rdfs#class__clas rdfs#class has pm#binary_relation_type as instance and hence is different from sumo#class
supertype: type (pm) set_or_class (pm) instance: binary_relation_type all binary relation types are instance of that object
instance: binary_relation (?,?) in WebKB, most relation types are binary and some have a variable number of arguments (as in KIF), hence this type is currently only specialized by types that I do not want to see as direct subtypes of pm#relation
subtype: unary_function__unaryfunction (? -> ?) function that requires a single argument; currently not specialized by the SUMO ternary relations since this seems useless (for now)
subtype: Relation (?,?) to specify a reference to a related resource; in WebKB, pm#relation or MORE PRECISE RELATION TYPES SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD
subtype: refers (?,?) the 1st argument mentions or includes a reference to the 2nd argument, e.g., an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of oil may refer to many other things, e.g., the general state of the economy, the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, etc.
subtype: names__name (string,?) the string names the 2nd argument
subtype: unique_identifier (string,?) the string uniquely identifies the 2nd argument
subtype: represents (?,?) the 1st argument in some way indicates, expresses, connotes, pictures, describes ... the 2nd argument
subtype: contains_information (content_bearing_object,proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
subtype: realization (?,?)
subtype: see_also__seealso (?,entity)
subtype: is_defined_by (?,entity) in WebKB, pm#definition SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD
subtype: definition (?,description_content/medium/container) see also #definition
subtype: definition (description_content/medium/container,description_content/medium/container) a logical relation should be used instead of this relation
subtype: imports__import (?,entity) if imports(X,Y) and you believe X, then you should believe what is in Y
subtype: Type (?,entity) to specify the nature or genre of the content of a resource; SHOULD NOT BE USED IN WEBKB
subtype: instance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named instance_of; an object is an instance of a set_or_class if it is included in that set_or_class; an individual may be an instance of many classes, some of which may be subclasses of others; thus, there is no assumption in the meaning of instance about specificity or uniqueness
subtype: kind__type___class___instance_of__instanceof (?,class) the '^' link in the FT notation
subtype: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
subtype: Description (?,entity) to specify an account of the content of a resource; in WebKB, pm#topic or pmdescr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD
subtype: topic (?,entity)
subtype: annotation (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: descr (?,description_content/medium/container) for connecting an object to a formal representation of it, e.g., a representation written with a fcg
subtype: Subject (description,entity) to specify 1 or several topics; in WebKB, pm#descr SHOULD BE USED INSTEAD
subtype: origin (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: use (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: advantage (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: disadvantage (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: definition (?,description_content/medium/container) see also #definition
subtype: role (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: requirement (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: issue (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: trap (?,description_content/medium/container)
subtype: url (?,URL)
subtype: file_or_file_element (?,description_container)
subtype: file (?,document_element)
subtype: home_page (?,document_element)
subtype: file_element (?,document_element)
subtype: descr_in__descrin (?,description_container) when a thing t has a description stored in a description container dc, there is a relation pm#descr_in from t to dc
subtype: descr_container__description_support___descr_support (description,description_container) permits to associate a statement with an object on which it is represented
subtype: version_info__versioninfo (? -> entity) generally, a string giving information about this version; e.g., RCS/CVS keywords
subtype: title (? -> string) for connecting an object to its "title" in a natural language
subtype: comment for connecting an object to an informal representation of it, typically a node with a string inside; in WebKB, the FT and FCG notations permit to avoid using this relation type
subtype: relation_from_or_to_WordNet_type (*)
subtype: menu (meal_shop,food_or_beverage)
subtype: before (?,?)
subtype: before (time_measure,time_measure)
subtype: before_time (situation,time_measure)
subtype: later_situation__latersituation (situation,situation)
subtype: next_situation (situation -> situation)
subtype: successor (situation -> situation)
subtype: ending_situation__termination (situation -> situation)
subtype: postcondition (process,situation)
subtype: consequence (situation,situation) see also rst#effect
subtype: after (?,?)
subtype: after (time_measure,time_measure)
subtype: until_time__untiltime__to_time (situation -> time_measure)
subtype: arrival_time__arrivaltime (process -> time_measure)
subtype: before_situation (situation,situation) in WebKB, do not use these relations, use their inverses
subtype: previous_situation (situation -> situation)
subtype: beginning_situation__beginningsituation (situation -> situation)
subtype: precondition (process,situation)
subtype: cause (situation,situation) see also rst#cause
subtype: causes (process,process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
instance: distributes__distribute (binary_function_type,binary_function_type) a binary_function ?F1 is distributive over another binary_function ?F2 just in case (?F1 ?INST1 (?F2 ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?F2 (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST2) (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST3)), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3
subtype: unary_function_type class of functions requiring a single argument; if R is functional, then if R(x -> y) and P(x -> z) then y=z
instance: unary_function__unaryfunction (? -> ?) function that requires a single argument; currently not specialized by the SUMO ternary relations since this seems useless (for now)
instance: power_set_fn__powersetfn (set_or_class -> set_or_class) maps the argument to the set_or_class of all its subclasses
instance: front_fn__frontfn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: back_fn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: abstraction_fn__abstractionfn (class -> Attribute) a unary_function that maps a class into an attribute that specifies the condition(s) for membership in the class
instance: extension_fn__extensionfn (Attribute -> class) a unary_function that maps an attribute into the class whose condition for membership is the attribute
instance: probability_fn__probabilityfn (formula -> real_number) one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula
instance: list_length_fn (list -> nonnegative_integer) returns the number of items in the list, e.g., (sumo#list_length_fn (sumo#list_fn Monday Tuesday Wednesday)) would return the value 3
instance: property_fn (agentive_physical_object -> set) maps an agent to the set of objects owned by the agent
instance: absolute_value_fn ()
instance: ceiling_fn__ceilingfn ()
instance: cosine_fn ()
instance: denominator_fn__denominatorfn ()
instance: floor_fn__floorfn ()
instance: imaginary_part_fn ()
instance: integer_square_root_fn ()
instance: numerator_fn__numeratorfn ()
instance: rational_number_fn ()
instance: real_number_fn ()
instance: reciprocal_fn ()
instance: round_fn__roundfn ()
instance: signum_fn ()
instance: sine_fn ()
instance: square_root_fn ()
instance: tangent_fn__tangentfn ()
instance: successor_fn__successorfn ()
instance: predecessor_fn__predecessorfn ()
instance: complement_fn ()
instance: generalized_union_fn__generalizedunionfn ()
instance: generalized_intersection_fn ()
instance: cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn (?,?)
instance: kilo_fn ()
instance: mega_fn ()
instance: giga_fn ()
instance: tera_fn ()
instance: milli_fn__millifn ()
instance: micro_fn__microfn ()
instance: nano_fn ()
instance: pico_fn ()
instance: magnitude_fn__magnitudefn ()
instance: wealth_fn ()
instance: begin_fn__beginfn (?,?)
instance: end_fn__endfn (?,?)
instance: when_fn (physical -> time_interval) maps an object or process ?p to the exact time_interval during which it exists (for every time_point ?t outside of the time_interval, (time ?p ?t) does not hold
instance: past_fn (?,?)
instance: immediate_past_fn (?,?)
instance: future_fn (?,?)
instance: immediate_future_fn (?,?)
instance: year_fn (?,?)
instance: hole_host_fn (object,*)
instance: hole_skin_fn (object,*)
instance: immediate_family_fn ()
instance: government_fn ()
instance: premises_fn ()
subtype: unary_constant_function_quantity_type unary function that maps from sumo#constant_quantity to the same class
subtype: time_dependent_quantity_type a unary_constant_function of continuous time; all instances of this class map a time quantity into another constant_quantity such as temperature; for example, 'the temperature at the top of the Empire State Building' is a time_dependent_quantity since its value depends on the time
subtype: one_to_one_function_type a function F is one to one just in case for all X, Y in the domain of F, if X is not identical to Y, then F(X) is not identical to F(Y)
subtype: sequence_function_type class of one_to_one_functions whose range is a subclass of the positive_integers
instance: unary_function__unaryfunction power_set_fn__powersetfn front_fn__frontfn back_fn abstraction_fn__abstractionfn extension_fn__extensionfn probability_fn__probabilityfn list_length_fn property_fn absolute_value_fn ceiling_fn__ceilingfn cosine_fn denominator_fn__denominatorfn floor_fn__floorfn imaginary_part_fn integer_square_root_fn numerator_fn__numeratorfn rational_number_fn real_number_fn reciprocal_fn round_fn__roundfn signum_fn sine_fn square_root_fn tangent_fn__tangentfn successor_fn__successorfn predecessor_fn__predecessorfn complement_fn generalized_union_fn__generalizedunionfn generalized_intersection_fn cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn kilo_fn mega_fn giga_fn tera_fn milli_fn__millifn micro_fn__microfn nano_fn pico_fn magnitude_fn__magnitudefn wealth_fn begin_fn__beginfn end_fn__endfn when_fn past_fn immediate_past_fn future_fn immediate_future_fn year_fn hole_host_fn hole_skin_fn immediate_family_fn government_fn premises_fn
subtype: binary_predicate_type the class of predicates relating two items - its valence is two
instance: instance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named instance_of; an object is an instance of a set_or_class if it is included in that set_or_class; an individual may be an instance of many classes, some of which may be subclasses of others; thus, there is no assumption in the meaning of instance about specificity or uniqueness
instance: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
instance: subclass__subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every instance of the 1st argument is also an instance of the 2nd argument; a class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses
subtype: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
instance: subrelation (relation_type,relation_type) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every tuple of the 1st argument (r1) is also a tuple of the 2nd argument (r2), i.e. if r1 holds for some arguments arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n, then the r2 holds for the same arguments; a consequence of this is that a relation and its subrelations must have the same valence
subtype: sub_property_of (binary_relation_type,binary_relation_type) in WebKB, use the link '<'
instance: equal (?,?) "=" in KIF; true if the 1st argument is identical to the 2nd
subtype: same_as (?,?) MORE PRECISE TYPES THAN THIS ONE SHOULD BE USED
subtype: same_type_as (type,type)
subtype: equivalent_class (class,class) in WebKB, use the link '='
subtype: equivalent_property (binary_relation_type,binary_relation_type) in WebKB, use the link '='
subtype: same_individual_as (?,?)
instance: range (function_type,set_or_class) gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class
instance: range_subclass (function_type,set_or_class) all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment
instance: valence (relation_type,positive_integer) specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g., sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation
instance: documentation (?,string) a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation
instance: disjoint (set_or_class,set_or_class) classes are exclusive/disjoint only if they share no instance (and hence no subtype), i.e. just in case the result of applying sumo#intersection_fn to them is empty
instance: related_internal_concept (?,?) the two arguments are related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity of meaning between them; to indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and a concept from another source, use sumo#related_external_concept
instance: sub_attribute__subattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument can be ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it
instance: successor_attribute__successorattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share
instance: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
instance: entails__entail (formula,formula) the second argument is logically entailed from the first by means of the proof theory of SUO-KIF
instance: material__material_type_of (substance_class,corpuscular_object) all other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one; it means that the 2nd argument is structurally made up in part of the 1st argument; this relation encompasses the concepts of 'composed of', 'made of', and 'formed of'; for example, plastic is a material of my computer monitor; since part is a reflexive_relation, every object is a part of itself
instance: sub_collection__subcollection__sub_collection_of (collection,collection) the 1st collection is a proper part of the 2nd
instance: contains_information (content_bearing_object,proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
instance: leader__leader_of (human,agentive_physical_object) (sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON
instance: property (?,Attribute)
subtype: attribute (object,Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
subtype: manner (process,Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
instance: less_than (quantity,quantity)
instance: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
instance: less_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
instance: greater_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
instance: increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true
instance: decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true
instance: independent_probability__independentprobability (formula,formula) the probabilities of the formulas being true are independent
instance: in_scope_of_interest (cognitive_agent,?) the 2nd argument is within the scope of interest of the agent; the interest indicated can be either positive or negative
instance: in_list (?,list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
instance: sub_list__sublist__sub_list_of (list,list) the 1st argument is a sublist of the 2nd, i.e. every element of the 1st is an element of the 2nd and the elements that are common to both lists have the same order in both lists
subtype: initial_list__initiallist (list,list) the 1st argument (?L1) is a sublist of the 2nd (?L2), and (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (sumo#list_order_fn ?L2 ?N) for all of the values of ?N over which (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?N) is defined
instance: initial_list__initiallist (list,list) the 1st argument (?L1) is a sublist of the 2nd (?L2), and (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (sumo#list_order_fn ?L2 ?N) for all of the values of ?N over which (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?N) is defined
instance: closed_on (function_type,set_or_class) a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class
instance: reflexive_on__reflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
instance: irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
instance: partial_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation
instance: total_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class
instance: trichotomizing_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class)
instance: equivalence_relation_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation
instance: distributes__distribute (binary_function_type,binary_function_type) a binary_function ?F1 is distributive over another binary_function ?F2 just in case (?F1 ?INST1 (?F2 ?INST2 ?INST3)) is equal to (?F2 (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST2) (?F1 ?INST1 ?INST3)), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3
instance: causes (process,process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
instance: causes_subclass (sumo_process_class,sumo_process_class) the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g., (causes_subclass killing death)
instance: copy (object,object) relates an object to an exact copy of the object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location
instance: time (physical,time_position) means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively
instance: holds_during__holdsduring (time_position,formula) means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position
instance: exploits (object,agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
instance: has_purpose__haspurpose (physical,formula) the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on
instance: has_skill__hasskill (sumo_process_class,agentive_physical_object) similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree
instance: partly_located__partly_located_at (physical,object) the instance of the 1st argument is at least partially located at the 2nd argument, e.g., Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe
subtype: contains (self_connected_object,object) the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g., an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2
subtype: located (physical,object) the 1st argument is partly_located at the object, and there is no part or sub_process of the 1st argument that is not located at the object
subtype: exactly_located (physical,object) the actual, minimal location of an object
instance: traverses__traverse (object,object) the first object crosses or extends across the second; note that crosses and penetrates are subrelations of traverses
subtype: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
subtype: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
instance: possesses__possesse (agentive_physical_object,object) the agent has ownership of the object
instance: precondition (?,?)
instance: inhibits (?,?)
instance: prevents (?,?)
instance: refers (?,?) the 1st argument mentions or includes a reference to the 2nd argument, e.g., an article whose topic is a recent change in the price of oil may refer to many other things, e.g., the general state of the economy, the weather in California, the prospect of global warming, the options for alternative energy sources, the stock prices of various oil companies, etc.
instance: subsumes_content_class (?,?)
instance: subsumes_content_instance (?,?)
instance: expressed_in_language (?,?)
instance: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
instance: uses (?,?)
instance: identity_element (?,?)
instance: element (?,?)
instance: measure (?,?)
instance: larger (object,*)
instance: smaller (object,*)
instance: duration (?,?)
instance: frequency (?,?)
instance: temporal_part (?,?)
instance: before_or_equal (?,?)
instance: overlaps_temporally (?,?)
instance: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
instance: earlier (?,?)
instance: cooccur (?,?)
instance: date (?,?)
instance: connected (object,*)
instance: hole (object,*)
instance: sub_process__subproces (?,?)
instance: transaction_amount__transactionamount ()
instance: geographic_subregion (?,?)
instance: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
instance: inhabits (?,?)
instance: authors__author (?,?)
instance: editor (?,?)
instance: publishes__publishe (?,?)
instance: version (?,?)
instance: wears__wear ()
instance: family_relation (?,?)
instance: parent (?,?)
instance: sibling (?,?)
instance: legal_relation__legalrelation (?,?)
instance: employs__employ ()
instance: citizen (?,?)
instance: premise ()
instance: conclusion ()
instance: consistent (?,?)
instance: faces__face ()
instance: modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
instance: geometric_part__geometricpart (?,?)
instance: parallel ()
instance: angular_measure__angularmeasure ()
instance: line_measure ()
subtype: case_relation_type the class of predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a process. e.g., the agent, patient or destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain
instance: doer/object/result/place (situation,?)
subtype: doer/object/result (situation,?)
subtype: agent__doer (situation [48..*],entity [49..*])
subtype: organizer (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: participant (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: seller__vendor___vender (situation -> goal_directed_agent)
subtype: customer__client___buyer__buyer___purchaser__purchaser___vendee (situation,goal_directed_agent)
subtype: responsible_agent__responsibleagent (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: agent (process,agentive_physical_object) the 2nd argument is an active determinant, animate or inanimate, of the process
subtype: initiator (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: object/result (situation,?)
subtype: instrument (situation,entity)
subtype: instrument (process,object) the 2nd argument is used in bringing about the first and is not changed by it, e.g., the key is an instrument in 'the key opened the door'; instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair
subtype: object__patient___theme__theme (situation,?)
subtype: input (process,?)
subtype: material (process,?)
subtype: parameter (process,?)
subtype: input_output__inputoutput (process,?)
subtype: modified_object (process,?)
subtype: muted_object__mutedobject (process,?)
subtype: deleted_object__deletedobject (process,?)
subtype: patient (process,?) the 2nd argument may be moved, said, experienced, etc; the direct objects in 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients; the patient of a process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the process
subtype: instrument (process,object) the 2nd argument is used in bringing about the first and is not changed by it, e.g., the key is an instrument in 'the key opened the door'; instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair
subtype: resource (process,object) the object is present at the beginning of the process, is used by it, and as a consequence is changed by it; for example, soap is a resource in 'the gun was carved out of soap'; resource differs from instrument in that its internal or physical properties are altered in some way by the process
subtype: result (process,?) the 2nd argument is the product of the process, e.g., house is a result in 'Eric built a house'
subtype: result (situation,?)
subtype: output (process,?)
subtype: result (process,?) the 2nd argument is the product of the process, e.g., house is a result in 'Eric built a house'
subtype: from/to (situation,entity)
subtype: source (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: recipient (situation,entity)
subtype: beneficiary (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: from/to_place__from/toplace (process -> spatial_object)
subtype: from_place (process -> spatial_object)
subtype: to_place__destination (process -> spatial_object)
subtype: via_place__viaplace__via (process -> spatial_object)
subtype: path (process -> spatial_object)
subtype: origin__from (process,object) the 2nd argument (which must be present at least at the beginning of the process) indicates where the process began; for example, the submarine is the origin in 'the missile was launched from a submarine'
subtype: destination__to (process,entity) the 2nd parameter is the target or goal of the process; for example, Danbury would be the destination in 'Bob went to Danbury'; this is a very general case_role which, in particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'; thus, John would be the destination in 'Tom gave a book to John'
subtype: place (situation -> spatial_object)
subtype: path_length (process -> spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure)
instance: experiencer (situation,causal_entity)
subtype: experiencer (process,agentive_physical_object) e.g., Yojo is the experiencer of seeing in 'Yojo sees the fish'; unlike agent, this relation does not entail a causal relation between the arguments
instance: exploits (object,agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
instance: agent (process,agentive_physical_object) the 2nd argument is an active determinant, animate or inanimate, of the process
instance: destination__to (process,entity) the 2nd parameter is the target or goal of the process; for example, Danbury would be the destination in 'Bob went to Danbury'; this is a very general case_role which, in particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'; thus, John would be the destination in 'Tom gave a book to John'
instance: experiencer (process,agentive_physical_object) e.g., Yojo is the experiencer of seeing in 'Yojo sees the fish'; unlike agent, this relation does not entail a causal relation between the arguments
instance: origin__from (process,object) the 2nd argument (which must be present at least at the beginning of the process) indicates where the process began; for example, the submarine is the origin in 'the missile was launched from a submarine'
instance: patient (process,?) the 2nd argument may be moved, said, experienced, etc; the direct objects in 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients; the patient of a process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the process
instance: path ()
instance: direction ()
instance: doer/object/result/place experiencer exploits agent destination__to experiencer origin__from patient path direction
instance: instance inverse__reverse subclass__subclass_of subrelation equal range range_subclass valence documentation disjoint related_internal_concept sub_attribute__subattribute successor_attribute__successorattribute successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure entails__entail material__material_type_of sub_collection__subcollection__sub_collection_of contains_information leader__leader_of property less_than greater_than__greaterthan less_than_or_equal_to greater_than_or_equal_to increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of independent_probability__independentprobability in_scope_of_interest in_list sub_list__sublist__sub_list_of initial_list__initiallist closed_on reflexive_on__reflexiveon irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon partial_ordering_on total_ordering_on trichotomizing_on equivalence_relation_on distributes__distribute causes causes_subclass copy time holds_during__holdsduring exploits has_purpose__haspurpose has_skill__hasskill partly_located__partly_located_at traverses__traverse possesses__possesse precondition inhibits prevents refers subsumes_content_class subsumes_content_instance expressed_in_language sub_proposition__subproposition uses identity_element element measure larger smaller duration frequency temporal_part before_or_equal overlaps_temporally meets_temporally__meetstemporally earlier cooccur date connected hole sub_process__subproces transaction_amount__transactionamount geographic_subregion developmental_form__developmentalform inhabits authors__author editor publishes__publishe version wears__wear family_relation parent sibling legal_relation__legalrelation employs__employ citizen premise conclusion consistent faces__face modal_attribute__modalattribute geometric_part__geometricpart parallel angular_measure__angularmeasure line_measure
subtype: injective_binary_relation_type if P is injective, then if P(x,y) and P(z,y) then x=z; e.g., if nameOfMonth(m,"Feb") and nameOfMonth(n,"Feb") then m and n are the same month
instance: injective_binary_relation (?,?) if P is injective, then if P(x,y) and P(z,y) then x=z; e.g., if nameOfMonth(m,"Feb") and nameOfMonth(n,"Feb") then m and n are the same month; this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#injective_binary_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: injective_binary_relation
subtype: reflexive_relation_type a relation is reflexive if (?REL ?INST ?INST) for all ?INST
instance: reflexive_relation__reflexiverelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#reflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: equivalence_relation__equivalencerelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#equivalence_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: similar (?,?) DO NOT USE SUCH A RELATION TYPE DIRECTLY
subtype: closely_similar__closelysimilar (?,?) the '~' link in WebKB-2: currently only used between categories for Greek gods and their Roman counterparts, and between some types from the 3D (endurantist) approach and their counterparts from the 4D (perdurantist) approach or the ?D (vague/unspecified) approach)
subtype: loosely_similar__looselysimilar (?,?)
subtype: related_to__relatedto (?,?) the '&' link in WebKB-2 (currently used for representing a sumo#related_internal_concept relation)
subtype: related_internal_concept (?,?) the two arguments are related concepts within the SUMO, i.e. there is a significant similarity of meaning between them; to indicate a meaning relation between a SUMO concept and a concept from another source, use sumo#related_external_concept
subtype: equal (?,?) "=" in KIF; true if the 1st argument is identical to the 2nd
subtype: equivalence__equivalentTo___iff__iff (description,description)
subtype: copy (object,object) relates an object to an exact copy of the object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location
subtype: equivalent_content_class (?,?)
subtype: equivalent_content_instance (?,?)
subtype: cooccur (?,?)
subtype: family_relation (?,?)
subtype: partial_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#partial_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: total_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#total_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: inferior_to__less_than___superior__superior (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
subtype: superior_to__more_than___inferior__inferior (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
subtype: before (time_measure,time_measure)
subtype: after (time_measure,time_measure)
subtype: before_location__before (spatial_object,spatial_object)
subtype: inferior_or_equal_to__less_than_or_equal_to___superior_or_equal___maximum__maximum (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
subtype: superior_or_equal_to__more_than_or_equal_to___inferior_or_equal___minimum__minimum (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
subtype: generalizing_type (?,type) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
subtype: supertype (type,type) in the FT notation, the '<' link is only used to connect to a "strict" supertype
subtype: sub_class_of__subclassof__super_class__superclas (class,class) in WebKB, use the link '<'
subtype: subrelation (relation_type,relation_type) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every tuple of the 1st argument (r1) is also a tuple of the 2nd argument (r2), i.e. if r1 holds for some arguments arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n, then the r2 holds for the same arguments; a consequence of this is that a relation and its subrelations must have the same valence
subtype: kind__type___class___instance_of__instanceof (?,class) the '^' link in the FT notation
subtype: subclass__subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every instance of the 1st argument is also an instance of the 2nd argument; a class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses
subtype: specializing_type (type,?)
