accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment
subtype: abstrusity__reconditeness__reconditenes__abstrusenes__profoundness__profundity wisdom that is recondite and abstruse and profound; "the anthropologist was impressed by the reconditeness of the native proverbs"
subtype: internal_representation__representation__mental_representation a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image
subtype: overlap.internal_representation__convergence a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena; "there was no overlap between their proposals"
subtype: crossroads a point where a choice must be made; "Freud's work stands at the crossroads between psychology and neurology"
subtype: interface.overlap the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other; "the interface between chemistry and biology"
subtype: instantiation a representation of an idea in the form of an instance of it; "how many instantiations were found?"
subtype: antitype.internal_representation a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament
subtype: stereotype a conventional or formulaic conception or image: "regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding"
subtype: schema__scheme an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world
subtype: mental_image__image an iconic mental representation; "her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate"
subtype: imagination_image__imaginationimage__thought-image__thoughtimage a mental image produced by the imagination
subtype: memory_image a mental image of something previously experienced
subtype: memory_picture a memory image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: afterimage__aftersensation an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased
subtype: aftertaste an afterimage of a taste
subtype: visual_image__visualization__visualisation a mental image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: mental_picture__picture__impression a clear and telling mental image; "he described his mental picture of his assailant"; "he had no clear picture of himself or his world"; "the events left a permanent impression in his mind"
subtype: auditory_image a mental image that is similar to an auditory perception
subtype: interpretation.internal_representation__reading__version a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
subtype: anagoge a mystical or allegorical interpretation (especially of Scripture)
subtype: reinterpretation.interpretation a new or different meaning
subtype: exegesis.interpretation__exegesi critical interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible)
subtype: eisegesis personal interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible) using your own ideas
subtype: phantasmagoria a constantly changing medley or real or imagined images (as in a dream)
subtype: psychosexuality the mental representation of sexual activities
subtype: percept__perception__perceptual_experience the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept
subtype: figure.percept a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground
subtype: ground.percept a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
subtype: visual_percept__visual_image a percept that arises from the eyes; an image in the visual system
subtype: sight an instance of visual perception; "the sight of his wife brought him back to reality"; "the train was an unexpected sight"
subtype: vista__view__aspect__prospect__scene__panorama the visual percept of a region; "the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
subtype: background.vista__ground the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "he posed her against a background of rolling hills"
subtype: coast the area within view; "the coast is clear"
subtype: exposure.vista aspect re light or wind; "the studio had a northern exposure"
subtype: foreground the part of a scene that is near the viewer
subtype: glimpse a brief or incomplete view; "from the window he could catch a glimpse of the lake"
subtype: middle_distance the part of a scene between the foreground and the background
subtype: side_view a view from the side of something
subtype: profile.side_view a side view representation of an object (especially a human face)
subtype: tableau any dramatic scene
subtype: visual_field__field_of_regard all of the points of the physical environment that can be perceived by a stable eye at a given moment
subtype: field_of_view__field the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument)
subtype: microscopic_field__microscopicfield the areas that is visible through a microscope
subtype: operative_field__operativefield the area that is open during surgery
subtype: memory something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost"
subtype: reminiscence a mental impression retained and recalled from the past
subtype: recollection something recalled to the mind
subtype: engram__memory_trace a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
subtype: confabulation (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
subtype: screen_memory an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance
subtype: example__model a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example"
subtype: lodestar__loadstar something that serves as a model or guide
subtype: prototype__paradigm__epitome__image a standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father"
subtype: imago.prototype (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood
subtype: concentrate.prototype a concentrated example; "the concentrate of contemporary despair"
subtype: type_specimen__holotype the original specimen from which the description of anew species is made
subtype: microcosm a miniature model of something
subtype: original__archetype__pilot an original model on which something is patterned
subtype: template__templet a model or standard for making comparisons
subtype: speech_rhythm__rhythm the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frost's poetry"
subtype: appearance.internal_representation a mental representation; "I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
subtype: illusion__semblance an erroneous mental representation
subtype: phantom__apparition__shadow something existing in perception only: "a ghostly apparition at midnight"
subtype: unidentified_flying_object__UFO__flying_saucer an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins
subtype: Flying_Dutchman.phantom__flyingdutchman a phantom ship that is said to appear in storms near the Cape of Good Hope
subtype: spook__ghost__shade__wraith__specter a mental representation of some haunting experience; "he looked like he had seen a ghost"; "it aroused specters from his past"
subtype: phantom_limb__phantomlimb the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated
subtype: three-D__3-D__3D__3d having a three-dimensional form or appearance: "aren't dreams always in 3-D?"
subtype: front.appearance the outward appearance of a person; "he put up a bold front"
subtype: blur__fuzz a hazy or indistinct representation; "it happened so fast it was just a blur"; "he tried to clear his head of the whisky fuzz"
subtype: abstractionism__unrealism a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples
subtype: concretism__concrete_representation a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms
subtype: shape.concretism__embodiment a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; "a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life"
subtype: belief any cognitive content held as true
subtype: conviction__strong_belief__article_of_faith an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence
subtype: amateurism the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money
subtype: nationalism the conviction that the culture and interests of your nation are superior to those of any other nation
subtype: faith.belief complete confidence in a person or plan etc; "he cherished the faith of a good woman"; "the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust"
subtype: doctrine__philosophy__school_of_thought__ism a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
subtype: abolitionism the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
subtype: absolutism the doctrine of an absolute being
subtype: amoralism the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid
subtype: animalism the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature
subtype: animism the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; "animism is common among primitive peoples"
subtype: creationism the literal belief in the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of evolution of species"
subtype: creation_science an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis
subtype: creed__credo any system of principles or beliefs
subtype: testament a profession of belief; "he stated his political testament"
subtype: Athanasian_Creed a Christian profession of faith
subtype: dogma a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; "he believed all the Marxist dogma"
subtype: dualism the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
subtype: epicureanism a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers
subtype: expansionism the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
subtype: formalism.doctrine the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
subtype: functionalism any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose
subtype: gospel a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance; "Newton's writings were gospel for those who followed"
subtype: gymnosophy the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation
subtype: imitation.doctrine the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations
subtype: mimesis the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
subtype: laissez_faire__laissezfaire__individualism the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
subtype: internationalism the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences
subtype: unilateralism the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
subtype: irredentism__irridentism the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
subtype: literalism the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature
subtype: majority_rule__democracy the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
subtype: monism the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
subtype: nihilism a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
subtype: passivism__pacifism the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable
subtype: pluralism the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
subtype: populism the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
subtype: freethinking__rationalism the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct
subtype: humanism the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
subtype: humanitarianism__humanism the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
subtype: egalitarianism__equalitarianism the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
subtype: feminism a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
subtype: ecumenism__ecumenicism__ecumenicalism the doctrine of the ecumenical movement promoting cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations; aimed at universal Christian unity
subtype: secessionism a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
subtype: secularism a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
subtype: phenomenology a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account
subtype: philosophical_doctrine__philosophicaldoctrine__philosophical_theory__philosophicaltheory a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
subtype: aesthetic__esthetic a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful; "he despised the esthetic of minimalism"
subtype: Aristotelianism the philosophy of Aristotle that elaborates the fundamental principles of the syllogism
subtype: conceptualism the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
subtype: Confucianism the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
subtype: deconstruction__deconstructionism a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
subtype: empiricism__empiricist_philosophy__sensationalism the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
subtype: experimentalism an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles
subtype: logical_positivism__logicalpositivism__positivism the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)
subtype: Comtism Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top
subtype: existentialism__existentialist_philosophy a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
subtype: determinism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
subtype: fatalism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them
subtype: formalism.philosophical_doctrine the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
subtype: idealism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that ideas are the only reality
subtype: intuitionism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition
subtype: logicism the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
subtype: physicalism__materialism the doctrine that matter is the only reality
subtype: dialectical_materialism__dialecticalmaterialism the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
subtype: mechanism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
subtype: mentalism a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
subtype: nativism the philosophical doctrine that some ideas are innate
subtype: naturalism the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
subtype: nominalism the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
subtype: operationalism the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
subtype: Platonism__realism the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
subtype: pragmatism the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
subtype: probabilism the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
subtype: rationalism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
subtype: naive_realism__naiverealism__realism the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived
subtype: relativism the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
subtype: scholasticism the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
subtype: semiotics__semiotic a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols
subtype: sensualism__sensationalism the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good
subtype: solipsism the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
subtype: Stoicism the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
subtype: subjectivism the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
subtype: Daoism__Taoism philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
subtype: teleology a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes
subtype: traditionalism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions
subtype: vitalism a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
subtype: states'_rights.doctrine a doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states
subtype: nullification.states'_rights the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
subtype: teaching__precept a doctrine that is taught; "the teaching of religion"; "he believed all the Christian precepts"
subtype: Golden_Rule a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount: "Whatsoever ye would that men do unto you, do you even so unto them" (Mathew 7:12)
subtype: theological_doctrine__theologicaldoctrine the doctrine of a religious group
subtype: theanthropism (theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine
subtype: predestination__foreordination__preordination__predetermination (theology) the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
subtype: spiritualism.theological_doctrine any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God
subtype: antinomianism the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
subtype: Thomism the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
subtype: Arianism the theological doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father
subtype: Athanasianism the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
subtype: Boehmenism__Behmenism the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
subtype: consubstantiation the High-Church Anglican doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine
subtype: Episcopalianism the theological doctrine of Church government by bishops
subtype: Erastianism__Byzantinism__Caesaropapism the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
subtype: Jansenism the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
subtype: millenarianism belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
subtype: Quakerism the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
subtype: rationalism.theological_doctrine the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth
subtype: deism__free_thought the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
subtype: Rosicrucianism the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the Cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and Redemption; claims various occult powers
subtype: synergism the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
subtype: total_depravity the Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin
subtype: transubstantiation the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
subtype: universalism the theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved
subtype: Virgin_Birth__Nativity the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
subtype: utilitarianism doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
subtype: religious_doctrine__religiousdoctrine__church_doctrine__gospel__creed the body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
subtype: Nicene_Creed a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
subtype: tenet__belief__dogma a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
subtype: article_of_faith__credendum (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
subtype: Immaculate_Conception the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin
subtype: Incarnation the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
subtype: real_presence the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist
subtype: philosophy.belief any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it"
subtype: outlook__expectation__prospect belief about (or mental picture of) the future
subtype: promise.outlook__hope grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; "there is little or no promise that he will recover"
subtype: rainbow.promise an illusory hope; "chasing rainbows"
subtype: foretaste an early limited awareness of something yet to occur
subtype: possibility a future prospect or potential; "this room has great possibilities"
subtype: anticipation.outlook__expectancy something expected (as on the basis of a norm); "each of them had their own anticipations"; "an indicator of expectancy in development"
subtype: life_expectancy an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities
subtype: misgiving__apprehension painful expectation
subtype: fetichism__fetishism a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)
subtype: meliorism the belief that the world can be made better by human effort
subtype: opinion.belief__sentiment__persuasion__view__thought a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?"
subtype: idea a personal view; "he has an idea that we don't like him"
subtype: judgment.opinion__judgement__mind an opinion formed by judging something; "he was reluctant to make his judgment known"; "she changed her mind"
subtype: decision.judgment__determination__conclusion a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"; "his conclusion took the evidence into account"; "satisfied with the panel's determination"
subtype: eyes opinion or judgment; "in the eyes of the law" or "I was wrong in her eyes"
subtype: preconception__prepossession__parti_pris__preconceived_opinion__preconceived_idea__preconceived_notion an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence; "he did not even try to confirm his preconceptions"
subtype: pole.opinion one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions; "they are at opposite poles" or "they are poles apart"
subtype: political_sympathies__politics the opinion you hold with respect to political questions
subtype: autotelism belief that a work of art is an end in itself or its own justification
subtype: originalism the belief that the US Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it
subtype: pacifism the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration
subtype: religious_belief__religiousbelief__religion__faith a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"
subtype: religious_cult__religiouscult__cult a system of religious beliefs and rituals
subtype: macumba a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing a chanting and dancing
subtype: obeah__obi a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
subtype: Rastafarianism belief in Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie of Ethiopia) as the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
subtype: vodoun__voodoo__voodooism__hoodooism a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
subtype: ecclesiasticism.religious_belief religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices
subtype: religious_mysticism__religiousmysticism__mysticism a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
subtype: quietism a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
subtype: nature_worship a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena
subtype: revealed_religion a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind
subtype: theism the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods
subtype: monotheism belief in a single God
subtype: Judaism the monotheistic religion of the Jews; based on the Old Testament and the Talmud
subtype: Orthodox_Judaism beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic Law
subtype: Hasidism__Hassidism beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
subtype: Conservative_Judaism beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
subtype: Reform_Judaism beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
subtype: Muhammadanism__Islam__Islamism__Mohammedanism__Muslimism the monotheistic religion of Muslims based on the Koran
subtype: polytheism__pantheism belief in multiple Gods
subtype: paganism__pagan_religion__paganreligion__heathenism any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
subtype: Christianity__Christian_religion the system of Christian beliefs and practices
subtype: Second_Adventism__Adventism any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
subtype: Seventh-Day_Adventism Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
subtype: Catholicism__Catholicity the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
subtype: Romanism__Roman_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
subtype: Eastern_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of any of the Eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople
subtype: Protestantism the theological system of any of the churches of Western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
subtype: Anglicanism the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
subtype: Anglo-Catholicism__High_Anglicanism a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
subtype: Arminianism doctrines of Jacobus Arminius (1610) rejecting absolute predestination or strict Calvinism
subtype: Calvinism the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
subtype: Christian_Science religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
subtype: Lutheranism teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
subtype: Unitarianism Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
subtype: Trinitarianism Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
subtype: Congregationalism system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
subtype: Mennonitism system of beliefs and practices including belief in Scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
subtype: evangelicalism stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation
subtype: revivalism an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith
subtype: fundamentalism the interpretation of every word in the Bible as literal truth
subtype: Methodism the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
subtype: Wesleyanism__Wesleyism evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
subtype: Anabaptism belief in: the primacy of the Bible; baptism of believers not infants; complete separation of church and state
subtype: Baptistic_doctrine any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
subtype: Mormonism the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
subtype: pentecostalism the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues
subtype: Presbyterianism the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
subtype: Puritanism.Protestantism__puritanism the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
subtype: Tractarianism__Puseyism principles of the founders of the Oxford movement; expounded in pamphlets called "Tracts for the Times"
subtype: Hinduism__Hindooism a complex of beliefs and values and customs including worship of many gods especially the Trimurti composed of Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; and Shiva the destroyer
subtype: Krishnaism worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
subtype: Shivaism__Sivaism worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Shaktism__Saktism worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
subtype: Vishnuism__Vaishnavism__Vaisnavism worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Yoga a Hindu theistic philosophy; union of self and the Supreme Being is sought through a state of complete awareness and tranquillity attained by certain physical exercises
subtype: Brahmanism__Brahminism the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
subtype: Jainism religion founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
subtype: Sikhism a radically monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 16th Century
subtype: Buddhism the ethical philosophy of Buddha; emphasizes physical and spiritual discipline as a means of liberation from the physical world
subtype: Mahayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; chiefly in China; Tibet; Japan
subtype: Hinayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through one's own efforts; chiefly in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); Myanmar (Burma); Thailand; Cambodia
subtype: Lamaism Tibetan Buddhist doctrine including non-Buddhist Indian elements and elements of preexisting shamanism
subtype: Zen_Buddhism__Zen doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
subtype: Shingon a Japanese Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
subtype: Tantra__Tantrism doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
subtype: Hsuan_Chiao__Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
subtype: Shintoism__Shinto the indigenous polytheistic religion of Japan lacking organized teachings; primarily nature and ancestor worship including a chief deity from whom the emperor is believed to be descended
subtype: Mithraism__Mithraicism ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
subtype: Zoroastrianism__Mazdaism system founded in Persia in the 6th century b.c. by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
subtype: Parsiism__Parseeism Zoroastrian sect in India
subtype: shamanism an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
subtype: shamanism.religious_belief any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes
subtype: public_opinion__popular_opinion__popularopinion__opinion__vox_populi__voxpopuli a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; "he asked for a poll of public opinion"
subtype: sacerdotalism a belief that priests can act as mediators between human beings and God
subtype: spiritualism the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)
subtype: spiritual_world__unseen a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit
subtype: supernaturalism a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
subtype: magic any art that invokes supernatural powers
subtype: juju the power associated with a juju
subtype: mojo a magic power or magic spell
subtype: conjuring__conjury invoking a spirit or devil
subtype: summoning__evocation calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations
subtype: sorcery__black_magic__blackmagic__black_art__blackart the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world
subtype: witchcraft__witchery the art of sorcery
subtype: bewitchment__enchantment a magical spell
subtype: diabolism__demonism__Satanism the worship of devils (especially Satan)
subtype: obiism belief in a kind of sorcery that originated in Africa and is practiced in the West Indies
subtype: theurgy magic performed with the help of beneficent spirits
subtype: exorcism__dispossession freeing from evil spirits
subtype: superstition__superstitious_notion__superstitiousnotion an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear
subtype: theory.belief a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
subtype: hodgepodge__patchwork__jumble a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas
subtype: theosophy belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul
subtype: thought the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; "19th century thought" or "Darwinian thought"
subtype: mainstream the prevailing current of thought; "his thinking was in the American mainstream"
subtype: totemism belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem
subtype: tribalism the beliefs of a tribal society
subtype: values beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something); "he has very conservatives values"
subtype: individualism a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
subtype: rugged_individualism individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition
subtype: unbelief__disbelief a rejection of belief
subtype: skepticism__agnosticism__scepticism the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge
subtype: atheism a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
subtype: heresy__unorthodoxy a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
subtype: goal.cognitive_content__end the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; "the ends justify the means"
subtype: objective__aim__object__target the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children"
subtype: business.objective an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
subtype: occasions__occasion something you have to do; "he minded his own specialized occasions"
subtype: point.objective the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
subtype: thing.objective a special objective: "the thing is to stay in bounds"
subtype: bourn__bourne an archaic term for a goal or destination
subtype: end-all__endall the ultimate goal; "human beings are not the end-all of evolution"
subtype: destination__terminus the ultimate goal for which something is done
subtype: no-goal a nonexistent goal; "he lived without a reason progressing toward no-goal"
subtype: purpose__intent__intention__aim__design an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; "his intent was to provide a new translation"; "good intentions are not enough"; "it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs"; "he made no secret of his designs"
subtype: mind.purpose__idea your intention; what you intend to do; "he had in mind to see his old teacher"; "the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces"
subtype: cross-purpose__crosspurpose a contrary aim; "at cross-purposes"
subtype: sake the purpose of achieving or obtaining; "for the sake of argument"
subtype: view.purpose the phrase "with a view to" means "with the intention of"; "he took the computer with a view to pawning it"
subtype: will a fixed and persistent intent or purpose; "where there's a will there's a way"
subtype: intention.goal (usually plural) the goal with respect to a marriage proposal; "his intentions are entirely honorable"
subtype: education.cognitive_content knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
subtype: physical_education training in the development of and care for the human body; stresses athletics; includes hygiene
subtype: experience the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; "a man of experience"; "experience is the best teacher"
subtype: familiarization the experience of becoming familiar with something
subtype: woodcraft.experience skill and experience in matters relating to the woods (as hunting or fishing or camping)
subtype: eruditeness__eruditenes__learnedness__learning__scholarship profound knowledge
subtype: letters.eruditeness__letter scholarly attainment; "he is a man of letters"
subtype: enlightenment education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
subtype: edification__sophistication uplifting enlightenment
subtype: disenchantment__disillusion__disillusionment freeing from false belief or illusions
subtype: satori (Zen Buddhism) a state of sudden spiritual enlightenment
subtype: experience.cognitive_content the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly"
subtype: world.experience__reality all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; "his world was shattered"; "we live in different worlds"; "for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were"
subtype: real_world__real_life the practical world as opposed to the academic world; "a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world"
subtype: life.experience__living the experience of living; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life"
subtype: reliving__re-experiencing__reexperiencing a recurrence of a prior experience; "the reliving of a strong emotion can be therapeutic"
subtype: reminder an experience that causes you to remember something
subtype: deja_vu the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
subtype: memento a reminder of past events
subtype: memento_mori__mementomori a reminder (as a death's head) of your mortality
subtype: shades_of something that reminds you of someone or something; "aren't there shades of 1948 here?"