subtype: instance (type,?) the ':' link in the FT notation
subtype: subtype__subtype_or_equal (type,type) subtype links should actually be strict subtype links or not much checking can be done
subtype: strict_subtype (type,type) the '>' link in the FT notation
subtype: properly_subsumes_leaf__PSBL (type,type) the 2nd type is a leaf type properly subsumed by the 1st type
subtype: subsumes_leaf__SBL (type,type) the 2nd type is a leaf type subsumed by the 1st type
subtype: properly_subsumes_leaf__PSBL (type,type) the 2nd type is a leaf type properly subsumed by the 1st type
subtype: constitution (?,?)
subtype: substance (? -> ?)
subtype: matter (physical_entity -> physical_entity_part_or_substance)
subtype: constituted_by__constitutedby__substance___K__k (entity,entity)
subtype: has_member__hasmember (entity,entity)
subtype: part (?,?)
subtype: sub_situation__subsituation (situation,situation)
subtype: sub_process__subproces (process,process)
subtype: temporal_part__P.T (perdurant,perdurant)
subtype: spatial_part__spatialpart__P.S (perdurant,perdurant)
subtype: spatial_part__spatialpart (spatial_object,spatial_object)
subtype: physical_part (physical_entity,physical_entity)
subtype: sub_collection__subcollection (collection,collection) a partial order relation
subtype: ending_collection (collection,collection)
subtype: final_segment__finalsegment (collection,collection) the second collection is a final segment of the 1st
subtype: sublist__final_segment_of__finalsegmentof (list,list) USE pm#final_segment INSTEAD OF THIS RELATION TYPE; "sublist" is a misleading name; "final_segment_of" is better
subtype: main_part (?,?)
subtype: first_part__firstpart (?,?)
subtype: first (list -> ?)
subtype: first (list -> ?)
subtype: last_part (?,?)
subtype: last (list -> ?)
subtype: part_in_Dolce_Lite (entity,entity)
subtype: part (entity,entity) the subpart may or may not be different from the whole
subtype: component (entity,entity)
subtype: atomic_part (entity,atom) an undivisible part
subtype: temporary_atomic_part__AtP (entity,atom)
subtype: proper_part (entity,entity) the subpart is different from the whole
subtype: temporary_proper_part (endurant,endurant)
subtype: temporary_part__temporarypart (endurant,endurant)
subtype: temporary_component__temporarycomponent (endurant,endurant)
subtype: constant_part (entity,entity)
subtype: sibling_part__siblingpart (entity,entity)
subtype: in_proceedings (conference,publication)
subtype: wnMember (?,?) member relation in WordNet
subtype: member (collection,*)
subtype: domain_object (domain,?)
subtype: core_domain_object__central_object_of_domain (domain,?)
subtype: reverse_of_KIF_member (set,?) this type only exists to make the connection to kif#member (which should have been named kif#member_of to respect the common reading conventions of parameters)
subtype: item (list,?)
subtype: item (list,?) for item(L,I) read: I is an item in L; either first(L,I) or item(R,I) where rest(L,R)
subtype: li (collection,*)
subtype: first (list -> ?)
subtype: last (list -> ?)
subtype: butlast (list -> ?)
subtype: nth (list,positive_integer -> ?)
subtype: sub_collection__subcollection (collection,collection) a partial order relation
subtype: sub_attribute__subattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument can be ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it
subtype: sub_collection__subcollection__sub_collection_of (collection,collection) the 1st collection is a proper part of the 2nd
subtype: less_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
subtype: greater_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
subtype: sub_list__sublist__sub_list_of (list,list) the 1st argument is a sublist of the 2nd, i.e. every element of the 1st is an element of the 2nd and the elements that are common to both lists have the same order in both lists
subtype: initial_list__initiallist (list,list) the 1st argument (?L1) is a sublist of the 2nd (?L2), and (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (sumo#list_order_fn ?L2 ?N) for all of the values of ?N over which (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?N) is defined
subtype: subsumes_content_class (?,?)
subtype: subsumes_content_instance (?,?)
subtype: temporal_part (?,?)
subtype: before_or_equal (?,?)
subtype: sub_process__subproces (?,?)
subtype: sub_organization__suborganization (?,?)
subtype: geometric_part__geometricpart (?,?)
subtype: overlaps_temporally (?,?)
subtype: connected (object,*)
subtype: overlaps_spatially (?,?)
instance: overlaps_temporally (?,?)
instance: connected (object,*)
instance: overlaps_spatially (?,?)
subtype: equivalence_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
instance: equivalence_binary_relation ()
instance: equal (?,?) "=" in KIF; true if the 1st argument is identical to the 2nd
instance: copy (object,object) relates an object to an exact copy of the object, where an exact copy is indistinguishable from the original with regard to every property except (possibly) spatial and/or temporal location
instance: equivalent_content_class (?,?)
instance: equivalent_content_instance (?,?)
instance: cooccur (?,?)
instance: family_relation (?,?)
instance: equivalence_binary_relation equal copy equivalent_content_class equivalent_content_instance cooccur family_relation
subtype: partial_ordering_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive
instance: partial_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#partial_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: total_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#total_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: inferior_or_equal_to__less_than_or_equal_to___superior_or_equal___maximum__maximum (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
instance: superior_or_equal_to__more_than_or_equal_to___inferior_or_equal___minimum__minimum (?,?) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
instance: generalizing_type (?,type) fuzzy category, DO NOT USE DIRECTLY
instance: specializing_type (type,?)
instance: constitution (?,?)
instance: part (?,?)
instance: wnMember (?,?) member relation in WordNet
instance: sub_collection__subcollection (collection,collection) a partial order relation
instance: subclass__subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every instance of the 1st argument is also an instance of the 2nd argument; a class may have multiple superclasses and subclasses
instance: subrelation (relation_type,relation_type) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named subclass_of; every tuple of the 1st argument (r1) is also a tuple of the 2nd argument (r2), i.e. if r1 holds for some arguments arg_1, arg_2, ... arg_n, then the r2 holds for the same arguments; a consequence of this is that a relation and its subrelations must have the same valence
instance: sub_attribute__subattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument can be ascribed to everything which has the first argument ascribed to it
instance: part__part_of (object,object) this type should have been name sumo#part_of to respect the common reading conventions of parameters; all other mereological relations are defined in terms of this one; it means that the 1st argument is part of the 2nd; note that, since part is a reflexive_relation, every object is a part of itself
subtype: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
subtype: piece__piece_of__pieceof (substance,substance) a specialized common sense notion of part for arbitrary parts of substances; quasi-synonyms are: chunk, hunk, bit, etc; compare component, another subrelation of part
subtype: component__component_of__componentof (corpuscular_object,corpuscular_object) a specialized common sense notion of part for heterogeneous parts of complexes; the 1st argument is a component of the 2nd argument; examples: the doors and walls of a house, the states or provinces of a country, or the limbs and organs of an animal; compare with sumo#piece, another specialization of sumo#part
subtype: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
instance: sub_collection__subcollection__sub_collection_of (collection,collection) the 1st collection is a proper part of the 2nd
instance: less_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
instance: greater_than_or_equal_to (?,?)
instance: sub_list__sublist__sub_list_of (list,list) the 1st argument is a sublist of the 2nd, i.e. every element of the 1st is an element of the 2nd and the elements that are common to both lists have the same order in both lists
instance: initial_list__initiallist (list,list) the 1st argument (?L1) is a sublist of the 2nd (?L2), and (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?NUMBER) returns the same value as (sumo#list_order_fn ?L2 ?N) for all of the values of ?N over which (sumo#list_order_fn ?L1 ?N) is defined
instance: subsumes_content_class (?,?)
instance: subsumes_content_instance (?,?)
instance: temporal_part (?,?)
instance: before_or_equal (?,?)
instance: sub_process__subproces (?,?)
instance: sub_organization__suborganization (?,?)
instance: geometric_part__geometricpart (?,?)
subtype: total_ordering_relation_type partial_ordering_relation that is a trichotomizing_relation
instance: total_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#total_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: total_ordering_relation
instance: partial_ordering_relation total_ordering_relation inferior_or_equal_to__less_than_or_equal_to___superior_or_equal___maximum__maximum superior_or_equal_to__more_than_or_equal_to___inferior_or_equal___minimum__minimum generalizing_type specializing_type constitution part wnMember sub_collection__subcollection subclass__subclass_of subrelation sub_attribute__subattribute part__part_of sub_collection__subcollection__sub_collection_of less_than_or_equal_to greater_than_or_equal_to sub_list__sublist__sub_list_of initial_list__initiallist subsumes_content_class subsumes_content_instance temporal_part before_or_equal sub_process__subproces sub_organization__suborganization geometric_part__geometricpart
instance: reflexive_relation__reflexiverelation overlaps_temporally connected overlaps_spatially
subtype: trichotomizing_relation_type binary_relation such that all ordered pairs consisting of distinct individuals are element of this binary_relation
instance: trichotomizing_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#trichotomizing_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: trichotomizing_relation_on_real_number (quantity,quantity)
subtype: less_than (quantity,quantity)
subtype: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
subtype: less_than_or_equal (quantity,quantity)
subtype: greater_than_or_equal (quantity,quantity)
subtype: total_ordering_relation_type partial_ordering_relation that is a trichotomizing_relation
instance: trichotomizing_relation
subtype: irreflexive_relation_type r is irreflexive if r(?i,?i) holds for no value of ?i
instance: irreflexive_relation__irreflexiverelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#irreflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
subtype: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
subtype: range (function_type,set_or_class) gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class
subtype: range_subclass (function_type,set_or_class) all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment
subtype: valence (relation_type,positive_integer) specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g., sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation
subtype: documentation (?,string) a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation
subtype: successor_attribute__successorattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share
subtype: front_fn__frontfn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: back_fn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
subtype: contains (self_connected_object,object) the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g., an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2
subtype: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
subtype: contains_information (content_bearing_object,proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
subtype: leader__leader_of (human,agentive_physical_object) (sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON
subtype: attribute (object,Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
subtype: manner (process,Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
subtype: probability_fn__probabilityfn (formula -> real_number) one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula
subtype: in_list (?,list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
subtype: closed_on (function_type,set_or_class) a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class
subtype: reflexive_on__reflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: partial_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation
subtype: total_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class
subtype: trichotomizing_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class)
subtype: equivalence_relation_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation
subtype: causes (process,process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
subtype: causes_subclass (sumo_process_class,sumo_process_class) the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g., (causes_subclass killing death)
subtype: time (physical,time_position) means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively
subtype: holds_during__holdsduring (time_position,formula) means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position
subtype: exploits (object,agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
subtype: has_purpose__haspurpose (physical,formula) the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on
subtype: has_skill__hasskill (sumo_process_class,agentive_physical_object) similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree
subtype: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
subtype: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
subtype: possesses__possesse (agentive_physical_object,object) the agent has ownership of the object
subtype: precondition (?,?)
subtype: realization (?,?)
subtype: expressed_in_language (?,?)
subtype: uses (?,?)
subtype: identity_element (?,?)
subtype: element (?,?)
subtype: cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn (?,?)
subtype: measure (?,?)
subtype: duration (?,?)
subtype: frequency (?,?)
subtype: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
subtype: date (?,?)
subtype: surface (?,?)
subtype: interior_part (?,?)
subtype: hole (object,*)
subtype: hole_host_fn (object,*)
subtype: partially_fills__partiallyfill (object,*)
subtype: properly_fills (?,?)
subtype: completely_fills (?,?)
subtype: fills__fill (?,?)
subtype: hole_skin_fn (object,*)
subtype: geographic_subregion (?,?)
subtype: geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
subtype: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
subtype: inhabits (?,?)
subtype: authors__author (?,?)
subtype: editor (?,?)
subtype: publishes__publishe (?,?)
subtype: version (?,?)
subtype: parent (?,?)
subtype: husband (?,?)
subtype: wife (?,?)
subtype: citizen (?,?)
subtype: modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
subtype: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
subtype: different__different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: exclusive_class__exclusiveclas (class,class) the 2 classes have no common subtype/instance; in WebKB, use the link '!'
subtype: complement_class (class -> class) if something is not in one of the classes, then it is in the other, and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '/'
subtype: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
subtype: less_than (quantity,quantity)
subtype: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
subtype: increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: inhibits (?,?)
subtype: prevents (?,?)
subtype: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
subtype: sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
subtype: larger (object,*)
subtype: smaller (object,*)
subtype: starts (?,?)
subtype: finishes (?,?)
subtype: before (?,?)
subtype: during (?,?)
subtype: earlier (?,?)
subtype: meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
subtype: overlaps_partially (?,?)
subtype: superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
subtype: connected_engineering_components (?,?)
subtype: ancestor (?,?)
subtype: sibling (?,?)
subtype: brother (?,?)
subtype: sister (?,?)
subtype: spouse (?,?)
instance: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
instance: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
instance: front_fn__frontfn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: back_fn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: attribute (object,Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
instance: manner (process,Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
instance: less_than (quantity,quantity)
instance: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
instance: increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true
instance: decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (formula,formula) the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true
instance: in_list (?,list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
instance: inhibits (?,?)
instance: prevents (?,?)
instance: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
instance: sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
instance: larger (object,*)
instance: smaller (object,*)
instance: starts (?,?)
instance: finishes (?,?)
instance: before (?,?)
instance: during (?,?)
instance: earlier (?,?)
instance: meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
instance: overlaps_partially (?,?)
instance: superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
instance: connected_engineering_components (?,?)
instance: ancestor (?,?)
instance: sibling (?,?)
instance: brother (?,?)
instance: sister (?,?)
instance: spouse (?,?)
instance: husband (?,?)
instance: wife (?,?)
instance: modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
subtype: asymmetric_relation_type an antisymmetric and irreflexive relation
instance: asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
instance: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
instance: range (function_type,set_or_class) gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class
instance: range_subclass (function_type,set_or_class) all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment
instance: valence (relation_type,positive_integer) specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g., sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation
instance: documentation (?,string) a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation
instance: successor_attribute__successorattribute (Attribute,Attribute) the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share
instance: front_fn__frontfn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: back_fn (self_connected_object -> self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
instance: probability_fn__probabilityfn (formula -> real_number) one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula
instance: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
instance: contains (self_connected_object,object) the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g., an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2
instance: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
instance: contains_information (content_bearing_object,proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
instance: leader__leader_of (human,agentive_physical_object) (sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON
instance: attribute (object,Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
instance: manner (process,Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
instance: in_list (?,list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
instance: closed_on (function_type,set_or_class) a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class
instance: reflexive_on__reflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
instance: irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
instance: partial_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation
instance: total_ordering_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class
instance: trichotomizing_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class)
instance: equivalence_relation_on (binary_relation_type,set_or_class) a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation
instance: causes (process,process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
instance: causes_subclass (sumo_process_class,sumo_process_class) the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g., (causes_subclass killing death)
instance: time (physical,time_position) means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively
instance: holds_during__holdsduring (time_position,formula) means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position
instance: exploits (object,agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
instance: has_purpose__haspurpose (physical,formula) the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on
instance: has_skill__hasskill (sumo_process_class,agentive_physical_object) similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree
instance: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
instance: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
instance: possesses__possesse (agentive_physical_object,object) the agent has ownership of the object
instance: precondition (?,?)
instance: realization (?,?)
instance: expressed_in_language (?,?)
instance: uses (?,?)
instance: identity_element (?,?)
instance: element (?,?)
instance: cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn (?,?)
instance: measure (?,?)
instance: duration (?,?)
instance: frequency (?,?)
instance: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
instance: date (?,?)
instance: surface (?,?)
instance: interior_part (?,?)
instance: hole (object,*)
instance: hole_host_fn (object,*)
instance: partially_fills__partiallyfill (object,*)
instance: properly_fills (?,?)
instance: completely_fills (?,?)
instance: fills__fill (?,?)
instance: hole_skin_fn (object,*)
instance: geographic_subregion (?,?)
instance: geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
instance: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
instance: inhabits (?,?)
instance: authors__author (?,?)
instance: editor (?,?)
instance: publishes__publishe (?,?)
instance: version (?,?)
instance: parent (?,?)
instance: husband (?,?)
instance: wife (?,?)
instance: citizen (?,?)
instance: modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
subtype: case_relation_type the class of predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a process. e.g., the agent, patient or destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain
subtype: propositional_attitude_relation_type the class of intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition
instance: propositional_attitude_relation (cognitive_agent,formula) intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition
subtype: desires (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by the formula (whcih may be already true); desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a propositional_attitude, while wants is an object_attitude
subtype: considers__consider (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by the formula
subtype: believes (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent believes the proposition expressed by the formula
subtype: knows__know (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent knows the proposition expressed by the formula; knows entails conscious awareness, so this predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge
instance: desires (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by the formula (whcih may be already true); desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a propositional_attitude, while wants is an object_attitude
instance: considers__consider (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by the formula
instance: believes (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent believes the proposition expressed by the formula
instance: knows__know (cognitive_agent,formula) the agent knows the proposition expressed by the formula; knows entails conscious awareness, so this predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge
instance: propositional_attitude_relation desires considers__consider believes knows__know
instance: asymmetric_relation immediate_instance__immediateinstance immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of range range_subclass valence documentation successor_attribute__successorattribute front_fn__frontfn back_fn probability_fn__probabilityfn proper_part__proper_part_of contains member contains_information leader__leader_of attribute manner in_list closed_on reflexive_on__reflexiveon irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon partial_ordering_on total_ordering_on trichotomizing_on equivalence_relation_on causes causes_subclass time holds_during__holdsduring exploits has_purpose__haspurpose has_skill__hasskill crosses__crosse penetrates possesses__possesse precondition realization expressed_in_language uses identity_element element cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn measure duration frequency meets_temporally__meetstemporally date surface interior_part hole hole_host_fn partially_fills__partiallyfill properly_fills completely_fills fills__fill hole_skin_fn geographic_subregion geopolitical_subdivision developmental_form__developmentalform inhabits authors__author editor publishes__publishe version parent husband wife citizen modal_attribute__modalattribute
instance: irreflexive_relation__irreflexiverelation inverse__reverse successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure front_fn__frontfn back_fn attribute manner less_than greater_than__greaterthan increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of in_list inhibits prevents sub_proposition__subproposition sub_plan__subplan larger smaller starts finishes before during earlier meets_spatially__meetsspatially overlaps_partially superficial_part__superficialpart connected_engineering_components ancestor sibling brother sister spouse husband wife modal_attribute__modalattribute
subtype: symmetric_relation_type when (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) implies (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1), for all ?INST1 and ?INST2
instance: symmetric_relation__symmetricrelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#symmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: equivalence_relation__equivalencerelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#equivalence_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: different__different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: independent_probability__independentprobability (formula,formula) the probabilities of the formulas being true are independent
subtype: overlaps_temporally (?,?)
subtype: connected (object,*)
subtype: meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
subtype: overlaps_spatially (?,?)
subtype: overlaps_partially (?,?)
subtype: connected_engineering_components (?,?)
subtype: sibling (?,?)
subtype: legal_relation__legalrelation (?,?)
subtype: spouse (?,?)
subtype: consistent (?,?)
instance: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
instance: independent_probability__independentprobability (formula,formula) the probabilities of the formulas being true are independent
instance: overlaps_temporally (?,?)
instance: connected (object,*)
instance: meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
instance: overlaps_spatially (?,?)
instance: overlaps_partially (?,?)
instance: connected_engineering_components (?,?)
instance: sibling (?,?)
instance: legal_relation__legalrelation (?,?)
instance: spouse (?,?)
instance: consistent (?,?)
subtype: equivalence_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
instance: symmetric_relation__symmetricrelation inverse__reverse independent_probability__independentprobability overlaps_temporally connected meets_spatially__meetsspatially overlaps_spatially overlaps_partially connected_engineering_components sibling legal_relation__legalrelation spouse consistent
subtype: antisymmetric_relation_type when for distinct ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) implies not (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1), that is, for all ?INST1 and ?INST2, (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) imply that ?INST1 and ?INST2 are identical; it is possible for an antisymmetric relation to be a reflexive relation
instance: antisymmetric_relation__antisymmetricrelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#antisymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: partial_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#partial_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: different__different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: partly_located__partly_located_at (physical,object) the instance of the 1st argument is at least partially located at the 2nd argument, e.g., Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe
instance: partly_located__partly_located_at (physical,object) the instance of the 1st argument is at least partially located at the 2nd argument, e.g., Istanbul is partly located in Asia and partly located in Europe
instance: located (physical,object) the 1st argument is partly_located at the object, and there is no part or sub_process of the 1st argument that is not located at the object
subtype: asymmetric_relation_type an antisymmetric and irreflexive relation
subtype: partial_ordering_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive
instance: antisymmetric_relation__antisymmetricrelation partly_located__partly_located_at located
subtype: transitive_relation_type a binary_relation ?REL is transitive if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3
instance: transitive_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#transitive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: equivalence_relation__equivalencerelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#equivalence_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: partial_ordering_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#partial_ordering_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
subtype: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
subtype: less_than (quantity,quantity)
subtype: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
subtype: located (physical,object) the 1st argument is partly_located at the object, and there is no part or sub_process of the 1st argument that is not located at the object
subtype: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
subtype: precondition (?,?)
subtype: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
subtype: sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
subtype: larger (object,*)
subtype: smaller (object,*)
subtype: starts (?,?)
subtype: finishes (?,?)
subtype: before (?,?)
subtype: during (?,?)
subtype: earlier (?,?)
subtype: superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
subtype: interior_part (?,?)
subtype: geographic_subregion (?,?)
subtype: geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
subtype: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
subtype: version (?,?)
subtype: ancestor (?,?)
subtype: brother (?,?)
subtype: sister (?,?)
subtype: part (entity,entity) the subpart may or may not be different from the whole
subtype: proper_part (entity,entity) the subpart is different from the whole
instance: successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (Attribute,Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
instance: proper_part__proper_part_of (object,object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
instance: less_than (quantity,quantity)
instance: greater_than__greaterthan (quantity,quantity)
instance: located (physical,object) the 1st argument is partly_located at the object, and there is no part or sub_process of the 1st argument that is not located at the object
instance: crosses__crosse (object,object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
instance: precondition (?,?)
instance: sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
instance: sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
instance: larger (object,*)
instance: smaller (object,*)
instance: starts (?,?)
instance: finishes (?,?)
instance: before (?,?)
instance: during (?,?)
instance: earlier (?,?)
instance: superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
instance: interior_part (?,?)
instance: geographic_subregion (?,?)
instance: geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
instance: developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
instance: version (?,?)
instance: ancestor (?,?)
instance: brother (?,?)
instance: sister (?,?)
instance: part (entity,entity) the subpart may or may not be different from the whole
instance: proper_part (entity,entity) the subpart is different from the whole
subtype: equivalence_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, symmetric and transitive
subtype: partial_ordering_relation_type binary_relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive
instance: transitive_relation successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure proper_part__proper_part_of less_than greater_than__greaterthan located crosses__crosse precondition sub_proposition__subproposition sub_plan__subplan larger smaller starts finishes before during earlier superficial_part__superficialpart interior_part geographic_subregion geopolitical_subdivision developmental_form__developmentalform version ancestor brother sister part proper_part
subtype: intransitive_relation_type a binary_relation ?REL is intransitive only if (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) and (?REL ?INST2 ?INST3) imply not (?REL ?INST1 ?INST3), for all ?INST1, ?INST2, and ?INST3
instance: intransitive_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#intransitive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
subtype: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
subtype: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
subtype: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
subtype: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
subtype: element (?,?)
subtype: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
subtype: parent (?,?)
instance: inverse__reverse (binary_relation_type -> binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
instance: immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
instance: immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (set_or_class,set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
instance: member (self_connected_object,collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
instance: penetrates (object,object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
instance: element (?,?)
instance: meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
instance: parent (?,?)
instance: intransitive_relation inverse__reverse immediate_instance__immediateinstance immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of member penetrates element meets_temporally__meetstemporally parent
subtype: annotation_property
subtype: deprecated_property
subtype: ontology_property
instance: relation_to_another_ontology (ontology,ontology)
subtype: backward_compatible_with (ontology,ontology)
subtype: incompatible_with (ontology,ontology)
subtype: prior_version__priorversion (ontology,ontology)
instance: relation_to_another_ontology (pm)
subtype: constraint_property
subtype: container_membership_property
instance: member ()
instance: member
subtype: datatype_property
subtype: object_property if rel is an ObjectProperty, and rel(x,y), then y is an object
instance: binary_relation distributes__distribute
equal: class (pm)
subtype: class__clas classes differ from sets in three important respects: 1) classes are not assumed to be extensional, i.e. distinct classes might well have exactly the same instances, 2) classes typically have an associated `condition' that determines the instances of the class, e.g., the condition `human' determines the "class of humans" (note that some classes might satisfy their own condition (e.g., the "class of abstract things" is "abstract") and hence be instances of themselves), 3) the instances of a class may occur only once within the class, i.e. a class cannot contain duplicate instances
subtype: datatype
subtype: restriction
subtype: all_different__alldifferent
subtype: deprecated_class
subtype: rigid__RG "all" the instances of a rigid type must "necessarily" be of this type at all times; role types such as #student or pm#tired_person are "non-rigid" and even "anti-rigid" since it is always possible for "any" student or tired person to cease being student or tired without loosing its identity
subtype: leaf_type__L type without subtype
subtype: non-empty__nonempty__NEP such a type "necessarily" has at least one instance
subtype: strongly_non-empty_perdurant
subtype: situation_class__situationclas all situation types are instance of this class
subtype: sumo_process_class all SUMO process types are instance of this class
instance: process__proces__physicalsituation intuitively, the class of things that happen and have temporal parts or stages; examples include extended events like a football match or a race, actions like pursuing and reading, and biological processes; sumo#process is not identical to pm#situation because an instance of pm#situation is not necessarily an instance of sumo#physical
subtype: dual_object_process process requiring two nonidentical patients
subtype: state the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state"
subtype: skillfulness the state of being cognitively skillful
subtype: expertness__expertise skillfulness by virtue of possessing special knowledge
subtype: professionalism the expertness characteristic of a professional person
subtype: coordination.skillfulness the skillful and effective interaction of movements
subtype: versatility having a wide variety of skills
subtype: command.skillfulness__control__mastery great skillfulness and knowledge of some subject or activity; "a good command of French"
subtype: adeptness__adeptnes__adroitnes__deftness__facility__quickness__quicknes skillful performance or ability without difficulty; "his quick adeptness was a product of good design"; "he was famous for his facility as an archer"
subtype: touch.adeptness deftness in handling matters; "he has a master's touch"
subtype: finishing_touch__finishingtouch__capstone__copestone a final touch; a crowning achievement; a culmination
subtype: manual_dexterity__dexterity__sleight adroitness in using the hands
subtype: fluency skillfulness in speaking or writing
subtype: proficiency.skillfulness__technique skillfulness in the command of fundamentals deriving from practice and familiarity; "practice greatly improves proficiency"
subtype: brushwork an artist's distinctive technique of applying paint with a brush
subtype: musketry.proficiency the technique of using small arms (especially in battle)
subtype: efficiency.skillfulness skillfulness in avoiding wasted time and effort; "she did the work with great efficiency"
subtype: economy the efficient use of resources; "economy of effort"
subtype: cognitive_state__cognitivestate__state_of_mind the state of a person's cognitive processes
subtype: interestedness the state of being interested
subtype: amnesia__memory_loss__blackout partial or total loss of memory: "he has a total blackout for events of the evening"
subtype: anterograde_amnesia__anterogradeamnesia__posttraumatic_amnesia__posttraumaticamnesia loss of memory for events immediately following a trauma; sometimes in effect for events during and for a long time following the trauma
subtype: retrograde_amnesia loss of memory for events immediately preceding a trauma
subtype: forgetfulness__forgetfulnes tendency to forget
subtype: selective_amnesia__selectiveamnesia amnesia about particular events that is very convenient for the person who cannot remember; "why do politicians always develop selective amnesia when questioned about their transgressions?"
subtype: posthypnotic_amnesia selective amnesia after being in a hypnotic state of events occurring during hypnosis or of information designated by the hypnotist
subtype: transient_global_amnesia memory disorder seen in middle aged and elderly persons; characterized by an episode of amnesia and bewilderment that lasts for several hours; person is otherwise alert and intellectually active
subtype: paramnesia (psychiatry) a disorder of memory in which dreams or fantasies are confused with reality
subtype: set.cognitive_state__readiness__readines (psychology) a temporary readiness to respond in a particular way; "the subjects' set led them to solve problems the familiar way and to overlook the simpler solution"; "his instructions deliberately gave them the wrong set"
subtype: ivory_tower__ivorytower a state of mind that is discussed as if it were a place; "he lived in the ivory tower of speculation"; "they viewed universities as ivory towers"
subtype: consciousness__consciousnes an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation; "he lost consciousness"
subtype: stream_of_consciousness.consciousness__streamofconsciousnes the continuous flow of ideas and feelings that constitute an individual's conscious experience
subtype: self.consciousness__ego your consciousness of your own identity
subtype: anima (Jungian psychology) the inner self (not the external persona) that is in touch with the unconscious
subtype: awareness__sentience state of elementary or undifferentiated consciousness; "the crash intruded on his awareness"
subtype: sensibility mental responsiveness and awareness
subtype: waking the state of remaining awake; "days of danger and nights of waking"
subtype: wakefulness__wakefulnes a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
subtype: arousal.wakefulness awakening from sleep
subtype: vigil a period of sleeplessness
subtype: unconsciousness__unconsciousnes a state lacking normal awareness of the environment
subtype: unknowingness__unknowingnes__unawarenes unconsciousness resulting from lack of knowledge or attention
subtype: forgetfulness.unknowingness__forgetfulnes unawareness caused by neglectful or heedless failure to remember; "his forgetfulness increased as he grew older"
subtype: obliviousness__obliviousnes total forgetfulness; "he sought the great oblivion of sleep"
subtype: unselfconsciousness the quality of being not self-conscious; unawareness of yourself or of others' views of yourself; "he had the unselfconsciousness of a child"
subtype: blackout.unconsciousness a momentary loss of consciousness
subtype: semiconsciousness__semiconsciousnes__groggines__stupor__stupefaction marginal consciousness; "his grogginess was caused as much by exhaustion and by the blows"; "someone stole his wallet while he was in a drunken stupor"
subtype: comatoseness__coma a state of deep and often prolonged unconsciousness; usually the result of disease or injury
subtype: diabetic_coma__Kussmaul's_coma coma that can develop in inadequately treated cases of diabetes mellitus
subtype: hepatic_coma__hepaticcoma coma that can occur in severe cases of liver disease
subtype: electrosleep unconsciousness brought about by the passage of a low voltage electric current through the brain
subtype: semicoma a mild comatose state; a coma from which the person can be roused by appropriate stimuli
subtype: insensibility a lack of sensibility
subtype: trance a state of mind in which consciousness is fragile and voluntary action is poor or missing; a state resembling deep sleep
subtype: hypnotic_trance a trance induced by the use of hypnosis; the person accepts the suggestions of the hypnotist
subtype: religious_trance__religioustrance__ecstaticstate a trance induced by intense religious devotion; does not show reduced bodily functions that are typical of other trances
subtype: semitrance a trance-like state in which the person can follow instructions but voluntary action is weak or absent
subtype: narcosis unconsciousness induced by narcotics or anesthesia
subtype: nitrogen_narcosis confused or stuporous state caused by high levels of dissolved nitrogen in the blood; "deep-sea divers can suffer nitrogen narcosis from breathing air under high pressure"
subtype: subconsciousness a state of mind not immediately available to consciousness
subtype: curiosity__wonder a state in which you want to learn more about something
subtype: desire_to_know__lust_for_learning__thirst_for_knowledge curiosity that motivates investigation and study
subtype: interest.curiosity__involvement a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something; "an interest in music"
subtype: enthusiasm.interest a lively interest; "enthusiasm for his program is growing"
subtype: Anglomania an excessive enthusiasm for all things English
subtype: concern something that interests you because it is important or affects you; "the safety of the ship is the captain's concern"
subtype: worldly_concern__worldlyconcern__earthly_concern__earthlyconcern__world__earth the concerns of the world as distinguished from heaven and the afterlife; "they consider the church to be independent of the world"
subtype: affair__matter__thing a vaguely specified concern; "several matters to attend to"; "it is none of your affair"; "things are going well"
subtype: personal_business__affairs__affair matters of personal concern: "get his affairs in order"
subtype: part.concern so far as concerns the actor specified; "it requires vigilance on our part" or "they resisted every effort on his part"
subtype: point_of_honor a concern that seriously reflects on your honor
subtype: curiousness__curiousnes__inquisitivenes a state of active curiosity
subtype: nosiness__prying__snoopiness offensive inquisitiveness
subtype: mental_confusion__confusion__disarray a mental state characterized by a lack of clear and orderly thought and behavior
subtype: disorientation confusion about what you are or what you are doing
subtype: distraction.mental_confusion mental turmoil; "he drives me to distraction"
subtype: daze__fog confusion characterized by lack of clarity
subtype: half-cock confusion resulting from lack of preparation
subtype: jamais_vu the experience of being unfamiliar with a person or situation that is actually very familiar; associated with certain types of epilepsy
subtype: bewilderment__obfuscation__puzzlement__befuddlement__mystification__bafflement__bemusement confusion resulting from failure to understand
subtype: perplexity trouble or confusion resulting from complexity
subtype: mystery__enigma__secret__closed_book something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained; "how it got out is a mystery"; "it remains one of nature's secrets"
subtype: maze__tangle__snarl something jumbled or confused; "a tangle of government regulations"
subtype: dilemma__quandary state of uncertainty or perplexity especially as requiring a choice between equally unfavorable options
subtype: double_bind (psychology) an unresolvable dilemma; situation in which a person receives contradictory messages from a person who is very powerful
subtype: certainty the state of being certain: "his certainty reassured the others"
subtype: self-assurance__assurance__confidence__self-confidence__authority__sureness freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities; "his assurance in his superiority did not make him popular"; "after that failure he lost his confidence"; "she spoke with authority"
subtype: certitude__cocksureness__overconfidence total certainty or greater certainty that circumstances warrant
subtype: reliance.certainty__trust certainty based on past experience; "he wrote the paper with considerable reliance on the work of other scientists"; "he put more trust in his own two legs than in the gun"
subtype: uncertainty__incertitude__dubiety__doubtfulness__dubiousness__dubiousnes the state of being unsure of something
subtype: mental_reservation__reservation__arriere_pensee__arrierepensee an unstated doubt that prevents you from accepting something wholeheartedly
subtype: mistrust__misgiving__distrust__suspicion doubt about someone's honesty
subtype: incredulity__disbelief__skepticism__mental_rejection doubt about the truth of something
subtype: irresolution__indecision__indecisiveness doubt concerning two or more possible alternatives or courses of action; "his indecision was only momentary but the opportunity was lost"
subtype: vacillation__hesitation__wavering indecision in speech or action
subtype: suspense an uncertain cognitive state; "the matter remained in suspense for several years"
subtype: preoccupation.cognitive_state__preoccupancy__absorption__engrossment the mental state of being preoccupied by something
subtype: abstractedness__abstraction preoccupation with something to the exclusion of all else
subtype: reverie__revery an abstracted state of absorption
subtype: dream.reverie a state of mind characterized by abstraction and release from reality; "he went about his work as if in a dream"
subtype: brown_study a state of deep absorption or thoughtfulness
subtype: absentmindedness preoccupation so great that the ordinary demands on attention are ignored
subtype: inwardness.cognitive_state__inwardnes preoccupation especially with one's attitudes and ethical or ideological values: "the sensitiveness of James's characters, their seeming inwardness"; "Socrates' inwardness, integrity, and inquisitiveness"
subtype: outwardness.cognitive_state__outwardnes concern with outward things or material objects (especially the body and its appearance) as opposed to the mind and spirit: "hearty showmanship and all-around outwardness"
subtype: cleavage.state the state of being split or cleft
subtype: medium.state a state that is intermediate between extremes; a middle position; "a happy medium"
subtype: condition a mode of being or form of existence of a person or things: "the human condition"
subtype: fate__fortune__destiny__luck__lot__circumstance__portion your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you): "whatever my fortune may be"; "deserved a better fate"; "has a happy lot"; "the luck of the Irish"; "a victim of circumstances"; "success that was her portion"
subtype: good_fortune__good_luck a auspicious state resulting from favorable outcomes
subtype: successfulness__prosperity the condition of prospering; having good fortune
subtype: wellbeing__well-being__welfare__upbeat__eudaemonia__eudaimonia a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous; "the town was finally on the upbeat after our recent troubles"
subtype: fool's_paradise an illusory state of wellbeing
subtype: health a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease; "physicians should be held responsible for the health of their patients"
subtype: strength.successfulness the condition of financial success; "the strength of the company's stock in recent weeks"
subtype: success.successfulness__succes a state of prosperity or fame; "he is enjoying great success"; "he does not consider wealth synonymous with success"
subtype: big_time__bigtime the highest level of an occupation (especially in entertainment)
subtype: pay_dirt__paydirt a profitable success; "the inventor worked for years before hitting pay dirt"
subtype: boon__blessing a desirable state; "enjoy the blessings of peace"; "a spanking breeze is a boon to sailors"
subtype: mercy.boon something for which to be thankful; "it was a mercy we got out alive"
subtype: providence.fate a manifestation of God's foresightful care for His creatures
subtype: tough_luck__toughluck__misfortune__bad_luck__badluck__illluck an unfortunate state resulting from unfavorable outcomes
subtype: weakness.tough_luck__weaknes the condition of being financially weak; "the weakness of the dollar against the yen"
subtype: adversity.tough_luck__hardship a state of misfortune or affliction: "debt-ridden farmers struggling with adversity"; "a life of hardship"
subtype: ill-being__illbeing lack of prosperity or happiness or health
subtype: wretchedness__misery a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune; "the misery and wretchedness of those slums is intolerable"
subtype: living_death a state of constant misery
subtype: woe__suffering misery resulting from affliction
subtype: catastrophe__disaster a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune; "lack of funds has resulted in a catastrophe for our school system"; "his policies were a disaster"
subtype: extremity.adversity an extreme condition or state (especially of adversity or disease)
subtype: bitter_end the final extremity (however unpleasant it may be); "he was determined to fight to the bitter end"
subtype: distress a state of adversity (danger or affliction or need); "a ship in distress"; "she was the classic maiden in distress"
subtype: anguish extreme distress of body or mind
subtype: throe.distress hard or painful trouble or struggle: "a country in the throes of economic collapse"
subtype: affliction.adversity a state of great suffering and distress due to adversity
subtype: cross.affliction__cros__crownofthorn any affliction that causes great suffering; "that is his cross to bear"; "he bears his afflictions like a crown of thorns"
subtype: nadir.adversity__low-water_mark__lowwatermark an extreme state of adversity; the lowest point of anything
subtype: failure.fate lack of success
subtype: bankruptcy.failure a state of complete lack of some abstract property; "spiritual bankruptcy"; "moral bankruptcy"; "intellectual bankruptcy"
subtype: bank_failure the inability of a bank to meet its credit obligations
subtype: crop_failure the failure of crops to produce a marketable surplus
subtype: amphidiploidy the condition of being amphidiploid
subtype: diploidy the condition of being diploid
subtype: haploidy the condition of being haploid
subtype: heteroploidy the condition of being heteroploid
subtype: polyploidy the condition of being polyploid
subtype: mosaicism the condition in which an organism has two or more cell populations that differ in genetic makeup
subtype: orphanage the condition of being a child without living parents; "his early orphanage shaped his character as an adult"
subtype: transsexualism condition in which a person assumes the identity and permanently acts the part of the gender opposite to his or her biological sex
subtype: condition.state__status a condition or state at a particular time: "a condition (or state) of disrepair"; "the current status of the arms negotiations"
subtype: health.state the general condition of body and mind; "his delicate health"; "in poor health"
subtype: mode a particular functioning condition or arrangement; "switched from keyboard to voice mode"
subtype: ecological_niche__niche (ecology) the status of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)
subtype: noise_conditions the condition of being noisy (as in a communication channel)
subtype: prepossession the condition of being prepossessed; "the king's prepossession in my favor is very valuable"
subtype: saturation.state a condition in which a quantity no longer responds to some external influence
subtype: silence.state the state of being silent (as when no one is speaking); "there was a shocked silence": "he gestured for silence"
subtype: situation__position a condition or position in which you find yourself: "the unpleasant situation (or position) of having to choose between two evils"; "found herself in a very fortunate situation"
subtype: shoes__shoe__place a particular situation: "If you were in my place what would you do?"