subtype: acculturation.cognitive_content__culture all the knowledge and values shared by a society
subtype: lore__traditional_knowledge__traditionalknowledge knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote: "early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend"
subtype: old_wives'_tale a bit of lore passed on by word of mouth
subtype: folklore the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture
subtype: ignorance the lack of knowledge or education
subtype: ignorantness__nescience__unknowing__unknowingness__unknowingnes ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)
subtype: inexperience lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience
subtype: unenlightenment a lack of understanding
subtype: dark.unenlightenment__darkness an unenlightened state; "he was in the dark concerning their intentions"; "his lectures dispelled the darkness"
subtype: illiteracy.ignorance ignorance resulting from not reading
subtype: knowledge_domain__knowledgedomain__knowledge_base__knowledgebase the content of a particular domain or field of knowledge
subtype: domain.knowledge_domain__region__realm a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited domain of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult"
subtype: scientific_knowledge knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles; "mathematics is the basis for much scientific knowledge"
subtype: metaknowledge knowledge about knowledge
subtype: history.cognition all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge: "the dawn of recorded history"; "from the beginning of history"
subtype: mental_attitude__attitude a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; "he had the attitude that work was fun"
subtype: credence__acceptance the mental attitude that something is believable and should be accepted as true; "he gave credence to the gossip"; "acceptance of Newtonian mechanics was unquestioned for 200 years"
subtype: defensive_attitude__defensiveattitude__defensive an attitude of defense; especially in the phrase "on the defensive"
subtype: hardball.mental_attitude a no-nonsense attitude in business or politics; "they play hardball in the Senate"
subtype: high_horse an attitude of arrogant superiority; "get off your high horse and admit you are wrong"
subtype: southernism.mental_attitude a attitude characteristic of Southerners (especially in the US)
subtype: mentality__outlook__mindset__mind-set a habitual or characteristic mental attitude that determines how you will interpret and respond to situations
subtype: paternalism the attitude (of a person or a government) that subordinates should be controlled in a fatherly way for their own good
subtype: position.mental_attitude__stance__posture a rationalized mental attitude
subtype: hard_line a firm and uncompromising stance or position; "the governor took a hard line on drugs"
subtype: inclination.mental_attitude__disposition__tendency an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others; "he had an inclination to give up too easily"; "a tendency to be too strict"
subtype: direction.inclination a general course along which something has a tendency to develop; "I couldn't follow the direction of his thoughts"; "his ideals determined the direction of his career"; "they proposed a new direction for the firm"
subtype: trend__drift a general tendency as of opinion: "not openly liberal but that is the tendency of the book"
subtype: Call a special disposition (as if from a divine source) to pursue a particular course; "he was disappointed that he had not heard the Call"
subtype: devices__device an inclination or desire; used in the plural in the phrase "left to your own devices"; "the children were left to their own devices"
subtype: sympathy.inclination__understanding an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion; "his sympathies were always with the underdog"; "I knew I could count on his understanding"
subtype: favoritism__favouritism an inclination to favor some person or group
subtype: proclivity__propensity__leaning a natural inclination; "he has a proclivity for exaggeration"
subtype: bent__set a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way; "the set of his mind was obvious"
subtype: literalism.inclination a disposition to interpret statements in their literal sense
subtype: predisposition.inclination an inclination beforehand to interpret statements in a particular way
subtype: predilection__preference__orientation a predisposition in favor of something; "a predilection for expensive cars"; "his sexual preferences"; "showed a Marxist orientation"
subtype: favor.inclination__favour an inclination to approve; "that style is in favor this season"
subtype: disfavour__disfavor__dislike__disapproval an inclination to withhold approval from some person or group
subtype: doghouse an idiomatic term for being in disfavor; "in the doghouse"
subtype: reprobation severe disapproval
subtype: partiality__partisanship an inclination to favor one group or view or opinion over alternatives
subtype: anthropocentrism__anthropocentricity an inclination to evaluate reality exclusively in terms of human values
subtype: ethnocentrism belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group
subtype: Eurocentrism belief in the preeminence of Europe and the Europeans
subtype: prejudice__bias__preconception a partiality that prevents objective consideration of an issue or situation
subtype: tabu__taboo a prejudice (especially in Polynesia and other South Pacific islands) that prohibits the use or mention of something because of its sacred nature
subtype: irrational_hostility extreme prejudice
subtype: experimenter_bias (psychology) bias introduced by an experimenter whose expectations about the outcome of the experiment can be subtly communicated to the participants in the experiment
subtype: homophobia prejudice against (fear or dislike of) homosexual people and homosexuality
subtype: racism the prejudice that members of one race are intrinsically superior to members of other races
subtype: anti-Semitism the intense dislike for and prejudice against Jewish people
subtype: white_supremacy__whitesupremacy the prejudice that members of the white race are superior to members of other races
subtype: tendentiousness__tendentiousnes an intentional and controversial bias
subtype: tilt a slight but noticeable partiality; "the court's tilt toward conservative rulings"
subtype: sectionalism__provincialism__localism a partiality for some particular place
subtype: inequity__unfairness partiality that is not fair or equitable
subtype: impartiality__nonpartisanship an inclination to weigh both views or opinions equally
subtype: disinterestedness__disinterestednes freedom from bias or selfish motives
subtype: fair-mindedness__fairness__candor__candour ability to make judgments free from discrimination or dishonesty
subtype: tolerance.mental_attitude willingness to recognize and respect the beliefs or practices of others
subtype: broad-mindedness an inclination to tolerate or overlook opposing or shocking opinions or behavior
subtype: liberalness__liberalnes an inclination to favor progress and individual freedom
subtype: disinterest__neutrality tolerance attributable to a lack of involvement
subtype: intolerance.mental_attitude unwillingness to recognize and respect differences in opinions or beliefs
subtype: narrow-mindedness an inclination to criticize opposing opinions or chocking behavior
subtype: parochialism a limitation of views or interests like that defined by a local parish
subtype: pettiness.narrow-mindedness__pettines narrowness of mind or ideas or views
subtype: provincialism a lack of sophistication
subtype: sectarianism__denominationalism a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination; "he condemned religious sectarianism"
subtype: bigotry the intolerance and prejudice of a bigot
subtype: fanaticism__zealotry excessive intolerance of opposing views
subtype: respect.mental_attitude__esteem__regard an attitude of admiration or esteem; "she lost all respect for him"
subtype: estimate.respect__estimation the respect with which a person is held; "they had a high estimation of his ability"
subtype: reputation.estimate__report the general estimation that the public has for a person; "he acquired a reputation as an actor before he started writing"; "he was a person of bad report"
subtype: disrespect a disrespectful mental attitude
subtype: reverence a reverent mental attitude
subtype: irreverence an irreverent mental attitude
subtype: profaneness__profanenes an attitude of irreverence or contempt for a divinity
subtype: orientation.mental_attitude an integrated set of attitudes and beliefs
subtype: wavelength.orientation a shared orientation leading to mutual understanding; "they are on the same wavelength"
subtype: experimentalism.orientation an orientation that favors experimentation and innovation; "the children of psycholoigsts are often raised in an atmosphere of experimentalism"
subtype: reorientation a new orientation; a changed set of attitudes and beliefs
subtype: perspective__position__view a way of regarding situations or topics etc.; "consider what follows from the positivist view"
subtype: cutting_edge__cuttingedge__vanguard__forefront the position of greatest advancement; the leading position in any movement or field
subtype: paradigm.perspective the generally accepted perspective of a particular discipline at a given time; "he framed the problem within the psychoanalytic paradigm"
subtype: viewpoint__point_of_view__stand__standpoint a mental position from which things are viewed; "we should consider this problem from the viewpoint of the Russians"; "teaching history gave him a special point of view toward current events"
subtype: slant__angle a biased way of looking at or presenting something
subtype: light a particular perspective or aspect of a situation; "although he saw it in a different light, he still did not understand"
subtype: sight.perspective a range of mental vision; "in his sight she could do no wrong"
subtype: Weltanschauung__world_view__worldview a comprehensive view of the world and human life
subtype: clockwork_universe__clockworkuniverse the view that the universe resembles a clock built by God and ticking along according to Newtonian mechanics
subtype: orthodoxy.orientation a belief or orientation agreeing with conventional standards
subtype: conformism__conformity orthodoxy in thoughts and belief
subtype: conventionality.conformism conformity with conventional thought and behavior
subtype: legalism strict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit
subtype: heterodoxy__unorthodoxy__heresy any opinions or doctrines at variance with the official or orthodox position
subtype: iconoclasm the orientation of an iconoclast
subtype: nonconformance__nonconformity a lack of conformity
subtype: political_orientation__politicalorientation__ideology__political_theory__politicaltheory an orientation that characterizes the thinking of a group or nation
subtype: totalitarianism__absolutism__totalism the principle of complete and unrestricted power in government
subtype: anarchism a political theory favoring the abolition of governments
subtype: autocracy a political theory favoring unlimited authority by a single individual
subtype: Machiavellianism the political doctrine of Machiavelli: any means (however unscrupulous) can be used by a ruler in order to create and maintain his autocratic government
subtype: theocracy the belief in government by divine guidance
subtype: collectivism a political theory that the people should own the means of production
subtype: communism.political_orientation a political theory favoring collectivism in a classless society
subtype: conservatism__conservativism a political orientation advocating the preservation of the best in society and opposing radical changes
subtype: reaction.conservatism extreme conservatism in political or social matters; "the forces of reaction carried the election"
subtype: constitutionalism advocacy of a system of government according to constitutional principles
subtype: democracy the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives
subtype: social_democracy the belief in a gradual transition from capitalism to socialism by democratic means
subtype: elitism the attitude that society should be governed by an elite group of individuals
subtype: extremism any political theory favoring immoderate uncompromising policies
subtype: fascism a political theory advocating an authoritarian hierarchical government (as opposed to democracy or liberalism)
subtype: federalism the idea of a federal organization of more or less self-governing units
subtype: imperialism.political_orientation a political orientation that advocates imperial interests
subtype: liberalism a political orientation that favors progress and reform
subtype: neoliberalism a political orientation originating in the 1960s; blends liberal political views with an emphasis on economic growth
subtype: meritocracy the belief that rulers should be chosen for their superior abilities and not because of their wealth or birth
subtype: libertarianism an ideological belief in freedom of thought and speech
subtype: moderatism a moderate political orientation; an avoidance of extremes
subtype: monarchism a belief in and advocacy of monarchy as a political system
subtype: negritude an ideological position that holds Black culture to be independent and valid on its own terms
subtype: progressivism the political orientation of those who favor progress toward better conditions in government and society
subtype: radicalism the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society
subtype: Jacobinism the ideology of the most radical element of the French Revolution that instituted the Reign of Terror
subtype: reactionism the political orientation of reactionaries
subtype: republicanism the political orientation of those who hold that a republic is the best form of government
subtype: socialism a political theory advocating state ownership of industry
subtype: Fabianism (British) socialism to be established by gradual reforms within the law
subtype: guild_socialism a form of socialist theory advocating state ownership of industry but managements by guilds of workers
subtype: utopian_socialism__utopiansocialism socialism achieved by voluntary sacrifice
subtype: Utopianism the political orientation of a utopian who believes in impossibly idealistic schemes social perfection
subtype: dovishness any political orientation favoring compromise to avoid conflict
subtype: peace_advocacy__peaceadvocacy any policy that advocates maintaining peaceful international relations
subtype: hawkishness__hawkishnes any political orientation favoring aggressive policies
subtype: militarism aggressiveness that involves the threat of using military force
subtype: warmongering__war_advocacy__waradvocacy a policy of advocating war
subtype: religious_orientation__religiousorientation an attitude toward religion or religious practices
subtype: agnosticism a religious orientation of doubt; a denial of ultimate knowledge of the existence of God; "agnosticism holds that you can neither prove nor disprove God's existence"
subtype: Gnosticism a religious orientation advocating gnosis as the way to release a person's spiritual element; considered heresy by Christian churches
subtype: godlessness__godlessnes the doctrine or belief that there is no God
subtype: anti-Catholicism a religious orientation opposed to Catholicism
subtype: motivation__motive__need the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action; the reason for the action; "we did not understand his motivation"; "he acted with the best of motives"
subtype: life.motivation a motive for living; "pottery was his life"
subtype: rational_motive a motive that can be defended by reasoning or logical argument
subtype: reason.rational_motive__ground a rational motive for a belief or action; "the reason that war was declared"; "the grounds for their declaration"
subtype: occasion reason; "there was no occasion for complaint"
subtype: score.reason__account grounds; "don't do it on my account"; "the paper was rejected on account of its length"; "he tried to blame the victim but his success on that score was doubtful"
subtype: why__wherefore the cause or intention underlying an action or situation esp in the phrase "the whys and wherefores"
subtype: inducement__incentive__motivator a positive motivational influence
subtype: moral_force__moralforce__dynamic an efficient incentive; "they hoped it would act as a spiritual dynamic on all churches"
subtype: disincentive__deterrence a negative motivational influence
subtype: irrational_motive a motivation that is inconsistent with reason or logic
subtype: irrational_impulse a strong spontaneous and irrational motivation; "his first impulse was to denounce them"; "the urge to find out got him into trouble"
subtype: irresistible_impulse__compulsion an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid
subtype: mania__passion__cacoethe an irrational but irresistible motive for a belief or action
subtype: agromania an intense desire to be alone or out in the open
subtype: dipsomania__alcoholism__potomania an intense persistent desire to drink alcoholic beverages to excess
subtype: egomania an intense and irresistible love for yourself and concern for your own needs
subtype: kleptomania an irresistible impulse to steal in the absence of any economic motive
subtype: logorrhea__logomania pathologically excessive (and often incoherent) talking
subtype: monomania__possession a mania restricted to one thing or idea
subtype: necrophilia__necromania an irresistible sexual attraction to dead bodies
subtype: phaneromania an irresistible desire to pick a superficial body parts (as in obsessive nail-biting)
subtype: pyromania an uncontrollable desire to set fire to things
subtype: trichotillomania an irresistible urge to pull out your own hair
subtype: compulsion.irrational_motive__obsession an irrational motive for performing trivial or repetitive actions against your will
subtype: onomatomania obsession with a particular word which the person uses repeatedly or which intrudes into consciousness
subtype: urge__impulse an instinctive motive; "profound religious impulses"
subtype: abience (psychology) an urge to withdraw or avoid a situation or an object
subtype: adience (psychology) an urge to accept or approach a situation or an object
subtype: death_instinct__deathinstinct__death_wish__deathwish (psychoanalysis) an unconscious urge to die
subtype: wanderlust very strong or irresistible impulse to travel
subtype: ethical_motive__ethicalmotive__ethics__morals__morality motivation based on ideas of right and wrong
subtype: hedonism the pursuit of pleasure as a matter of ethical principle
subtype: scruples__conscience__moral_sense__moralsense__sense_of_right_and_wrong motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions
subtype: superego (psychoanalysis) that part of the unconscious mind that acts as a conscience
subtype: wee_small_voice__small_voice__voice_of_conscience an inner voice that judges your behavior
subtype: sense_of_shame__sense_of_duty a motivating awareness of ethical responsibility
subtype: Inner_Light__Light__Light_Within__Christ_Within a divine presence believed by Quakers to enlighten and guide the soul
subtype: psychic_energy__psychicenergy__mental_energy an actuating force or factor
subtype: incitement__provocation a means of arousing or stirring to action
subtype: signal.incitement any incitement to action; "he awaited the signal to start"; "the victory was a signal for wild celebration"
subtype: libidinal_energy__libidinalenergy (psychoanalysis) psychic energy produced by the libido
subtype: cathexis__charge (psychoanalysis) the libidinal energy invested in some idea or person or object; "Freud thought of cathexis as a psychic analog of an electrical charge"
subtype: acathexis (psychoanalysis) a lack of cathexis; a condition in which significant objects or memories arouse no emotion in an individual
subtype: unit_of_measure_for_a_psychological_attribute
subtype: Attribute
subtype: internal_attribute any attribute of an entity that is an internal property of the entity, e.g., its shape, its color, its fragility, etc
subtype: relational_attribute any attribute that an entity has by virtue of a relationship that it bears to another entity or set of entities, e.g., social_roles and positional_attributes
subtype: normative_attribute__normativeattribute attribute specific to morality, legality, aesthetics, etiquette, etc; many of such attributes express a judgement that something ought or ought not to be the case
subtype: subjective_assessment_attribute normative_attribute which lacks an objective criterion for its attribution, i.e. the attribution of such an attribute varies from subject to subject and even with respect to the same subject over time; in the SUMO, if a category from such an external knowledge source seems to lack objective criteria for its attribution, this category is assigned to this class
subtype: objective_norm__objectivenorm normative_attribute associated with an objective criterion for their attribution, i.e. there is broad consensus about the cases where these attributes are applicable
subtype: quality__Q an attribute/dimension of something, e.g., its color, but not the measure of this color
subtype: temporal_quality__TQ e.g., a date or a duration, but not its measure/value
subtype: Temporal_location__TL
subtype: physical_quality__PQ e.g., weight, color, as attributes
subtype: Spatial_location__SL
subtype: abstract_quality__AQ e.g., an asset value (but not any actual measure of this value)
subtype: type second-order type or more
subtype: class__clas rdfs#class has pm#binary_relation_type as instance and hence is different from sumo#class
subtype: class__clas classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g., the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances
subtype: datatype
subtype: restriction
subtype: all_different__alldifferent
subtype: deprecated_class
subtype: rigid__RG "all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity
subtype: leaf_type__L type without subtype
subtype: non-empty__nonempty__NEP such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance
subtype: strongly_non-empty_perdurant
subtype: situation_class__situationclas all situation types are instance of this class
subtype: sumo_process_class all SUMO process types are instance of this class
instance: process__proces__physicalsituation intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
subtype: dual_object_process process requiring two nonidentical patients
subtype: state the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
subtype: skillfulness the state of being cognitively skillful
subtype: expertness__expertise skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge
subtype: professionalism the expertness characteristic of a professional person
subtype: coordination.skillfulness the skillful and effective interaction of movements
subtype: versatility having a wide variety of skills
subtype: command.skillfulness__control__mastery great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French"
subtype: adeptness__adeptnes__adroitnes__deftness__facility__quickness__quicknes skillful performance or ability without difficulty; "his quick adeptness was a product of good design"; "he was famous for his facility as an archer"
subtype: touch.adeptness deftness in handling matters; "he has a master's touch"
subtype: finishing_touch__finishingtouch__capstone__copestone a final touch; a crowning achievement; a culmination
subtype: manual_dexterity__dexterity__sleight adroitness in using the hands
subtype: fluency skillfulness in speaking or writing
subtype: proficiency.skillfulness__technique skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; "practice greatly improves proficiency"
subtype: brushwork an artist's distinctive technique of applying paint with a brush
subtype: musketry.proficiency the technique of using small arms (especially in battle)
subtype: efficiency.skillfulness skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; "she did the work with great efficiency"
subtype: economy the efficient use of resources; "economy of effort"
subtype: cognitive_state__cognitivestate__state_of_mind the state of a person's cognitive processes
subtype: interestedness the state of being interested
subtype: amnesia__memory_loss__blackout partial or total loss of memory: "he has a total blackout for events of the evening"
subtype: anterograde_amnesia__anterogradeamnesia__posttraumatic_amnesia__posttraumaticamnesia loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma; sometimes in effect for events during and for a long time following the trauma
subtype: retrograde_amnesia loss of memory for events immediately preceding a trauma
subtype: forgetfulness__forgetfulnes tendency to forget
subtype: selective_amnesia__selectiveamnesia amnesia about particular events that is very convenient for the person who cannot remember; "why do politicians always develop selective amnesia when questioned about their transgressions?"