subtype: soup.situation (informal) an unfortunate situation; "we're in the soup now"
subtype: stymie.situation a situation in golf where an opponent's ball blocks the line between your ball and the hole
subtype: ski_conditions the amount and state of snow for skiing
subtype: stigmatism (optics) condition of an optical system (as a lens) in which light rays from a single point converge in a single focal point
subtype: astigmatism (optics) defect in an optical system in which light rays from a single point fail to converge in a single focal point
subtype: social_stratification__stratification the condition of being arranged in social strata or classes
subtype: way.state the condition of things generally; "that's the way it is" or "I felt the same way"
subtype: ordinary.state the expected or commonplace condition or situation: "not out of the ordinary"
subtype: circumstance a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity
subtype: event.circumstance__case a special set of circumstances; "in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; "it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled"
subtype: hinge a circumstance upon which subsequent events depend; "his absence is the hinge of our plan"
subtype: homelessness the state or condition of having no home (especially the state of living in the streets)
subtype: vagrancy the state of wandering from place to place; having no permanent home or means of livelihood
subtype: reinstatement.state the condition of being reinstated; "her reinstatement to her former office followed quickly"
subtype: place.state proper or appropriate position or location; "a woman's place is no longer in the kitchen"
subtype: celibacy an unmarried status (as because of religious vows)
subtype: virginity the condition or quality of being a virgin
subtype: innocence a state or condition of being innocent of a specific crime or offense; "the trial established his innocence"
subtype: blamelessness__blamelessnes__inculpableness__guiltlessness__guiltlessnes a state of innocence
subtype: clear the state of being free of suspicion: "investigation showed that he was in the clear"
subtype: sinlessness__sinlessnes__innocence the state of being free from sin or moral wrong; lacking a knowledge of evil
subtype: cleanness__cleannes without moral defects
subtype: guilt__guiltines the state of having committed an offense
subtype: blameworthiness__blameworthines__culpableness a state of guilt
subtype: bloodguilt the state of being guilty of bloodshed and murder
subtype: complicity guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense
subtype: criminalism__criminality__criminalness the state of being a criminal
subtype: guilt_by_association the attribution of guilt (without proof) to individuals because the people they associate with are guilty
subtype: impeachability__indictability the state of being liable to impeachment
subtype: encapsulation the condition of being encapsulated; "the encapsulation of tendons in membranous sheaths"
subtype: polarisation__polarization the condition of having or giving polarity
subtype: physiological_state__physiologicalstate__physiological_condition__physiologicalcondition the condition of the body or bodily functions
subtype: wakefulness__wakefulnes a periodic state during which you are conscious and aware of the world
subtype: incompatibility.physiological_state (immunology) the degree to which the body's immune system will try to reject foreign material (as transfused blood or transplanted tissue)
subtype: histoincompatibility incompatibility in which one person's tissue cannot be transplanted to another person
subtype: Rh_incompatibility incompatibility of Rh blood types; a transfusion of Rh-positive blood given to a Rh-negative person (or vice versa) can result in hemolysis and anemia
subtype: acathexia an inability to retain bodily secretions
subtype: angiotelectasia dilation and enlargement of arterioles
subtype: torpor__torpidity a state of motor and mental inactivity with a partial suspension of sensibility; "he fell into a deep torpor"
subtype: hibernation.torpor the torpid or resting state in which some animals pass the winter
subtype: sluggishness__lethargy__lassitude a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
subtype: hebetude mental lethargy or dullness
subtype: agalactia__agalactosis__agalactosi a condition in which milk is not secreted in the mother's breasts after her child has been delivered
subtype: anesthesia__anaesthesia loss of bodily sensation with or without loss of consciousness
subtype: cryoanesthesia__cryoanaesthesia insensibility resulting from cold
subtype: general_anesthesia__generalanesthesia__general_anaesthesia__generalanaesthesia a state of total unconsciousness resulting from anesthetic drugs (as for a major surgical operation)
subtype: inhalation_anesthesia general anesthesia achieved by administration of an inhalation anesthetic
subtype: twilight_sleep a state of general anesthesia in which the person retains a slight degree of consciousness; can be induced by injection of scopolamine or morphine
subtype: local_anesthesia__localanesthesia__local_anaesthesia__localanaesthesia loss of sensation in a small area of the body (as when a local anesthetic is injected for a tooth extraction)
subtype: conduction_anesthesia__conduction_anaesthesia__nerve_block_anesthesia__nerveblockanesthesia__nerve_block_anaesthesia__nerveblockanaesthesia__block_anesthesia__blockanesthesia__block_anaesthesia__blockanaesthesia anesthesia of an area supplied by a nerve; produced by an anesthetic agent applied to the nerve
subtype: regional_anesthesia__regional_anaesthesia loss of sensation in a region of the body produced by application of an anesthetic agent to all the nerves supplying that region (as when an epidural anesthetic is administered to the pelvic region during childbirth)
subtype: acroanesthesia__acroanaesthesia loss of sensation in the extremities
subtype: caudal_anesthesia__caudal_anaesthesia__caudal_block regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the caudal end of the spinal canal; now largely replaced by epidural anesthesia
subtype: epidural_anesthesia__epidural_anaesthesia__epidural regional anesthesia resulting from injection of an anesthetic into the epidural space of the spinal cord; sensation is lost in the abdominal and genital and pelvic areas; used in childbirth and gynecological surgery
subtype: paracervical_block regional anesthesia resulting from the injection of a local anesthetic on each side of the cervix; used during labor and childbirth
subtype: pudendal_block regional anesthesia resulting from the use of a local anesthetic to deaden the pudendal nerves in the region of the vulva and labia majora; used to ease discomfort during childbirth
subtype: spinal_anesthesia__spinal_anaesthesia__spinal anesthesia of the lower half of the body; caused by injury to the spinal cord or by injecting an anesthetic beneath the arachnoid membrane that surrounds the spinal cord
subtype: saddle_block_anesthesia__saddle_block_anaesthesia the parts of a patient's body that would touch a saddle if the patient were sitting in one are anesthetized by injecting a local anesthetic into the spinal cord
subtype: topical_anesthesia__topicalanesthesia__topical_anaesthesia__topicalanaesthesia loss of sensation confined to the skin or mucous surfaces (as when benzocaine or lidocaine is applied to the surface)
subtype: anhidrosis__anhydrosis failure of the sweat glands
subtype: arousal a state of heightened physiological activity
subtype: alertness__alertnes a state of readiness to respond; "alerting was indicated by the desynchronization of the EEG"
subtype: emotional_arousal__emotionalarousal the arousal of strong emotions and emotional behavior
subtype: angriness__angrines the state of being angry
subtype: rage a state of extreme anger; "she fell into a rage and refused to answer"
subtype: excitement the state of being excited; "his face was flushed with excitement and his hands trembled"
subtype: excitation.arousal__innervation the neural or electrical arousal of an organ or muscle or gland
subtype: sexual_arousal the arousal of sexual desires in preparation for sexual behavior
subtype: eroticism__erotism a state of anticipation of sexuality
subtype: horniness__hornines__hotnes__hotpant (informal) a state of sexual arousal
subtype: hard-on__erection an erect penis
subtype: desire.arousal something that is desired
subtype: rage.desire__passion something that is desired intensely; "his rage for fame destroyed him"
subtype: materialism__philistinism a desire for wealth and material possessions with little interest in ethical or spiritual matters
subtype: sleep.physiological_state__slumber a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended; "he didn't get enough sleep last night"; "calm as a child in dreamless slumber"
subtype: sleeping.sleep the state of being asleep
subtype: orthodox_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement_sleep__NREM_sleep__nonrapid_eye_movement__NREM a recurring sleep state during which rapid eye movements do not occur and dreaming does not occur; accounts for about 75% of normal sleep time
subtype: paradoxical_sleep__paradoxicalsleep__rapid_eye_movement_sleep__REM_sleep__rapid_eye_movement__rapideyemovement__REM a recurring sleep state during which dreaming occurs; a state of Rapid Eye Movements during sleep
subtype: shuteye informal term for sleep
subtype: sleep a torpid state resembling sleep
subtype: drive.physiological_state a physiological state corresponding to a strong need or desire
subtype: hungriness__hunger a physiological need for food
subtype: bulimia pathologically insatiable hunger (especially when caused by brain lesions)
subtype: emptiness.hungriness__emptines having an empty stomach
subtype: edacity__esurience__ravenousnes__voracity__voraciousness__voraciousnes excessive desire to eat
subtype: starvation__famishment a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period
subtype: undernourishment__malnourishment not having enough food to develop or function formally
subtype: thirst a physiological need to drink
subtype: dehydration depletion of bodily fluids
subtype: polydipsia excessive thirst (as in cases of diabetes or kidney dysfunction)
subtype: sex_drive__sexdrive a physiological need for sexual activity; "testosterone is responsible for the male sex drive"
subtype: hypoxia a very strong drive resulting from a deficiency of available oxygen in the blood and bodily tissues (short of anoxia)
subtype: anemic_hypoxia hypoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
subtype: hypoxic_hypoxia__hypoxichypoxia hypoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
subtype: ischemic_hypoxia__stagnant_hypoxia hypoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
subtype: altitude_sickness effects (as nosebleed or nausea) of oxygen deficiency in the blood and tissues at high altitudes
subtype: mountain_sickness nausea and shortness of breath experienced by mountain climbers above ten thousand feet
subtype: anoxia severe hypoxia; absence of oxygen in inspired gases or in arterial blood or in the tissues
subtype: anemic_anoxia anoxia resulting from a decreased concentration of hemoglobin
subtype: anoxic_anoxia anoxia resulting from defective oxygenation of the blood in the lungs
subtype: ischemic_anoxia__stagnant_anoxia anoxia resulting from slow peripheral circulation (such as follows congestive cardiac failure)
subtype: elastosis__elastosi breakdown of elastic tissue (as the loss of elasticity in the skin of elderly people that results from degeneration of connective tissue)
subtype: flatulence__flatulency__gas a state of excessive gas in the alimentary canal
subtype: estrus__oestrus__oestru__heat__rut applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or period of heightened sexual arousal and activity
subtype: anestrus__anestrum__anoestrus__anoestru__anoestrum applies to nonhuman mammals: a state or interval of sexual inactivity between two periods of estrus
subtype: diestrus__diestrum (of animals having several estrous cycles in one breeding season) a state or interval of sexual inactivity or quiescence between periods of activity
subtype: hypercapnia__hypercarbia the presence of an abnormally high level of carbon dioxide in the circulating blood
subtype: hypocapnia__acapnia a state in which the level of carbon dioxide in the blood is lower than normal; can result from deep or rapid breathing
subtype: asphyxia a condition in which insufficient or no oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged on a ventilatory basis; caused by choking or drowning or electric shock or poison gas
subtype: oxygen_debt a cumulative deficit of oxygen resulting from intense exercise; the deficit must be made up when the body returns to rest
subtype: hyperthermia__hyperthermy abnormally high body temperature; sometimes induced (as in treating some forms of cancer)
subtype: hyperpyrexia extremely high fever (especially in children)
subtype: normothermia normal body temperature
subtype: hypothermia subnormal body temperature
subtype: myasthenia any muscular weakness
subtype: sterility__infertility the state of being unable to produce offspring; in a woman it is an inability to conceive; in a man it is an inability to impregnate
subtype: impotence__impotency an inability (usually of a male) to copulate
subtype: erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: barrenness the state (usually of a woman) of having no children or being unable to have children
subtype: cacogenesis inability to produce hybrids that are both viable and fertile
subtype: dysgenesis infertility between hybrids
subtype: false_pregnancy__falsepregnancy__pseudocyesis physiological state in which a woman exhibits symptoms of pregnancy but is not pregnant
subtype: pregnancy__gestation the state of being pregnant; the period from conception to birth when a woman carries a developing fetus in her uterus
subtype: trouble.pregnancy an unwanted pregnancy; "he got several girls in trouble"
subtype: gravidity__gravidness a technical term for pregnancy
subtype: gravida.pregnancy the number of the pregnancy that a woman is in; "in her third pregnancy a woman is said to be gravida three"
subtype: parity.pregnancy__para (obstetrics) the number of live-born children a woman has delivered; "the parity of the mother must be considered"; "a bipara is a woman who has given birth to two children"
subtype: ectopic_pregnancy__ectopicpregnancy__extrauterine_pregnancy__ectopic_gestation__ectopicgestation__extrauterine_gestation__eccyesis__metacyesis pregnancy resulting from gestation elsewhere than in the uterus
subtype: abdominal_pregnancy__abdominalpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in the abdominal cavity
subtype: ovarian_pregnancy__ovarianpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in the ovary
subtype: tubal_pregnancy__tubalpregnancy ectopic pregnancy in a Fallopian tube
subtype: entopic_pregnancy__entopicpregnancy pregnancy resulting from normal gestation in the uterus
subtype: placenta_previa pregnancy in which the placenta is implanted in the lower part of the uterus (instead of the upper part); can cause bleeding late in pregnancy; delivery by cesarean section may be necessary
subtype: rigor_mortis.physiological_state__rigormorti temporary stiffness of joints and muscular rigidity occurring after death
subtype: good_health__goodhealth__healthiness__healthines the state of being vigorous and free from bodily or mental disease
subtype: haleness__wholeness__wholenes a state of robust good health
subtype: vitality__energy__vim a healthy capacity for vigorous activity; "jogging works off my excess energy"; "he seemed full of vim and vigor"
subtype: rosiness__bloom__blush__flush a rosy color (especially in the cheeks) taken as a sign of good health
subtype: freshness.good_health__freshnes an alert and refreshed state
subtype: radiance an attractive combination of good health and happiness; "the radiance of her countenance"
subtype: condition.good_health__shape the state of (good) health (especially in the phrases "in condition" or "in shape" or "out of condition" or "out of shape")
subtype: physical_fitness__fitness__fitnes__goodshape__goodcondition good physical condition; being in shape or in condition
subtype: fettle a state of fitness and good health; "in fine fettle"
subtype: fertility__fecundity the state of being fertile; capable of producing offspring
subtype: potency the state of being potent; a male's capacity to have sexual intercourse
subtype: ill_health__illhealth__unhealthiness__unhealthines__healthproblem a state in which you are unable to function normally and without pain
subtype: dyscrasia an abnormal or physiologically unbalanced state of the body
subtype: blood_dyscrasia any abnormal condition of the blood
subtype: blood_disease__blooddisease__blood_disorder__blooddisorder a disease or disorder of the blood
subtype: cytopenia a deficiency of some cellular element of the blood
subtype: hematocytopenia an abnormally low number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: pancytopenia an abnormal deficiency in all blood cells (red blood cells and white blood cells and platelets); usually associated with bone marrow tumor or with aplastic anemia
subtype: acidemia a blood disorder characterized by an increased concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which falls below 7 on the pH scale)
subtype: alkalemia a blood disorder characterized by a lower concentration of hydrogen ions in the blood (which rises above 7.45 on the pH scale)
subtype: acanthocytosis the presence of acanthocytes in the blood stream (as in abetalipoproteinemia)
subtype: agranulocytosis__agranulocytosi__agranulosis__agranulosi__granulocytopenia an acute blood disorder (often caused by radiation or drug therapy) characterized by severe reduction in granulocytes
subtype: analbuminemia an abnormally low level of albumin in the blood serum
subtype: Banti's_disease__Banti's_syndrome a disease characterized by congestion and enlargement of the spleen; accompanied by anemia or cirrhosis
subtype: parasitemia__parasitaemia a condition in which parasites are present in the blood
subtype: hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
subtype: hemophilia_A__haemophilia_A__classical_hemophilia__classicalhemophilia__classical_haemophilia__classicalhaemophilia hemophilia caused by a congenital deficiency of factor VIII; occurs almost exclusively in men
subtype: hemophilia_B__haemophilia_B__Christmas_disease a clotting disorder similar to hemophilia A but caused by a congenital deficiency of factor IX
subtype: von_Willebrand's_disease__angiohemophilia__vascularhemophilia a form of hemophilia discovered by Erik von Willebrand; a genetic disorder that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait; characterized by a deficiency of the coagulation factor and by mucosal bleeding
subtype: afibrinogenemia the absence of fibrinogen in the plasma leading to prolonged bleeding
subtype: congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: puerperal_fever__puerperalfever__childbed_fever serious form of septicemia contracted by a woman during childbirth or abortion (usually attributable to unsanitary conditions); formerly widespread but now uncommon
subtype: pyemia__pyaemia septicemia caused by pus-forming bacteria released from an abscess
subtype: toxemia__toxaemia blood poisoning caused by bacterial toxic substances in the blood
subtype: fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: hemoglobinopathy__haemoglobinopathy a blood disease characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobins in the blood
subtype: histiocytosis a blood disease characterized by an abnormal multiplication of macrophages
subtype: Hand-Schuller-Christian_disease__Schuller-Christian_disease inflammatory histiocytosis associated with disturbance of cholesterol metabolism; occurs chiefly in young children and is characterized by cystic defects of the skull and diabetes insipidus
subtype: hydremia blood disorder in which there is excess fluid volume compared with the cell volume of the blood
subtype: hypothrombinemia a low level of prothrombin (factor II) in the circulating blood; results in long clotting time and poor clot formation and sometimes excessive bleeding; can result from vitamin K deficiency
subtype: hypervolemia__hypervolaemia a blood disorder consisting of an increase in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: hypovolemia a blood disorder consisting of a decrease in the volume of circulating blood
subtype: anemia__anaemia a deficiency of red blood cells
subtype: aplastic_anemia__aplastic_anaemia anemia characterized by pancytopenia resulting from failure of the bone marrow; can be caused by neoplasm or by toxic exposure
subtype: erythroblastosis_fetalis severe anemia in newborn babies; the result of Rh incompatibility between maternal and fetal blood; typically occurs when the child of an Rh-negative mother inherits Rh-positive blood from the father; can be diagnosed before birth by amniocentesis
subtype: Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: favism anemia resulting from eating fava beans; victims have an inherited blood abnormality and enzyme deficiency
subtype: hemolytic_anemia__hemolyticanemia__haemolytic_anaemia anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
subtype: hyperchromic_anemia__hyperchromic_anaemia anemia characterized by an increase in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: hypochromic_anemia__hypochromicanemia__hypochromic_anaemia__hypochromicanaemia anemia characterized by a decrease in the concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin
subtype: thalassemia__thalassaemia__Mediterranean_anemia__Mediterranean_anaemia an inherited form of anemia caused by faulty synthesis of hemoglobin
subtype: Cooley's_anemia__Cooley's_anaemia__thalassemia_major__thalassemiamajor__thalassaemia_major a fatal form of homozygous thalassemia (inherited from both parents) in which there is no hemoglobin; skeletal deformations; heart and spleen and liver enlarged
subtype: hypoplastic_anemia__hypoplasticanemia__hypoplastic_anaemia__hypoplasticanaemia anemia resulting from inadequately functioning bone marrow; can develop into aplastic anemia
subtype: iron_deficiency_anemia__iron_deficiency_anaemia a form of anemia due to lack of iron in the diet or to iron loss as a result of chronic bleeding
subtype: chlorosis__chlorosi__greensickness__greensicknes iron deficiency anemia in young women; characterized by weakness and menstrual disturbances and a green color to the skin
subtype: ischemia__ischaemia local anemia in a given body part sometimes resulting from vasoconstriction or thrombosis or embolism
subtype: ischemic_stroke__ischaemic_stroke__ischaemicstroke the most common kind of stroke; caused by an interruption in the flow of blood to the brain (as from a clot blocking a blood vessel)
subtype: transient_ischemic_attack__TIA brief episode in which the brain gets insufficient blood supply; symptoms depend on the site of the blockage
subtype: macrocytic_anemia__macrocytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is larger than normal
subtype: microcytic_anemia__microcytic_anaemia anemia in which the average size of erythrocytes is smaller than normal
subtype: pernicious_anemia__pernicious_anaemia__malignant_anemia__malignantanemia__malignantanaemia a chronic progressive anemia of older adults; thought to result from a lack of intrinsic factor (a substance secreted by the stomach that is responsible for the absorption of vitamin B12)
subtype: megaloblastic_anemia__megaloblasticanemia__megaloblasticanaemia anemia characterized by many large immature and dysfunctional red blood cells (megaloblasts) in the bone marrow; associated with pernicious anemia
subtype: metaplastic_anemia__metaplasticanemia__metaplastic_anaemia__metaplasticanaemia pernicious anemia in which the various formed elements in the blood are changed
subtype: refractory_anemia__refractory_anaemia any of various anemic conditions that are not successfully treated by any means other than blood transfusions (and that are not associated with another primary disease)
subtype: sideroblastic_anemia__sideroblasticanemia__sideroblastic_anaemia__sideroblasticanaemia__siderochrestic_anemia__siderochrestic_anaemia refractory anemia characterized by sideroblasts in the bone marrow
subtype: sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: leukocytosis__leucocytosis an abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of infection (as in leukemia)
subtype: leukopenia__leucopenia an abnormal lowering of the white blood cell count
subtype: neutropenia leukopenia in which the decrease is primarily in number of neutrophils (the chief phagocytic leukocyte)
subtype: cyclic_neutropenia neutropenia that occurs periodically
subtype: lymphocytopenia__lymphopenia an abnormally small number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: lymphocytosis__lymphocytosi an abnormal increase in the number of lymphocytes in the circulating blood
subtype: microcytosis a blood disorder characterized by the presence of microcytes (abnormally small red blood cells) in the blood; often associated with anemia
subtype: polycythemia a disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood
subtype: purpura__peliosis any of several blood diseases causing subcutaneous bleeding
subtype: nonthrombocytopenic_purpura__nonthrombocytopenicpurpura purpura resulting from a defect in the capillaries caused by bacteria or drugs
subtype: idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: thrombocytopenia__thrombopenia a blood disease characterized by an abnormally small number of platelets in the blood
subtype: essential_thrombocytopenia__essentialthrombocytopenia the primary form of thrombocytopenia (rather than a shortage of platelets caused by with other conditions such as tuberculosis or chemical suppression of bone marrow etc.)
subtype: uratemia presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid salts in the blood; symptom of gout
subtype: uricaciduria presence of abnormal amounts of uric acid in the urine; symptom of gout
subtype: illness__illnes__sickness impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism
subtype: ague a fit of shivering
subtype: amyloidosis__amyloidosi a disorder characterized by deposit of amyloid in organs or tissues; often secondary to chronic rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculosis or multiple myeloma
subtype: anuresis__anuria inability to urinate
subtype: catastrophic_illness severe illness requiring prolonged hospitalization or recovery; usually involves high costs for hospitals and doctors and medicines
subtype: collapse an abrupt failure of function or health
subtype: crack-up__crackup__breakdown a mental or physical breakdown
subtype: nervous_breakdown__nervousbreakdown a severe or incapacitating emotional disorder
subtype: nervous_exhaustion__nervousexhaustion__nervous_prostration__nervousprostration an emotional disorder that leaves you exhausted and unable to work
subtype: neurasthenia nervous breakdown (not in technical use)
subtype: shock (pathology) bodily collapse or near collapse caused by inadequate oxygen delivery to the cells; characterized by reduced cardiac output and rapid heartbeat and circulatory insufficiency and pallor
subtype: cardiogenic_shock__cardiogenicshock shock caused by cardiac arrest
subtype: hypovolemic_shock__hypovolemicshock shock caused by severe blood or fluid loss
subtype: obstructive_shock__obstructiveshock shock caused by obstruction of blood flow
subtype: distributive_shock shock caused by poor distribution of the blood flow
subtype: insulin_shock__insulinshock__insulin_reaction__insulinreaction hypoglycemia produced by excessive insulin in the system causing coma
subtype: decompression_sickness__aeroembolism__air_embolism__airembolism__gas_embolism__gasembolism__caisson_disease__caissondisease__bends__bend pain resulting from rapid change in pressure
subtype: food_poisoning__gastrointestinal_disorder illness caused by poisonous or contaminated food
subtype: botulism food poisoning from ingesting botulin; affects the CNS; can be fatal if not treated promptly
subtype: mushroom_poisoning toxic condition caused by eating certain species of mushrooms (especially Amanita species)
subtype: ptomaine_poisoning__ptomaine a term for food poisoning that is no longer in scientific use; food poisoning was once thought to be caused by ingesting ptomaines
subtype: salmonellosis__salmonellosi a kind of food poisoning caused by eating foods contaminated with Salmonella typhimurium
subtype: lead_poisoning__plumbism__saturnism toxic condition produced by the absorption of excessive lead into the system
subtype: disease an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
subtype: aspergillosis__aspergillosi disease especially in agricultural workers caused by inhalation of Aspergillus spores causing lumps in skin and ears and respiratory organs
subtype: blackwater any of several human or animal diseases characterized by dark urine resulting from rapid breakdown of red blood cells
subtype: cat_scratch_disease__catscratchdisease a disease thought to be transmitted to humans by a scratch from a cat