subtype: posthypnotic_amnesia selective amnesia after being in a hypnotic state of events occurring during hypnosis or of information designated by the hypnotist
subtype: transient_global_amnesia memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons; characterized by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment that lasts for several hours; person is otherwise alert and intellectually active
subtype: paramnesia (psychiatry) a disorder of memory in which dreams or fantasies are confused with reality
subtype: set.cognitive_state__readiness__readines (psychology) a temporary readiness to respond in a particular way; "the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution"; "his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set"
subtype: ivory_tower__ivorytower a state of mind that is discussed as if it were a place; "he lived in the ivory tower of speculation"; "they viewed universities as ivory towers"
subtype: consciousness__consciousnes an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; "he lost consciousness"
subtype: stream_of_consciousness.consciousness__streamofconsciousnes the continuous flow of ideas and feelings that constitute an individual's conscious experience
subtype: self.consciousness__ego your consciousness of your own identity
subtype: anima (Jungian psychology) the inner self (not the external persona) that is in touch with the unconscious
subtype: awareness__sentience state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; "the crash intruded on his awareness"
subtype: sensibility mental responsiveness and awareness
subtype: waking the state of remaining awake; "days of danger and nights of waking"
subtype: wakefulness__wakefulnes a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
subtype: arousal.wakefulness awakening from sleep
subtype: vigil a period of sleeplessness
subtype: unconsciousness__unconsciousnes a state lacking normal awareness of the environment
subtype: unknowingness__unknowingnes__unawarenes unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention
subtype: forgetfulness.unknowingness__forgetfulnes unawareness caused by neglectful or heedless failure to remember; "his forgetfulness increased as he grew older"
subtype: obliviousness__obliviousnes total forgetfulness; "he sought the great oblivion of sleep"
subtype: unselfconsciousness the quality of being not self-conscious; unawareness of yourself or of others' views of yourself; "he had the unselfconsciousness of a child"
subtype: blackout.unconsciousness a momentary loss of consciousness
subtype: semiconsciousness__semiconsciousnes__groggines__stupor__stupefaction marginal consciousness; "his grogginess was caused as much by exhaustion and by the blows"; "someone stole his wallet while he was in a drunken stupor"
subtype: comatoseness__coma a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury
subtype: diabetic_coma__Kussmaul's_coma coma that can develop in inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus
subtype: hepatic_coma__hepaticcoma coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
subtype: electrosleep unconsciousness brought about by the passage of a low voltage electric current through the brain
subtype: semicoma a mild comatose state; a coma from which the person can be roused by appropriate stimuli
subtype: insensibility a lack of sensibility
subtype: trance a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep
subtype: hypnotic_trance a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist
subtype: religious_trance__religioustrance__ecstaticstate a trance induced by intense religious devotion; does not show reduced bodily functions that are typical of other trances
subtype: semitrance a trance-like state in which the person can follow instructions but voluntary action is weak or absent
subtype: narcosis unconsciousness induced by narcotics or anesthesia
subtype: nitrogen_narcosis confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure"
subtype: subconsciousness a state of mind not immediately available to consciousness
subtype: curiosity__wonder a state in which you want to learn more about something
subtype: desire_to_know__lust_for_learning__thirst_for_knowledge curiosity that motivates investigation and study
subtype: interest.curiosity__involvement a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music"
subtype: enthusiasm.interest a lively interest; "enthusiasm for his program is growing"
subtype: Anglomania an excessive enthusiasm for all things English
subtype: concern something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
subtype: worldly_concern__worldlyconcern__earthly_concern__earthlyconcern__world__earth the concerns of the world as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife; "they consider the church to be independent of the world"
subtype: affair__matter__thing a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"
subtype: personal_business__affairs__affair matters of personal concern: "get his affairs in order"
subtype: part.concern so far as concerns the actor specified; "it requires vigilance on our part" or "they resisted every effort on his part"
subtype: point_of_honor a concern that seriously reflects on your honor
subtype: curiousness__curiousnes__inquisitivenes a state of active curiosity
subtype: nosiness__prying__snoopiness offensive inquisitiveness
subtype: mental_confusion__confusion__disarray a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior
subtype: disorientation confusion about what you are or what you are doing
subtype: distraction.mental_confusion mental turmoil; "he drives me to distraction"
subtype: daze__fog confusion characterized by lack of clarity
subtype: half-cock confusion resulting from lack of preparation
subtype: jamais_vu the experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar; associated with certain types of epilepsy
subtype: bewilderment__obfuscation__puzzlement__befuddlement__mystification__bafflement__bemusement confusion resulting from failure to understand
subtype: perplexity trouble or confusion resulting from complexity
subtype: mystery__enigma__secret__closed_book something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; "how it got out is a mystery"; "it remains one of nature's secrets"
subtype: maze__tangle__snarl something jumbled or confused; "a tangle of government regulations"
subtype: dilemma__quandary state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
subtype: double_bind (psychology) an unresolvable dilemma; situation in which a person receives contradictory messages from a person who is very powerful
subtype: certainty the state of being certain: "his certainty reassured the others"
subtype: self-assurance__assurance__confidence__self-confidence__authority__sureness freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority"
subtype: certitude__cocksureness__overconfidence total certainty or greater certainty that circumstances warrant
subtype: reliance.certainty__trust certainty based on past experience; "he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists"; "he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun"
subtype: uncertainty__incertitude__dubiety__doubtfulness__dubiousness__dubiousnes the state of being unsure of something
subtype: mental_reservation__reservation__arriere_pensee__arrierepensee an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly
subtype: mistrust__misgiving__distrust__suspicion doubt about someone's honesty
subtype: incredulity__disbelief__skepticism__mental_rejection doubt about the truth of something
subtype: irresolution__indecision__indecisiveness doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; "his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost"
subtype: vacillation__hesitation__wavering indecision in speech or action
subtype: suspense an uncertain cognitive state; "the matter remained in suspense for several years"
subtype: preoccupation.cognitive_state__preoccupancy__absorption__engrossment the mental state of being preoccupied by something
subtype: abstractedness__abstraction preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else
subtype: reverie__revery an abstracted state of absorption
subtype: dream.reverie a state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality; "he went about his work as if in a dream"
subtype: brown_study a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
subtype: absentmindedness preoccupation so great that the ordinary demands on attention are ignored
subtype: inwardness.cognitive_state__inwardnes preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values: "the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness"; "Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness"
subtype: outwardness.cognitive_state__outwardnes concern with outward things or material objects (especially the body and its appearance) as opposed to the mind and spirit: "hearty showmanship and all-around outwardness"
subtype: cleavage.state the state of being split or cleft
subtype: medium.state a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"
subtype: condition a mode of being or form of existence of a person or things: "the human condition"
subtype: fate__fortune__destiny__luck__lot__circumstance__portion your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you): "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate"; "has a happy lot"; "the luck of the Irish"; "a victim of circumstances"; "success that was her portion"
subtype: good_fortune__good_luck a auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes
subtype: successfulness__prosperity the condition of prospering; having good fortune
subtype: wellbeing__well-being__welfare__upbeat__eudaemonia__eudaimonia a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; "the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles"
subtype: fool's_paradise an illusory state of wellbeing
subtype: health a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; "physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients"
subtype: strength.successfulness the condition of financial success; "the strength of the company's stock in recent weeks"
subtype: success.successfulness__succes a state of prosperity or fame; "he is enjoying great success"; "he does not consider wealth synonymous with success"
subtype: big_time__bigtime the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment)
subtype: pay_dirt__paydirt a profitable success; "the inventor worked for years before hitting pay dirt"
subtype: boon__blessing a desirable state; "enjoy the blessings of peace"; "a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors"
subtype: mercy.boon something for which to be thankful; "it was a mercy we got out alive"
subtype: providence.fate a manifestation of God's foresightful care for His creatures
subtype: tough_luck__toughluck__misfortune__bad_luck__badluck__illluck an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes
subtype: weakness.tough_luck__weaknes the condition of being financially weak; "the weakness of the dollar against the yen"
subtype: adversity.tough_luck__hardship a state of misfortune or affliction: "debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity"; "a life of hardship"
subtype: ill-being__illbeing lack of prosperity or happiness or health
subtype: wretchedness__misery a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; "the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable"
subtype: living_death a state of constant misery
subtype: woe__suffering misery resulting from affliction
subtype: catastrophe__disaster a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune; "lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system"; "his policies were a disaster"
subtype: extremity.adversity an extreme condition or state (especially of adversity or disease)
subtype: bitter_end the final extremity (however unpleasant it may be); "he was determined to fight to the bitter end"
subtype: distress a state of adversity (danger or affliction or need); "a ship in distress"; "she was the classic maiden in distress"
subtype: anguish extreme distress of body or mind
subtype: throe.distress hard or painful trouble or struggle: "a country in the throes of economic collapse"
subtype: affliction.adversity a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity
subtype: cross.affliction__cros__crownofthorn any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns"
subtype: nadir.adversity__low-water_mark__lowwatermark an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything
subtype: failure.fate lack of success
subtype: bankruptcy.failure a state of complete lack of some abstract property; "spiritual bankruptcy"; "moral bankruptcy"; "intellectual bankruptcy"
subtype: bank_failure the inability of a bank to meet its credit obligations
subtype: crop_failure the failure of crops to produce a marketable surplus
subtype: amphidiploidy the condition of being amphidiploid
subtype: diploidy the condition of being diploid
subtype: haploidy the condition of being haploid
subtype: heteroploidy the condition of being heteroploid
subtype: polyploidy the condition of being polyploid
subtype: mosaicism the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
subtype: orphanage the condition of being a child without living parents; "his early orphanage shaped his character as an adult"
subtype: transsexualism condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex
subtype: condition.state__status a condition or state at a particular time: "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"
subtype: health.state the general condition of body and mind; "his delicate health"; "in poor health"
subtype: mode a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
subtype: ecological_niche__niche (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)
subtype: noise_conditions the condition of being noisy (as in a communication channel)
subtype: prepossession the condition of being prepossessed; "the king's prepossession in my favor is very valuable"
subtype: saturation.state a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
subtype: silence.state the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); "there was a shocked silence": "he gestured for silence"
subtype: situation__position a condition or position in which you find yourself: "the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils"; "found herself in a very fortunate situation"
subtype: shoes__shoe__place a particular situation: "If you were in my place what would you do?"
subtype: soup.situation (informal) an unfortunate situation; "we're in the soup now"
subtype: stymie.situation a situation in golf where an opponent's ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
subtype: ski_conditions the amount and state of snow for skiing
subtype: stigmatism (optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point
subtype: astigmatism (optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point
subtype: social_stratification__stratification the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
subtype: way.state the condition of things generally; "that's the way it is" or "I felt the same way"
subtype: ordinary.state the expected or commonplace condition or situation: "not out of the ordinary"
subtype: circumstance a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
subtype: event.circumstance__case a special set of circumstances; "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"
subtype: hinge a circumstance upon which subsequent events depend; "his absence is the hinge of our plan"
subtype: homelessness the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets)
subtype: vagrancy the state of wandering from place to place; having no permanent home or means of livelihood
subtype: reinstatement.state the condition of being reinstated; "her reinstatement to her former office followed quickly"
subtype: place.state proper or appropriate position or location; "a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen"
subtype: celibacy an unmarried status (as because of religious vows)
subtype: virginity the condition or quality of being a virgin
subtype: innocence a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense; "the trial established his innocence"
subtype: blamelessness__blamelessnes__inculpableness__guiltlessness__guiltlessnes a state of innocence
subtype: clear the state of being free of suspicion: "investigation showed that he was in the clear"
subtype: sinlessness__sinlessnes__innocence the state of being free from sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil
subtype: cleanness__cleannes without moral defects
subtype: guilt__guiltines the state of having committed an offense
subtype: blameworthiness__blameworthines__culpableness a state of guilt
subtype: bloodguilt the state of being guilty of bloodshed and murder
subtype: complicity guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense
subtype: criminalism__criminality__criminalness the state of being a criminal
subtype: guilt_by_association the attribution of guilt (without proof) to individuals because the people they associate with are guilty
subtype: impeachability__indictability the state of being liable to impeachment
subtype: encapsulation the condition of being encapsulated; "the encapsulation of tendons in membranous sheaths"
subtype: polarisation__polarization the condition of having or giving polarity
subtype: physiological_state__physiologicalstate__physiological_condition__physiologicalcondition the condition of the body or bodily functions
subtype: wakefulness__wakefulnes a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
subtype: incompatibility.physiological_state (immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
subtype: histoincompatibility incompatibility in which one person's tissue cannot be transplanted to another person
subtype: Rh_incompatibility incompatibility of Rh blood types; a transfusion of Rh-positive blood given to a Rh-negative person (or vice versa) can result in hemolysis and anemia
subtype: acathexia an inability to retain bodily secretions
subtype: angiotelectasia dilation and enlargement of arterioles
subtype: torpor__torpidity a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility; "he fell into a deep torpor"
subtype: hibernation.torpor the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter
subtype: sluggishness__lethargy__lassitude a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
subtype: hebetude mental lethargy or dullness
subtype: agalactia__agalactosis__agalactosi a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
subtype: anesthesia__anaesthesia loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
subtype: cryoanesthesia__cryoanaesthesia insensibility resulting from cold
subtype: general_anesthesia__generalanesthesia__general_anaesthesia__generalanaesthesia a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
subtype: inhalation_anesthesia general anesthesia achieved by administration of an inhalation anesthetic
subtype: twilight_sleep a state of general anesthesia in which the person retains a slight degree of consciousness; can be induced by injection of scopolamine or morphine
subtype: local_anesthesia__localanesthesia__local_anaesthesia__localanaesthesia loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
subtype: conduction_anesthesia__conduction_anaesthesia__nerve_block_anesthesia__nerveblockanesthesia__nerve_block_anaesthesia__nerveblockanaesthesia__block_anesthesia__blockanesthesia__block_anaesthesia__blockanaesthesia anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve; produced by an anesthetic agent applied to the nerve
subtype: regional_anesthesia__regional_anaesthesia loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)
subtype: acroanesthesia__acroanaesthesia loss of sensation in the extremities
subtype: caudal_anesthesia__caudal_anaesthesia__caudal_block regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal end of the spinal canal; now largely replaced by epidural anesthesia
subtype: epidural_anesthesia__epidural_anaesthesia__epidural regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery
subtype: paracervical_block regional anesthesia resulting from the injection of a local anesthetic on each side of the cervix; used during labor and childbirth
subtype: pudendal_block regional anesthesia resulting from the use of a local anesthetic to deaden the pudendal nerves in the region of the vulva and labia majora; used to ease discomfort during childbirth
subtype: spinal_anesthesia__spinal_anaesthesia__spinal anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
subtype: saddle_block_anesthesia__saddle_block_anaesthesia the parts of a patient's body that would touch a saddle if the patient were sitting in one are anesthetized by injecting a local anesthetic into the spinal cord
subtype: topical_anesthesia__topicalanesthesia__topical_anaesthesia__topicalanaesthesia loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces (as when benzocaine or lidocaine is applied to the surface)
subtype: anhidrosis__anhydrosis failure of the sweat glands
subtype: arousal a state of heightened physiological activity
subtype: alertness__alertnes a state of readiness to respond; "alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG"
subtype: emotional_arousal__emotionalarousal the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior
subtype: angriness__angrines the state of being angry
subtype: rage a state of extreme anger; "she fell into a rage and refused to answer"
subtype: excitement the state of being excited; "his face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"
subtype: excitation.arousal__innervation the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland
subtype: sexual_arousal the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior
subtype: eroticism__erotism a state of anticipation of sexuality
subtype: horniness__hornines__hotnes__hotpant (informal) a state of sexual arousal
subtype: hard-on__erection an erect penis
subtype: desire.arousal something that is desired
subtype: rage.desire__passion something that is desired intensely; "his rage for fame destroyed him"
subtype: materialism__philistinism a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters
subtype: sleep.physiological_state__slumber a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; "he didn't get enough sleep last night"; "calm as a child in dreamless slumber"
subtype: sleeping.sleep the state of being asleep
subtype: orthodox_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement_sleep__NREM_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement__NREM a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time
subtype: paradoxical_sleep__paradoxicalsleep__rapid_eye_movement_sleep__REM_sleep__rapid_eye_movement__rapideyemovement__REM a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of Rapid Eye Movements during sleep
subtype: shuteye informal term for sleep
subtype: sleep a torpid state resembling sleep
subtype: drive.physiological_state a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
subtype: hungriness__hunger a physiological need for food
subtype: bulimia pathologically insatiable hunger (especially when caused by brain lesions)
subtype: emptiness.hungriness__emptines having an empty stomach
subtype: edacity__esurience__ravenousnes__voracity__voraciousness__voraciousnes excessive desire to eat
subtype: starvation__famishment a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period
subtype: undernourishment__malnourishment not having enough food to develop or function formally
subtype: thirst a physiological need to drink
subtype: dehydration depletion of bodily fluids
subtype: polydipsia excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
subtype: sex_drive__sexdrive a physiological need for sexual activity; "testosterone is responsible for the male sex drive"
subtype: hypoxia a very strong drive resulting from a deficiency of available oxygen in the blood and bodily tissues (short of anoxia)
subtype: anemic_hypoxia hypoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
subtype: hypoxic_hypoxia__hypoxichypoxia hypoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
subtype: ischemic_hypoxia__stagnant_hypoxia hypoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
subtype: altitude_sickness effects (as nosebleed or nausea) of oxygen deficiency in the blood and tissues at high altitudes
subtype: mountain_sickness nausea and shortness of breath experienced by mountain climbers above ten thousand feet
subtype: anoxia severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
subtype: anemic_anoxia anoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
subtype: anoxic_anoxia anoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
subtype: ischemic_anoxia__stagnant_anoxia anoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
subtype: elastosis__elastosi breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)
subtype: flatulence__flatulency__gas a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal
subtype: estrus__oestrus__oestru__heat__rut applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity
subtype: anestrus__anestrum__anoestrus__anoestru__anoestrum applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus
subtype: diestrus__diestrum (of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity
subtype: hypercapnia__hypercarbia the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
subtype: hypocapnia__acapnia a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing
subtype: asphyxia a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas
subtype: oxygen_debt a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest
subtype: hyperthermia__hyperthermy abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer)
subtype: hyperpyrexia extremely high fever (especially in children)
subtype: normothermia normal body temperature
subtype: hypothermia subnormal body temperature
subtype: myasthenia any muscular weakness
subtype: sterility__infertility the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
subtype: impotence__impotency an inability (usually of a male) to copulate
subtype: erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: barrenness the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
subtype: cacogenesis inability to produce hybrids that are both viable and fertile
subtype: dysgenesis infertility between hybrids
subtype: false_pregnancy__falsepregnancy__pseudocyesis physiological state in which a woman exhibits symptoms of pregnancy but is not pregnant
subtype: pregnancy__gestation the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus
subtype: trouble.pregnancy an unwanted pregnancy; "he got several girls in trouble"
subtype: gravidity__gravidness a technical term for pregnancy
subtype: gravida.pregnancy the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in; "in her third pregnancy a woman is said to be gravida three"
subtype: parity.pregnancy__para (obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered; "the parity of the mother must be considered"; "a bipara is a woman who has given birth to two children"
subtype: ectopic_pregnancy__ectopicpregnancy__extrauterine_pregnancy__ectopic_gestation__ectopicgestation__extrauterine_gestation__eccyesis__metacyesis pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
subtype: abdominal_pregnancy__abdominalpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in the abdominal cavity
subtype: ovarian_pregnancy__ovarianpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in the ovary
subtype: tubal_pregnancy__tubalpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in a Fallopian tube
subtype: entopic_pregnancy__entopicpregnancy pregnancy resulting from normal gestation in the uterus
subtype: placenta_previa pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part); can cause bleeding late in pregnancy; delivery by cesarean section may be necessary
subtype: rigor_mortis.physiological_state__rigormorti temporary stiffness of joints and muscular rigidity occurring after death
subtype: good_health__goodhealth__healthiness__healthines the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease
subtype: haleness__wholeness__wholenes a state of robust good health
subtype: vitality__energy__vim a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; "jogging works off my excess energy"; "he seemed full of vim and vigor"
subtype: rosiness__bloom__blush__flush a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
subtype: freshness.good_health__freshnes an alert and refreshed state
subtype: radiance an attractive combination of good health and happiness; "the radiance of her countenance"
subtype: condition.good_health__shape the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases "in condition" or "in shape" or "out of condition" or "out of shape")
subtype: physical_fitness__fitness__fitnes__goodshape__goodcondition good physical condition; being in shape or in condition
subtype: fettle a state of fitness and good health; "in fine fettle"
subtype: fertility__fecundity the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
subtype: potency the state of being potent; a male's capacity to have sexual intercourse
subtype: ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
subtype: dyscrasia an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
subtype: blood_dyscrasia any abnormal condition of the blood
subtype: blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder a disease or disorder of the blood
subtype: cytopenia a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
subtype: hematocytopenia an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: pancytopenia an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
subtype: acidemia a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
subtype: alkalemia a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
subtype: acanthocytosis the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
subtype: agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
subtype: analbuminemia an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
subtype: Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
subtype: parasitemia__parasitaemia a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
subtype: hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
subtype: hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
subtype: hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
subtype: von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
subtype: afibrinogenemia the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
subtype: congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
subtype: pyemia__pyaemia septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
subtype: toxemia__toxaemia blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
subtype: fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
subtype: histiocytosis a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
subtype: Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
subtype: hydremia blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
subtype: hypothrombinemia a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
subtype: hypervolemia__hypervolaemia a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: hypovolemia a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: anemia__anaemia a deficiency of red blood cells
subtype: aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
subtype: erythroblastosis_fetalis severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
subtype: Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: favism anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
subtype: hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
subtype: hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
subtype: Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
subtype: hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
subtype: iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
subtype: chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
subtype: ischemia__ischaemia local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
subtype: ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
subtype: transient_ischemic_attack__TIA brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
subtype: macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
subtype: microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
subtype: pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
subtype: megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
subtype: metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
subtype: refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
subtype: sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
subtype: sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: leukocytosis__leucocytosis an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
subtype: leukopenia__leucopenia an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
subtype: neutropenia leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
subtype: cyclic_neutropenia neutropenia that occurs periodically
subtype: lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: microcytosis a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
subtype: polycythemia a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: purpura__peliosis any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
subtype: nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
subtype: idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
subtype: essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
subtype: uratemia presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
subtype: uricaciduria presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
subtype: illness__illnes__sickness impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
subtype: ague a fit of shivering