subtype: complication.disease any disease or disorder that occurs during the course of (or because of) another disease; "bed sores are a common complication in cases of paralysis"
subtype: endemic_disease__endemicdisease__endemic a disease that is constantly present to a greater or lesser degree in people of a certain class or in people living in a particular location
subtype: enteropathy a disease of the intestinal tract
subtype: intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
subtype: incompetence inability of a part or organ to function properly
subtype: hypogonadism incompetence of the gonads (especially in the male with low testosterone)
subtype: valvular_incompetence inability of a bodily valve to close completely
subtype: Kawasaki_disease__mucocutaneous_lymph_node_syndrome an acute disease of young children characterized by a rash and swollen lymph nodes and fever; of unknown cause
subtype: pycnosis__pyknosis a degenerative state of the cell nucleus
subtype: Marseilles_fever__Kenya_fever__Indian_tick_fever__boutonneuse_fever__boutonneusefever a disease (common in India and around the Mediterranean area) caused by a rickettsia that is transmitted to humans by a reddish brown tick (ixodid) that lives on dogs and other mammals
subtype: Meniere's_disease a disease of the inner ear characterized by episodes of dizziness and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss (usually unilateral)
subtype: milk_sickness caused by consuming milk from cattle suffering from trembles
subtype: mimesis.disease any disease that shows symptoms characteristic of another disease
subtype: myasthenia_gravis__myasthenia a chronic progressive disease characterized by chronic fatigue and muscular weakness (especially in the face and neck); caused by a deficiency of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions
subtype: occupational_disease__industrial_disease disease or disability resulting from conditions of employment (usually from long exposure to a noxious substance or from continuous repetition of certain acts)
subtype: onychosis__onychosi any disease or disorder of the nails
subtype: onycholysis__onycholysi separation of a nail from its normal attachment to the nail bed
subtype: rheumatism any painful disorder of the joints or muscles or connective tissues
subtype: periarteritis_nodosa__periarteritisnodosa__polyarteritis_nodosa__polyarteritisnodosa a progressive disease of connective tissue that is characterized by nodules along arteries; nodules may block the artery and result in inadequate circulation to the particular area
subtype: periodontal_disease__periodontaldisease__periodontitis__periodontiti a disease that attacks the gum and bone and around the teeth
subtype: pyorrhea_alveolaris__pyorrhea__pyorrhoea__Riggs'_disease chronic periodontitis; purulent inflammation of the teeth sockets
subtype: pericementoclasia pus pocket formation around a tooth
subtype: alveolar_resorption wasting of the bony socket
subtype: gingivitis inflammation of the gums
subtype: ulatrophia recession of the gums
subtype: liver_disease__liverdisease a disease affecting the liver
subtype: cirrhosis_of_the_liver__cirrhosis__cirrhosi a chronic disease interfering with the normal functioning of the liver; the major cause is chronic alcoholism
subtype: fatty_liver__fattyliver yellow discoloration as a result of the accumulation of certain fats (triglycerides) in the liver; can be caused by alcoholic cirrhosis or pregnancy or exposure to certain toxins
subtype: hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: viral_hepatitis__viralhepatiti hepatitis caused by a virus
subtype: hepatitis_A__infectious_hepatitis an acute but benign form of viral hepatitis caused by an RNA virus that does not persist in the blood serum and is usually transmitted by ingesting food or drink that is contaiminated with fecal matter
subtype: hepatitis_B__serum_hepatitis an acute (sometimes fatal) form of viral hepatitis caused by a DNA virus that tends to persist in the blood serum and is transmitted by sexual contact or by transfusion or by ingestion of contaminated blood or other bodily fluids
subtype: hepatitis_C a viral hepatitis clinically indistinguishable from hepatitis B but caused by a single-stranded RNA virus; usually transmitted by parenteral means (as injection of an illicit drug or blood transfusion or exposure to blood or blood products)
subtype: hepatitis_delta__hepatitisdelta__delta_hepatitis__deltahepatiti a severe form of hepatitis
subtype: liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: communicable_disease a disease that can be communicated from one person to another
subtype: contagious_disease__contagion any disease easily transmitted by contact
subtype: influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: Asiatic_flu influenza caused by the Asian virus that was first isolated in 1957
subtype: measles__rubeola an acute and highly contagious viral disease marked by distinct red spots followed by a rash; occurs primarily in children
subtype: German_measles__rubella__threedaymeasle__epidemic_roseola a contagious viral disease that is a milder form of measles lasting three or four days; can be damaging to a fetus during the first trimester
subtype: diphtheria acute contagious bacterial infection marked by the formation of a false membrane in the throat and other air passages causing difficulty in breathing
subtype: scarlet_fever__scarletfever__scarlatina an acute communicable disease (usually in children) characterized by fever and a red rash
subtype: pox a contagious disease characterized by purulent skin eruptions that may leave pock marks
subtype: smallpox__variola a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever and weakness and skin eruption with pustules that form scabs that slough off leaving scars
subtype: chickenpox__varicella an acute contagious disease caused by herpes varicella zoster virus; causes a rash of vesicles on the face and body
subtype: Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: venereal_disease__VD__social_disease__Cupid's_itch__Cupid's_disease__Venus's_curse__sexually_transmitted_disease a communicable disease transmitted by sexual intercourse or genital contact
subtype: genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: gonorrhea__gonorrhoea__clap a common venereal disease caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae; symptoms are painful urination and pain around the urethra
subtype: granuloma_inguinale__granulomainguinale__granuloma_venereum__granulomavenereum a venereal disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Calymmatobacterium; characterized by a pimply rash of the skin in the genital and groin region
subtype: syphilis__syph__pox a common venereal disease caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta)
subtype: primary_syphilis the first stage; characterized by a chancre at the site of infection
subtype: secondary_syphilis the second stage; characterized by eruptions of the skin and mucous membrane
subtype: tertiary_syphilis the third stage; characterized by involvement of internal organs especially the brain and spinal cord as well as the heart and liver
subtype: neurosyphilis__neurosyphili syphilis of the central nervous system
subtype: tabes_dorsalis__locomotor_ataxia__locomotorataxia syphilis of the spinal cord characterized by degeneration of sensory neurons and stabbing pains in the trunk and legs and unsteady gait and incontinence and impotence
subtype: infectious_disease a disease transmitted only by a specific kind of contact
subtype: AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: undulant_fever__brucellosis__Malta_fever__Gibraltar_fever__Rock_fever__Mediterranean_fever infectious bacterial disease of human beings transmitted by contact with infected animals or infected meat or milk products; characterized by fever and headache
subtype: epidemic_cholera__cholera__Asiatic_cholera__Indian_cholera an acute intestinal infection caused by ingestion of contaminated water or food
subtype: dengue_fever__dengue__dandy_fever__dandyfever__breakbone_fever an infectious disease of the tropics transmitted by mosquitoes and characterized by rash and aching head and joints
subtype: dysentery an infection of the intestines marked by severe diarrhea
subtype: amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: shigellosis__bacillary_dysentery__bacillarydysentery an acute infection of the intestine by Shigella bacteria; characterized by diarrhea and fever and abdominal pains
subtype: epidemic_disease any infectious disease that develops and spreads rapidly to many people
subtype: plague.epidemic_disease__pestilence any epidemic disease with a high death rate
subtype: plague a serious (sometimes fatal) infection transmitted by the bite of an infected rat flea (especially bubonic plague)
subtype: bubonic_plague__bubonicplague plague characterized by delirium and the formation of buboes
subtype: Black_Death__black_plague__blackplague the epidemic form of bubonic plague experienced during the Middle Ages when it killed nearly half the people of western Europe
subtype: pneumonic_plague__pneumonicplague characterized by lung involvement
subtype: septicemic_plague an especially dangerous form in which infecting organisms invade the bloodstream
subtype: epidemic_pleurodynia__epidemic_myalgia__myosis__diaphragmatic_pleurisy__diaphragmaticpleurisy__Bornholm_disease an acute infectious disease occurring in epidemic form and featuring paroxysms of pain (usually in the chest)
subtype: hepatitis__hepatiti inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin
subtype: herpes viral diseases causing eruptions of the skin or mucous membrane
subtype: herpes_simplex an infection caused by the herpes simples virus; affects the skin and nervous system; produces small temporary (but sometimes painful) blisters on the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: oral_herpes__herpes_labialis__cold_sore__fever_blister__feverblister caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
subtype: genital_herpes__herpes_genitalis an infection caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) that is usually transmitted by sexual contact; marked by recurrent attacks of painful eruptions on the skin and mucous membranes of the genital area
subtype: herpes_zoster__zoster__shingles eruptions along a nerve path often accompanied by severe neuralgia
subtype: infectious_mononucleosis__mononucleosis__mononucleosi__mono__glandular_fever__glandularfever__kissing_disease__kissingdisease an acute disease characterized by fever and swollen lymph nodes and an abnormal increase of mononuclear leucocytes or monocytes in the bloodstream; not highly contagious; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing
subtype: Lassa_fever a serious contagious viral disease of central western Africa; characterized by fever and inflammation and muscular pains and difficulty swallowing
subtype: leprosy__hansen'sdisease chronic granulomatous communicable disease occurring in tropical and subtropical regions; characterized by inflamed nodules beneath the skin and wasting of body parts; caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae
subtype: tuberculoid_leprosy leprosy characterized by tumors in the skin and cutaneous nerves
subtype: lepromatous_leprosy a very serious form of leprosy characterized by lesions that spread over much of the body and affecting many systems of the body
subtype: listeriosis__listeriosi an infectious disease common to many animals and occasionally transmitted to humans (especially to newborn or immunosuppressed persons)
subtype: lymphogranuloma_venereum__lymphogranulomavenereum__LGV__lymphopathia_venereum infectious disease caused by a species of chlamydia bacterium; transmitted by sexual contact; characterized by genital lesions and swelling of lymph nodes in the groin
subtype: meningitis infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the meninges (the tissues that surround the brain or spinal cord) caused by a bacterial infection; symptoms include headache and stiff neck and fever and nausea
subtype: cerebrospinal_meningitis__epidemic_meningitis__brain_fever__brainfever__cerebrospinal_fever__cerebrospinalfever meningitis caused by bacteria and often fatal
subtype: leptomeningitis inflammation of the leptomeninges
subtype: mumps__mump__epidemic_parotitis an acute contagious viral disease characterized by fever and by swelling of the parotid glands
subtype: paratyphoid_fever__paratyphoidfever__paratyphoid any of a variety of infectious intestinal diseases resembling typhoid fever
subtype: acute_anterior_poliomyelitis__poliomyelitis__poliomyeliti__polio__infantileparalysi an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord
subtype: ratbite_fever__ratbitefever either of two infectious diseases transmitted to humans by the bite of a rat or mouse; characterized by fever and headache and nausea and skin eruptions
subtype: Haverhill_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the United States
subtype: sodoku__spirillum_fever the form of ratbite fever occurring in the Far East
subtype: rickettsial_disease__rickettsialdisease__rickettsiosis__rickettsiosi infectious disease caused by ticks or mites or body lice infected with rickettsial bacteria
subtype: typhus_fever__typhus rickettsial disease transmitted by body lice and characterized by skin rash and high fever
subtype: murine_typhus__rat_typhus__urban_typhus__endemic_typhus acute infection caused by rickettsia and transmitted by the bite of an infected flea; characterized by fever and chills and muscle aches and a rash
subtype: spotted_fever__spottedfever any of several severe febrile diseases characterized by skin rashes or spots on the skin
subtype: Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever__mountain_fever__tick_fever caused by rickettsial bacteria and transmitted by wood ticks
subtype: Q_fever an acute disease resembling influenza
subtype: ricketsialpox mild infectious rickettsial disease caused by a bacterium of the genus Rickettsia transmitted to humans by the bite a mite that lives on rodents; characterized by chills and fever and headache and skin lesions that resemble chickenpox
subtype: trench_fever marked by pain in muscles and joints and transmitted by lice
subtype: tsutsugamushi_disease__tsutsugamushidisease__scrub_typhus transmitted by larval mites and widespread in Asia
subtype: relapsing_fever__recurrent_fever marked by recurring high fever and transmitted by the bite of infected lice or ticks; characterized by episodes of high fever and chills and headache and muscle pain and nausea that recur every week or ten days for several months
subtype: rheumatic_fever a severe disease chiefly of children and characterized by painful inflammation of the joints and frequently damage to the heart valves
subtype: miliary_fever__miliaryfever__sweating_sickness epidemic in the 15th and 16th centuries and characterized by profuse sweating and high mortality
subtype: tuberculosis__TB__T.B. infection transmitted by inhalation or ingestion of tubercle bacilli and manifested in fever and small lesions (usually in the lungs but in various other parts of the body in acute stages)
subtype: Pott's_disease TB of the spine with destruction of vertebrae resulting in curvature of the spine
subtype: miliary_tuberculosis acute tuberculosis characterized by the appearance of tiny tubercles on one or more organs of the body (presumably resulting from tubercle bacilli being spread in the bloodstream)
subtype: pulmonary_tuberculosis__consumption__phthisi__wasting_disease__wastingdisease__white_plague__whiteplague involving the lungs with progressive wasting of the body
subtype: scrofula__struma__king's_evil a form of tuberculosis characterized by swellings of the lymphatic glands
subtype: lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: typhoid_fever__typhoidfever__typhoid__enteric_fever__entericfever serious infection marked by intestinal inflammation and ulceration; caused by Salmonella typhosa ingested with food or water
subtype: whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: yaws__frambesia__framboesia an infectious tropical disease resembling syphilis in its early stages; marked by red skin eruptions and ulcerating lesions
subtype: yellow_fever__yellow_jack__black_vomit__blackvomit caused by a virus transmitted by a mosquito
subtype: common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: head_cold a common cold affecting the nasal passages and resulting in congestion and sneezing and headache
subtype: exanthema_subitum__exanthemasubitum__roseola_infantum__roseolainfantum__roseola_infantilis__pseudorubella a viral disease of infants and young children; characterized by abrupt high fever and mild sore throat; a few days later there is a faint pinkish rash that lasts for a few hours to a few days
subtype: respiratory_disease__respiratorydisease__respiratory_disorder__respiratorydisorder a disease affecting the respiratory system
subtype: influenza__flu__grippe an acute febrile highly contagious viral disease
subtype: whooping_cough__pertussis__pertussi a disease of the respiratory mucous membrane
subtype: common_cold__cold a mild viral infection involving the nose and respiratory passages (but not the lungs); "will they never find a cure for the common cold?"
subtype: bronchial_asthma__bronchialasthma__asthma__asthma_attack respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin
subtype: status_asthmaticus a prolonged and severe asthma attack that does not respond to standard treatment
subtype: bronchitis inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchial tubes
subtype: bronchiolitis__bronchioliti inflammation of the membranes lining the bronchioles
subtype: chronic_bronchitis a form of bronchitis characterized by excess production of sputum leading to a chronic cough and obstruction of air flow
subtype: chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: pulmonary_emphysema__pulmonaryemphysema__emphysema an abnormal condition of the lungs marked by decreased respiratory function; associated with smoking or chronic bronchitis or old age
subtype: chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease__chronicobstructivepulmonarydisease a nonreversible lung disease that is a combination of emphysema and chronic bronchitis; usually patients have been heavy cigarette smokers
subtype: pneumonia respiratory disease characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma (excluding the bronchi) with congestion caused by viruses or bacteria or irritants
subtype: bronchopneumonia__bronchial_pneumonia pneumonia characterized by acute inflammation of the walls of the bronchioles
subtype: aspiration_pneumonia bronchopneumonia resulting from foreign material (usually vomit or food particles) entering the bronchi
subtype: lobar_pneumonia pneumonia affecting one or more lobes of the lung; commonly due to streptococcal infection
subtype: double_pneumonia lobar pneumonia involving both lungs
subtype: Legionnaire's_disease acute (sometimes fatal) lobar pneumonia caused by bacteria of a kind first recognized after an outbreak of the disease at an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976; characterized by fever and muscle and chest pain and headache and chills and a dry cough
subtype: pneumococcal_pneumonia pneumonia caused by bacteria of the genus pneumococcus
subtype: pneumocytosis__pneumocytosi__pneumocystis_pneumonia__pneumocystis_carinii_pneumonia__interstitial_plasma_cell_pneumonia pneumonia occurring in infants or in persons with impaired immune systems (as AIDS victims)
subtype: pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: primary_atypical_pneumonia__atypical_pneumonia__mycoplasmal_pneumonia__mycoplasmalpneumonia an acute respiratory disease marked by high fever and coughing; caused by mycoplasma; primarily affecting children and young adults
subtype: parrot_fever__psittacosis__psittacosi__ornithosis an atypical pneumonia caused by a rickettsia microorganism and transmitted to humans from infected birds
subtype: interstitial_pneumonia chronic lung disease affecting the interstitial tissue of the lungs
subtype: pneumoconiosis__pneumonoconiosis chronic respiratory disease caused by inhaling metallic or mineral particles
subtype: anthracosis__anthracosi__black_lung__blacklung__blacklungdisease__coal_miner's_lung lung disease caused by inhaling coal dust
subtype: asbestosis lung disease caused by inhaling asbestos particles
subtype: siderosis__siderosi fibrosis of the lung caused by iron dust; occurs among welders and other metal workers
subtype: silicosis__silicosi a lung disease caused by inhaling particles of silica or quartz or slate
subtype: respiratory_distress_syndrome_of_the_newborn__respiratory_distress_syndrome__hyaline_membrane_disease an acute lung disease of the newborn (especially the premature newborn); lungs cannot expand because of a wetting agent is lacking; characterized by rapid shallow breathing and cyanosis and the formation of a glassy hyaline membrane over the alveoli
subtype: genetic_disease__geneticdisease__genetic_disorder__geneticdisorder__genetic_abnormality__geneticabnormality__genetic_defect__geneticdefect__congenital_disease__inherited_disease__inheriteddisease__inherited_disorder__inheriteddisorder__hereditary_disease__hereditary_condition a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically
subtype: achondroplasia__achondroplasty__osteosclerosis_congenita__chondrodystrophy an inherited skeletal disorder beginning before birth; cartilage is converted to bone resulting in dwarfism
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: galactosemia a genetic disease (autosomal recessive) in which an enzyme needed to metabolize galactose is deficient or absent; typically develops shortly after birth
subtype: lysinemia an inborn error of metabolism in which the lack of certain enzymes leads to an inability to metabolize the amino acid lysine; characterized by muscular weakness and mental retardation
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: phenylketonuria__PKU a genetic disorder of metabolism; lack of the enzyme needed to turn phenylalanine into tyrosine results in an accumulation of phenylalanine in the body fluids which causes various degrees of mental deficiency
subtype: Hirschsprung's_disease__congenital_megacolon congenital condition in which the colon does not have the normal network of nerves; there is little urge to defecate so the feces accumulate and cause megacolon
subtype: mucopolysaccharidosis__mucopolysaccharidosi any of a group of genetic disorders involving a defect in the metabolism of mucopolysaccharides resulting in greater than normal levels of mucopolysaccharides in tissues
subtype: Hurler's_syndrome__Hurler's_disease__gargoylism__dysostosis_multiplex__lipochondrodystrophy hereditary disease (autosomal recessive) consisting of an error is mucopolysaccharide metabolism; characterized by severe abnormalities in development of skeletal cartilage and bone and mental retardation
subtype: hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: ichthyosis any of several congenital diseases in which the skin is fishlike (dry and scaly)
subtype: maple_syrup_urine_disease__maplesyrupurinedisease__branched_chain_ketoaciduria an inherited disorder of metabolism in which the urine has a odor characteristic of maple syrup; if untreated it can lead to mental retardation and death in early childhood
subtype: McArdle's_disease an inherited disease in which abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate in skeletal muscle; results in weakness and cramping
subtype: muscular_dystrophy__dystrophy any of several hereditary diseases of the muscular system characterized by weakness and wasting of skeletal muscles
subtype: Duchenne's_muscular_dystrophy__pseudohypertrophic_dystrophy the most common form of muscular dystrophy; X-linked recessive (affecting only males)
subtype: limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: myotonic_muscular_dystrophy__myotonia_atrophica__Steinert's_disease a severe form of muscular dystrophy marked by facial weakness and drooping eyelids and difficult speech and difficulty with the hands that spreads to the arms and shoulders and legs and hips
subtype: oligodactyly congenital condition in which some fingers or toes are missing
subtype: oligodontia congenital condition in which some of the teeth are missing
subtype: otosclerosis hereditary disorder in which ossification of the labyrinth of the inner ear causes tinnitus and eventual deafness
subtype: autosomal_dominant_disease__autosomal_dominant_disorder a disease caused by a dominant mutant gene on an autosome
subtype: Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: malignant_hyperthermia__malignanthyperthermia hereditary condition in which certain anesthetics (e.g., halothane) cause high body temperatures and muscle rigidity
subtype: Marfan's_syndrome an autosomal dominant disease characterized by elongated bones (especially of limbs and digits) and abnormalities of the eyes and circulatory system
subtype: neurofibromatosis__neurofibromatosi__von_Recklinghausen's_disease autosomal dominant disease characterized by numerous neurofibromas and by spots on the skin and often by developmental abnormalities
subtype: osteogenesis_imperfecta autosomal dominant disorder of connective tissue characterized by brittle bones that fracture easily
subtype: autosomal_recessive_disease__autosomalrecessivedisease__autosomal_recessive_defect__autosomalrecessivedefect a disease caused by the presence of two recessive mutant genes on an autosome
subtype: limb-girdle_muscular_dystrophy an autosomal recessive form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular weakness beginning either in the shoulder or pelvic girdle
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: thrombasthenia a rare autosomal recessive disease in which the platelets do not produce clots in the normal way and hemorrhage results
subtype: tyrosinemia autosomal recessive defect in tyrosine metabolism resulting in liver and kidney disturbances and mental retardation
subtype: Werdnig-Hoffman_disease autosomal recessive disease in which the degeneration of spinal nerve cells and brain nerve cells leads to atrophy of skeletal muscles and flaccid paralysis; death usually occurs in early childhood
subtype: Fanconi's_anemia__Fanconi's_anaemia__congenital_pancytopenia a rare congenital anemia characterized by pancytopenia and hypoplasia of the bone marrow
subtype: sickle-cell_anemia__sickle-cell_anaemia__sickle-cell_disease__crescent-cell_anemia__crescent-cell_anaemia__drepanocytic_anemia__drepanocytic_anaemia a congenital form of anemia occurring mostly in blacks; characterized by abnormal blood cells having a crescent shape
subtype: Spielmeyer-Vogt_disease__juvenile_amaurotic_idiocy a congenital progressive disorder of lipid metabolism having an onset at age 5 and characterized by blindness and dementia and early death
subtype: congenital_afibrinogenemia a rare congenital disorder of blood coagulation in which no fibrinogen is found in the blood plasma
subtype: osteopetrosis__Albers-Schonberg_disease__marble_bones_disease an inherited disorder characterized by an increase in bone density; in severe forms the bone marrow cavity may be obliterated
subtype: nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
subtype: dwarfism__nanism a genetic abnormality resulting in short stature
subtype: pycnodysostosis__pycnodysostosi a form of dwarfism accompanied by fragile bones and bad teeth
subtype: lactose_intolerance__lactoseintolerance__lactase_deficiency__lactasedeficiency__milk_intolerance congenital disorder consisting of an inability to digest milk and milk products; absence or deficiency of lactase results in an inability to hydrolyze lactose
subtype: porphyria a genetic abnormality of metabolism causing abdominal pains and mental confusion
subtype: hepatolenticular_degeneration__Wilson's_disease a rare inherited disorder of copper metabolism; copper accumulates in the liver and then in the red blood cells and brain
subtype: inflammatory_disease a disease characterized by inflammation
subtype: necrotizing_enterocolitis__necrotizingenterocoliti__nec an acute inflammatory disease occurring in the intestines of premature infants; necrosis of intestinal tissue may follow
subtype: gastroenteritis__stomach_flu__intestinal_flu inflammation of the stomach and intestines; can be caused by Salmonella enteritidis
subtype: cholera_infantum__cholerainfantum often fatal form of gastroenteritis occurring in children; not true cholera but having similar symptoms
subtype: pelvic_inflammatory_disease__PID inflammation of the female pelvic organs (especially the Fallopian tubes) caused by infection by any of several microorganisms (chiefly gonococci and chlamydia); symptoms are abdominal pain and fever and foul-smelling vaginal discharge
subtype: empyema a collection of pus in a body cavity (especially in the lung cavity)
subtype: purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: pleurisy inflammation of the pleura of the lungs (especially the parietal layer)
subtype: purulent_pleurisy a collection of pus in the lung cavity
subtype: pleuropneumonia pleurisy and pneumonia
subtype: sore_throat__pharyngitis__raw_throat__rawthroat inflammation of the fauces and pharynx
subtype: streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: angina any disease of the throat or fauces marked by spasmodic attacks of intense suffocative pain
subtype: Vincent's_angina__Vincent's_infection__trench_mouth an acute communicable infection of the respiratory tract and mouth marked by ulceration of the mucous membrane
subtype: quinsy__peritonsillar_abscess__peritonsillarabsces a painful pus-filled inflammation of the tonsils and surrounding tissues; usually a complication of tonsillitis
subtype: croup__spasmodic_laryngitis a disease of infants and young children; harsh coughing and hoarseness and fever and difficult breathing
subtype: arthritis__arthriti inflammation of a joint or joints
subtype: rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: psoriatic_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis usually affecting fingers and toes and associated with psoriasis
subtype: Still's_disease__juvenile_rheumatoid_arthritis a form of rheumatoid arthritis that affects children; large joints become inflamed and bone growth may be retarded
subtype: osteoarthritis__degenerative_arthritis__degenerative_joint_disease chronic breakdown of cartilage in the joints; the most common form of arthritis occurring usually after middle age
subtype: gout__gouty_arthritis__goutyarthriti__urarthritis__urarthriti a painful inflammation of the big toe and foot caused by defects in uric acid metabolism resulting in deposits of the acid and its salts in the blood and joints
subtype: spondylarthritis arthritis that affects one or more of the intervertebral joints in the spine
subtype: acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: acne_rosacea__rosacea a skin disease of adults (more often women) in which blood vessels of the face enlarge resulting in a flushed appearance
subtype: acne_vulgaris the most common form of acne; usually affects people from puberty to young adulthood
subtype: aspiration_penumonia inflammation of the lungs caused by inhaling or choking on vomitus; may occur during unconsciousness (anesthesia or drunkenness or seizure or cardiac arrest)
subtype: urinary_tract_infection__urinarytractinfection any infection of any of the organs of the urinary tract
subtype: cystitis inflammation of the urinary bladder and ureters
subtype: pyelonephritis inflammation of the kidney and its pelvis caused by bacterial infection
subtype: acute_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis resulting from the spread of a bladder infection
subtype: chronic_pyelonephritis pyelonephritis that develops slowly and can lead to renal failure if untreated; often associated with a kidney stone or with narrowing of the urinary passageways
subtype: urethritis inflammation of the urethra; results in painful urination
subtype: nongonococcal_urethritis__NGU sexually transmitted urethritis (usually caused by chlamydia)
subtype: nonspecific_urethritis__NSU inflammation of the urethra of unknown cause
subtype: autoimmune_disease__autoimmune_disorder any of a large group of diseases characterized by abnormal functioning of the immune system that causes your immune system to produce antibodies against your own tissues
subtype: Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: rheumatoid_arthritis__atrophic_arthritis__rheumatism a chronic autoimmune disease with inflammation of the joints and marked deformities; something (possibly a virus) triggers an attack on the synovium by the immune system, which releases cytokines that stimulate an inflammatory reaction that can lead to the destruction of all components of the joint
subtype: ankylosing_spondylitis__Marie-Strumpell_disease__rheumatoid_spondylitis a chronic form of spondylitis primarily in males and marked by impaired mobility of the spine; sometimes leads to ankylosis
subtype: discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: Hashimoto's_disease autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland; most common in middle-aged women
subtype: lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: scleroderma__dermatosclerosis an autoimmune disease that affects the blood vessels and connective tissue; fibrous connective tissue is deposited in the skin
subtype: morphea localized scleroderma
subtype: idiopathic_thrombocytopenic_purpura__thrombocytopenic_purpura__purpura_hemorrhagica__purpurahemorrhagica__Werlhof's_disease purpura associated with a reduction in circulating blood platelets which can result from a variety of factors
subtype: deficiency_disease any disease caused by a lack of an essential nutrient (as a vitamin or mineral)
subtype: malnutrition a state of poor nutrition; can result from insufficient or excessive or unbalanced diet or from inability to absorb foods
subtype: avitaminosis__hypovitaminosis__hypovitaminosi any of several diseases caused by deficiency of one or more vitamins
subtype: beriberi avitaminosis caused by lack of thiamine (vitamin B1)
subtype: kakke_disease the endemic form of beriberi
subtype: pellagra__Alpine_scurvy__mal_de_la_rosa__mal_rosso__malrosso__maidism__Saint_Ignatius'_itch a disease caused by deficiency of niacin or tryptophan (or by a defect in the metabolic conversion of tryptophan to niacin); characterized by gastrointestinal disturbances and erythema and nervous or mental disorders; may be caused by malnutrition or alcoholism or other nutritional impairments
subtype: rickets__rachitis childhood disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D and sunlight associated with impaired metabolism of calcium and phosphorus
subtype: scurvy a condition caused by deficiency of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
subtype: nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: kwashiorkor severe malnutrition in children resulting from a diet excessively high in carbohydrates and low in protein
subtype: marasmus extreme malnutrition and emaciation (especially in children); can result from inadequate intake of food or from malabsorption or metabolic disorders
subtype: zinc_deficiency a deficiency caused by inadequate zinc in the diet or by liver disease or cystic fibrosis or other diseases
subtype: fibrocystic_breast_disease__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_breast__cystic_breast_disease__cystic_mastitis the presence of one or more cysts in a breast
subtype: goiter__goitre__struma__thyromegaly abnormally enlarged thyroid gland; can result from under-production or over-production of hormone or from a deficiency of iodine in the diet
subtype: sandfly_fever__sandflyfever__pappataci_fever__phlebotomus a mild viral disease transmitted by the bite of the sand fly Phlebotomus papatasii
subtype: skin_disease__disease_of_the_skin__skin_disorder__skin_problem__skin_condition a disease affecting the skin
subtype: acantholysis a breakdown of a cell layer in the epidermis (as in pemphigus)
subtype: acanthosis an abnormal but benign thickening of the prickle-cell layer of the skin (as in psoriasis)
subtype: acanthosis_nigricans__keratosis_nigricans__keratosisnigrican a skin disease characterized by dark wart-like patches in the body folds; can be benign or malignant
subtype: acne an inflammatory disease involving the sebaceous glands of the skin; characterized by papules or pustules or comedones
subtype: dermatosis disorder involving lesions or eruptions of the skin (in which there is usually no inflammation)
subtype: pityriasis any of several skin disorders characterized by shedding dry flakes of skin
subtype: dandruff.pityriasis a condition in which white scales of dead skin are shed by the scalp
subtype: pityriasis_alba common form of pityriasis (usually in children or young adults) characterized by round patches of depigmentation
subtype: pityriasis_rosea pityriasis in which an itchy rash develops over the trunk and extremities
subtype: eczema generic term for inflammatory conditions of the skin; particularly with vesiculation in the acute stages
subtype: dermatitis inflammation of the skin; skin becomes itchy and may develop blisters
subtype: actinic_dermatitis dermatitis caused exposure to sunlight
subtype: atopic_dermatitis__atopic_eczema dermatitis characterized by atopy
subtype: contact_dermatitis a delayed type of allergic reaction of the skin resulting from skin contact with a specific allergen (such as poison ivy)
subtype: bubble_gum_dermatitis an allergic contact dermatitis developed around the lips of children who chew bubble gum
subtype: Rhus_dermatitis contact dermatitis resulting from contact with plants of the genus Toxicodendron
subtype: poison_ivy dermatitis resulting from contact with the poison ivy plant
subtype: poison_oak dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison oak plant
subtype: poison_sumac dermatitis resulting from contact with a poison sumac plant
subtype: cradle_cap a dermatitis of the scalp that is common in infants
subtype: diaper_rash__diaper_dermatitis dermatitis of the thighs and buttocks of infants; supposedly caused by ammonia in the urine in the child's diapers
subtype: hypericism a severe dermatitis of herbivorous domestic animals attributable to photosensitivity from eating Saint John's wort
subtype: neurodermatitis__neurodermatiti dermatitis in which localized areas (especially the forearms or back of the neck or outer part of the ankle) itch persistently; cause is unknown
subtype: schistosome_dermatitis__swimmer's_itch__swimmer'sitch a sensitization reaction to repeated invasion of the skin by cercariae of schistosomes (human or animal)
subtype: seborrheic_dermatitis__seborrheic_eczema a chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and greasy scales on the scalp or eyelids or other parts of the skin
subtype: allergic_eczema eczema caused by an allergic reaction
subtype: baker's_eczema__baker'seczema allergic eczema caused by flour or other ingredients handled by bakers
subtype: eczema_herpeticum eczema characterized by a feverish condition and widespread eruption of vesicles; most common in children
subtype: lichtenoid_eczema__chronic_eczema__chroniceczema__eczema_hypertrophicum eczema characterized by thickening of the skin with accentuated skin lines
subtype: erythroderma any skin disorder involving abnormal redness
subtype: erythema abnormal redness of the skin resulting from dilation of blood vessels (as in sunburn or inflammation)
subtype: erythema_multiforme a red rash caused by hypersensitivity to a drug or disease or other allergen
subtype: erythema_nodosum skin condition characterized by tender red nodules on the shins and legs
subtype: erythema_nodosum_leprosum__ENL an inflammatory complication of leprosy that results in painful skin lesions on the arms and legs and face
subtype: hickey__love_bite a temporary red mark on a person's skin resulting from kissing or sucking by their lover
subtype: erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: windburn redness and irritation of the skin caused by exposure to high-velocity wind
subtype: flare.erythroderma reddening of the skin spreading outward from a focus of infection or irritation
subtype: furunculosis acute skin disease characterized by the presence of many furuncles
subtype: impetigo a very contagious infection of the skin; common in children; localized redness develops into small blisters that gradually crust and erode
subtype: jungle_rot skin disorder induced by a tropical climate
subtype: keratoderma any skin disorder consisting of a growth that appears horny
subtype: keratonosis any abnormal condition of the outer skin (epidermis)
subtype: keratosis__keratosi a skin condition marked by an overgrowth of layers of horny skin
subtype: actinic_keratosis__actinickeratosi an overgrowth of skin layers resulting from extended exposure to the sun
subtype: keratosis_blennorrhagica__keratosisblennorrhagica__keratoderma_blennorrhagica__keratodermablennorrhagica skin disease characterized by a scaly rash on the palms and soles; associated with Reiter's syndrome
subtype: keratosis_follicularis__Darier's_disease a rare hereditary condition marked by dark crusted patches (sometimes containing pus)
subtype: keratosis_pilaris__keratosispilari keratosis characterized by hard conical elevations in the openings of sebaceous glands (especially of arms and thighs)
subtype: seborrheic_keratosis a skin condition characterized by circumscribed wartlike lesions that can be itchy and covered with a greasy crust
subtype: leukoderma a congenital skin condition characterized by spots or bands of unpigmented skin
subtype: lichen.skin_disease any of several eruptive skin diseases characterized by hard thick lesions grouped together and resembling lichens growing on rocks
subtype: lichen_planus__lichen_ruber_planus an eruption of shiny flat-topped purplish (usually itchy) papules on the wrist and forearms and thighs
subtype: livedo skin disorder characterized by patchy bluish discolorations on the skin
subtype: lupus__lupu any of several forms of ulcerative skin disease
subtype: lupus_vulgaris tuberculosis of the skin; appears first on the face and heals slowly leaving deep scars
subtype: discoid_lupus_erythematosus__DLE a chronic skin disease occurring primarily in women between the ages of 20 and 40; characterized by an eruption of red lesions over the cheeks and bridge of the nose
subtype: lupus_erythematosus__lupuserythematosu__LE a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)
subtype: systemic_lupus_erythematosus__SLE__disseminated_lupus_erythematosus an inflammatory disease of connective tissue with variable features including fever and weakness and fatigability and joint pains and skin lesions on the face or neck or arms
subtype: melanosis__melanosi__melanism a condition characterized by abnormal deposits of melanin (especially in the skin)
subtype: molluscum any skin disease characterized by soft pulpy nodules
subtype: molluscum_contagiosum__molluscumcontagiosum a virus disease of the skin marked by round white swellings; transmitted from person to person (most often in children or in adults with impaired immune function)
subtype: necrobiosis_lipoidica_diabeticorum__necrobiosislipoidicadiabeticorum__necrobiosis_lipoidica__necrobiosislipoidica skin disease marked by thin shiny patches (especially on the legs); often associated with diabetes mellitus
subtype: pemphigus__pemphigu a skin disease characterized by large thin-walled blisters (bullae) arising from normal skin or mucous membrane
subtype: prurigo chronic inflammatory disease of the skin characterized by blister capped papules and intense itching
subtype: psoriasis__psoriasi a chronic skin disease characterized by dry red patches covered with scales; occurs especially on the scalp and ears and genitalia and the skin over bony prominences
subtype: rhagades cracks or fissures in the skin (especially around the mouth or anus)
subtype: Saint_Anthony's_fire any of several inflammatory or gangrenous skin conditions
subtype: erysipelas an acute streptococcal infection characterized by deep-red inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes
subtype: seborrhea a condition in which overactivity of the sebaceous glands causes the skin to become oily
subtype: vitiligo an acquired skin disease characterized by patches of unpigmented skin (often surrounded by a heavily pigmented border)
subtype: xanthoma a skin problem marked by the development (on the eyelids and neck and back) of irregular yellow nodules; sometimes attributable to disturbances of cholesterol metabolism
subtype: xanthelasma xanthoma of the eyelids; occurs chiefly in the elderly
subtype: xanthoma_disseminatum rare chronic xanthoma of adults n which orange or brownish papules develop on many surfaces of the body
subtype: xanthomatosis__xanthomatosi__xanthoma_multiplex__cholesterosis_cutis__cholesterosiscuti__lipid_granulomatosis__lipoid_granulomatosis widespread xanthomas (especially on elbows and knees); often associated with a disorder of lipid metabolism
subtype: xanthosis__xanthosi an abnormal yellow discoloration of the skin
subtype: malignancy__malignance (medical) a malignant state; progressive and resistant to treatment and tending to cause death
subtype: malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: carcinosarcoma a malignant neoplasm composed of carcinoma and sarcoma extensively intermixed
subtype: cancer__malignant_neoplastic_disease any malignant growth or tumor caused by abnormal and uncontrolled cell division; it may spread to other parts of the body through the lymphatic system or the blood stream
subtype: lymphoma a neoplasm of lymph tissue that is usually malignant; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: Hodgkin's_disease a malignant disorder in which there is progressive (but painless) enlargement of lymph tissue followed by enlargement of the spleen and liver
subtype: carcinoma any malignant tumor derived from epithelial tissue; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: liver_cancer__livercancer__cancer_of_the_liver malignant neoplastic disease of the liver usually occurring as a metastasis from another cancer; symptoms include loss of appetite and weakness and bloating and jaundice and upper abdominal discomfort
subtype: adenocarcinoma__glandular_cancer__glandularcancer__glandular_carcinoma__glandularcarcinoma malignant tumor originating in glandular epithelium
subtype: prostate_cancer__prostatic_adenocarcinoma__prostaticadenocarcinoma cancer of the prostate gland
subtype: breast_cancer cancer of the breast; one of the most common malignancies in women in the US
subtype: carcinoma_in_situ__preinvasive_cancer__preinvasivecancer a cluster of malignant cells that has not yet invaded the deeper epithelial tissue or spread to other parts of the body
subtype: colon_cancer__coloncancer a malignant tumor of the colon; early symptom is bloody stools
subtype: embryonal_carcinoma malignant neoplasm of the testis
subtype: endometrial_carcinoma__endometrialcarcinoma__endometrial_cancer__endometrialcancer cancer of the uterine lining
subtype: malignant_hepatoma__malignanthepatoma__hepatoma__hepatocarcinoma__hepatocellular_carcinoma carcinoma of the liver
subtype: lung_cancer carcinoma of the lungs; one of the commonest forms of cancer
subtype: mesothelioma a rare form of carcinoma of the mesothelium lining lungs or abdomen or heart; usually associated with exposure to asbestos dust
subtype: oat_cell_carcinoma__small_cell_carcinoma highly malignant carcinoma composed of small round or egg-shaped cells with little cytoplasm; lung cancers are frequently oat cell carcinomas
subtype: oral_cancer malignant neoplasm of the lips of mouth; most common in men over the age of 60
subtype: pancreatic_cancer cancer of the pancreas
subtype: seminoma__testicular_cancer malignant tumor of the testis; usually occurring in older men
subtype: skin_cancer a malignant neoplasm of the skin
subtype: cancroid__squamous_cell_carcinoma the most common form of skin cancer
subtype: epithelioma a malignant tumor of the epithelial tissue
subtype: malignant_melanoma__malignantmelanoma__melanoma any of several malignant neoplasms (usually of the skin) consisting of melanocytes
subtype: trophoblastic_cancer__trophoblasticcancer malignant neoplasm of the uterus derived from the epithelium of the chorion
subtype: leukemia__leukaemia__cancer_of_the_blood malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by abnormal proliferation of leukocytes; one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: acute_leukemia__acuteleukemia rapidly progressing leukemia
subtype: acute_lymphocytic_leukemia__acutelymphocyticleukemia__acute_lymphoblastic_leukemia__acutelymphoblasticleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of immature lymphoblast-like cells in bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen, and blood; most common in children
subtype: acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: chronic_leukemia__chronicleukemia slowly progressing leukemia
subtype: chronic_lymphocytic_leukemia__chroniclymphocyticleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by lymphoblast-like cells; more common in older men
subtype: chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: lymphocytic_leukemia__lymphocyticleukemia leukemia characterized by enlargement of lymphoid tissues and lymphocytic cells in the circulating blood
subtype: lymphoblastic_leukemia__lymphoblasticleukemia a form of lymphocytic leukemia in which the abnormal cells in the circulating blood are almost totally lymphoblasts
subtype: monocytic_leukemia__monocyticleukemia__monocytic_lukaemia__monocyticlukaemia__monoblastic_leukemia__monoblasticleukemia__monoblstic_leukaemia__histiocytic_leukemia__histiocyticleukemia__histiocytic_leukaemia__histiocyticleukaemia leukemia characterized by the proliferation of monocytes and monoblasts in the blood
subtype: myeloblastic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; characterized by numerous myeloblasts in the blood stream
subtype: myelocytic_leukemia__granulocytic_leukemia a malignant neoplasm of blood-forming tissues; marked by proliferation of myelocytes and their presence in the blood
subtype: acute_myelocytic_leukemia__acute_myeloid_leukemia__acutemyeloidleukemia acute leukemia characterized by proliferation of granular leukocytes; most common in adolescents and young adults
subtype: chronic_myelocytic_leukemia__myeloid_leukemia__myeloidleukemia chronic leukemia characterized by granular leukocytes; more common in older people
subtype: sarcoma a usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.); one of the four major types of cancer
subtype: chondrosarcoma a malignant neoplasm of cartilage cells
subtype: Ewing's_sarcoma__Ewing's_tumor__Ewing's_tumour__endothelial_myeloma__endothelialmyeloma malignant tumor in bone marrow (usually in the pelvis or in long bones)
subtype: Kaposi's_sarcoma a sarcoma that starts with purplish spots on the feet and legs and spreads from the skin to lymph nodes and internal organs; a common manifestation of AIDS; "until 1980 Kaposi's sarcoma occurred almost exclusively with Jewish or Italian or black men"
subtype: leiomyosarcoma sarcoma of smooth muscle; occurs most often digestive tract or uterus or bladder or prostate
subtype: liposarcoma sarcoma of fat cells
subtype: myosarcoma sarcoma of muscle tissue
subtype: neurosarcoma__malignant_neuroma__malignantneuroma a malignant neoplasm of nerve tissue and fibrous tissue and connective tissue
subtype: osteosarcoma__osteogenic_sarcoma malignant bone tumor; most common in children and young adults where it tends to affect the femur
subtype: rhabdomyosarcoma__rhabdosrcoma a highly malignant neoplasm derived from striated muscle
subtype: embryonal_rhabdomyosarcoma__embryonalrhabdomyosarcoma__embryonal_rhabdosarcoma__embryonalrhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occurring mainly in infants and children
subtype: alveolar_rhabdomyosarcoma__alveolar_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma occuring mainly in adolescents and young adults
subtype: pleomorphic_rhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphicrhabdomyosarcoma__pleomorphic_rhabdosarcoma form of rhabdomyosarcoma that affects limb muscles of older adults
subtype: Wilms'_tumor__Wilms_tumour__adenomyosarcoma__nephroblastoma__embryoma_of_the_kidney malignant renal tumor of young children characterized by hypertension and blood in the urine and the presence of a palpable mass
subtype: retinoblastoma malignant ocular tumor of retinal cells; usually occurs before the third year of life; composed of primitive small round retinal cells
subtype: eye_disease__eyedisease any disease of the eye
subtype: glaucoma increased pressure in the eyeball due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor; damages the optic disc and impairs vision (sometimes progressing to blindness)
subtype: acute_glaucoma__acuteglaucoma__angle-closure_glaucoma__angleclosureglaucoma glaucoma in which the iris blocks the outflow of aqueous humor
subtype: chronic_glaucoma__chronicglaucoma__open-angle_glaucoma glaucoma caused by blockage of the canal of Schlemm; produces gradual loss of peripheral vision
subtype: keratonosus__keratonosu any disease of the cornea
subtype: trachoma a chronic contagious viral disease marked by inflammation of the conjunctiva and cornea of the eye and the formation of scar tissue
subtype: leukoma eye disease consisting of an opaque white spot on the cornea
subtype: cataract clouding of the natural lens of the eye
subtype: animal_disease a disease that typically does not affect human beings
subtype: warble a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly
subtype: anaplasmosis a disease of cattle that is transmitted by cattle ticks; similar to Texas fever
subtype: brooder_pneumonia__brooderpneumonia__aspergillosis__aspergillosi severe respiratory disease of birds that takes the form of an acute rapidly fatal pneumonia in young chickens and turkeys
subtype: bighead any of various diseases of animals characterized by edema of the head and neck
subtype: bull_nose a disease of pigs resulting in swelling of the snout
subtype: canine_chorea__chorea chorea in dogs
subtype: costiasis__costiasi a fatal disease of fresh-water fish caused by a flagellated protozoan invading the skin
subtype: cowpox__vaccinia a viral disease of cattle causing a mild skin disease affecting the udder; formerly used to inoculate humans against smallpox
subtype: creeps.animal_disease a disease of cattle and sheep attributed to a dietary deficiency; characterized by anemia and softening of the bones and a slow stiff gait
subtype: hemorrhagic_septicemia__hemorrhagicsepticemia__pasteurellosis an acute infectious disease characterized by pneumonia and blood infection
subtype: fowl_cholera an acute diarrheal disease (especially of chickens) caused by the microorganism that causes hemorrhagic septicemia
subtype: fowl_pest an acute viral disease of domestic fowl; characterized by refusal to each and high temperature and discoloration of the comb
subtype: hog_cholera highly infectious virus disease of swine
subtype: distemper any of various infectious diseases of animals
subtype: canine_distemper a viral disease of young dogs characterized by high fever and respiratory inflammation
subtype: equine_distemper__strangles__strangle an acute bacterial disease of horses characterized by inflammation of the mucous membranes
subtype: enterotoxemia a disease of cattle and sheep that is attributed to toxins absorbed from the intestines
subtype: foot-and-mouth_disease__hoof-and-mouth_disease acute contagious disease of cloven-footed animals marked by ulcers in the mouth and around the hoofs
subtype: foot_rot contagious degenerative infection of the feet of hoofed animals (especially cattle and sheep)
subtype: black_disease__blackdisease__sheep_rot__sheeprot__liver_rot__liverrot__distomatosis a disease of the liver (especially in sheep and cattle) caused by liver flukes and their by-products
subtype: heaves__broken_wind a chronic emphysema of the horse that causes difficult expiration and heaving of the flanks
subtype: red_water__redwater a disease of cattle; characterized by hematuria
subtype: rhinotracheitis__rhinotracheiti an respiratory infection of the nose and throat in cattle
subtype: rinderpest__cattle_plague an acute infectious viral disease of cattle (usually fatal); characterized by fever and diarrhea and inflammation of mucous membranes
subtype: scours diarrhea in livestock
subtype: bovine_spongiform_encephalitis__BSE__mad_cow_disease__madcowdisease a fatal disease of cattle that affects the central nervous system; causes staggering and agitation
subtype: scrapie a fatal disease of sheep characterized by chronic itching and loss of muscular control and progressive degeneration of the central nervous system
subtype: shipping_fever__shipping_pneumonia a deadly form of septicemia in cattle and sheep; involves high fever and pneumonia; contracted under conditions of exposure or exhaustion (as often happens when the animals are shipped to market)
subtype: spavin a swelling of the hock joint of a horse; resulting in lameness
subtype: blood_spavin__bloodspavin spavin caused by distension of the veins
subtype: bog_spavin__bogspavin spavin caused by collection of fluids
subtype: bone_spavin spavin caused by a bony growth
subtype: loco_disease__locoism a disease of livestock caused by locoweed poisoning; characterized by weakness and lack of coordination and trembling and partial paralysis
subtype: mange an persistent and contagious disease of the skin causing inflammation and itching and loss of hair; affects domestic animals (and sometimes people)
subtype: moon_blindness__mooneye recurrent eye inflammation in horses; sometimes resulting in blindness
subtype: murrain any plaguelike disease of domestic animals
subtype: myxomatosis__myxomatosi a viral disease (usually fatal) of rabbits
subtype: Newcastle_disease disease of domestic fowl and other birds
subtype: pip.animal_disease a disease of poultry
subtype: psittacosis__psittacosi__parrot_disease infectious disease of birds
subtype: pullorum_disease__bacillary_white_diarrhea__bacillarywhitediarrhea__bacillary_white_diarrhoea__bacillarywhitediarrhoea a serious bacterial disease of young chickens
subtype: saddle_sore.animal_disease__saddlesore__gall an open sore on the back of a horse caused by ill-fitting or badly adjusted saddle