subtype: amyloidosis__amyloidosi a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
subtype: anuresis__anuria inability to urinate
subtype: catastrophic_illness severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
subtype: collapse an abrupt failure of function or health
subtype: crack-up__crackup__breakdown a mental or physical breakdown
subtype: nervous_breakdown__nervousbreakdown a severe or incapacitating emotional disorder
subtype: nervous_exhaustion__nervousexhaustion__nervous_prostration__nervousprostration an emotional disorder that leaves you exhausted and unable to work
subtype: neurasthenia nervous breakdown (not in technical use)
subtype: shock (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
subtype: cardiogenic_shock__cardiogenicshock shock caused by cardiac arrest
subtype: hypovolemic_shock__hypovolemicshock shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
subtype: obstructive_shock__obstructiveshock shock caused by obstruction of blood flow
subtype: distributive_shock shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow
subtype: insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_reaction__insulinreaction hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
subtype: decompression_sickness__aeroembolism__air_embolism__airembolism__gas_embolism__gasembolism__caisson_disease__caissondisease__bends__bend pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
subtype: food_poisoning__gastrointestinal_disorder illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
subtype: botulism food poisoning from ingesting botulin; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
subtype: mushroom_poisoning toxic condition caused by eating certain species of mushrooms (especially Amanita species)
subtype: ptomaine_poisoning__ptomaine a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines
subtype: salmonellosis__salmonellosi a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
subtype: lead_poisoning__plumbism__saturnism toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
subtype: disease an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
subtype: aspergillosis__aspergillosi disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs
subtype: blackwater any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells
subtype: cat_scratch_disease__catscratchdisease a disease thought to be transmitted to humans by a scratch from a cat
subtype: complication.disease any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; "bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis"
subtype: endemic_disease__endemicdisease__endemic a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
subtype: enteropathy a disease of the intestinal tract
subtype: intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
subtype: incompetence inability of a part or organ to function properly
subtype: hypogonadism incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone)
subtype: valvular_incompetence inability of a bodily valve to close completely
subtype: Kawasaki_disease__mucocutaneous_lymph_node_syndrome an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause
subtype: pycnosis__pyknosis a degenerative state of the cell nucleus
subtype: Marseilles_fever__Kenya_fever__Indian_tick_fever__boutonneuse_fever__boutonneusefever a disease (common in India and around the Mediterranean area) caused by a rickettsia that is transmitted to humans by a reddish brown tick (ixodid) that lives on dogs and other mammals
subtype: Meniere's_disease a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
subtype: milk_sickness caused by consuming milk from cattle suffering from trembles
subtype: mimesis.disease any disease that shows symptoms characteristic of another disease
subtype: myasthenia_gravis__myasthenia a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
subtype: occupational_disease__industrial_disease disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts)
subtype: onychosis__onychosi any disease or disorder of the nails
subtype: onycholysis__onycholysi separation of a nail from its normal attachment to the nail bed
subtype: rheumatism any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
subtype: periarteritis_nodosa__periarteritisnodosa__polyarteritis_nodosa__polyarteritisnodosa a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area
subtype: periodontal_disease__periodontaldisease__periodontitis__periodontiti a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth
subtype: pyorrhea_alveolaris__pyorrhea__pyorrhoea__Riggs'_disease chronic periodontitis; purulent inflammation of the teeth sockets
subtype: pericementoclasia pus pocket formation around a tooth
subtype: alveolar_resorption wasting of the bony socket
subtype: gingivitis inflammation of the gums
subtype: ulatrophia recession of the gums
subtype: liver_disease__liverdisease a disease affecting the liver
subtype: cirrhosis_of_the_liver__cirrhosis__cirrhosi a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
subtype: fatty_liver__fattyliver yellow discoloration as a result of the accumulation of certain fats (triglycerides) in the liver; can be caused by alcoholic cirrhosis or pregnancy or exposure to certain toxins
subtype: hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: viral_hepatitis__viralhepatiti hepatitis caused by a virus
subtype: hepatitis_A__infectious_hepatitis an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
subtype: hepatitis_B__serum_hepatitis an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
subtype: hepatitis_C a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
subtype: hepatitis_delta__hepatitisdelta__delta_hepatitis__deltahepatiti a severe form of hepatitis
subtype: liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: communicable_disease a disease that can be communicated from one person to another
subtype: contagious_disease__contagion any disease easily transmitted by contact
subtype: influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: Asiatic_flu influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
subtype: measles__rubeola an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
subtype: German_measles__rubella__threedaymeasle__epidemic_roseola a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
subtype: diphtheria acute contagious bacterial infection marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing
subtype: scarlet_fever__scarletfever__scarlatina an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
subtype: pox a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks
subtype: smallpox__variola a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
subtype: chickenpox__varicella an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
subtype: Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: venereal_disease__VD__social_disease__Cupid's_itch__Cupid's_disease__Venus's_curse__sexually_transmitted_disease a communicable disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
subtype: genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: gonorrhea__gonorrhoea__clap a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
subtype: granuloma_inguinale__granulomainguinale__granuloma_venereum__granulomavenereum a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
subtype: syphilis__syph__pox a common venereal disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
subtype: primary_syphilis the first stage; characterized by a chancre at the site of infection
subtype: secondary_syphilis the second stage; characterized by eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
subtype: tertiary_syphilis the third stage; characterized by involvement of internal organs especially the brain and spinal cord as well as the heart and liver
subtype: neurosyphilis__neurosyphili syphilis of the central nervous system
subtype: tabes_dorsalis__locomotor_ataxia__locomotorataxia syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
subtype: infectious_disease a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
subtype: AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: undulant_fever__brucellosis__Malta_fever__Gibraltar_fever__Rock_fever__Mediterranean_fever infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
subtype: epidemic_cholera__cholera__Asiatic_cholera__Indian_cholera an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
subtype: dengue_fever__dengue__dandy_fever__dandyfever__breakbone_fever an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
subtype: dysentery an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
subtype: amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: shigellosis__bacillary_dysentery__bacillarydysentery an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
subtype: epidemic_disease any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
subtype: plague.epidemic_disease__pestilence any epidemic disease with a high death rate
subtype: plague a serious (sometimes fatal) infection transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea (especially bubonic plague)
subtype: bubonic_plague__bubonicplague plague characterized by delirium and the formation of buboes
subtype: Black_Death__black_plague__blackplague the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
subtype: pneumonic_plague__pneumonicplague characterized by lung involvement
subtype: septicemic_plague an especially dangerous form in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream
subtype: epidemic_pleurodynia__epidemic_myalgia__myosis__diaphragmatic_pleurisy__diaphragmaticpleurisy__Bornholm_disease an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)
subtype: hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: herpes viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
subtype: herpes_simplex an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: oral_herpes__herpes_labialis__cold_sore__fever_blister__feverblister caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
subtype: genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: herpes_zoster__zoster__shingles eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
subtype: infectious_mononucleosis__mononucleosis__mononucleosi__mono__glandular_fever__glandularfever__kissing_disease__kissingdisease an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
subtype: Lassa_fever a serious contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing
subtype: leprosy__hansen'sdisease chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
subtype: tuberculoid_leprosy leprosy characterized by tumors in the skin and cutaneous nerves
subtype: lepromatous_leprosy a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
subtype: listeriosis__listeriosi an infectious disease common to many animals and occasionally transmitted to humans (especially to newborn or immunosuppressed persons)
subtype: lymphogranuloma_venereum__lymphogranulomavenereum__LGV__lymphopathia_venereum infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
subtype: meningitis infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
subtype: cerebrospinal_meningitis__epidemic_meningitis__brain_fever__brainfever__cerebrospinal_fever__cerebrospinalfever meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
subtype: leptomeningitis inflammation of the leptomeninges
subtype: mumps__mump__epidemic_parotitis an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
subtype: paratyphoid_fever__paratyphoidfever__paratyphoid any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
subtype: acute_anterior_poliomyelitis__poliomyelitis__poliomyeliti__polio__infantileparalysi an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
subtype: ratbite_fever__ratbitefever either of two infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of a rat or mouse; characterized by fever and headache and nausea and skin eruptions
subtype: Haverhill_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
subtype: sodoku__spirillum_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the Far East
subtype: rickettsial_disease__rickettsialdisease__rickettsiosis__rickettsiosi infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
subtype: typhus_fever__typhus rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
subtype: murine_typhus__rat_typhus__urban_typhus__endemic_typhus acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
subtype: spotted_fever__spottedfever any of several severe febrile diseases characterized by skin rashes or spots on the skin
subtype: Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever__mountain_fever__tick_fever caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
subtype: Q_fever an acute disease resembling influenza
subtype: ricketsialpox mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox
subtype: trench_fever marked by pain in muscles and joints and transmitted by lice
subtype: tsutsugamushi_disease__tsutsugamushidisease__scrub_typhus transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
subtype: relapsing_fever__recurrent_fever marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
subtype: rheumatic_fever a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
subtype: miliary_fever__miliaryfever__sweating_sickness epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
subtype: tuberculosis__TB__T.B. infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
subtype: Pott's_disease TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
subtype: miliary_tuberculosis acute tuberculosis characterized by the appearance of tiny tubercles on one or more organs of the body (presumably resulting from tubercle bacilli being spread in the bloodstream)
subtype: pulmonary_tuberculosis__consumption__phthisi__wasting_disease__wastingdisease__white_plague__whiteplague involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
subtype: scrofula__struma__king's_evil a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
subtype: lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: typhoid_fever__typhoidfever__typhoid__enteric_fever__entericfever serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
subtype: whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: yaws__frambesia__framboesia an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
subtype: yellow_fever__yellow_jack__black_vomit__blackvomit caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito
subtype: common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: head_cold a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
subtype: exanthema_subitum__exanthemasubitum__roseola_infantum__roseolainfantum__roseola_infantilis__pseudorubella a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
subtype: respiratory_disease__respiratorydisease__respiratory_disorder__respiratorydisorder a disease affecting the respiratory system
subtype: influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: bronchial_asthma__bronchialasthma__asthma__asthma_attack respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
subtype: status_asthmaticus a prolonged and severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatment
subtype: bronchitis inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
subtype: bronchiolitis__bronchioliti inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
subtype: chronic_bronchitis a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow
subtype: chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: pulmonary_emphysema__pulmonaryemphysema__emphysema an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
subtype: chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: pneumonia respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
subtype: bronchopneumonia__bronchial_pneumonia pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
subtype: aspiration_pneumonia bronchopneumonia resulting from foreign material (usually vomit or food particles) entering the bronchi
subtype: lobar_pneumonia pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
subtype: double_pneumonia lobar pneumonia involving both lungs
subtype: Legionnaire's_disease acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
subtype: pneumococcal_pneumonia pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
subtype: pneumocytosis__pneumocytosi__pneumocystis_pneumonia__pneumocystis_carinii_pneumonia__interstitial_plasma_cell_pneumonia pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
subtype: pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: primary_atypical_pneumonia__atypical_pneumonia__mycoplasmal_pneumonia__mycoplasmalpneumonia an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
subtype: parrot_fever__psittacosis__psittacosi__ornithosis an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
subtype: interstitial_pneumonia chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
subtype: pneumoconiosis__pneumonoconiosis chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
subtype: anthracosis__anthracosi__black_lung__blacklung__blacklungdisease__coal_miner's_lung lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
subtype: asbestosis lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
subtype: siderosis__siderosi fibrosis of the lung caused by iron dust; occurs among welders and other metal workers
subtype: silicosis__silicosi a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
subtype: respiratory_distress_syndrome_of_the_newborn__respiratory_distress_syndrome__hyaline_membrane_disease an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
subtype: genetic_disease__geneticdisease__genetic_disorder__geneticdisorder__genetic_abnormality__geneticabnormality__genetic_defect__geneticdefect__congenital_disease__inherited_disease__inheriteddisease__inherited_disorder__inheriteddisorder__hereditary_disease__hereditary_condition a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
subtype: achondroplasia__achondroplasty__osteosclerosis_congenita__chondrodystrophy an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: galactosemia a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
subtype: lysinemia an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: phenylketonuria__PKU a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
subtype: Hirschsprung's_disease__congenital_megacolon congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
subtype: mucopolysaccharidosis__mucopolysaccharidosi any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues
subtype: Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
subtype: hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: ichthyosis any of several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike (dry and scaly)
subtype: maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
subtype: McArdle's_disease an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
subtype: muscular_dystrophy__dystrophy any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
subtype: Duchenne's_muscular_dystrophy__pseudohypertrophic_dystrophy the most common form of muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive (affecting only males)
subtype: limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: myotonic_muscular_dystrophy__myotonia_atrophica__Steinert's_disease a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by facial weakness and drooping eyelids and difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips
subtype: oligodactyly congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing
subtype: oligodontia congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing
subtype: otosclerosis hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
subtype: autosomal_dominant_disease__autosomal_dominant_disorder a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
subtype: Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: malignant_hyperthermia__malignanthyperthermia hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e.g., halothane) cause high body temperatures and muscle rigidity
subtype: Marfan's_syndrome an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
subtype: neurofibromatosis__neurofibromatosi__von_Recklinghausen's_disease autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
subtype: osteogenesis_imperfecta autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily
subtype: autosomal_recessive_disease__autosomalrecessivedisease__autosomal_recessive_defect__autosomalrecessivedefect a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome
subtype: limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: thrombasthenia a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results
subtype: tyrosinemia autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation
subtype: Werdnig-Hoffman_disease autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
subtype: Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: Spielmeyer-Vogt_disease__juvenile_amaurotic_idiocy a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
subtype: congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: osteopetrosis__Albers-Schonberg_disease__marble_bones_disease an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
subtype: nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
subtype: dwarfism__nanism a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
subtype: pycnodysostosis__pycnodysostosi a form of dwarfism accompanied by fragile bones and bad teeth
subtype: lactose_intolerance__lactoseintolerance__lactase_deficiency__lactasedeficiency__milk_intolerance congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
subtype: porphyria a genetic abnormality of metabolism causing abdominal pains and mental confusion
subtype: hepatolenticular_degeneration__Wilson's_disease a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism; copper accumulates in the liver and then in the red blood cells and brain
subtype: inflammatory_disease a disease characterized by inflammation
subtype: necrotizing_enterocolitis__necrotizingenterocoliti__nec an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
subtype: gastroenteritis__stomach_flu__intestinal_flu inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
subtype: cholera_infantum__cholerainfantum often fatal form of gastroenteritis occurring in children; not true cholera but having similar symptoms
subtype: pelvic_inflammatory_disease__PID inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
subtype: empyema a collection of pus in a body cavity (especially in the lung cavity)
subtype: purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: pleurisy inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
subtype: purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: sore_throat__pharyngitis__raw_throat__rawthroat inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
subtype: streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: angina any disease of the throat or fauces marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
subtype: Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: quinsy__peritonsillar_abscess__peritonsillarabsces a painful pus-filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
subtype: croup__spasmodic_laryngitis a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
subtype: arthritis__arthriti inflammation of a joint or joints
subtype: rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: psoriatic_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
subtype: Still's_disease__juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
subtype: osteoarthritis__degenerative_arthritis__degenerative_joint_disease chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
subtype: gout__gouty_arthritis__goutyarthriti__urarthritis__urarthriti a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
subtype: spondylarthritis arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
subtype: acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: acne_rosacea__rosacea a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
subtype: acne_vulgaris the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
subtype: aspiration_penumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest)
subtype: urinary_tract_infection__urinarytractinfection any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract
subtype: cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
subtype: pyelonephritis inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis caused by bacterial infection
subtype: acute_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis resulting from the spread of a bladder infection
subtype: chronic_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis that develops slowly and can lead to renal failure if untreated; often associated with a kidney stone or with narrowing of the urinary passageways
subtype: urethritis inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination
subtype: nongonococcal_urethritis__NGU sexually transmitted urethritis (usually caused by chlamydia)
subtype: nonspecific_urethritis__NSU inflammation of the urethra of unknown cause
subtype: autoimmune_disease__autoimmune_disorder any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
subtype: Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
subtype: discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: Hashimoto's_disease autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
subtype: lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: scleroderma__dermatosclerosis an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
subtype: morphea localized scleroderma
subtype: idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: deficiency_disease any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
subtype: malnutrition a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods
subtype: avitaminosis__hypovitaminosis__hypovitaminosi any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
subtype: beriberi avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
subtype: kakke_disease the endemic form of beriberi
subtype: pellagra__Alpine_scurvy__mal_de_la_rosa__mal_rosso__malrosso__maidism__Saint_Ignatius'_itch a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
subtype: rickets__rachitis childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
subtype: scurvy a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
subtype: nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: kwashiorkor severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein
subtype: marasmus extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
subtype: zinc_deficiency a deficiency caused by inadequate zinc in the diet or by liver disease or cystic fibrosis or other diseases
subtype: fibrocystic_breast_disease__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_breast__cystic_breast_disease__cystic_mastitis the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
subtype: goiter__goitre__struma__thyromegaly abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
subtype: sandfly_fever__sandflyfever__pappataci_fever__phlebotomus a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
subtype: skin_disease__disease_of_the_skin__skin_disorder__skin_problem__skin_condition a disease affecting the skin
subtype: acantholysis a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
subtype: acanthosis an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
subtype: acanthosis_nigricans__keratosis_nigricans__keratosisnigrican a skin disease characterized by dark wart-like patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
subtype: acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: dermatosis disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)
subtype: pityriasis any of several skin disorders characterized by shedding dry flakes of skin
subtype: dandruff.pityriasis a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp
subtype: pityriasis_alba common form of pityriasis (usually in children or young adults) characterized by round patches of depigmentation
subtype: pityriasis_rosea pityriasis in which an itchy rash develops over the trunk and extremities
subtype: eczema generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
subtype: dermatitis inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
subtype: actinic_dermatitis dermatitis caused exposure to sunlight
subtype: atopic_dermatitis__atopic_eczema dermatitis characterized by atopy
subtype: contact_dermatitis a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy)
subtype: bubble_gum_dermatitis an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
subtype: Rhus_dermatitis contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
subtype: poison_ivy dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant
subtype: poison_oak dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison oak plant
subtype: poison_sumac dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison sumac plant
subtype: cradle_cap a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants
subtype: diaper_rash__diaper_dermatitis dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
subtype: hypericism a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort
subtype: neurodermatitis__neurodermatiti dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown
subtype: schistosome_dermatitis__swimmer's_itch__swimmer'sitch a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes (human or animal)
subtype: seborrheic_dermatitis__seborrheic_eczema a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
subtype: allergic_eczema eczema caused by an allergic reaction
subtype: baker's_eczema__baker'seczema allergic eczema caused by flour or other ingredients handled by bakers
subtype: eczema_herpeticum eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children
subtype: lichtenoid_eczema__chronic_eczema__chroniceczema__eczema_hypertrophicum eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
subtype: erythroderma any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
subtype: erythema abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
subtype: erythema_multiforme a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen
subtype: erythema_nodosum skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legs
subtype: erythema_nodosum_leprosum__ENL an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
subtype: hickey__love_bite a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
subtype: erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: windburn redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
subtype: flare.erythroderma reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
subtype: furunculosis acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
subtype: impetigo a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
subtype: jungle_rot skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
subtype: keratoderma any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
subtype: keratonosis any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
subtype: keratosis__keratosi a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
subtype: actinic_keratosis__actinickeratosi an overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
subtype: keratosis_blennorrhagica__keratosisblennorrhagica__keratoderma_blennorrhagica__keratodermablennorrhagica skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
subtype: keratosis_follicularis__Darier's_disease a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
subtype: keratosis_pilaris__keratosispilari keratosis characterized by hard conical elevations in the openings of sebaceous glands (especially of arms and thighs)
subtype: seborrheic_keratosis a skin condition characterized by circumscribed wartlike lesions that can be itchy and covered with a greasy crust
subtype: leukoderma a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
subtype: lichen.skin_disease any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
subtype: lichen_planus__lichen_ruber_planus an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
subtype: livedo skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
subtype: lupus__lupu any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
subtype: lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: systemic_lupus_erythematosus__SLE__disseminated_lupus_erythematosus an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
subtype: melanosis__melanosi__melanism a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
subtype: molluscum any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
subtype: molluscum_contagiosum__molluscumcontagiosum a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)
subtype: necrobiosis_lipoidica_diabeticorum__necrobiosislipoidicadiabeticorum__necrobiosis_lipoidica__necrobiosislipoidica skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
subtype: pemphigus__pemphigu a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
subtype: prurigo chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
subtype: psoriasis__psoriasi a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
subtype: rhagades cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
subtype: Saint_Anthony's_fire any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
subtype: erysipelas an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: seborrhea a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
subtype: vitiligo an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
subtype: xanthoma a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
subtype: xanthelasma xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
subtype: xanthoma_disseminatum rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
subtype: xanthomatosis__xanthomatosi__xanthoma_multiplex__cholesterosis_cutis__cholesterosiscuti__lipid_granulomatosis__lipoid_granulomatosis widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
subtype: xanthosis__xanthosi an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin
subtype: malignancy__malignance (medical) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
subtype: malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: carcinosarcoma a malignant neoplasm composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed
subtype: cancer__malignant_neoplastic_disease any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
subtype: lymphoma a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: Hodgkin's_disease a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
subtype: carcinoma any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: adenocarcinoma__glandular_cancer__glandularcancer__glandular_carcinoma__glandularcarcinoma malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
subtype: prostate_cancer__prostatic_adenocarcinoma__prostaticadenocarcinoma cancer of the prostate gland
subtype: breast_cancer cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US
subtype: carcinoma_in_situ__preinvasive_cancer__preinvasivecancer a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
subtype: colon_cancer__coloncancer a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools
subtype: embryonal_carcinoma malignant neoplasm of the testis
subtype: endometrial_carcinoma__endometrialcarcinoma__endometrial_cancer__endometrialcancer cancer of the uterine lining
subtype: malignant_hepatoma__malignanthepatoma__hepatoma__hepatocarcinoma__hepatocellular_carcinoma carcinoma of the liver
subtype: lung_cancer carcinoma of the lungs; one of the commonest forms of cancer
subtype: mesothelioma a rare form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
subtype: oat_cell_carcinoma__small_cell_carcinoma highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
subtype: oral_cancer malignant neoplasm of the lips of mouth; most common in men over the age of 60
subtype: pancreatic_cancer cancer of the pancreas
subtype: seminoma__testicular_cancer malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
subtype: skin_cancer a malignant neoplasm of the skin
subtype: cancroid__squamous_cell_carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer
subtype: epithelioma a malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue
subtype: malignant_melanoma__malignantmelanoma__melanoma any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
subtype: trophoblastic_cancer__trophoblasticcancer malignant neoplasm of the uterus derived from the epithelium of the chorion
subtype: leukemia__leukaemia__cancer_of_the_blood malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: acute_leukemia__acuteleukemia rapidly progressing leukemia
subtype: acute_lymphocytic_leukemia__acutelymphocyticleukemia__acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia__acutelymphoblasticleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
subtype: acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: chronic_leukemia__chronicleukemia slowly progressing leukemia
subtype: chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia__chroniclymphocyticleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
subtype: chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: lymphocytic_leukemia__lymphocyticleukemia leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
subtype: lymphoblastic_leukemia__lymphoblasticleukemia a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
subtype: monocytic_leukemia__monocyticleukemia__monocytic_lukaemia__monocyticlukaemia__monoblastic_leukemia__monoblasticleukemia__monoblstic_leukaemia__histiocytic_leukemia__histiocyticleukemia__histiocytic_leukaemia__histiocyticleukaemia leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
subtype: myeloblastic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by numerous myeloblasts in the blood stream
subtype: myelocytic_leukemia__granulocytic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
subtype: acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: sarcoma a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: chondrosarcoma a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
subtype: Ewing's_sarcoma__Ewing's_tumor__Ewing's_tumour__endothelial_myeloma__endothelialmyeloma malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
subtype: Kaposi's_sarcoma a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS; "until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men"
subtype: leiomyosarcoma sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate
subtype: liposarcoma sarcoma of fat cells
subtype: myosarcoma sarcoma of muscle tissue
subtype: neurosarcoma__malignant_neuroma__malignantneuroma a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
subtype: osteosarcoma__osteogenic_sarcoma malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
subtype: rhabdomyosarcoma__rhabdosrcoma a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
subtype: embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma__embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma__embryonal_rhabdosarcoma__embryonalrhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
subtype: alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma__alveolar_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occuring mainly in adolescents and young adults
subtype: pleomorphic_rhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphic_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
subtype: Wilms'_tumor__Wilms_tumour__adenomyosarcoma__nephroblastoma__embryoma_of_the_kidney malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
subtype: retinoblastoma malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
subtype: eye_disease__eyedisease any disease of the eye
subtype: glaucoma increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
subtype: acute_glaucoma__acuteglaucoma__angle-closure_glaucoma__angleclosureglaucoma glaucoma in which the iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor
subtype: chronic_glaucoma__chronicglaucoma__open-angle_glaucoma glaucoma caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; produces gradual loss of peripheral vision
subtype: keratonosus__keratonosu any disease of the cornea
subtype: trachoma a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue
subtype: leukoma eye disease consisting of an opaque white spot on the cornea
subtype: cataract clouding of the natural lens of the eye
subtype: animal_disease a disease that typically does not affect human beings
subtype: warble a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly
subtype: anaplasmosis a disease of cattle that is transmitted by cattle ticks; similar to Texas fever
subtype: brooder_pneumonia__brooderpneumonia__aspergillosis__aspergillosi severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys
subtype: bighead any of various diseases of animals characterized by edema of the head and neck
subtype: bull_nose a disease of pigs resulting in swelling of the snout
subtype: canine_chorea__chorea chorea in dogs
subtype: costiasis__costiasi a fatal disease of fresh-water fish caused by a flagellated protozoan invading the skin
subtype: cowpox__vaccinia a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
subtype: creeps.animal_disease a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait
subtype: hemorrhagic_septicemia__hemorrhagicsepticemia__pasteurellosis an acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection
subtype: fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: fowl_pest an acute viral disease of domestic fowl; characterized by refusal to each and high temperature and discoloration of the comb
subtype: hog_cholera highly infectious virus disease of swine
subtype: distemper any of various infectious diseases of animals
subtype: canine_distemper a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation
subtype: equine_distemper__strangles__strangle an acute bacterial disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes
subtype: enterotoxemia a disease of cattle and sheep that is attributed to toxins absorbed from the intestines
subtype: foot-and-mouth_disease__hoof-and-mouth_disease acute contagious disease of cloven-footed animals marked by ulcers in the mouth and around the hoofs
subtype: foot_rot contagious degenerative infection of the feet of hoofed animals (especially cattle and sheep)
subtype: black_disease__blackdisease__sheep_rot__sheeprot__liver_rot__liverrot__distomatosis a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products
subtype: heaves__broken_wind a chronic emphysema of the horse that causes difficult expiration and heaving of the flanks
subtype: red_water__redwater a disease of cattle; characterized by hematuria
subtype: rhinotracheitis__rhinotracheiti an respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cattle
subtype: rinderpest__cattle_plague an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes
subtype: scours diarrhea in livestock
subtype: bovine_spongiform_encephalitis__BSE__mad_cow_disease__madcowdisease a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
subtype: scrapie a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
subtype: shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: spavin a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness
subtype: blood_spavin__bloodspavin spavin caused by distension of the veins
subtype: bog_spavin__bogspavin spavin caused by collection of fluids
subtype: bone_spavin spavin caused by a bony growth
subtype: loco_disease__locoism a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis
subtype: mange an persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
subtype: moon_blindness__mooneye recurrent eye inflammation in horses; sometimes resulting in blindness
subtype: murrain any plaguelike disease of domestic animals
subtype: myxomatosis__myxomatosi a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits
subtype: Newcastle_disease disease of domestic fowl and other birds
subtype: pip.animal_disease a disease of poultry
subtype: psittacosis__psittacosi__parrot_disease infectious disease of birds
subtype: pullorum_disease__bacillary_white_diarrhea__bacillarywhitediarrhea__bacillary_white_diarrhoea__bacillarywhitediarrhoea a serious bacterial disease of young chickens
subtype: saddle_sore.animal_disease__saddlesore__gall an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle
subtype: sand_crack a fissure in the wall of a horse's hoof often causing lameness
subtype: toe_crack__toecrack a crack on the forepart of a horse's hindfoot
subtype: quarter_crack__quartercrack a crack on the inside of a horse's forefoot
subtype: sweating_sickness a disease of cattle (especially calves)
subtype: Texas_fever an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by the cattle tick
subtype: trembles__milk_sickness disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot
subtype: zoonosis an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: actinomycosis__actinomycosi disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
subtype: cervicofacial_actinomycosis__cervicofacialactinomycosi__lumpy_jaw__lumpyjaw the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
subtype: thoracic_actinomycosis a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
subtype: abdominal_actinomycosis__abdominalactinomycosi a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
subtype: anthrax__splenic_fever__splenicfever a highly infectious animal disease (especially cattle and sheep); it can be transmitted to people
subtype: brucellosis__contagious_abortion__Bang's_disease an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings
subtype: glanders a destructive and contagious bacterial disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: Lyme_disease__Lyme_arthritis an acute inflammatory disease characterized by a rash with joint swelling and fever; caused by bacteria carried by the bite of a deer tick
subtype: Marburg_disease__Marburg-ebola_disease__green_monkey_disease a viral disease of green monkeys; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
subtype: rabies__hydrophobia__madness an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain
subtype: swamp_fever__swampfever__leptospirosis__leptospirosi an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
subtype: canicola_fever an acute feverish disease in people and in dogs marked by gastroenteritis and mild jaundice
subtype: Weil's_disease a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
subtype: tularemia__tularaemia__rabbit_fever__deer_fly_fever__yatobyo disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals
subtype: plant_disease__plantdisease a disease that affects plants
subtype: blight any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
subtype: alder_blight__alderblight a disease of alders caused by the woolly alder aphid (a plant louse)
subtype: apple_blight__appleblight__apple_canker__applecanker a disease of apple trees
subtype: beet_blight a disease of beet plants
subtype: blister_blight__blisterblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: blister_blight.blight__blisterblight a disease of Scotch pines
subtype: cane_blight a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
subtype: chestnut_blight__chestnut_canker__chestnut-bark_disease a disease of American chestnut trees
subtype: coffee_blight a blight affecting the coffee plant
subtype: collar_blight a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
subtype: halo_spot__halo_blight__bean_blight a blight of bean plants
subtype: halo_blight a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
subtype: head_blight a blight of the heads of cereals
subtype: wheat_scab__wheatscab a disease of the heads of wheat plants
subtype: late_blight blight in which symptoms appear late in the growing season especially a disease of solanaceous plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans
subtype: celery_blight a fungous leaf spot disease of the celery plant
subtype: leaf_blight any blight causing a browning and falling of the leaves of a plant
subtype: fire_blight__pear_blight a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
subtype: blight_canker a phase of fire blight in which cankers appear
subtype: needle_blight__needle_cast__leaf_cast a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
subtype: peach_blight__peachblight a disease of trees bearing drupes
subtype: potato_blight__potato_mold__potato_disease__potato_mildew__potato_murrain a blight of potatoes
subtype: rim_blight__rimblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: spinach_blight__spinachblight a disease of spinach plants
subtype: spur_blight a disease of raspberries
subtype: stem_blight a fungous blight attacking the stems of plants
subtype: stripe_blight a disease of oats
subtype: thread_blight a disease of tropical woody plants(cocoa or tea or citrus)
subtype: tomato_blight__tomato_yellows a disease of tomato plants
subtype: twig_blight a disease of the ends of twigs of woody plants
subtype: walnut_blight a disease of English walnut trees
subtype: rust a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems caused by a rust fungus
subtype: white_pine_blister_rust__whitepineblisterrust__blister_rust__blisterrust__white-pine_rust__whitepinerust any of several diseases of pines caused by rust fungi of the genus Cronartium and marked by destructive invasion of bark and sapwood and producing blisters externally
subtype: blackheart any of various diseases in which the central tissues blacken
subtype: black_knot__blackknot disease of plum and cherry trees characterized by black excrescences on the branches
subtype: black_rot__blackrot a fungous disease causing darkening and decay of the leaves of fruits and vegetables
subtype: black_spot__blackspot any of several fungous diseases of plants that produce small black spots on the plant
subtype: bottom_rot fungous disease of lettuce that first rots lower leaves and spreads upward
subtype: brown_rot__brownrot any of certain fungous diseases of plants characterized by browning and decay of tissues
subtype: brown_rot_gummosis__gummosis disease of citrus trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora citrophthora
subtype: ring_rot__ring_disease__tobacco_wilt__tobaccowilt disease of tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum
subtype: gummosis pathological production of gummy exudates in citrus and various stone-fruit trees
subtype: cotton_ball a fungus disease of cranberries
subtype: crown_gall__crowngall a bacterial disease of plants (especially pome and stone fruits and grapes and roses) which forms excrescences on the stem near the ground
subtype: hairy_root__hairyroot a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
subtype: crown_wart__crownwart a fungous disease of alfalfa which forms white excrescences at the base of the stem
subtype: damping_off__dampingoff a plant disease caused by a fungus; diseased condition of seedlings in excessive moisture
subtype: dieback a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches
subtype: dry_rot.plant_disease__dryrot a crumbling and drying of timber or bulbs or potatoes or fruit caused by a fungus
subtype: heartrot any plant disease in which the central part of a plant rots (especially in trees)
subtype: mosaic.plant_disease viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes; potatoes; tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
subtype: potato_mosaic a disease of the leaves of potato plants
subtype: tobacco_mosaic__tobaccomosaic a plant disease causing discoloration of the leaves of tobacco plants
subtype: rhizoctinia_disease__rhizoctiniadisease disease caused by rhizoctinia or fungi of Pellicularia and Corticium
subtype: little_potato__rosette__russet_scab__stem_canker rhizoctinia disease of potatoes
subtype: pink_disease serious bark disease of many tropical crop trees (coffee; citrus; rubber); branches have a covering of pink hyphae
subtype: potato_wart fungous disease causing dark warty spongy excrescences in the eyes of potato tubers
subtype: root_rot disease characterized by root decay; caused by various fungi
subtype: sweet-potato_ring_rot disease of sweet potatoes in which roots are girdled by rings of dry rot
subtype: sclerotium_disease__sclerotium_rot plant disease cause by fungi of the genus Sclerotium; also one in which sclerotia are formed
subtype: Dutch_elm_disease disease of elms caused by a fungus
subtype: ergot a plant disease caused by the ergot fungus
subtype: foot_rot.plant_disease__footrot plant disease in which the stem or trunk rots at the base
subtype: pinkroot a fungal disease of onions
subtype: wilt_disease__wilt any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots
subtype: granville_wilt__granvillewilt a bacterial wilt of tobacco plants
subtype: fusarium_wilt caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium
subtype: verticilliosis caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium
subtype: smut destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores
subtype: loose_smut.smut__loosesmut disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores
subtype: stinking_smut__bunt disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores
subtype: flag_smut smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
subtype: green_smut__greensmut__false_smut__falsesmut disease of rice; grains covered by a green powder consisting of conidia
subtype: soft_rot mushy or slimy decay of plants caused by bacteria or fungi
subtype: leak.soft_rot soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
subtype: yellow_dwarf any of several virus diseases of plants characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves
subtype: yellow_dwarf_of_potato__potato_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of potato plants
subtype: onion_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of onion plants
subtype: yellow_spot any of several fungous or viral diseases characterized by yellow spotting on the leaves
subtype: tomato_streak disease of a wide range of plants (tomatoes; potatoes; peas) resulting from a mixed infection of potato and tomato mosaic
subtype: ozena__ozaena a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures
subtype: filariasis a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels
subtype: hypermotility excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: indisposition a slight illness
subtype: ozone_sickness illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
subtype: toxemia_of_pregnancy__toxaemia_of_pregnancy__toxemia__toxaemia an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
subtype: eclampsia a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
subtype: preeclampsia__pre-eclampsia__preeclampsia abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
subtype: growth.illness (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
subtype: exostosis__exostosi a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)
subtype: polypus__polyp a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
subtype: adenomatous_polyp__adenomatouspolyp a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium; "adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum"
subtype: sessile_polyp__sessilepolyp a relatively flat polyp
subtype: pedunculated_polyp a polyp with a stalk or peduncle
subtype: peduncle.growth the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
subtype: tumor__tumour__neoplasm an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
subtype: acanthoma__skin_tumor a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
subtype: keratoacanthoma skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar
subtype: adenoma a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
subtype: fibroadenoma benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen
subtype: angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: hemangioma__haemangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
subtype: strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
subtype: lymphangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
subtype: spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
subtype: benign_tumor__benign_tumour__nonmalignant_tumor__nonmalignant_tumout__nonmalignant_neoplasm a tumor that is not cancerous
subtype: chondroma a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
subtype: myxoma a benign tumor of connective tissue containing jellylike material
subtype: osteoblastoma benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)
subtype: osteochondroma benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
subtype: blastoma__blastocytoma__embryonal_carcinosarcoma__embryonalcarcinosarcoma a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
subtype: brain_tumor__braintumor__brain_tumour__braintumour a tumor in the brain
subtype: glioblastoma__spongioblastoma a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
subtype: glioma a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia
subtype: carcinoid a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin
subtype: celioma an abdominal tumor
subtype: enchondroma benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
subtype: fibroma nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue
subtype: fibroid_tumor__fibroidtumor benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
subtype: granuloma a tumor composed of granulation tissue resulting from injury or inflammation or infection
subtype: gumma a small rubbery granuloma that is characteristic of an advanced stage of syphilis
subtype: lipoma__adipose_tumor__adiposetumor a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
subtype: malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: meningioma a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant
subtype: myeloma a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
subtype: multiple_myeloma myeloma that develops in several places at the same time
subtype: myoma a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue
subtype: leiomyoma benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
subtype: rhabdomyoma benign rumor of striated muscle
subtype: neurinoma tumor (usually benign) of the sheath surrounding a nerve
subtype: neuroblastoma malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly
subtype: neuroepithelioma malignant tumor of the neuroepithelium
subtype: neurofibroma__neurilemoma tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
subtype: neuroma any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
subtype: osteoma a tumor of bone tissue
subtype: papilloma__villoma__papillary_tumor__papillarytumor__papillary_tumour__papillarytumour a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
subtype: pheochromocytoma__phaeochromocytoma a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
subtype: pinealoma tumor of the pineal gland
subtype: plasmacytoma neoplasm of plasma cells (usually in bone marrow)
subtype: psammoma__sand_tumor a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sand-like particles
subtype: teratoma a tumor consisting of a mixture of tissues not normally found at that site
subtype: hamartoma a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
subtype: invalidism chronic ill health
subtype: biliousness gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
subtype: infection invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation
subtype: enterobiasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
subtype: felon__whitlow a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
subtype: focal_infection__focalinfection bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
subtype: fungal_infection__mycosis__mycosi an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
subtype: blastomycosis__blastomycosi any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
subtype: chromoblastomycosis__chromoblastomycosi a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
subtype: tinea__ringworm__roundworm infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
subtype: dhobi_itch__dhobiitch fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
subtype: kerion ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that is usually results in a pustule-covered swelling that oozes fluid
subtype: tinea_pedis__tineapedi__athlete's_foot__athlete'sfoot fungal infection of the feet
subtype: tinea_barbae__tineabarbae__barber's_itch fungal infection of the face and neck
subtype: tinea_capitis__tineacapiti fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
subtype: tinea_corporis fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
subtype: tinea_cruris__jock_itch__eczema_marginatum fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
subtype: tinea_unguium__tineaunguium fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
subtype: coccidioidomycosis__coccidiomycosis__valley_fever__desert_rheumatism an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
subtype: cryptococcosis a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
subtype: candidiasis__candidiasi__moniliasis__monilia_disease__moniliadisease an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
subtype: thrush.candidiasis candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
subtype: dermatomycosis__dermatophytosis__dermatophytosi fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
subtype: favus__favu a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
subtype: keratomycosis__keratomycosi fungal infection of the cornea
subtype: phycomycosis any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
subtype: sporotrichosis a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
subtype: rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: opportunistic_infection__opportunisticinfection any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
subtype: aspergillosis.opportunistic_infection__aspergillosi an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs
subtype: paronychia infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
subtype: protozoal_infection__protozoalinfection any infection caused by a protozoan
subtype: malaria an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever
subtype: blackwater_fever severe and often fatal malaria characterized by kidney damage resulting in dark urine
subtype: jungle_fever severe form of malaria occurring in tropical regions
subtype: amebiasis__amebiasi__amoebiasis__amebiosis__amebiosi__amoebiosis infection by a disease-causing ameba
subtype: amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: giardiasis infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
subtype: leishmaniasis__leishmaniasi__leishmaniosis__leishmaniosi sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania
subtype: visceral_leishmaniasis__kala-azar__Assam_fever__dumdum_fever leishmaniasis of the viscera
subtype: cutaneous_leishmaniasis__Old_World_leishmaniasis__oriental_sore__tropical_sore__Delhi_boil__Aleppo_boil leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
subtype: mucocutaneous_leishmaniasis__mucocutaneousleishmaniasi__New_World_leishmaniasis__newworldleishmaniasi__American_leishmaniasis__leishmaniasis_americana__leishmaniasisamericana__nasopharyngeal_leishmaniasis a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
subtype: trichomoniasis infection of the vagina
subtype: respiratory_tract_infection__respiratorytractinfection__respiratory_infection__respiratoryinfection any infection of the respiratory tract
subtype: lower_respiratory_infection__lowerrespiratoryinfection infection of the lower respiratory tract
subtype: upper_respiratory_infection__upperrespiratoryinfection infection of the upper respiratory tract
subtype: scabies__itch a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch"
subtype: schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
subtype: sepsis the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
subtype: blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: sapremia__sapraemia blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrified matter
subtype: sore an open skin infection
subtype: blain an inflammatory swelling or sore
subtype: chilblain__chilblains__pernio inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
subtype: kibe ulcerated chilblain on the heel
subtype: chancre a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)
subtype: fester__suppurating_sore__suppuratingsore a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
subtype: gall.sore a skin sore caused by chafing
subtype: saddle_sore sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
subtype: staphylococcal_infection an infection with Staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
subtype: furuncle__boil a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
subtype: gumboil a boil or abscess on the gums
subtype: carbuncle an infection larger than a boil and with several openings for discharge of pus
subtype: streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: sty__stye__hordeolum__eye_infection__eyeinfection an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
subtype: superinfection infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
subtype: suprainfection secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
subtype: tapeworm_infection intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
subtype: lockjaw__tetanus__tetanu an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
subtype: toxoplasmosis__toxoplasmosi infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
subtype: viral_infection__viralinfection__virus_infection__virusinfection infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
subtype: hemorrhagic_fever__hemorrhagicfever__haemorrhagic_fever a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
subtype: herpangia a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time
subtype: Rift_Valley_fever a viral infection common in Africa; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
subtype: viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: heatstroke__heat_hyperpyrexia collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
subtype: heat_exhaustion__heat_prostration__prostration a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
subtype: sunstroke__insolation__thermic_fever__thermicfever__siriasis sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
subtype: pathology any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
subtype: acidosis abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
subtype: metabolic_acidosis acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
subtype: respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
subtype: starvation_acidosis acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
subtype: alkalosis__alkalosi abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
subtype: respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
subtype: ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
subtype: arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia an abnormal distension of an artery
subtype: asynergy__asynergia absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
subtype: asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
subtype: diverticulosis presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
subtype: flux.pathology excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
subtype: fluorosis__fluorosi a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
subtype: gammopathy a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
subtype: glossolalia repetitive nonsense speech
subtype: angiopathy any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
subtype: angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: angiitis inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
subtype: idiopathic_disease__idiopathy any disease of unknown cause
subtype: aphagia loss of the ability to swallow
subtype: stenosis__stricture abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
subtype: aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: enterostenosis abnormal narrowing of the intestine
subtype: Laryngostenosis abnormal narrowing of the larynx
subtype: pulmonary_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
subtype: pyloric_stenosis narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi stenosis of the ureter