subtype: sand_crack a fissure in the wall of a horse's hoof often causing lameness
subtype: toe_crack__toecrack a crack on the forepart of a horse's hindfoot
subtype: quarter_crack__quartercrack a crack on the inside of a horse's forefoot
subtype: sweating_sickness a disease of cattle (especially calves)
subtype: Texas_fever an infectious disease of cattle transmitted by the cattle tick
subtype: trembles__milk_sickness disease of livestock and especially cattle poisoned by eating certain kinds of snakeroot
subtype: zoonosis an animal disease that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: actinomycosis__actinomycosi disease of cattle that can be transmitted to humans; results from infection with actinomycetes; characterized by hard swellings that exude pus through long sinuses
subtype: cervicofacial_actinomycosis__cervicofacialactinomycosi__lumpy_jaw__lumpyjaw the commonest and least severe form of actinomycosis; affects the face and neck regions
subtype: thoracic_actinomycosis a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the chest
subtype: abdominal_actinomycosis__abdominalactinomycosi a serious form of actinomycosis that affects the abdomen
subtype: anthrax__splenic_fever__splenicfever a highly infectious animal disease (especially cattle and sheep); it can be transmitted to people
subtype: brucellosis__contagious_abortion__Bang's_disease an infectious disease of domestic animals often resulting in spontaneous abortion; transmittable to human beings
subtype: glanders a destructive and contagious bacterial disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans
subtype: Lyme_disease__Lyme_arthritis an acute inflammatory disease characterized by a rash with joint swelling and fever; caused by bacteria carried by the bite of a deer tick
subtype: Marburg_disease__Marburg-ebola_disease__green_monkey_disease a viral disease of green monkeys; when transmitted to humans it causes serious or fatal illness
subtype: rabies__hydrophobia__madness an acute viral disease of the nervous system of warm-blooded animals (usually transmitted by the bite of a rabid animal); rabies is fatal if the virus reaches the brain
subtype: swamp_fever__swampfever__leptospirosis__leptospirosi an infectious disease cause by leptospira and transmitted to humans from domestic animals; characterized by jaundice and fever
subtype: canicola_fever an acute feverish disease in people and in dogs marked by gastroenteritis and mild jaundice
subtype: Weil's_disease a severe form of leptospirosis in human beings
subtype: tularemia__tularaemia__rabbit_fever__deer_fly_fever__yatobyo disease of rodents (especially rabbits and squirrels) and sometimes transmitted to humans by ticks or flies or by handling infected animals
subtype: plant_disease__plantdisease a disease that affects plants
subtype: blight any plant disease resulting in withering without rotting
subtype: alder_blight__alderblight a disease of alders caused by the woolly alder aphid (a plant louse)
subtype: apple_blight__appleblight__apple_canker__applecanker a disease of apple trees
subtype: beet_blight a disease of beet plants
subtype: blister_blight__blisterblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: blister_blight.blight__blisterblight a disease of Scotch pines
subtype: cane_blight a disease affecting the canes of various bush fruits (e.g., raspberries or currants)
subtype: chestnut_blight__chestnut_canker__chestnut-bark_disease a disease of American chestnut trees
subtype: coffee_blight a blight affecting the coffee plant
subtype: collar_blight a disease affecting the trunks of pear and apple trees
subtype: halo_spot__halo_blight__bean_blight a blight of bean plants
subtype: halo_blight a blight affecting the leaves of oats and other grasses
subtype: head_blight a blight of the heads of cereals
subtype: wheat_scab__wheatscab a disease of the heads of wheat plants
subtype: late_blight blight in which symptoms appear late in the growing season especially a disease of solanaceous plants caused by the fungus Phytophthora infestans
subtype: celery_blight a fungous leaf spot disease of the celery plant
subtype: leaf_blight any blight causing a browning and falling of the leaves of a plant
subtype: fire_blight__pear_blight a disease blackening the leaves of pear and apple trees
subtype: blight_canker a phase of fire blight in which cankers appear
subtype: needle_blight__needle_cast__leaf_cast a disease of conifers causing the needles to fall
subtype: peach_blight__peachblight a disease of trees bearing drupes
subtype: potato_blight__potato_mold__potato_disease__potato_mildew__potato_murrain a blight of potatoes
subtype: rim_blight__rimblight a disease of tea plants
subtype: spinach_blight__spinachblight a disease of spinach plants
subtype: spur_blight a disease of raspberries
subtype: stem_blight a fungous blight attacking the stems of plants
subtype: stripe_blight a disease of oats
subtype: thread_blight a disease of tropical woody plants(cocoa or tea or citrus)
subtype: tomato_blight__tomato_yellows a disease of tomato plants
subtype: twig_blight a disease of the ends of twigs of woody plants
subtype: walnut_blight a disease of English walnut trees
subtype: rust a reddish-brown discoloration of leaves and stems caused by a rust fungus
subtype: white_pine_blister_rust__whitepineblisterrust__blister_rust__blisterrust__white-pine_rust__whitepinerust any of several diseases of pines caused by rust fungi of the genus Cronartium and marked by destructive invasion of bark and sapwood and producing blisters externally
subtype: blackheart any of various diseases in which the central tissues blacken
subtype: black_knot__blackknot disease of plum and cherry trees characterized by black excrescences on the branches
subtype: black_rot__blackrot a fungous disease causing darkening and decay of the leaves of fruits and vegetables
subtype: black_spot__blackspot any of several fungous diseases of plants that produce small black spots on the plant
subtype: bottom_rot fungous disease of lettuce that first rots lower leaves and spreads upward
subtype: brown_rot__brownrot any of certain fungous diseases of plants characterized by browning and decay of tissues
subtype: brown_rot_gummosis__gummosis disease of citrus trees caused by the fungus Phytophthora citrophthora
subtype: ring_rot__ring_disease__tobacco_wilt__tobaccowilt disease of tomatoes and potatoes and tobacco etc caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum
subtype: gummosis pathological production of gummy exudates in citrus and various stone-fruit trees
subtype: cotton_ball a fungus disease of cranberries
subtype: crown_gall__crowngall a bacterial disease of plants (especially pome and stone fruits and grapes and roses) which forms excrescences on the stem near the ground
subtype: hairy_root__hairyroot a phase of crown gall (especially in apples) during which there is abnormal development of fine fibrous roots
subtype: crown_wart__crownwart a fungous disease of alfalfa which forms white excrescences at the base of the stem
subtype: damping_off__dampingoff a plant disease caused by a fungus; diseased condition of seedlings in excessive moisture
subtype: dieback a disease of plants characterized by the gradual dying of the young shoots starting at the tips and progressing to the larger branches
subtype: dry_rot.plant_disease__dryrot a crumbling and drying of timber or bulbs or potatoes or fruit caused by a fungus
subtype: heartrot any plant disease in which the central part of a plant rots (especially in trees)
subtype: mosaic.plant_disease viral disease in solanaceous plants (tomatoes; potatoes; tobacco) resulting in mottling and often shriveling of the leaves
subtype: potato_mosaic a disease of the leaves of potato plants
subtype: tobacco_mosaic__tobaccomosaic a plant disease causing discoloration of the leaves of tobacco plants
subtype: rhizoctinia_disease__rhizoctiniadisease disease caused by rhizoctinia or fungi of Pellicularia and Corticium
subtype: little_potato__rosette__russet_scab__stem_canker rhizoctinia disease of potatoes
subtype: pink_disease serious bark disease of many tropical crop trees (coffee; citrus; rubber); branches have a covering of pink hyphae
subtype: potato_wart fungous disease causing dark warty spongy excrescences in the eyes of potato tubers
subtype: root_rot disease characterized by root decay; caused by various fungi
subtype: sweet-potato_ring_rot disease of sweet potatoes in which roots are girdled by rings of dry rot
subtype: sclerotium_disease__sclerotium_rot plant disease cause by fungi of the genus Sclerotium; also one in which sclerotia are formed
subtype: Dutch_elm_disease disease of elms caused by a fungus
subtype: ergot a plant disease caused by the ergot fungus
subtype: foot_rot.plant_disease__footrot plant disease in which the stem or trunk rots at the base
subtype: pinkroot a fungal disease of onions
subtype: wilt_disease__wilt any plant disease characterized by drooping and shriveling; usually caused by parasites attacking the roots
subtype: granville_wilt__granvillewilt a bacterial wilt of tobacco plants
subtype: fusarium_wilt caused by fungi of the genus Fusarium
subtype: verticilliosis caused by soil-borne fungi of the genus Verticillium
subtype: smut destructive diseases of plants (especially cereal grasses) caused by fungi that produce black powdery masses of spores
subtype: loose_smut.smut__loosesmut disease of grains; the entire head is a dusty mass of spores
subtype: stinking_smut__bunt disease of wheat characterized by replacement of the grains with greasy masses of smelly smut spores
subtype: flag_smut smut affecting leaves and stems of cereals and other grasses
subtype: green_smut__greensmut__false_smut__falsesmut disease of rice; grains covered by a green powder consisting of conidia
subtype: soft_rot mushy or slimy decay of plants caused by bacteria or fungi
subtype: leak.soft_rot soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables caused by fungi
subtype: yellow_dwarf any of several virus diseases of plants characterized by stunting and yellowing of the leaves
subtype: yellow_dwarf_of_potato__potato_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of potato plants
subtype: onion_yellow_dwarf the yellow dwarf disease of onion plants
subtype: yellow_spot any of several fungous or viral diseases characterized by yellow spotting on the leaves
subtype: tomato_streak disease of a wide range of plants (tomatoes; potatoes; peas) resulting from a mixed infection of potato and tomato mosaic
subtype: ozena__ozaena a chronic disease of the nose characterized by a foul-smelling nasal discharge and atrophy of nasal structures
subtype: filariasis a disease caused by nematodes in the blood or tissues of the body causing blockage of lymphatic vessels
subtype: hypermotility excessive movement; especially excessive motility of the gastrointestinal tract
subtype: indisposition a slight illness
subtype: ozone_sickness illness that can occur to persons exposed to ozone in high-altitude aircraft; characterized by sleepiness and headache and chest pains and itchiness
subtype: toxemia_of_pregnancy__toxaemia_of_pregnancy__toxemia__toxaemia an abnormal condition of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and edema and protein in the urine
subtype: eclampsia a toxic condition characterized by convulsions and possibly coma during or immediately after pregnancy
subtype: preeclampsia__pre-eclampsia__preeclampsia abnormal state of pregnancy characterized by hypertension and fluid retention and albuminuria; can lead to eclampsia if untreated
subtype: growth.illness (pathology) an abnormal proliferation of tissue (as in a tumor)
subtype: exostosis__exostosi a benign outgrowth from a bone (usually covered with cartilage)
subtype: polypus__polyp a small vascular growth on the surface of a mucous membrane
subtype: adenomatous_polyp__adenomatouspolyp a polyp that consists of benign neoplastic tissue derived from glandular epithelium; "adenomatous polyps are visible protrusions that can develop on the mucosal surface of the colon or rectum"
subtype: sessile_polyp__sessilepolyp a relatively flat polyp
subtype: pedunculated_polyp a polyp with a stalk or peduncle
subtype: peduncle.growth the thin process of tissue that attaches a polyp to the body
subtype: tumor__tumour__neoplasm an abnormal new mass of tissue that serves no purpose
subtype: acanthoma__skin_tumor a neoplasm originating in the epidermis
subtype: keratoacanthoma skin tumor that grows rapidly (especially in older people) and resembles a carcinoma but does not spread; it usually disappears spontaneously, often leaving a scar
subtype: adenoma a benign epithelial tumor of glandular origin
subtype: fibroadenoma benign and movable and firm and not tender tumor of the breast; common in young women and caused by high levels of estrogen
subtype: angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: hemangioma__haemangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels; some appear as birthmarks
subtype: strawberry_hemangioma__strawberry_haemangioma a congenital bright red superficial vascular tumor resembling a strawberry; tends to decrease in size during childhood
subtype: lymphangioma benign angioma consisting of a mass of lymphatic vessels
subtype: spider_angioma__spider_nevus__vascular_spider a dilation of superficial capillaries with a central red dot from which blood vessels radiate
subtype: benign_tumor__benign_tumour__nonmalignant_tumor__nonmalignant_tumout__nonmalignant_neoplasm a tumor that is not cancerous
subtype: chondroma a common benign tumor of cartilage cells
subtype: myxoma a benign tumor of connective tissue containing jellylike material
subtype: osteoblastoma benign tumor of bone and fibrous tissue; occurs in the vertebrae or femur or tibia or arm bones (especially in young adults)
subtype: osteochondroma benign tumor containing both bone and cartilage; usually occurs near the end of a long bone
subtype: blastoma__blastocytoma__embryonal_carcinosarcoma__embryonalcarcinosarcoma a tumor composed of immature undifferentiated cells
subtype: brain_tumor__braintumor__brain_tumour__braintumour a tumor in the brain
subtype: glioblastoma__spongioblastoma a fast-growing malignant brain tumor composed of spongioblasts; nearly always fatal
subtype: glioma a tumor of the brain consisting of neuroglia
subtype: carcinoid a small tumor (benign or malignant) arising from the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract; usually associated with excessive secretion of serotonin
subtype: celioma an abdominal tumor
subtype: enchondroma benign slow-growing tumor of cartilaginous cells at the ends of tubular bones (especially in the hands and feet)
subtype: fibroma nonmalignant tumor of connective tissue
subtype: fibroid_tumor__fibroidtumor benign tumor containing fibrous tissue (especially in the uterus)
subtype: granuloma a tumor composed of granulation tissue resulting from injury or inflammation or infection
subtype: gumma a small rubbery granuloma that is characteristic of an advanced stage of syphilis
subtype: lipoma__adipose_tumor__adiposetumor a tumor consisting of fatty tissue
subtype: malignant_tumor__malignanttumor__malignant_neoplasm__malignantneoplasm__metastatic_tumor a tumor that is malignant and tends to spread to other parts of the body
subtype: meningioma a tumor arising in the meninges which surround the brain and spinal cord; usually slow growing and sometimes malignant
subtype: myeloma a tumor of the bone marrow (usually malignant) composed of cells normally found in bone marrow
subtype: multiple_myeloma myeloma that develops in several places at the same time
subtype: myoma a benign tumor composed of muscle tissue
subtype: leiomyoma benign tumor of smooth muscle (usually in the uterus or digestive tract)
subtype: rhabdomyoma benign rumor of striated muscle
subtype: neurinoma tumor (usually benign) of the sheath surrounding a nerve
subtype: neuroblastoma malignant tumor containing embryonic nerve cells; usually metastasizes quickly
subtype: neuroepithelioma malignant tumor of the neuroepithelium
subtype: neurofibroma__neurilemoma tumor of the fibrous covering of a peripheral nerve
subtype: neuroma any tumor derived from cells of the nervous system
subtype: osteoma a tumor of bone tissue
subtype: papilloma__villoma__papillary_tumor__papillarytumor__papillary_tumour__papillarytumour a benign epithelial tumor forming a rounded mass
subtype: pheochromocytoma__phaeochromocytoma a vascular tumor of the adrenal gland; hypersecretion of epinephrine results in intermittent or sustained hypertension
subtype: pinealoma tumor of the pineal gland
subtype: plasmacytoma neoplasm of plasma cells (usually in bone marrow)
subtype: psammoma__sand_tumor a tumor derived from fibrous tissue of the meninges or choroid plexus or certain other structures associated with the brain; characterized by sand-like particles
subtype: teratoma a tumor consisting of a mixture of tissues not normally found at that site
subtype: hamartoma a focal growth that resembles a neoplasm but results from faulty development in an organ
subtype: invalidism chronic ill health
subtype: biliousness gastric distress caused by a disorder of the liver or gall bladder
subtype: infection invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms causing inflammation
subtype: enterobiasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
subtype: felon__whitlow a purulent infection at the end of a finger or toe in the area surrounding the nail
subtype: focal_infection__focalinfection bacterial infection limited to a specific organ or region especially one causing symptoms elsewhere
subtype: fungal_infection__mycosis__mycosi an inflammatory condition caused by a fungus
subtype: blastomycosis__blastomycosi any of several infections of the skin or mucous membrane caused by Blastomyces
subtype: chromoblastomycosis__chromoblastomycosi a fungal infection characterized by itchy warty nodules on the skin
subtype: tinea__ringworm__roundworm infections of the skin or nails caused by fungi and appearing as itching circular patches
subtype: dhobi_itch__dhobiitch fungal infection attacking moist parts of the body
subtype: kerion ringworm infection of the hair follicles of the scalp and beard that is usually results in a pustule-covered swelling that oozes fluid
subtype: tinea_pedis__tineapedi__athlete's_foot__athlete'sfoot fungal infection of the feet
subtype: tinea_barbae__tineabarbae__barber's_itch fungal infection of the face and neck
subtype: tinea_capitis__tineacapiti fungal infection of the scalp characterized by bald patches
subtype: tinea_corporis fungal infection of nonhairy parts of the skin
subtype: tinea_cruris__jock_itch__eczema_marginatum fungal infection of the groin (most common in men)
subtype: tinea_unguium__tineaunguium fungal infection of the nails (especially toenails)
subtype: coccidioidomycosis__coccidiomycosis__valley_fever__desert_rheumatism an infection of the lungs and skin characterized by excessive sputum and nodules
subtype: cryptococcosis a fungal infection characterized by nodular lesions--first in the lungs and spreading to the nervous system
subtype: candidiasis__candidiasi__moniliasis__monilia_disease__moniliadisease an infection caused by fungi of the genus Monilia or Candida (especially Candida albicans)
subtype: thrush.candidiasis candidiasis of the oral cavity; seen mostly in infants or debilitated adults
subtype: dermatomycosis__dermatophytosis__dermatophytosi fungal infection of the skin (especially of moist parts covered by clothing)
subtype: favus__favu a contagious fungal infection of the scalp; occurs mainly in Africa and the Middle East
subtype: keratomycosis__keratomycosi fungal infection of the cornea
subtype: phycomycosis any fungal infection caused by fungi of the Phycomycetes group
subtype: sporotrichosis a chronic fungal infection of the skin and lymph nodes
subtype: rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: opportunistic_infection__opportunisticinfection any infection caused by a microorganism that does not normally cause disease in humans; occurs in persons with abnormally functioning immune systems (as AIDS patients or transplant patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs)
subtype: aspergillosis.opportunistic_infection__aspergillosi an opportunistic infection by a fungus of the genus Aspergillus; characterized by inflammation and lesions of the ear and other organs
subtype: paronychia infection in the tissues adjacent to a nail on a finger or toe
subtype: protozoal_infection__protozoalinfection any infection caused by a protozoan
subtype: malaria an infective disease caused by sporozoan parasites that are transmitted through the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito; marked by paroxysms of chills and fever
subtype: blackwater_fever severe and often fatal malaria characterized by kidney damage resulting in dark urine
subtype: jungle_fever severe form of malaria occurring in tropical regions
subtype: amebiasis__amebiasi__amoebiasis__amebiosis__amebiosi__amoebiosis infection by a disease-causing ameba
subtype: amebic_dysentery__amoebic_dysentery__amoebicdysentery inflammation of the intestines caused by Endamoeba histolytica; usually acquired by ingesting food or water contaminated with feces; characterized by severe diarrhea
subtype: giardiasis infection of the intestines with protozoa found in contaminated food and water; characterized by diarrhea and nausea and flatulence and abdominal discomfort
subtype: leishmaniasis__leishmaniasi__leishmaniosis__leishmaniosi sores resulting from a tropical infection by protozoa of the genus Leishmania
subtype: visceral_leishmaniasis__kala-azar__Assam_fever__dumdum_fever leishmaniasis of the viscera
subtype: cutaneous_leishmaniasis__Old_World_leishmaniasis__oriental_sore__tropical_sore__Delhi_boil__Aleppo_boil leishmaniasis of the skin; characterized by ulcerative skin lesions
subtype: mucocutaneous_leishmaniasis__mucocutaneousleishmaniasi__New_World_leishmaniasis__newworldleishmaniasi__American_leishmaniasis__leishmaniasis_americana__leishmaniasisamericana__nasopharyngeal_leishmaniasis a form of leishmaniasis endemic in Mexico and Central American and South America; sores are limited to the skin and mucosa
subtype: trichomoniasis infection of the vagina
subtype: respiratory_tract_infection__respiratorytractinfection__respiratory_infection__respiratoryinfection any infection of the respiratory tract
subtype: lower_respiratory_infection__lowerrespiratoryinfection infection of the lower respiratory tract
subtype: upper_respiratory_infection__upperrespiratoryinfection infection of the upper respiratory tract
subtype: scabies__itch a contagious skin infection caused by the itch mite; characterized by persistent itching and skin irritation; "he has a bad case of the itch"
subtype: schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
subtype: sepsis the presence of pus-forming bacteria or their toxins in the blood or tissues
subtype: blood_poisoning__bloodpoisoning__septicemia__septicaemia invasion of the bloodstream by virulent microorganisms from a focus of infection
subtype: sapremia__sapraemia blood poisoning caused by putrefactive bacteria; results from eating putrified matter
subtype: sore an open skin infection
subtype: blain an inflammatory swelling or sore
subtype: chilblain__chilblains__pernio inflammation of the hands and feet caused by exposure to cold and moisture
subtype: kibe ulcerated chilblain on the heel
subtype: chancre a small hard painless nodule at the site of entry of a pathogen (as syphilis)
subtype: fester__suppurating_sore__suppuratingsore a sore that has become inflamed and formed pus
subtype: gall.sore a skin sore caused by chafing
subtype: saddle_sore sore on a horseback rider chafed by a saddle
subtype: staphylococcal_infection an infection with Staphylococcus bacteria; usually marked by abscess formation
subtype: furuncle__boil a painful sore with a hard pus-filled core
subtype: gumboil a boil or abscess on the gums
subtype: carbuncle an infection larger than a boil and with several openings for discharge of pus
subtype: streptococcal_sore_throat__strep_throat__strepthroat__streptococcustonsiliti__septic_sore_throat__throat_infection an infection of the oral pharynx and tonsils by streptococcus
subtype: sty__stye__hordeolum__eye_infection__eyeinfection an infection of the sebaceous gland of the eyelid
subtype: superinfection infection that occurs while you are being treated for another infection
subtype: suprainfection secondary infection caused by an opportunistic infection
subtype: tapeworm_infection intestinal infection by a species of parasitic tapeworm; usually the result of eating inadequately cooked meat or fish
subtype: lockjaw__tetanus__tetanu an acute and serious infection of the central nervous system caused by bacterial infection of open wounds; spasms of the jaw and laryngeal muscles may occur during the late stages
subtype: toxoplasmosis__toxoplasmosi infection caused by parasites transmitted to humans from infected cats; if contracted by a pregnant woman it can result in serious damage to the fetus
subtype: viral_infection__viralinfection__virus_infection__virusinfection infection by a virus that is pathogenic to humans
subtype: hemorrhagic_fever__hemorrhagicfever__haemorrhagic_fever a viral infection (usually restricted to a specific geographic area); fever and gastrointestinal symptoms are followed by capillary hemorrhage
subtype: herpangia a viral infection (usually in children) marked by sore throat and fever and papules in the mouth and throat and headache and abdominal pain; usually subsides in a short time
subtype: Rift_Valley_fever a viral infection common in Africa; transmitted by mosquitoes or by handling infected animals
subtype: viral_pneumonia__viralpneumonia pneumonia caused by a virus
subtype: heatstroke__heat_hyperpyrexia collapse caused by exposure to excessive heat
subtype: heat_exhaustion__heat_prostration__prostration a condition marked by dizziness and nausea and weakness caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes
subtype: sunstroke__insolation__thermic_fever__thermicfever__siriasis sudden prostration due to exposure to the sun or excessive heat
subtype: pathology any deviation from a healthy or normal condition
subtype: acidosis abnormally high acidity (excess hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: ketoacidosis__diabetic_acidosis acidosis with an accumulation of ketone bodies; occurs primarily in diabetes mellitus
subtype: metabolic_acidosis acidosis and bicarbonate concentration in the body fluids resulting either from the accumulation of acids or the abnormal loss of bases from the body (as in diarrhea or renal disease)
subtype: respiratory_acidosis__carbon_dioxide_acidosis acidosis resulting from reduced gas exchange in the lungs (as in emphysema or pneumonia); excess carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid which increases the acidity of the blood
subtype: starvation_acidosis acidosis in which the acidity results from lack of food which leads to fat catabolism which in turn releases acidic ketone bodies
subtype: alkalosis__alkalosi abnormally high alkalinity (low hydrogen-ion concentration) of the blood and other body tissues
subtype: metabolic_alkalosis__metabolicalkalosi alkalosis resulting from hydrogen-ion loss or excessive intake of alkaline substances
subtype: respiratory_alkalosis__respiratoryalkalosi alkalosis resulting from increased gas exchange in the lungs (as in hyperventilation associated with extreme anxiety or aspirin intoxication or metabolic acidosis)
subtype: ankylosis__ankylosi__anchylosis abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of a joint
subtype: arteriectasis__arteriectasi__arteriectasia an abnormal distension of an artery
subtype: asynergy__asynergia absence of coordination of organs or body parts that usually work together harmoniously
subtype: asystole__cardiac_arrest__cardiacarrest__cardiopulmonary_arrest__cardiopulmonaryarrest absence of systole; failure of the ventricles of the heart to contract (usually caused by ventricular fibrillation) with consequent absence of the heart beat leading to oxygen lack and eventually to death
subtype: diverticulosis presence of diverticula in the walls of the colon
subtype: flux.pathology excessive discharge of liquid from a cavity or organ (as in watery diarrhea)
subtype: fluorosis__fluorosi a pathological condition resulting for an excessive intake of fluorine (usually from drinking water)
subtype: gammopathy a disturbance in the synthesis of immunoglobulins; proteins having antibody activity increase greatly in the blood
subtype: glossolalia repetitive nonsense speech
subtype: angiopathy any disease of the blood vessels or lymph ducts
subtype: angioma a tumor consisting of a mass of blood or lymphatic vessels
subtype: angiitis inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
subtype: idiopathic_disease__idiopathy any disease of unknown cause
subtype: aphagia loss of the ability to swallow
subtype: stenosis__stricture abnormal narrowing of a bodily canal or passageway
subtype: aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: enterostenosis abnormal narrowing of the intestine
subtype: Laryngostenosis abnormal narrowing of the larynx