subtype: atherogenesis__atherogenesi the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
subtype: ascites__ascite accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
subtype: azymia absence of an enzyme
subtype: bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
subtype: sclerosis__sclerosi__induration any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
subtype: disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
subtype: arteriolosclerosis sclerosis of the arterioles
subtype: arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease sclerosis of the arterial walls
subtype: atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
subtype: arteriosclerosis_obliterans a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
subtype: osteosclerosis abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
subtype: lipomatosis__lipomatosi pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
subtype: lithiasis__lithiasi the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
subtype: cholelithiasis the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
subtype: enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi the presence of calculi in the intestines
subtype: nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
subtype: nephrocalcinosis renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
subtype: cartilaginification abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
subtype: cyst a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
subtype: dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
subtype: galactocele a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
subtype: hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst a cyst containing blood
subtype: cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
subtype: hydatid cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
subtype: nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
subtype: ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
subtype: ranula a cyst on the underside of the tongue
subtype: sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
subtype: chalazion__Meibomian_cyst a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
subtype: endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
subtype: adhesion abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
subtype: symphysis.adhesion__symphysi an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
subtype: synechia adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
subtype: anterior_synechia adhesion between the iris and the cornea
subtype: posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia adhesion between the iris and the lens
subtype: hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
subtype: classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi inherited form of hemochromatosis
subtype: acquired_hemochromatosis hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
subtype: infarct__infarction localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
subtype: myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
subtype: macrocytosis the presence of macrocytes in the blood
subtype: fibrosis development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
subtype: cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi fibrosis of the bone marrow
subtype: malacia a state of abnormal softening of tissue
subtype: osteomalacia abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
subtype: neuropathy any pathology of the peripheral nerves
subtype: mononeuropathy any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
subtype: multiple_mononeuropathy pathology of several individual nerve trunks
subtype: myopathy any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
subtype: osteoporosis abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
subtype: priapism condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
subtype: demineralization__demineralisation abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
subtype: pyorrhea__pyorrhoea discharge of pus
subtype: uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
subtype: azoturia excess of urea in the urine
subtype: lesion any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
subtype: tubercle a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
subtype: ulcer__ulceration a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
subtype: aphthous_ulcer a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
subtype: bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
subtype: chancroid infectious venereal ulcer
subtype: peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
subtype: duodenal_ulcer a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
subtype: gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer a peptic ulcer of the stomach
subtype: canker an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
subtype: noli-me-tangere a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
subtype: noma acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
subtype: gangrene__sphacelus__slough necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
subtype: palilalia a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
subtype: reflux an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
subtype: gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
subtype: hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
subtype: ureterorenal_reflux a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
subtype: vesicoureteral_reflux a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
subtype: otorrhea discharge from the external ear
subtype: rhinopathy any disease or malformation of the nose
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
subtype: rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: hydronephrosis accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
subtype: atelectasis collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
subtype: anoxemia abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
subtype: coprolalia an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
subtype: autoimmunity production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
subtype: dysfunction (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
subtype: erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: paralysis__paralysi__palsy loss of the ability to move a body part
subtype: akinesis__akinesia motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
subtype: alalia paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
subtype: cystoplegia__cystoparalysis paralysis of the urinary bladder
subtype: diplegia paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
subtype: Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
subtype: monoplegia paralysis of a single limb
subtype: ophthalmoplegia paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
subtype: paresis__paresi a slight or partial paralysis
subtype: paraparesis__paraparesi a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
subtype: paraplegia paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
subtype: hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis paralysis of one side of the body
subtype: quadriplegia paralysis of both arms and both legs
subtype: sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
subtype: carotenemia excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
subtype: stasis.pathology an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
subtype: uropathy any pathology of the urinary tract
subtype: kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis a disease affecting the kidneys
subtype: nephritis__Bright's_disease an inflammation of the kidney
subtype: glomerulonephritis nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
subtype: nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
subtype: polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
subtype: polyuria renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
subtype: renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
subtype: chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
subtype: renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
subtype: varicosis__varicosi pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
subtype: viremia__viraemia the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
subtype: volvulus abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
subtype: affliction.ill_health a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
subtype: deformity__malformation__misshapenness__misshapennes an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
subtype: Arnold-Chiari_deformity deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
subtype: clawfoot__pes_cavus__pescavu a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
subtype: cleft_foot__cleftfoot a deformity in which the space between the third and fourth toes extends up into the foot
subtype: clubfoot__talipes__talipe congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
subtype: talipes_valgus deformity of the foot in which the foot is twisted outward
subtype: talipes_equinus__talipesequinu talipes in which the toes are pointed downward
subtype: talipes_calcaneus__talipescalcaneu talipes in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks on the heel of the foot
subtype: pigeon_breast__chicken_breast__chickenbreast abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
subtype: plagiocephaly congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
subtype: scaphocephaly congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
subtype: harm__injury__hurt__trauma any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
subtype: bleeding__hemorrhage__haemorrhage flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels
subtype: hemorrhagic_stroke__hemorrhagicstroke__haemorrhagic_stroke stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
subtype: cerebral_hemorrhage bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain
subtype: blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
subtype: hyphema bleeding into the interior chamber of the eye
subtype: metrorrhagia bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)
subtype: nosebleed__epistaxis__epistaxi bleeding from the nose
subtype: ulemorrhagia bleeding of the gums
subtype: bruise__contusion an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
subtype: ecchymosis.bruise the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
subtype: petechia a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
subtype: black_eye__blackeye__shiner a bruise caused by a blow to the eye
subtype: bump a lump on the body caused by a blow
subtype: burn.harm an injury cause by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
subtype: electric_burn a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
subtype: singe__scorch a surface burn
subtype: scald.burn a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
subtype: first-degree_burn burn causing redness of the skin surface
subtype: erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: second-degree_burn burn causing blisters on the skin and superficial destruction of the dermis
subtype: third-degree_burn burn characterized by destruction of both epidermis and dermis
subtype: dislocation a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
subtype: abarticulation dislocation of a joint
subtype: diastasis separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone
subtype: spondylolisthesis__spondylolisthesi a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
subtype: electric_shock.harm__electricshock trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
subtype: fracture__break breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall"
subtype: comminuted_fracture fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
subtype: complete_fracture break involving the entire width of the bone
subtype: compound_fracture__open_fracture bone fracture associated with lacerated soft tissue or an open wound
subtype: compression_fracture__compressionfracture fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
subtype: depressed_fracture__depressedfracture fracture of the skull where the bone is pushed in
subtype: displaced_fracture__displacedfracture fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another
subtype: fatigue_fracture__fatiguefracture__stress_fracture fracture resulting from excessive activity rather than a specific injury
subtype: incomplete_fracture fracture that does not go across the entire width of the bone
subtype: greenstick_fracture a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children); the bone is bent but broken on only one side
subtype: impacted_fracture fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end
subtype: simple_fracture__closed_fracture an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones to not pierce the skin
subtype: frostbite__cryopathy destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
subtype: trenchfoot__immersion_foot__immersionfoot resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet
subtype: intravasation entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
subtype: pinch an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
subtype: rupture.harm state of being torn or burst open
subtype: hernia__herniation rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
subtype: colpocele__vaginocele hernia projecting into the vagina
subtype: cystocele__colpocystocele hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth
subtype: rectocele__proctocele protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth
subtype: diverticulum a herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ (especially the colon)
subtype: Meckel's_diverticulum a congenital diverticulum in the ileum resulting from incomplete closure of the yolk sac
subtype: eventration protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall
subtype: exomphalos an umbilical hernia at birth in which some abdominal organs push into the umbilical cord
subtype: hiatus_hernia__hiatal_hernia__diaphragmatic_hernia__diaphragmatichernia hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
subtype: inguinal_hernia hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males
subtype: keratocele hernia of the cornea
subtype: laparocele hernia through the abdomen
subtype: umbilical_hernia__umbilicalhernia__omphalocele protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth
subtype: herniated_disc__herniateddisc__ruptured_intervertebral_disc__slipped_disc__slippeddisc a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
subtype: insect_bite__sting__bite a painful wound caused by the thrust of a stinger into skin
subtype: bee_sting__beesting a sting inflicted by a bee
subtype: flea_bite.insect_bite__fleabite sting inflicted by a flea
subtype: mosquito_bite a sting inflicted by a mosquito
subtype: strain.harm injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
subtype: whiplash_injury__whiplash an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
subtype: wale__welt__weal__wheal a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
subtype: wound__lesion any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision
subtype: raw_wound__rawwound a wound that exposes subcutaneous tissue
subtype: stigmata marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
subtype: scratch__scrape__excoriation an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
subtype: graze a superficial abrasion
subtype: rope_burn abrasion (usually on the hands) caused by friction from a rope
subtype: cut.wound__gash__slash__slice a wound made by cutting; "he put a bandage over the cut"
subtype: laceration.wound a torn ragged wound
subtype: bite a wound resulting from biting
subtype: dog_bite__dogbite a bite inflicted by a dog
subtype: snakebite a bite inflicted by a (venomous) snake
subtype: wrench__twist__pull a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; "the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"; "he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
subtype: sprain a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
subtype: poor_shape__unfitness__unfitnes__badcondition poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition
subtype: infirmity__frailty__debility__feebleness__frailness__frailnes the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
subtype: asthenia__astheny an abnormal loss of strength
subtype: cachexia__cachexy__wasting any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
subtype: disability__disablement__handicap__impairment the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; "reading disability"; "hearing impairment"
subtype: bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara__tibiavara a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
subtype: anorgasmia absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
subtype: disability_of_walking a disability that interferes with or prevents walking
subtype: abasia inability to walk
subtype: abasia_trepidans abasia due to trembling of the legs
subtype: atactic_abasia__atacticabasia__ataxic_abasia abasia due to ataxia of the legs
subtype: choreic_abasia__choreicabasia abasia related to abnormal movements of the legs
subtype: paralytic_abasia__paralyticabasia abasia related to paralysis of the leg muscles
subtype: paroxysmal_trepidant_abasia abasia related to spasticity of the legs
subtype: spastic_abasia__spasticabasia abasia due to spastic contractions of the leg muscles
subtype: lameness__limping__gimp__gimpiness__gimpines__gamenes__claudication disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet
subtype: intermittent_claudication lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate; pain subsides with rest
subtype: astasia inability to stand due to muscular incoordination
subtype: amputation.disability a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs
subtype: hearing_impairment__hearingimpairment__hearing_loss impairment of the sense of hearing
subtype: deafness partial or complete loss of hearing
subtype: tone_deafness an inability to distinguish differences in pitch
subtype: deaf-mutism__deaf-muteness congenital deafness that results in inability to speak
subtype: conductive_hearing_loss__conduction_deafness__middle-ear_deafness hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear
subtype: sensorineural_hearing_loss__nerve_deafness hearing loss due to failure of the auditory nerve
subtype: dysomia impairment of the sense of smell
subtype: anosmia absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
subtype: hyposmia lessened sensitivity to odors
subtype: visual_impairment__visual_defect__vision_defect__visual_disorder impairment of the sense of sight
subtype: amaurosis__amaurosi partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
subtype: amblyopia visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
subtype: ametropia (ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
subtype: myopia__nearsightedness__nearsightednes__shortsightednes (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
subtype: astigmia__astigmatism (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea
subtype: keratectasia abnormal bulging of the cornea of the eye
subtype: keratoconus__keratoconu abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea of the eye; can be treated by epikeratophakia
subtype: hyperopia__hypermetropia__hypermetropy__farsightedness__longsightedness__longsightednes abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
subtype: presbyopia farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
subtype: aniseikonia visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
subtype: anorthopia distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
subtype: aphakia absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
subtype: blindness__blindnes__sightlessnes lack of sight
subtype: anopia sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
subtype: snowblindness__snowblindnes temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
subtype: eyelessness__eyelessnes blindness due to loss of the eyes
subtype: figural_blindness__figuralblindnes inability to see shapes and contours
subtype: color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
subtype: dichromacy__dichromatism__dichromatopsia__dichromia__dichromasy a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
subtype: red-green_dichromacy__redgreendichromacy__red-gree_color_blindness confusion of red and green
subtype: deuteranopia__Daltonism__green-blindness dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
subtype: protanopia__red-blindness__redblindnes dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
subtype: yellow-blue_dichromacy__yellow-blue_color_blindness confusion of yellow and blue
subtype: tetartanopia__yellow-blindness a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
subtype: tritanopia__blue-blindness rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
subtype: monochromacy__monochromatism__monochromatic_vision__monochromaticvision__monochromia__monochromasy complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
subtype: diplopia__double_vision visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects; "diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered"
subtype: hemeralopia__dayblindnes inability to see clearly in bright light
subtype: hemianopia__hemianopsia blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
subtype: quadrantanopia blindness in one fourth of the visual field
subtype: metamorphopsia a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
subtype: nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: photoretinitis damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
subtype: retinal_detachment__retinaldetachment__detachment_of_the_retina__detached_retina visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
subtype: tunnel_vision visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
subtype: xanthopsia visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
subtype: prolapse__prolapsus__prolapsu__descensus__descensu the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus)
subtype: enteroptosis an abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity
subtype: glossoptosis abnormal downward or back placement of the tongue
subtype: metroptosis__descensus_uteri prolapse of the uterus
subtype: nephroptosis__nephroptosia prolapse of the kidney
subtype: ptosis drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
subtype: ureterocele prolapse of the end of the ureter into the bladder; may obstruct urine flow
subtype: urethrocele prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
subtype: hypoesthesia__hypesthesia impairment of tactile sensitivity; decrease of sensitivity
subtype: knock-knee__knockknee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga__tibiavalga by inward slant of the thigh
subtype: pigeon_toes disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee
subtype: bow_leg__bowleg__bow_legs__bandy_legs outward curvature of the legs
subtype: cellularity the state of having cells
subtype: hypercellularity the state of having abnormally many cells
subtype: hypocellularity the state of having abnormally few cells
subtype: dependence__addiction__dependency being abnormally dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
subtype: drug_addiction__white_plague__whiteplague an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)
subtype: alcoholism__alcohol_addiction__alcoholaddiction__drunkenness__drunkennes prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms
subtype: cocaine_addiction__cocaineaddiction an addiction to cocaine
subtype: heroin_addiction an addiction to heroin
subtype: caffein_addiction__caffeinaddiction an addiction to caffein
subtype: nicotine_addiction an addiction to nicotine
subtype: suspended_animation__suspendedanimation a temporary cessation of vital functions with loss of consciousness resembling death; usually resulting from asphyxia
subtype: anabiosis__anabiosi suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns
subtype: cryptobiosis a state in which an animal's metabolic activities come to a reversible standstill
subtype: dilatation__distension the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions
subtype: ectasia__ectasis__ectasi dilatation or distension of a hollow organ
subtype: lymphangiectasia__lymphangiectasis dilatation of a lymph vessel
subtype: alveolar_ectasia abnormal enlargement of the air sacs in the lungs
subtype: varicocele dilatation of the veins associated with the spermatic cord in the testes
subtype: emmetropia (ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina
subtype: sedation a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
subtype: hyperpigmentation unusual darkening of the skin
subtype: suntan__tan__sunburn__burn a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: hypopigmentation unusual lack of skin color
subtype: albinism the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
subtype: amyxia a condition in which no mucus in produced
subtype: cold_sweat concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear
subtype: obstruction.physiological_state__blockage the state or condition of being obstructed
subtype: intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
subtype: tamponade__tamponage blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)
subtype: cardiac_tamponade__cardiactamponade mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion
subtype: toxic_condition__toxiccondition__poisoning the physiological state produced by a poison or a toxic substance
subtype: alkali_poisoning poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an alkali compound (as lye or ammonia)
subtype: caffeinism__caffiene_intoxication poisoning resulting from excessive intake of caffeine containing products
subtype: carbon_monoxide_poisoning a toxic condition that results from inhaling and absorbing carbon monoxide gas; "carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and displaces oxygen in the blood"
subtype: cyanide_poisoning__cyanidepoisoning poisoning due to ingesting or inhaling cyanide; common in smoke from fires and in industrial chemicals
subtype: ergotism poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and craming and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs
subtype: mercury_poisoning__mercurypoisoning a toxic condition caused by ingesting or inhaling mercury; acute mercury poisoning causes a metallic taste and vomiting and diarrhea and kidney problems that may lead to death
subtype: Minamata_disease a form of mercury poisoning among people who ate fish from mercury-contaminated waters of Minamata Bay off Japan in the 1950s; characterized by severe neurological degeneration
subtype: naphthalene_poisoning__naphthalenepoisoning toxic condition resulting from inhaling or ingesting naphthalene
subtype: nicotine_poisoning toxic condition caused by the ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of nicotine
subtype: ophidism poisoning by snake venom
subtype: paraquat_poisoning poisoning caused by ingestion of paraquat; characterized by progressive damage to the esophagus and liver and kidneys
subtype: pesticide_poisoning toxic condition resulting from ingesting or inhaling a pesticide
subtype: malathion_poisoning__malathionpoisoning a toxic condition caused by inhaling or ingesting the insecticide Malathion
subtype: parathion_poisoning__parathionpoisoning a toxic condition resulting from inhalation or ingestion of the insecticide parathion; characterized by nausea and abdominal pains and headache and convulsions and sweating
subtype: salicylate_poisoning poisoning caused by the excessive ingestion of salicylates (usually aspirin)
subtype: analgesia absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
subtype: oligospermia insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
subtype: disorder.state__upset condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
subtype: immunological_disorder__immunologicaldisorder a disorder of the immune system
subtype: immunodeficiency immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
subtype: AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: agammaglobulinemia a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
subtype: hypogammaglobulinemia an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of infection
subtype: immunosuppression lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
subtype: anergy.immunological_disorder reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen
subtype: functional_disorder disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
subtype: organic_disorder__organicdisorder disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
subtype: abocclusion the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
subtype: abruptio_placentae a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
subtype: achlorhydria an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
subtype: acholia__cholestasi a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
subtype: achylia_gastrica__achyliagastrica absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
subtype: acute_brain_disorder__acutebraindisorder__acute_organic_brain_syndrome__acuteorganicbrainsyndrome any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
subtype: ailment__complaint__ill an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
subtype: pip a minor nonspecific ailment
subtype: motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
subtype: airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
subtype: car_sickness motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
subtype: seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
subtype: eating_disorder a disorder of the normal eating routine
subtype: anorexia a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
subtype: anorexia_nervosa (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated
subtype: bulimarexia__binge-purge_syndrome__bingepurgesyndrome__binge-vomit_syndrome__bingevomitsyndrome__bulima_nervosa a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting
subtype: binge-eating_syndrome__bulimia a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation
subtype: bladder_disorder__bladderdisorder a disorder of the urinary bladder
subtype: flaccid_bladder__flaccidbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
subtype: neurogenic_bladder a urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system
subtype: spastic_bladder__spasticbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
subtype: cardiovascular_disease a disease of the heart or blood vessels
subtype: heart_disease__heartdisease__heart_condition__heartcondition__cardiopathy a disease of the heart
subtype: angina_pectoris__angina a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
subtype: cardiac_arrhythmia__cardiacarrhythmia__arrhythmia an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
subtype: flutter abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block
subtype: gallop_rhythm__cantering_rhythm__canteringrhythm cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
subtype: atrial_fibrillation fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
subtype: bradycardia abnormally slow heartbeat
subtype: heart_block__Adams-Stokes_syndrome__Stokes-Adams_syndrome__atrioventricular_block recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat
subtype: premature_ventricular_contraction__prematureventricularcontraction__pvc irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
subtype: tachycardia abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
subtype: ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
subtype: cardiomyopathy__myocardiopathy a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
subtype: hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
subtype: heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: congestive_heart_failure inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
subtype: heart_attack__heartattack a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function
subtype: valvular_heart_disease heart disease caused by stenosis of the cardiac valves and obstructed blood flow or caused by degeneration and blood regurgitation
subtype: aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: mitral_valve_prolapse cardiopathy resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
subtype: mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: rheumatic_heart_disease__rheumaticheartdisease heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
subtype: high_blood_pressure__hypertension a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
subtype: essential_hypertension__essentialhypertension__hyperpiesis persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
subtype: malignant_hypertension__malignanthypertension severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain; "malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension"
subtype: portal_hypertension increase in blood pressure in the veins of the portal system caused by obstruction in the liver (often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis), causing enlargement of the spleen and collateral veins
subtype: secondary_hypertension__secondaryhypertension hypertension that is secondary to another disease
subtype: white-coat_hypertension temporary rise in blood pressure in the doctor's office
subtype: hypotension abnormally low blood pressure
subtype: orthostatic_hypotension__postural_hypotension low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
subtype: aneurysm a sac-like widening of an artery
subtype: aortic_aneurysm an aneurysm of the aorta
subtype: cerebral_aneurysm an aneurysm of the carotid artery
subtype: intracranial_aneurysm an aneurysm of a cranial artery
subtype: ventricular_aneurysm__ventricularaneurysm a localized dilation or protrusion on the wall of the left ventricle of the heart (occurring after a myocardial infarction)
subtype: circulatory_failure__circulatoryfailure failure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues
subtype: celiac_disease a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
subtype: cheilosis__cheilosi__perleche a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
subtype: choking a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
subtype: colpoxerosis a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
subtype: degenerative_disorder condition leading to progressive loss of function
subtype: demyelination loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function
subtype: dystrophy any degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition
subtype: osteodystrophy defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
subtype: disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: orthochorea a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
subtype: Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
subtype: tarantism a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
subtype: Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: dysaphia a disorder in the sense of touch
subtype: dysosmia__parosamia__ofactory_impairment a disorder in the sense of smell
subtype: dyspahgia condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
subtype: dysuria painful or difficult urination
subtype: failure.disorder loss of ability to function normally
subtype: heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: fantods an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
subtype: glandular_disease__glandulardisease__gland_disease__glanddisease__glandular_disorder__glandulardisorder__adenosis a disorder of the glands of the body
subtype: hyperparathyroidism excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
subtype: hypoparathyroidism inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
subtype: hyperpituitarism excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)
subtype: Addison's_disease__Addison's_syndrome__hypoadrenalism__hypoadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
subtype: adenopathy a glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)
subtype: aldosteronism__hyperaldosteronism a condition caused by over-production of aldosterone
subtype: Cushing's_disease__hyperadrenalism a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
subtype: Cushing's_syndrome__hyperadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
subtype: diabetes any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
subtype: diabetes_mellitus__DM diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria; "when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'"
subtype: Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: Type_II_diabetes__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__NIDDM__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes__ketosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketosis-resistant_diabetes__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes__adult-onset_diabetes_mellitus__adult-onset_diabetes__maturity-onset_diabetes_mellitus__maturity-onset_diabetes mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
subtype: latent_diabetes__chemical_diabetes a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
subtype: diabetes_insipidus a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst
subtype: nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus diabetes insipidus caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to normal levels of vasopressin
subtype: hyperthyroidism__thyrotoxicosis an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
subtype: Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
subtype: hypothyroidism an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
subtype: myxedema__myxoedema hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
subtype: cretinism severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
subtype: hyperactivity a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
subtype: impacted_tooth__impaction a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
subtype: impaction a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
subtype: learning_disorder__learning_disability__learningdisability a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
subtype: dyscalculia impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics
subtype: dysgraphia impaired ability to learn to write
subtype: dyslexia impaired ability to learn to read
subtype: malocclusion (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
subtype: overbite (dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth
subtype: mental_disorder__mental_disturbance__disturbance__psychological_disorder__psychologicaldisorder__folie (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
subtype: anxiety_disorder__anxietydisorder a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
subtype: generalized_anxiety_disorder__generalizedanxietydisorder__GAD__anxiety_reaction__anxietyreaction an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
subtype: panic_disorder__panicdisorder an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
subtype: phobia__phobic_disorder__phobic_neurosis an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; "phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias"
subtype: agoraphobia a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)
subtype: simple_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with relatively simple well-defined stimuli
subtype: acrophobia a morbid fear of great heights
subtype: algophobia a morbid fear of pain
subtype: aquaphobia a morbid fear of drowning
subtype: astraphobia a morbid fear of thunder and lightning
subtype: claustrophobia a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space
subtype: cryophobia a morbid fear of freezing
subtype: hydrophobia a fear of drinking liquids because swallowing is so painful (as with persons having rabies)
subtype: hypnophobia a morbid fear of falling asleep
subtype: mysophobia a morbid fear of dirt or contamination
subtype: neophobia a morbid fear of novelty
subtype: nyctophobia a morbid fear of night or darkness
subtype: phobophobia a morbid fear of developing a phobia
subtype: photophobia a morbid fear of light
subtype: pyrophobia a morbid fear of fire
subtype: taphephobia a morbid fear of being buried alive
subtype: thanatophobia a morbid fear of death
subtype: triskaidekaphobia a morbid fear of the number 13
subtype: zoophobia a morbid fear of animals
subtype: acarophobia a morbid fear of small insects and mites and worms
subtype: ailurophobia a morbid fear of cats
subtype: cynophobia a morbid fear of dogs
subtype: entomophobia a morbid fear of insects
subtype: lepidophobia a morbid fear of snakes
subtype: musophobia a morbid fear of mice
subtype: social_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with situations in which you are subject to criticism by others (as fear of eating in public or public speaking etc)
subtype: androphobia a morbid fear of men
subtype: gynophobia a morbid fear of women
subtype: satanophobia an abnormal fear of Satan
subtype: school_phobia a child's sudden fear of attending school
subtype: traumatophobia a morbid fear of battle or physical injury
subtype: xenophobia an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers
subtype: posttraumatic_stress_disorder__PTSD an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as guilt about surviving or reliving the trauma in dreams or numbness and lack of involvement with reality or recurrent thoughts and images
subtype: battle_fatigue__combat_fatigue__combat_neurosis__shell_shock__shellshock a mental disorder caused by stress of active warfare
subtype: psychosomatic_disorder__psychosomaticdisorder a mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms
subtype: aberration a disorder in one's mental state
subtype: conversion_disorder__conversion_reaction__conversion_hysteria a mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause)
subtype: glove_anesthesia__gloveanesthesia a mental disorder involving loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist; "since no combination of nerves serve this area a glove anesthesia is clearly psychogenic in origin"
subtype: delirium a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
subtype: delusional_disorder any mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role
subtype: encopresis involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
subtype: folie_a_deux__folieadeux the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife)
subtype: personality_disorder__personalitydisorder inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior
subtype: maladjustment the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability
subtype: antisocial_personality_disorder__sociopathic_personality__psychopathic_personality a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder; `antisocial personality disorder' is currently the preferred term)
subtype: schizotypal_personality characterized by symptoms similar to but less severe than schizophrenia
subtype: major_affective_disorder__majoraffectivedisorder__affective_disorder__affectivedisorder__emotional_disorder__emotionaldisorder__emotional_disturbance__emotionaldisturbance any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant
subtype: depressive_disorder__clinical_depression__depression a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
subtype: agitated_depression a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability and restlessness
subtype: anaclitic_depression__anacliticdepression severe and progressive depression in infants who lose their mother and do not get a suitable substitute
subtype: dysthymia__dysthymic_depression__dysthymicdepression mild chronic depression; "I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
subtype: endogenous_depression a state of depression for which there is no apparent precipitating cause
subtype: exogenous_depression__exogenousdepression__reactive_depression an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief)
subtype: major_depressive_episode (psychiatry) a state of depression with all the classic symptoms (anhedonia and lethargy and sleep disturbance and despondency and morbid thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and sometimes attempted suicide) but with no known organic dysfunction
subtype: involutional_depression a major depressive episode associated with the climacteric
subtype: unipolar_depression a major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase that occurs in the classic form of bipolar disorder
subtype: neurotic_depression a term used for any state of depression that is not psychotic
subtype: psychotic_depression__psychoticdepression a state of depression so severe that the person loses contact with reality and suffers a variety of functional impairments
subtype: retarded_depression a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action
subtype: manic_disorder__manicdisorder__mania a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
subtype: craze__delirium__frenzy__fury__hysteria state of violent mental agitation
subtype: nympholepsy a frenzy of emotion; as for something unattainable
subtype: bipolar_disorder__bipolardisorder__manicdepression__manicdepressiveillnes__manic-depressive_psychosis a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
subtype: cyclothymia__cyclothymic_disorder__cyclothymicdisorder__cyclic_disorder a mild bipolar disorder that persists over a long time
subtype: schizothymia resembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality
subtype: neurosis__neuroticism__psychoneurosi a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
subtype: hysterical_neurosis__hysteria neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
subtype: anxiety_hysteria__anxietyhysteria a form of hysteria having features of both conversion disorder and anxiety neurosis
subtype: hysterocatalepsy hysteria with cataleptic symptoms
subtype: anxiety_neurosis characterized by diffuse anxiety and often somatic manifestations of fear
subtype: dissociative_disorder dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
subtype: depersonalization_disorder__depersonalizationdisorder__depersonalization__depersonalisation__depersonalisation_disorder__depersonalisationdisorder__depersonalization_neurosis__depersonalisation_neurosis emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness
subtype: psychogenic_fugue__psychogenicfugue__fugue dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
subtype: split_personality__splitpersonality__multiple_personality a relatively rare dissociative disorder in which the usual integrity of the personality breaks down and two or more independent personalities emerge
subtype: metabolic_disorder__metabolicdisorder a disorder or defect of metabolism
subtype: alkaptonuria__alcaptonuria a rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine
subtype: inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: lipidosis__lipidosi a disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: Gaucher's_disease a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism probably of genetic origin
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: lysine_intolerance a disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine
subtype: hyperlipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: hypolipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: hypobetalipoproteinemia a hereditary disorder characterized by low levels of beta-lipoproteins and lipids and cholesterol
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease a disorder of the nervous system
subtype: brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease any disorder or disease of the brain
subtype: epilepsy a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
subtype: akinetic_epilepsy epilepsy characterized by akinesia
subtype: cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
subtype: Jacksonian_epilepsy focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
subtype: sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
subtype: grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
subtype: myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
subtype: petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
subtype: complex_absence petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
subtype: pure_absence__simple_absence petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
subtype: subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
subtype: posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
subtype: procursive_epilepsy epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
subtype: psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
subtype: reflex_epilepsy a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
subtype: musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by music
subtype: photogenic_epilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
subtype: status_epilepticus a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
subtype: tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
subtype: apraxia inability to make purposeful movements
subtype: paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
subtype: agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
subtype: acataphasia a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
subtype: aphasia inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
subtype: auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
subtype: conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
subtype: global_aphasia__total_aphasia loss of all ability to communicate
subtype: motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
subtype: nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
subtype: transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
subtype: visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness inability to perceive written words
subtype: Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
subtype: agnosia inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
subtype: Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
subtype: Wernicke's_encephalopathy inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
subtype: motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
subtype: Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
subtype: hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
subtype: atopognosia__atopognosi absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
subtype: dyskinesia abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
subtype: tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
subtype: chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
subtype: athetosis__athetosi a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
subtype: kuru a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
subtype: nerve_compression__nervecompression harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
subtype: nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
subtype: carpal_tunnel_syndrome a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand
subtype: hydrocele disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
subtype: sleep_disorder__sleepdisorder a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
subtype: hypersomnia an inability to stay awake
subtype: catalepsy a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli
subtype: narcolepsy a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep; "he believes that narcolepsy is attributable to an inability to suppress REM sleep during waking"
subtype: insomnia an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
subtype: sleep_terror_disorder__pavor_nocturnus__pavornocturnu a disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep
subtype: sleep_apnea__sleepapnea apnea that occurs during sleep
subtype: sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
subtype: hematocolpometra__haematocolpometra accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
subtype: hematocolpos__haematocolpos__haematocolpo accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
subtype: speech_disorder__speech_defect a disorder of oral speech
subtype: anarthria partial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system
subtype: aphonia__voicelessnes a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
subtype: cataphasia a speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession
subtype: dysarthria impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature
subtype: dyslogia impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeble-mindedness or certain psychoses)
subtype: dysphonia speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
subtype: lallation speech defect in which the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l'
subtype: lambdacism speech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l'
subtype: lisp a speech defect that involves pronouncing s like voiceless th and z like voiced th
subtype: stammer__stutter a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds
subtype: tropical_sprue__sprue a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and nontropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
subtype: roots__root the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage; "his roots in Texas go back a long way"; "he went back to Sweden to search for his roots"; "his music has African roots"
subtype: hyalinization__hyalinisation the state of being hyaline or having become hyaline: "the patient's arterioles showed marked hyalinization"
subtype: vacuolization__vacuolation the state of having become filled with vacuoles
subtype: protuberance the condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out; "the protuberance of his belly"
subtype: curvature.state (medical) a curving or bending; often abnormal; "curvature of the spine"
subtype: psychological_state__psychologicalstate__mental_state a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; "a manic state"
subtype: state_of_mind__frame_of_mind a temporary psychological state
subtype: case.state_of_mind a specific state of mind that is temporary; "a case of the jitters"
subtype: thinking_cap a state in which one thinks
subtype: abulia__aboulia a loss of will power
subtype: anhedonia an inability to experience pleasure
subtype: depersonalization__depersonalisation (existentialism) a loss of personal identity; a feeling of being an anonymous cog in a stupid social machine
subtype: hypnosis a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion
subtype: self-hypnosis__self-suggestion__autosuggestion hypnosis induced by yourself
subtype: fugue.psychological_state a dreamlike state of altered consciousness that may last for hours or days
subtype: trauma an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects
subtype: morale a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose
subtype: anxiousness__anxiety a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders
subtype: castration_anxiety (psychoanalysis) anxiety resulting from real or imagined threats to your sexual functions; originally applied only to men but can in principal apply to women
subtype: hypochondria__hypochondriasis__hypochondriasi chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments
subtype: overanxiety excessive anxiety
subtype: scare__panic sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events; "panic in the stock market"; "a war scare"
subtype: red_scare__redscare a period of general fear of communists
subtype: hallucinosis a mental state in which the person has continual hallucinations
subtype: identity_crisis distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society
subtype: jitters__jitter__nervousness__nervousnes__nerve__screaming_meemies__screamingmeemie an uneasy state; "he suffered an attack of nerves"
subtype: nervous_strain__nervousstrain__strain__mental_strain nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
subtype: tenseness__tensenes__stress a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor"
subtype: breaking_point.tenseness__breakingpoint stress at which a person breaks down or a situation becomes crucial
subtype: psychotic_belief__psychoticbelief__delusion an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary
subtype: delusions_of_grandeur a delusion (common in paranoia) that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are
subtype: delusions_of_persecution a delusion (common in paranoia) that others are out to get you and frustrate and embarrass you or inflict suffering on you; a complicated conspiracy is frequently imagined
subtype: hallucination illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder
subtype: auditory_hallucination__acousma illusory auditory perception of strange nonverbal sounds
subtype: pseudohallucination an image vivid enough to be a hallucination but recognized as unreal
subtype: trip.hallucination a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs; "an acid trip"
subtype: visual_hallucination illusory visual perception
subtype: chromatism.visual_hallucination hallucinatory perception of colored lights
subtype: pink_elephants any visual hallucination arising from heavy drinking
subtype: zoopsia visual hallucination of animals; sometimes occurring in delirium tremens
subtype: nihilistic_delusion__nihilism the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
subtype: somatic_delusion__somaticdelusion an delusion concerning the body image or parts of the body
subtype: zoanthropy the delusion that you have assumed the form of an animal
subtype: mental_health the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
subtype: mental_soundness__mental_balance the healthy psychological state of someone with good judgment
subtype: sanity__saneness normal or sound powers of mind
subtype: lucidity a lucid state of mind; not confused
subtype: rationality__reasonableness the state of having good sense and sound judgment; "his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions"
subtype: mental_illness__mental_disease__psychopathy any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
subtype: megalomania a psychological state characterized by delusions of grandeur
subtype: insanity relatively permanent disorder of the mind
subtype: lunacy__madness__insaneness obsolete terms for legal insanity
subtype: dementia__dementedness mental deterioration of organic or functional origin
subtype: alcoholic_dementia__alcoholicdementia__alcohol_amnestic_disorder__Korsakoff's_psychosis__Korsakoff's_syndrome__Korsakov's_psychosis__Korsakov's_syndrome__polyneuritic_psychosis dementia observed during the last stages of severe chronic alcoholism; involves loss of memory for recent events although long term memory is intact
subtype: presenile_dementia__preseniledementia dementia with onset before the age of 65
subtype: Alzheimer's_disease__Alzheimer's__Alzheimers a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness
subtype: Pick's_disease a progressive form of presenile dementia found most often in middle-aged and elderly women and characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes with loss of intellectual ability and transitory aphasia
subtype: senile_dementia__senile_psychosis dementia of the aged; results from degeneration of the brain in the absence of cerebrovascular disease
subtype: irrationality__unreason the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding
subtype: mental_unsoundness__derangement__unbalance a state of mental disturbance and disorientation
subtype: daftness__craziness__crazines__flakines informal terms for insanity
subtype: psychosis__psychosi any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted
subtype: delirium_tremens__DTs__blue_devils acute delirium caused by alcohol poisoning
subtype: paranoia a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur
subtype: schizophrenia__schizophrenic_disorder__schizophrenicdisorder__schizophrenic_psychosis__dementia_praecox any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact
subtype: borderline_schizophrenia__latent_schizophrenia schizophrenia characterized by mild symptoms or by some preexisting tendency to schizophrenia
subtype: catatonic_schizophrenia__catatonicschizophrenia__catatonic_type_schizophrenia__catatonia a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement
subtype: hebephrenia__hebephrenic_schizophrenia__hebephrenicschizophrenia__disorganized_schizophrenia__disorganized_type_schizophrenia a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions
subtype: paranoid_schizophrenia__paranoic_type_schizophrenia__paraphrenic_schizophrenia__paraphrenicschizophrenia__paraphrenia a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner
subtype: acute_schizophrenic_episode__acuteschizophrenicepisode__reactive_schizophrenia schizophrenia of abrupt onset and relatively short duration (a few weeks or months)
subtype: agitation.psychological_state a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance
subtype: disturbance.agitation__perturbation__upset an unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didn't realize the upset she caused me"
subtype: swither__fret__stew__sweat__lather agitation resulting from active worry; "don't get in a stew"; "he's in a sweat about exams"
subtype: dither__pother__fuss__tizzy__flap an excited state of agitation; "he was in a dither"; "there was a terrible flap about the theft"
subtype: tailspin loss of emotional control often resulting in emotional collapse
subtype: depression.psychological_state a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
subtype: melancholia extreme depression characterized by tearful sadness and irrational fears
subtype: megrims__megrim__blues__blue an informal term for a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues"
subtype: blue_funk__funk a state of nervous depression; "he was in a funk"
subtype: melancholy.depression a constitutional tendency to be gloomy and depressed
subtype: slough_of_despond (formal) extreme depression
subtype: low_spirits__lowspirit a state of mild depression
subtype: dumps__dump__mopes__mope (informal) "in the dumps"; "have the mopes"
subtype: dejection a state of melancholy depression
subtype: elation an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression
subtype: bliss__blis__blissfulnes__cloud_nine__cloudnine__seventh_heaven__seventhheaven__walking_on_air a state of extreme happiness
subtype: ecstasy a state of elated bliss
subtype: high_induced_by_drug_or_alcohol__high a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on"
subtype: high.elation a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days"
subtype: vexation__irritation__annoyance the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
subtype: botheration the state of being bothered
subtype: huff__miff__seeing_red a state of irritation or annoyance
subtype: pinprick.vexation a minor annoyance
subtype: restlessness.vexation__impatience a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay
subtype: snit a state of agitated irritation; "he was in a snit"
subtype: enchantment__trance a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
subtype: possession.enchantment being controlled by passion or the supernatural
subtype: fascination the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror)
subtype: disassociation__dissociation a state in which some integrated part of a person's life becomes separated from the rest of the personality and functions independently
subtype: compartmentalization__compartmentalisation a mild state of dissociation
subtype: dissociative_disorder dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
subtype: difficulty.state a situation or condition almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome: "grappling with financial difficulties"
subtype: bitch.difficulty (slang) an unpleasant difficulty; "this problem is a real bitch"
subtype: predicament__quandary__plight a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one: "finds himself in a most awkward predicament"; "the woeful plight of homeless people"
subtype: care a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
subtype: corner.predicament__box a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible; "his lying got him into a tight corner"
subtype: hot_water a dangerous or distressing predicament; "his views on race got him into political hot water"
subtype: rattrap.difficulty a difficult entangling situation
subtype: pinch.difficulty a painful or straitened circumstance: "the pinch of the recession"
subtype: muddle__fix__hole__jam__mess__pickle__kettle_of_fish informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage"
subtype: hard_time a difficulty that can be overcome with effort; "we had a hard time getting here"
subtype: stress.difficulty__strain difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension: "she endured the stresses and strains of life"; "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
subtype: problem.difficulty__job a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog"
subtype: race_problem a social and political problem caused by conflict between races occupying the same or adjacent regions
subtype: balance-of-payments_problem an economic problem caused by payments for imports being greater than receipts for exports
subtype: urinary_hesitancy__urinaryhesitancy difficulty in beginning the flow of urine; associated with prostate enlargement in men and with narrowing of the urethral opening in women; may be caused by emotional stress in either men or women
subtype: wall.difficulty a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
subtype: improvement.state a condition superior to an earlier condition: "the new school represents a great improvement"
subtype: betterment an improvement that adds to the value of a property or facility
subtype: development.improvement a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen"
subtype: underdevelopment.development state of inadequate development: "much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry"
subtype: renovation__restoration the state of being restored to its former good condition; "the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house"
subtype: decline a condition inferior to an earlier condition
subtype: disuse__neglect the state of something that has been unused and neglected; "the house was in a terrible state of neglect"
subtype: omission.disuse something that has been omitted; "she searched the table for omissions"
subtype: twilight.decline a condition of decline following successes; "in the twilight of the empire"
subtype: wreck something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; "the house was a wreck when they bought it"; "thanks to that quack I am a human wreck"
subtype: ennoblement.state the state of being noble
subtype: ascendance__dominance__ascendence__ascendancy__ascendency__control the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
subtype: ascendant__ascendent position or state of being dominant or in control: "that idea was in the ascendant"
subtype: supremacy__domination__mastery power to dominate or defeat; "mastery of the seas"
subtype: transcendency__transcendence__superiority the state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond usual limits
subtype: predominance__predomination the state of being predominant over others
subtype: dominion__rule dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"; "the rule of Caesar"
subtype: paramountcy the state of being paramount; the highest rank or authority
subtype: raj British dominion over India (1757-1947)
subtype: reign.dominion__sovereignty royal authority; the dominion of a monarch
subtype: scepter__sceptre the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter
subtype: suzerainty.dominion the position or authority of a suzerain: "under the suzerainty of..."
subtype: tyranny__absolutism__despotism dominance through threat of punishment and violence
subtype: monopoly.ascendance exclusive control or possession of something; "They have no monopoly on intelligence"
subtype: comfort.state__comfortableness__comfortablenes a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; "he is a man who enjoys his comfort"; "she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair"
subtype: relief.comfort__ease the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease"
subtype: respite__reprieve a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort
subtype: solace__solacement comfort in disappointment or misery
subtype: coziness__cosiness__snugness a state of warm snug comfort
subtype: convenience the state of being suitable or opportune; "chairs arranged for his own convenience"
subtype: discomfort__uncomfortableness__uncomfortablenes the state of being tense and feeling pain
subtype: incommodiousness__inconvenience an inconvenient discomfort
subtype: malaise__unease__uneasiness physical discomfort (as mild sickness or depression)
subtype: hangover__katzenjammer disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol)
subtype: need__demand a condition requiring relief; "she satisfied his need for affection"; "God has no need of men to accomplish His work"; "there is a demand for jobs"
subtype: lack__deficiency__want the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost"
subtype: absence.lack the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
subtype: nonoccurrence absence by virtue of not occurring
subtype: awayness the state of being elsewhere than in particular place
subtype: dearth__famine__shortage a severe shortage (especially a shortage of food)
subtype: mineral_deficiency__mineraldeficiency lack of a mineral micronutrient that is essential for normal nutrition or metabolism
subtype: sideropenia a deficiency of iron; results from inadequate iron in the diet or from hemorrhage
subtype: stringency__tightness__tightnes a state occasioned by scarcity of money and a shortage of credit
subtype: necessity the condition of being essential or indispensable
subtype: requisiteness__requisitenes the state of being absolutely required
subtype: urgency the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
subtype: hurry__haste a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry; "in a hurry to lock the door"
subtype: imperativeness__insistence__insistency__press__pres the state of urgently demanding notice or attention; "the press of business matters"
subtype: criticalness__criticality__cruciality a state of critical urgency
subtype: fullness the condition of being filled to capacity
subtype: satiety__repletion__satiation the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more
subtype: excess__surfeit the state of being more than full
subtype: solidity state of having the interior filled with matter
subtype: infestation the state of being overrun in unpleasantly large numbers (as by parasites)
subtype: fascioliasis__fasciolosis__fasciolosi infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot
subtype: fasciolopsiasis__fasciolopsiasi infestation with the large intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski; common in eastern Asia
subtype: enterobiasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
subtype: schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
subtype: trichinosis__trichinosi__trichiniasis__myositis_trichinosa infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted
subtype: acariasis__acariasi__acariosis__acariosi__acaridiasis__acaridiasi infestation with itch mites
subtype: ascariasis infestation of the human intestine with Ascaris roundworms
subtype: coccidiosis__coccidiosi (veterinary medicine) infestation with coccidia
subtype: echinococcosis__hydatid_disease__hydatidosis infestation with larval echinococci (tapeworms)
subtype: helminthiasis__helminthiasi infestation of the body with parasitic worms
subtype: hookworm_disease__hookworm infestation of the intestines by hookworms which enter the body (usually) through the skin
subtype: myiasis infestation of the body by the larvae of flies (usually through a wound or other opening) or any disease resulting from such infestation
subtype: onchocerciasis__river_blindness infestation with slender threadlike roundworms (filaria) deposited under the skin by the bite of black fleas; when the eyes are involved it can result in blindness; common in Africa and tropical America
subtype: opisthorchiasis infestation with flukes obtained from eating raw fish; common in eastern Asia
subtype: pediculosis__pediculosi__lousiness__lousines infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching
subtype: pediculosis_capitis__pediculosiscapiti__head_lice infestation of the scalp with lice
subtype: pediculosis_corporis infestation of body skin with lice
subtype: pediculosis_pubis__pediculosispubi__crabs__crab infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice
subtype: trombiculiasis infestation with chiggers
subtype: trichuriasis infestation by a roundworm; common in tropical areas with poor sanitation
subtype: emptiness__emptines the state of containing nothing
subtype: blankness__blanknes the state of being blank; void; emptiness
subtype: hollowness the state of being hollow: having an empty space within
subtype: vacancy being unoccupied
subtype: vacuousness__vacuousnes total absence of matter
subtype: vacuum__vacuity the absence of matter
subtype: nakedness__nakednes__nudeness the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind
subtype: nude as in the phrase "They swam in the nude"
subtype: raw__altogether__birthday_suit informal terms for nakedness; "in the raw"; "in the altogether"; "in his birthday suit"
subtype: undress__undres partial or complete nakedness; "a state of undress"
subtype: bareness the state of being unclothed and exposed (especially of a part of the body)
subtype: baldness__hairlessness__phalacrosis__phalacrosi the condition of having no hair (especially on the top of the head)
subtype: alopecia loss of hair (especially on the head) or wool or feathers; in humans it can result from heredity or hormonal imbalance or certain diseases or drugs and treatments (chemotherapy for cancer)
subtype: alopecia_areata patchy baldness
subtype: male-patterned_baldness loss of hair on the crown of the head
subtype: dishabille__deshabille the state of being carelessly or partially dressed
subtype: shirtsleeves not wearing a jacket; "in your shirtsleeves" means you are not wearing anything over your shirt; "in hot weather they dined in their shirtsleeves"
subtype: hopefulness.state full of hope
subtype: confidence.hopefulness a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable; "public confidence in the economy"
subtype: anticipation.hopefulness__expectation wishing with confidence of fulfillment
subtype: despair.state__desperation a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; "they were rescued from despair at the last minute"
subtype: pureness__purity being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material
subtype: plainness.pureness__plainnes the state of being unmixed with other material; "the plainness of vanilla ice cream"
subtype: impureness__impurity the condition of being impure
subtype: adulteration__debasement being mixed with extraneous material
subtype: admixture__alloy the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something
subtype: taint__contamination the state of being contaminated
subtype: dust_contamination.taint__dustcontamination state of being contaminated with dust
subtype: dirtiness__dirtines the state of containing dirty impurities
subtype: putridity the state of being putrid
subtype: pollution undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
subtype: biodegradable_pollution__biodegradablepollution pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
subtype: nonbiodegradable_pollution pollution that accumulates in the environment and may appear in the food chain
subtype: air_pollution__airpollution pollution of the air; "air pollution reduced the visibility"
subtype: acid_rain__acid_precipitation rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
subtype: industrial_pollution pollution resulting from an industrial plant discharging pollutants into the air
subtype: miasma unhealthy vapors rising from the ground or other sources; "the miasma of the marshes"; "a miasma of cigar smoke"
subtype: smog__smogginess air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog
subtype: noise_pollution__noisepollution__sound_pollution__soundpollution annoying and potentially harmful environmental noise
subtype: thermal_pollution__thermalpollution harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive waste heat into them
subtype: water_pollution__waterpollution pollution of the water in rivers and lakes
subtype: financial_condition__financialcondition__economic_condition the condition of finances
subtype: easy_money the economic condition in which credit is easy to secure
subtype: tight_money__tightmoney the economic condition in which credit is difficult to secure
subtype: solvency the ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due
subtype: insolvency lacking financial resources
subtype: bankruptcy.insolvency inability to discharge all your debts as they come due
subtype: credit_crunch__liquidity_crisis a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers
subtype: slump__depression__economic_crisis a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
subtype: Great_Depression the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
subtype: full_employment the economic condition when everyone who wishes to work at the going wage-rate for their type of labor is employed
subtype: prosperity an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
subtype: boom.prosperity a state of economic prosperity
subtype: wealthiness__wealthines the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money: "great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence"
subtype: circumstances.wealthiness__circumstance the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; "each person was helped according to his circumstances"
subtype: affluence__richness abundant wealth
subtype: ease.affluence__comfort a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state: "a life of luxury and ease"; "he had all the material comforts of this world"
subtype: lap_of_luxury__lapofluxury in conditions of wealth and comfort; "he was raised in the lap of luxury"
subtype: luxuriousness__luxuriousnes__opulence__sumptuousness__sumptuousnes wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living
subtype: mammon wealth regarded as an evil influence
subtype: silver_spoon inherited wealth; "he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth"
subtype: sufficiency sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations; "her father questioned the young suitor's sufficiency"
subtype: poverty__poorness__impoverishment the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions
subtype: deprivation__privation__want a state of extreme poverty
subtype: destitution a state without friends or money or prospects
subtype: indigence__need__penury__beggary__pauperism a state of extreme poverty or destitution; "their indigence appalled him"; "a general state of need exists among the homeless"
subtype: impecuniousness__pennilessness__pennilessnes__penuriousnes a state of lacking money
subtype: shakeout a financial condition that results in the elimination of marginally financed participants in an industry; "they glutted the market in order to cause a shakeout of their competitors"
subtype: wage_setter any financial condition or variable that serves to set wage rates
subtype: sanitary_condition the state of sanitation (clean or dirty)
subtype: sanitariness the state of being conducive to health
subtype: hygiene a condition promoting sanitary practices; "personal hygiene"
subtype: asepsis__asepsi__antisepsis__sterility__sterileness__sterilenes (of non-living objects) the state of being free of pathogenic organisms
subtype: sanitation the state of being clean and conducive to health
subtype: unsanitariness a state that is not conducive to health
subtype: filthiness__filth__foulness__nastiness__nastines a state characterized by foul or disgusting dirt and refuse
subtype: dunghill a foul or degraded condition
subtype: cleanness.sanitary_condition__cleannes the state of being clean; without dirt or other impurities
subtype: spotlessness__immaculateness the state of being spotlessly clean
subtype: uncleanness__uncleannes__dirtines the state of being unsanitary
subtype: filth__dirt__grime__soil__stain__grease__grunge the state of being covered with unclean things
subtype: befoulment__defilement__pollution the state of being polluted
subtype: griminess__grimines__grubbines the state of being grimy
subtype: sordidness__squalor__squalidness__squalidnes sordid dirtiness
subtype: dinginess__dingines discoloration due to dirtiness
subtype: sootiness__sootines__smuttines the state of being dirty with soot
subtype: tilth the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth
subtype: orderliness__order a condition of regular or proper arrangement: "he put his desk in order"; "the machine is now in working order"
subtype: spit_and_polish careful attention to order and appearance (as in the military)
subtype: kilter__kelter in working order; "out of kilter"; "in good kilter"
subtype: tidiness the habit of being tidy
subtype: spruceness__neatness the state of being neat and smart and trim
subtype: trimness__trim a state of arrangement or appearance: "in good trim"
subtype: disorderliness__disorder a condition in which things are not in their expected places: "the files are in complete disorder"
subtype: shambles a condition of great disorder
subtype: untidiness the condition of being untidy
subtype: sloppiness__slovenliness__unkemptness__unkemptnes untidiness in personal appearance
subtype: shagginess.sloppiness unkemptness of hair
subtype: muss__mess__messiness__messines__mussines a state of confusion and disorderliness; "the house was a mess"; "she smoothed the mussiness of the bed"
subtype: disorganization__disarrangement a condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted
subtype: jumble__clutter__muddle__mare's_nest__welter__smother a confused multitude of things
subtype: rummage a jumble of things to be given away
subtype: normality.state__normalcy being within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning
subtype: averageness the state of being that is average; indicates normality but with connotations of mediocrity
subtype: commonness__expectedness the state of being that is commonly observed
subtype: typicality the state of being that is typical
subtype: abnormalcy__abnormality__abnormal_condition an abnormal condition
subtype: acardia congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
subtype: acephalia__acephaly__acephalism absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
subtype: acorea absence of the pupil in an eye
subtype: acromicria__acromikria abnormally small extremities (underdeveloped fingers and toes)
subtype: acromphalus__acromphalu abnormal protrusion of the navel; sometimes the start of umbilical hernia
subtype: amastia absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
subtype: aneuploidy an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)
subtype: anorchism__anorchidism__anorchia absence of one of both testes
subtype: asynclitism__obliquity the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle
subtype: atresia an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent
subtype: brachytactyly__brachydactylia abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
subtype: cryptorchidy__cryptorchidism__cryptorchism failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
subtype: monorchism__monorchidism failure of one testes to descend into the scrotum
subtype: deviated_septum__deviatedseptum abnormal displacement of any wall that separates two chambers (usually in the nasal cavity)
subtype: deviated_nasal_septum abnormal shift in location of the nasal septum; a common condition causing obstruction of the nasal passages and difficulty in breathing and recurrent nosebleeds
subtype: dextrocardia abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest
subtype: ectrodactyly congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
subtype: erethism an abnormally high degree of irritability or sensitivity or excitability
subtype: fetal_distress__foetal_distress an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
subtype: hepatomegaly__megalohepatia abnormal enlargement of the liver
subtype: inversion.abnormalcy abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
subtype: pneumothorax abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)
subtype: macrencephaly an abnormally large braincase
subtype: hydatid_mole__hydatidmole__hydatidiform_mole__molar_pregnancy__molarpregnancy an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around an aborting embryo degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs
subtype: hydramnios an abnormality of pregnancy; accumulation of excess amniotic fluid
subtype: hypervitaminosis an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K
subtype: hypospadias__hypospadia an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis
subtype: lagophthalmos__lagophthalmo abnormal condition in which an eye cannot close completely
subtype: mental_abnormality any abnormality of mental function
subtype: organic_brain_syndrome__organicbrainsyndrome mental abnormality resulting from disturbance of the structure or function of the brain
subtype: nanophthalmos__nanophthalmo condition in which both eyes are abnormally small but otherwise normal
subtype: palmature an abnormality in which the fingers are webbed
subtype: dysplasia abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
subtype: aplasia failure of some tissue or organ to develop
subtype: fibrous_dysplasia_of_bone a disturbance in which bone that is undergoing lysis is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting in bone lesions or skin lesions
subtype: Albright's_disease__polyostotic_fibrous_dysplasia__polyostoticfibrousdysplasia fibrous dysplasia of bone affecting multiple bones
subtype: monostotic_fibrous_dysplasia fibrous dysplasia of bone confined to a single bone
subtype: hypertrophy abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
subtype: adenomegaly gland enlargement
subtype: cor_pulmonale__corpulmonale enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart due to disease of the lungs or of the pulmonary blood vessels
subtype: dactylomegaly abnormally large fingers or toes
subtype: elephantiasis__elephantiasi hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis
subtype: elephantiasis_neuromatosa__elephantiasisneuromatosa hypertrophy of a limb
subtype: elephantiasis_scroti__elephantiasisscroti__chyloderma swelling of the scrotum resulting from chronic lymphatic obstruction
subtype: nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
subtype: splenomegaly an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
subtype: giantism__gigantism__overgrowth excessive size; usually caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
subtype: acromegaly__acromegalia enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face; often accompanied by headache and muscle pain and emotional disturbances; caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland (due to a tumor)
subtype: hyperplasia abnormal increase in number of cells
subtype: benign_prostatic_hyperplasia__BPH enlarged prostate; appears to be part of the natural aging process
subtype: hypoplasia underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells
subtype: anaplasia loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
subtype: hydrocephalus__hydrocephalu__hydrocephaly an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
subtype: abrachia the condition of having no arms
subtype: progeria a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (gray hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child
subtype: atypicality__untypicality any state that is not typical
subtype: arrested_development__fixation__infantile_fixation__infantilefixation__regression an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely
subtype: aberrance__aberrancy__aberration__deviance an aberrant state or condition
subtype: chromosomal_aberration__chromosomalaberration__chromosomal_anomaly__chromosomalanomaly__chrosomal_abnormality__chrosomalabnormality__chromosonal_disorder__chromosonaldisorder any change in the normal structure or number of chromosomes; often results in physical or mental abnormalities
subtype: monosomy chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
subtype: trisomy chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
subtype: mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21 a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
subtype: sex-linked_disorder any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones; "hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome"
subtype: hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
subtype: Turner's_syndrome a chromosomal disorder in females who have only one X chromosome; marked by dwarfism and heart abnormalities and underdeveloped sex organs
subtype: deflection__warp a twist or aberration; especially a perverse or abnormal way of judging or acting
subtype: cyclopia a developmental abnormality in which there is only one eye
subtype: spinal_curvature an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
subtype: kyphosis__humpback__hunchback an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
subtype: lordosis__hollow-back an abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column
subtype: scoliosis__scoliosi an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
subtype: subnormality the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
subtype: anomalousness__anomalousnes deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
subtype: birth_defect__birthdefect__congenital_anomaly__congenital_defect__congenital_disorder__congenital_abnormality a defect that is present at birth
subtype: ablepharia a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
subtype: albinism the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
subtype: anencephaly__anencephalia a defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres
subtype: ametria congenital absence of the uterus
subtype: color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
subtype: epispadias a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis
subtype: clinocephaly__clinocephalism a congenital defect in which the top of the head is depressed (concave instead of convex)
subtype: clinodactyly a congenital defect in which one or more toes or fingers are abnormally positioned
subtype: macroglossia a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome
subtype: mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21 a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
subtype: oxycephaly__acrocephaly a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
subtype: cleft_lip__cleftlip__harelip__cheiloschisis__cheiloschisi a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip
subtype: cleft_palate__cleftpalate a congenital fissure of the hard palate
subtype: amelia congenital absence of an arm or leg
subtype: meromelia congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
subtype: adactylia__adactyly__adactylism congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
subtype: phocomelia__seal_limbs an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps; rare condition that results from taking thalidomide during pregnancy
subtype: encephalocele protrusion of brain tissue through a congenital fissure in the skull
subtype: familial_hypercholesterolemia congenital disorder characterized by high levels of cholesterol and early development of atherosclerosis
subtype: meningocele a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)
subtype: myelomeningocele a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation
subtype: plagiocephaly congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
subtype: polysomy congenital defect of having one or more extra chromosomes in somatic cells
subtype: hermaphroditism congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
subtype: pseudohermaphroditism congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex
subtype: scaphocephaly congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
subtype: congenital_heart_defect a birth defect involving the heart
subtype: septal_defect a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart
subtype: atrial_septal_defect an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the heart
subtype: ventricular_septal_defect a common congenital heart defect; an abnormal opening in the septum dividing the ventricles allows blood to pass directly from the left to the right ventricle; large openings may cause congestive heart failure
subtype: tetralogy_of_Fallot__Fallot's_tetralogy__Fallot's_syndrome a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
subtype: spina_bifida__spinabifida__rachischisis__schistorrhachis__schistorrhachi a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
subtype: spinocerebellar_disorder__spinocerebellardisorder any of several congenital disorders marked by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord resulting in spasticity and ataxia
subtype: polydactyly__hyperdactyly birth defect (in humans) characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes
subtype: syndactyly__syndactylism birth defect (in humans) in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes
subtype: tongue_tie__ankyloglossia a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue
subtype: gynecomastia excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)
subtype: infantilism.abnormalcy an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics
subtype: ateleiosis__ateliosis__ateliosi a form of infantilism characterized by physical underdevelopment but normal intelligence
subtype: macrocephaly__megacephaly__megalocephaly an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical
subtype: microbrachia abnormally small arms
subtype: microcephaly__microcephalus__microcephalu__nanocephaly an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
subtype: pachycheilia an abnormal thickness of the lips
subtype: phimosis an abnormal tightness of the foreskin preventing retraction over the glans
subtype: sequela any abnormality following or resulting from a disease or injury or treatment; "paralysis is one of the sequelae of poliomyelitis"
subtype: strabismus__squint abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
subtype: cross-eye__crosseye__crossed_eye__crossedeye__convergent_strabismus__esotropia strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
subtype: walleye__divergent_strabismus__exotropia strabismus in which one or both eyes are directed outward
subtype: torticollis__torticolli__wryneck an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted
subtype: varix abnormally enlarged or twisted blood vessel or lymphatic vessel
subtype: varicosity varix or varicose condition in which a vein is swollen and tortuous
subtype: lactosuria presence of lactose in the urine; can occur during pregnancy or lactation
subtype: environmental_condition__environmentalcondition the state of the environment
subtype: climate__mood the prevailing psychological state; "the climate of opinion"; "the national mood had changed radically since the last election"
subtype: ambience__atmosphere__ambiance a particular environment or surrounding influence; "there was an atmosphere of excitement"
subtype: unsusceptibility__immunity the state of not being susceptible: "unsusceptibility to rust"
subtype: immunity.state__resistance (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease
subtype: subservience the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan; "all his actions were in subservience to the general plan"
subtype: susceptibility__susceptibleness__susceptiblenes the state of being susceptible; easily affected
subtype: wetness__wetnes the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); "he confirmed the wetness of the paint"
subtype: dryness__drynes__waterlessnes__xerote the condition of not containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water)
subtype: safety.state the state of being safe; "the safety of the children"
subtype: danger.state the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; "you are in no danger"; "there was widespread danger of disease"
subtype: tensity__tension__tenseness__tensenes__tautnes the physical condition of being stretched or strained; "it places great tension on the leg muscles"; "he could feel the tenseness of her body"
subtype: atonicity__atony__atonia__amyotonia lack of normal muscular tension or tonus
subtype: repair.state a formal way of referring to the condition of something; "the building was in good repair"
subtype: soundness__soundnes a state or condition free from damage or decay
subtype: mutism the condition of being unable or unwilling to speak
subtype: eye_condition__eyecondition the condition of the optical properties of the eye
subtype: unsoundness__unsoundnes a condition of damage or decay
subtype: iniquity__wickedness__darkness__dark absence of moral or spiritual values; "the powers of darkness"
subtype: light.state__illumination a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow God's light"
subtype: malady any unwholesome or desperate condition; "what maladies afflict our nation?"
subtype: serration.state the condition of being serrated; "the serrations of a city skyline"
subtype: fruition the condition of bearing fruit
subtype: impaction.state the condition of being pressed closely together and firmly fixed
subtype: rustication.state the condition naturally attaching to life in the country
subtype: perfect_condition__perfectcondition
subtype: worn
subtype: conditionality the state of being conditional
subtype: state_of_affairs__situation the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; "the present international situation is dangerous"; "wondered how such a state of affairs had come about"; "eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation"- Franklin D.Roosevelt
subtype: relationship a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); "he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship"
subtype: relationship.state a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries
subtype: tribalism.state the state of living together in tribes
subtype: utopia ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects
subtype: dystopia state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror
subtype: wild__natural_state__naturalstate__state_of_nature a wild primitive state untouched by civilization; "he lived in the wild"
subtype: isomerism the state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers
subtype: degree.state__level__stage__point a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"
subtype: office.state__power (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage"; "during his first year in power"
subtype: status__position the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society: "he had the status of a minor"; "the novel attained the status of a classic"; "atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life"
subtype: beingness__beingnes__existence the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
subtype: nonbeing the state of not being
subtype: death.state the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
subtype: employ__employment the state of being employed or having a job; "they are looking for employment"; "he was in the employ of the city"
subtype: unemployment the state of being unemployed or not having a job: "unemployment is a serious social evil"; "the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy"
subtype: order.state established customary state (especially of society); "order ruled in the streets"; "law and order"
subtype: disorder a disturbance of the peace or of public order
subtype: enmity__hostility__antagonism a state of deep-seated ill-will
subtype: conflict.state a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests; "his conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post"; "a conflict of loyalties"
subtype: illumination the degree of visibility of your environment
subtype: freedom the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
subtype: representation.state__delegacy__agency the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
subtype: dependance__dependence__dependency lack of independence or self-sufficiency
subtype: motionlessness__stillness__stillnes a state of no motion or movement
subtype: non-issue__nonissue__dead_letter the state of something that has outlived its relevance
subtype: action.state__activity__activeness the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action"
subtype: inaction.state__inactivity__inactiveness the state of being inactive
subtype: temporary_state__temporarystate a state that continues for a limited time
subtype: imminence__imminency__impendence__impendency__forthcomingness the state of being imminent and liable to happen soon
subtype: preparedness__readiness__readines the state of being ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); "putting them in readiness"
subtype: kalemia the presence of potassium in the circulating blood
subtype: union.state the state of being united; "there is strength in union"
subtype: matureness__maturity state of being mature; full development
subtype: immaturity__immatureness not having reached maturity
subtype: state_of_grace__grace__saving_grace a state of sanctification by God
subtype: eternal_damnation__eternaldamnation__damnation the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell
subtype: omniscience the state of being omniscient; having infinite knowledge
subtype: omnipotence the state of being omnipotent; having unlimited power
subtype: flawlessness__perfection__ne_plus_ultra the state of being without a flaw or defect
subtype: unity__integrity__wholeness__wholenes an unreduced or unbroken completeness or totality
subtype: imperfection__imperfectness__imperfectnes the state or an instance of being imperfect
subtype: receivership.state the state of property that is in the hands of a receiver; "the business is in receivership"
subtype: ownership.state the state or fact of being an owner
subtype: end.state__destruction__death a final state; "he came to a bad end"; "the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end"
subtype: sale.state the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "vitamin C is on sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"
subtype: turgor (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
subtype: polyvalence__polyvalency__multivalence__mulltivalency the state of being polyvalent
subtype: feeling the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"
subtype: cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
subtype: unconscious_process__unconsciousproces__process__proces a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"
subtype: human_action__humanaction__act__human_activity__humanactivity something that people do or cause to happen
subtype: phenomenon any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
subtype: event something that happens at a given place and time
subtype: strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class__NEP.S this kind of perdurant have at least two instances not related by a part relation
subtype: cumulative_perdurant_class__CM a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant is of this kind of perdurant
subtype: anticumulative_perdurant_class__CM~ a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant (unconnected by a part relation) is not of this kind of perdurant
subtype: homeomerous_perdurant_class__homeomerousperdurantclas__hom any part is of the same type
subtype: anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM~ no part is of the same type
subtype: atomic_perdurant_class__AT no perdurant of this kind has a proper part
subtype: anti-atomic_perdurant_class__AT~ any perdurant of this kind has a proper part
instance: situation something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space
subtype: attribute_class__attributeclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute
subtype: substance_class__substanceclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance
subtype: virtual_class__virtualclas class that should not be used directly: its subtypes should be used instead
instance: class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm)
instance: thing__something___T__t___3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else any category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type
instance: nothing (pm)
instance: binary_relation_type all binary relation types are instance of that object
subtype: universal__UNIVERSAL
subtype: 1st_order_type__1stordertype__type1 all 1st order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 2nd-order type
subtype: 2nd_order_type__2ndordertype__type2 all 2nd order types are implicitely or explicitely instance of that 3rd order type
subtype: set_or_class like sumo#set_or_class but including rdfs#class too
subtype: description_content__descriptioncontent__information e.g., a narration, an hypothesis
subtype: abstract__abstract_entity distinguished from sumo#abstract because John Sowa does not seem to categorize all types of relations, sets, classes, attributes, quantities and graphs under this category; see http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/toplevel.htm and http://www.jfsowa.com/ontology/roles.htm
subtype: abstract__abstraction__ab
subtype: quantity any specification of how many or how much of something there is
subtype: abstract_object a thing that does not exist in space-time; click here for details
abstract has many specializing statements. Browse its subtypes, or click here for a search form or here to represent such an object.
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