subtype: pulmonary_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the opening into the pulmonary artery from the right ventricle
subtype: pyloric_stenosis narrowing of the pyloric sphincter that blocks the passage of food from the stomach into the duodenum
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: ureterostenosis__ureterostenosi stenosis of the ureter
subtype: atherogenesis__atherogenesi the formation of atheromas on the walls of the arteries as in atherosclerosis
subtype: ascites__ascite accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity
subtype: azymia absence of an enzyme
subtype: bacteremia__bacteriemia__bacteriaemia transient presence of bacteria (or other microorganisms) in the blood
subtype: sclerosis__sclerosi__induration any pathological hardening or thickening of tissue
subtype: disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: amyotrophic_lateral_sclerosis__amyotrophiclateralsclerosi__ALS__Lou_Gehrig's_disease thickening of tissue in the motor tracts of the lateral columns and anterior horns of the spinal cord; results in progressive muscle atrophy that starts in the limbs
subtype: arteriolosclerosis sclerosis of the arterioles
subtype: arteriosclerosis__arterial_sclerosis__hardening_of_the_arteries__induration_of_the_arteries__coronary-artery_disease sclerosis of the arterial walls
subtype: atherosclerosis__atherosclerosi__coronary_artery_disease a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
subtype: arteriosclerosis_obliterans a stage of arteriosclerosis involving closure of blood vessels
subtype: osteosclerosis abnormal hardening or eburnation of bone
subtype: lipomatosis__lipomatosi pathology in which fat accumulates in lipomas in the body
subtype: lithiasis__lithiasi the formation of stones (calculi) in an internal organ
subtype: cholelithiasis the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder
subtype: enterolithiasis__enterolithiasi the presence of calculi in the intestines
subtype: nephrolithiasis__renal_lithiasis the presence of kidney stones (calculi) in the kidney
subtype: nephrocalcinosis renal lithiasis in which calcium deposits form in the renal parenchyma and result in reduced kidney function and blood in the urine
subtype: cartilaginification abnormal formation of cartilage from other tissues; observed in some Orientals
subtype: cyst a closed sac that develops abnormally in some body structure
subtype: dermoid_cyst__dermoidcyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) with an epithelium-lined wall and a cavity containing other material
subtype: galactocele a cystic tumor containing milk or a milky substance (especially in the mammary glands)
subtype: hemorrhagic_cyst__hemorrhagiccyst__blood_cyst__bloodcyst__hematocyst a cyst containing blood
subtype: cephalhematoma__cephalohematoma a collection of blood under the scalp of a newborn; caused by pressure during birth
subtype: hydatid cyst filled with liquid; forms as a result of infestation by tapeworm larvae (as in echinococcosis)
subtype: nabothian_cyst__nabothiancyst__nabothian_follicle__nabothianfollicle a cyst that forms in the nabothian glands of the uterine cervix
subtype: ovarian_cyst__ovariancyst a cystic tumor (usually benign) of the ovary
subtype: ranula a cyst on the underside of the tongue
subtype: sebaceous_cyst__sebaceouscyst__pilar_cyst__pilarcyst__wen__steatocystoma a common cyst of the skin; filled with fatty matter (sebum) that is secreted by a sebaceous gland that has been blocked
subtype: chalazion__Meibomian_cyst a small sebaceous cyst of the eyelid resulting when a Meibomian gland is blocked
subtype: endometriosis__endometriosi__adenomyosis__adenomyosi the presence of endometrium elsewhere than in the lining of the uterus; causes premenstrual pain and dysmenorrhea
subtype: adhesion abnormal union of bodily tissues; most common in the abdomen
subtype: symphysis.adhesion__symphysi an abnormal adhesion of two or more structures
subtype: synechia adhesions between the iris and the lens or cornea resulting from trauma or eye surgery of as a complication of glaucoma or cataract; can lead to blindness
subtype: anterior_synechia adhesion between the iris and the cornea
subtype: posterior_synechia__posteriorsynechia adhesion between the iris and the lens
subtype: hemochromatosis__hemochromatosi__iron-storage_disease__iron_overload__bronzed_diabetes pathology in which iron accumulates in the tissues; characterized by bronzed skin and enlarged liver and diabetes mellitus and abnormalities of the pancreas and the joints
subtype: classic_hemochromatosis__classichemochromatosi__idiopathichemochromatosi inherited form of hemochromatosis
subtype: acquired_hemochromatosis hemochromatosis resulting from repeated transfusions or from excessive intake of foods containing iron
subtype: infarct__infarction localized necrosis resulting from obstruction of the blood supply
subtype: myocardial_infarction__myocardial_infarct__MI destruction of heart tissue resulting from obstruction of the blood supply to the heart muscle
subtype: macrocytosis the presence of macrocytes in the blood
subtype: fibrosis development of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ
subtype: cystic_fibrosis__fibrocystic_disease_of_the_pancreas__pancreatic_fibrosis__mucoviscidosis a congenital disease in which the pancreas and lungs and intestines become clogged with mucus
subtype: myelofibrosis__myelofibrosi fibrosis of the bone marrow
subtype: malacia a state of abnormal softening of tissue
subtype: osteomalacia abnormal softening of bones caused by deficiencies of phosphorus or calcium or vitamin D
subtype: neuropathy any pathology of the peripheral nerves
subtype: mononeuropathy any neuropathy of a single nerve trunk
subtype: multiple_mononeuropathy pathology of several individual nerve trunks
subtype: myopathy any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction
subtype: osteoporosis abnormal loss of bony tissue resulting in fragile porous bones attributable to a lack of calcium; most common in postmenopausal women
subtype: priapism condition in which the penis is continually erect; usually painful and seldom with sexual arousal
subtype: demineralization__demineralisation abnormal loss of mineral salts (especially from bone)
subtype: pyorrhea__pyorrhoea discharge of pus
subtype: uremia__uraemia__azotemia__azotaemia accumulation in the blood of nitrogen-bearing waste products (urea) that are usually excreted in the urine
subtype: azoturia excess of urea in the urine
subtype: lesion any visible abnormal structural change in a bodily part
subtype: tubercle a swelling that is the characteristic lesion of tuberculosis
subtype: ulcer__ulceration a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue
subtype: aphthous_ulcer a blister on the mucous membranes of the lips or mouth or gastrointestinal tract
subtype: bedsore__pressure_sore__decubitus_ulcer__decubitusulcer a chronic ulcer of the skin caused by prolonged pressure on it (as in bedridden patients)
subtype: chancroid infectious venereal ulcer
subtype: peptic_ulcer__peptic_ulceration an ulcer of the mucous membrane lining of the alimentary tract
subtype: duodenal_ulcer a peptic ulcer of the duodenum
subtype: gastric_ulcer__gastriculcer a peptic ulcer of the stomach
subtype: canker an ulceration (especially of the lips or living of the mouth)
subtype: noli-me-tangere a cancerous ulcer of soft tissue and bone
subtype: noma acute ulceration of the mucous membranes of the mouth or genitals; often seen in undernourished children
subtype: gangrene__sphacelus__slough necrotic tissue; a mortified or gangrenous part or mass
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia abnormally high amounts of bile pigment (bilirubin) in the blood
subtype: hyperbilirubinemia_of_the_newborn__neonatal_hyperbilirubinemia a common disorder that is usually due to immaturity of the liver; usually subsides spontaneously
subtype: palilalia a pathological condition in which a word is rapidly and involuntarily repeated
subtype: reflux an abnormal backward flow of body fluids
subtype: gastroesophageal_reflux__esophageal_reflux__oesophageal_reflux__oesophagealreflux reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus
subtype: hepatojugular_reflux__hepatojugularreflux a venous reflux occurring in congestive heart failure
subtype: ureterorenal_reflux a backflow of urine from the ureter into the renal pelvis
subtype: vesicoureteral_reflux a backflow of urine from the bladder into the ureter
subtype: otorrhea discharge from the external ear
subtype: rhinopathy any disease or malformation of the nose
subtype: rhinostenosis__rhinostenosi narrowing of the passages in the nasal cavities
subtype: rhinophyma__hypertrophic_rosacea__toper's_nose__toper'snose__brandy_nose__rum_nose__rumnose__rum-blossom__rumblossom__potato_nose__hammer_nose__copper_nose enlargement of the nose with dilation of follicles and redness and prominent vascularity of the skin; often associated with excessive consumption of alcohol
subtype: rhinosporidiosis fungal infection of the nose; often acquired while swimming
subtype: hydronephrosis accumulation of urine in the kidney because of an obstruction in the ureter
subtype: atelectasis collapse of an expanded lung (especially in infants); also failure of pulmonary alveoli to expand at birth
subtype: anoxemia abnormally low oxygen content in arterial blood
subtype: coprolalia an uncontrollable use of obscene language; often accompanied by mental disorders
subtype: autoimmunity production of antibodies against the tissues of your own body; produces autoimmune disease or hypersensitivity reactions
subtype: dysfunction (medical) any disturbance in the function of an organ or body part
subtype: erectile_dysfunction__male_erecticle_dysfunction__ED impotence resulting from a man's inability to have or maintain an erection of his penis
subtype: paralysis__paralysi__palsy loss of the ability to move a body part
subtype: akinesis__akinesia motionlessness attributable to a temporary paralysis
subtype: alalia paralysis of the vocal cords resulting in an inability to speak
subtype: cystoplegia__cystoparalysis paralysis of the urinary bladder
subtype: diplegia paralysis of corresponding parts on both sides of the body
subtype: Erb's_palsy__Erb-Duchenne_paralysis paralysis of the arm resulting from injury to the brachial plexus (usually during childbirth)
subtype: monoplegia paralysis of a single limb
subtype: ophthalmoplegia paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye
subtype: paresis__paresi a slight or partial paralysis
subtype: paraparesis__paraparesi a slight paralysis or weakness of both legs
subtype: paraplegia paralysis of the lower half of the body (most often as a result of trauma)
subtype: hemiplegia__unilateral_paralysis paralysis of one side of the body
subtype: quadriplegia paralysis of both arms and both legs
subtype: sarcoidosis__sarcoidosi a chronic disease of unknown cause marked by the formation of nodules in the lungs and liver and lymph glands and salivary glands
subtype: carotenemia excess carotene in the blood stream; can cause the skin to turn a pale yellow-red color
subtype: stasis.pathology an abnormal state in which the normal flow of a liquid (such as blood) is slowed or stopped
subtype: uropathy any pathology of the urinary tract
subtype: kidney_disease__renal_disorder__renaldisorder__nephropathy__nephrosis a disease affecting the kidneys
subtype: nephritis__Bright's_disease an inflammation of the kidney
subtype: glomerulonephritis nephritis marked by inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney; characterized by decreased production of urine and by the presence of blood and protein in the urine and by edema
subtype: nephrosclerosis__nephrosclerosi__nephroangiosclerosis kidney disease that is usually associated with hypertension; sclerosis of the renal arterioles reduces blood flow that can lead to kidney failure and heart failure
subtype: polycystic_kidney_disease__PKD kidney disease characterized by enlarged kidneys containing many cysts; often leads to kidney failure
subtype: polyuria renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes
subtype: renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: acute_renal_failure__acuterenalfailure__acute_kidney_failure renal failure associated with burns or other trauma or with acute infection or obstruction of the urinary tract
subtype: chronic_renal_failure__chronicrenalfailure__chronic_kidney_failure renal failure that can result from a variety of systemic disorders
subtype: renal_insufficiency__renalinsufficiency insufficient excretion of wastes by the kidneys
subtype: varicosis__varicosi pathological condition of being varicose or having varicose veins
subtype: viremia__viraemia the presence of a virus in the blood stream; "viremia spread the smallpox virus to the internal organs"
subtype: volvulus abnormal twisting of the intestines (usually in the are of the ileum or sigmoid colon) resulting in intestinal obstruction
subtype: affliction.ill_health a condition of suffering or distress due to ill health
subtype: deformity__malformation__misshapenness__misshapennes an affliction in which some part of the body is misshapen or malformed
subtype: Arnold-Chiari_deformity deformity in which part of the brain protrudes through the skull
subtype: clawfoot__pes_cavus__pescavu a deformity of the foot characterized by an abnormally high arch and hyperextension of the toes which gives the foot the appearance of a claw
subtype: cleft_foot__cleftfoot a deformity in which the space between the third and fourth toes extends up into the foot
subtype: clubfoot__talipes__talipe congenital deformity of the foot usually marked by a curled shape or twisted position of the ankle and heel and toes
subtype: talipes_valgus deformity of the foot in which the foot is twisted outward
subtype: talipes_equinus__talipesequinu talipes in which the toes are pointed downward
subtype: talipes_calcaneus__talipescalcaneu talipes in which the toes are pointed upward and the person walks on the heel of the foot
subtype: pigeon_breast__chicken_breast__chickenbreast abnormal protrusion of the breastbone caused by rickets
subtype: plagiocephaly congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
subtype: scaphocephaly congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
subtype: harm__injury__hurt__trauma any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.
subtype: bleeding__hemorrhage__haemorrhage flow of blood from a ruptured blood vessels
subtype: hemorrhagic_stroke__hemorrhagicstroke__haemorrhagic_stroke stroke caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain
subtype: cerebral_hemorrhage bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel in the brain
subtype: blood_extravasation__bloodextravasation the leakage of blood from a vessel into tissues surrounding it; can occur in injuries or burns or allergic reactions
subtype: hyphema bleeding into the interior chamber of the eye
subtype: metrorrhagia bleeding from the uterus that is not due to menstruation; usually indicative of disease (as cervical cancer)
subtype: nosebleed__epistaxis__epistaxi bleeding from the nose
subtype: ulemorrhagia bleeding of the gums
subtype: bruise__contusion an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration
subtype: ecchymosis.bruise the purple or black-and-blue area resulting from a bruise
subtype: petechia a minute red or purple spot on the surface of the skin as the result of tiny hemorrhages of blood vessels in the skin (as in typhoid fever)
subtype: black_eye__blackeye__shiner a bruise caused by a blow to the eye
subtype: bump a lump on the body caused by a blow
subtype: burn.harm an injury cause by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
subtype: electric_burn a burn caused by heat produced by an electric current
subtype: singe__scorch a surface burn
subtype: scald.burn a burn cause by hot liquid or steam
subtype: first-degree_burn burn causing redness of the skin surface
subtype: erythema_solare__sunburn redness of the skin caused by exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: second-degree_burn burn causing blisters on the skin and superficial destruction of the dermis
subtype: third-degree_burn burn characterized by destruction of both epidermis and dermis
subtype: dislocation a displacement of a part (especially a bone) from its normal position (as in the shoulder or the vertebral column)
subtype: abarticulation dislocation of a joint
subtype: diastasis separation of an epiphysis from the long bone to which it is normally attached without fracture of the bone
subtype: spondylolisthesis__spondylolisthesi a forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one beneath it producing pressure on spinal nerves
subtype: electric_shock.harm__electricshock trauma caused by the passage of electric current through the body (as from contact with high voltage lines or being struck by lightning); usually involves burns and abnormal heart rhythm and unconsciousness
subtype: fracture__break breaking of hard tissue such as bone; "it was a nasty fracture"; "the break seems to have been caused by a fall"
subtype: comminuted_fracture fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed
subtype: complete_fracture break involving the entire width of the bone
subtype: compound_fracture__open_fracture bone fracture associated with lacerated soft tissue or an open wound
subtype: compression_fracture__compressionfracture fracture in which the bone collapses (especially in short bones such as vertebrae)
subtype: depressed_fracture__depressedfracture fracture of the skull where the bone is pushed in
subtype: displaced_fracture__displacedfracture fracture in which the two ends of the broken bone are separated from one another
subtype: fatigue_fracture__fatiguefracture__stress_fracture fracture resulting from excessive activity rather than a specific injury
subtype: incomplete_fracture fracture that does not go across the entire width of the bone
subtype: greenstick_fracture a partial fracture of a bone (usually in children); the bone is bent but broken on only one side
subtype: impacted_fracture fracture in which one broken end is wedged into the other broken end
subtype: simple_fracture__closed_fracture an uncomplicated fracture in which the broken bones to not pierce the skin
subtype: frostbite__cryopathy destruction of tissue by freezing and characterized by tingling, blistering and possibly gangrene
subtype: trenchfoot__immersion_foot__immersionfoot resembling frostbite but without freezing; resulting from exposure to cold and wet
subtype: intravasation entry of foreign matter into a blood vessel
subtype: pinch an injury resulting from getting some body part squeezed
subtype: rupture.harm state of being torn or burst open
subtype: hernia__herniation rupture in smooth muscle tissue through which a bodily structure protrudes
subtype: colpocele__vaginocele hernia projecting into the vagina
subtype: cystocele__colpocystocele hernia in which the urinary bladder protrudes through the wall of the vagina; sometimes occurs after childbirth
subtype: rectocele__proctocele protrusion or herniation of the rectum into the vagina; can occur if pelvic muscles are weakened by childbirth
subtype: diverticulum a herniation through the muscular wall of a tubular organ (especially the colon)
subtype: Meckel's_diverticulum a congenital diverticulum in the ileum resulting from incomplete closure of the yolk sac
subtype: eventration protrusion of the intestine through the abdominal wall
subtype: exomphalos an umbilical hernia at birth in which some abdominal organs push into the umbilical cord
subtype: hiatus_hernia__hiatal_hernia__diaphragmatic_hernia__diaphragmatichernia hernia resulting from the protrusion of part of the stomach through the diaphragm
subtype: inguinal_hernia hernia in which a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal; the most common type of hernia in males
subtype: keratocele hernia of the cornea
subtype: laparocele hernia through the abdomen
subtype: umbilical_hernia__umbilicalhernia__omphalocele protrusion of the intestine and omentum through a hernia in the abdominal wall near the navel; usually self correcting after birth
subtype: herniated_disc__herniateddisc__ruptured_intervertebral_disc__slipped_disc__slippeddisc a painful rupture of the fibrocartilage of the disc between spinal vertebrae; occurs most often in the lumbar region
subtype: insect_bite__sting__bite a painful wound caused by the thrust of a stinger into skin
subtype: bee_sting__beesting a sting inflicted by a bee
subtype: flea_bite.insect_bite__fleabite sting inflicted by a flea
subtype: mosquito_bite a sting inflicted by a mosquito
subtype: strain.harm injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain
subtype: whiplash_injury__whiplash an injury to the neck (the cervical vertebrae) resulting from rapid acceleration or deceleration (as in an automobile accident)
subtype: wale__welt__weal__wheal a raised mark on the skin (as produced by the blow of a whip); characteristic of many allergic reactions
subtype: wound__lesion any break in the skin or an organ caused by violence or surgical incision
subtype: raw_wound__rawwound a wound that exposes subcutaneous tissue
subtype: stigmata marks resembling the wounds on the crucified body of Christ
subtype: scratch__scrape__excoriation an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off
subtype: graze a superficial abrasion
subtype: rope_burn abrasion (usually on the hands) caused by friction from a rope
subtype: cut.wound__gash__slash__slice a wound made by cutting; "he put a bandage over the cut"
subtype: laceration.wound a torn ragged wound
subtype: bite a wound resulting from biting
subtype: dog_bite__dogbite a bite inflicted by a dog
subtype: snakebite a bite inflicted by a (venomous) snake
subtype: wrench__twist__pull a sharp strain on muscles or ligaments; "the wrench to his knee occurred as he fell"; "he was sidelined with a hamstring pull"
subtype: sprain a painful injury to a joint caused by a sudden wrenching of its ligaments
subtype: poor_shape__unfitness__unfitnes__badcondition poor physical condition; being out of shape or out of condition
subtype: infirmity__frailty__debility__feebleness__frailness__frailnes the state of being weak in health or body (especially from old age)
subtype: asthenia__astheny an abnormal loss of strength
subtype: cachexia__cachexy__wasting any general reduction in vitality and strength of body and mind resulting from a debilitating chronic disease
subtype: disability__disablement__handicap__impairment the condition of being unable to perform as a consequence of physical or mental unfitness; "reading disability"; "hearing impairment"
subtype: bowleg__genu_varum__tibia_vara__tibiavara a leg bowed outward at the knee (or below the knee)
subtype: anorgasmia absence of an orgasm in sexual relations
subtype: disability_of_walking a disability that interferes with or prevents walking
subtype: abasia inability to walk
subtype: abasia_trepidans abasia due to trembling of the legs
subtype: atactic_abasia__atacticabasia__ataxic_abasia abasia due to ataxia of the legs
subtype: choreic_abasia__choreicabasia abasia related to abnormal movements of the legs
subtype: paralytic_abasia__paralyticabasia abasia related to paralysis of the leg muscles
subtype: paroxysmal_trepidant_abasia abasia related to spasticity of the legs
subtype: spastic_abasia__spasticabasia abasia due to spastic contractions of the leg muscles
subtype: lameness__limping__gimp__gimpiness__gimpines__gamenes__claudication disability of walking due to crippling of the legs or feet
subtype: intermittent_claudication lameness due to pain in leg muscles because the blood supply is inadequate; pain subsides with rest
subtype: astasia inability to stand due to muscular incoordination
subtype: amputation.disability a condition of disability resulting from the loss of one or more limbs
subtype: hearing_impairment__hearingimpairment__hearing_loss impairment of the sense of hearing
subtype: deafness partial or complete loss of hearing
subtype: tone_deafness an inability to distinguish differences in pitch
subtype: deaf-mutism__deaf-muteness congenital deafness that results in inability to speak
subtype: conductive_hearing_loss__conduction_deafness__middle-ear_deafness hearing loss due to problems with the bones of the middle ear
subtype: sensorineural_hearing_loss__nerve_deafness hearing loss due to failure of the auditory nerve
subtype: dysomia impairment of the sense of smell
subtype: anosmia absence of the sense of smell (as by damage to olfactory nasal tissue or the olfactory nerve or by obstruction of the nasal passages)
subtype: hyposmia lessened sensitivity to odors
subtype: visual_impairment__visual_defect__vision_defect__visual_disorder impairment of the sense of sight
subtype: amaurosis__amaurosi partial or total loss of sight without pathology of the eye; caused by disease of optic nerve or retina or brain
subtype: amblyopia visual impairment without apparent organic pathology
subtype: ametropia (ophthalmology) faulty refraction of light rays in the eye as in astigmatism or myopia
subtype: myopia__nearsightedness__nearsightednes__shortsightednes (ophthalmology) eyesight abnormality resulting from the eye's faulty refractive ability; distant objects appear blurred
subtype: astigmia__astigmatism (ophthalmology) impaired eyesight resulting usually from irregular conformation of the cornea
subtype: keratectasia abnormal bulging of the cornea of the eye
subtype: keratoconus__keratoconu abnormal cone-shaped protrusion of the cornea of the eye; can be treated by epikeratophakia
subtype: hyperopia__hypermetropia__hypermetropy__farsightedness__longsightedness__longsightednes abnormal condition in which vision for distant objects is better than for near objects
subtype: presbyopia farsightedness resulting from a reduced ability to focus caused by loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with age
subtype: aniseikonia visual defect in which the shape and size of an ocular image differ in the two eyes
subtype: anorthopia distorted vision in which straight lines appear curved
subtype: aphakia absence of the natural lens of the eye (usually resulting from the removal of cataracts)
subtype: blindness__blindnes__sightlessnes lack of sight
subtype: anopia sightlessness (especially because of a structural defect in or the absence of an eye)
subtype: snowblindness__snowblindnes temporary blindness caused by exposure to sunlight reflected from snow or ice
subtype: eyelessness__eyelessnes blindness due to loss of the eyes
subtype: figural_blindness__figuralblindnes inability to see shapes and contours
subtype: color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
subtype: dichromacy__dichromatism__dichromatopsia__dichromia__dichromasy a deficiency of color vision in which the person can match any given hue by mixing only two other wavelengths of light (as opposed to the three wavelengths needed by people with normal color vision)
subtype: red-green_dichromacy__redgreendichromacy__red-gree_color_blindness confusion of red and green
subtype: deuteranopia__Daltonism__green-blindness dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to green light resulting in an inability to distinguish green and purplish-red
subtype: protanopia__red-blindness__redblindnes dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to long wavelengths of light resulting in an inability to distinguish red and purplish blue
subtype: yellow-blue_dichromacy__yellow-blue_color_blindness confusion of yellow and blue
subtype: tetartanopia__yellow-blindness a form of dichromacy characterized by lowered sensitivity to yellow light; so rare that its existence has been questioned
subtype: tritanopia__blue-blindness rare form of dichromacy characterized by a lowered sensitivity to blue light resulting in an inability to distinguish blue and yellow
subtype: monochromacy__monochromatism__monochromatic_vision__monochromaticvision__monochromia__monochromasy complete color blindness; colors can be differentiated only on the basis of brightness
subtype: diplopia__double_vision visual impairment in which an object is seen as two objects; "diplopia often disappears when one eye is covered"
subtype: hemeralopia__dayblindnes inability to see clearly in bright light
subtype: hemianopia__hemianopsia blindness in one half of the visual field of one or both eyes
subtype: quadrantanopia blindness in one fourth of the visual field
subtype: metamorphopsia a defect of vision in which objects appear to be distorted; usually due to a defect in the retina
subtype: nyctalopia__night_blindness__nightblindnes__moon_blindness inability to see clearly in dim light; due to a deficiency of vitamin A or to a retinal disorder
subtype: photoretinitis damage to the retina resulting from exposure of the eye to the sun without adequate protection
subtype: retinal_detachment__retinaldetachment__detachment_of_the_retina__detached_retina visual impairment resulting from the retina becoming separated from the choroid in the back of the eye; treated by photocoagulation
subtype: tunnel_vision visual impairment involving a loss of peripheral vision
subtype: xanthopsia visual defect in which objects appear to have a yellowish hue; sometimes occurs in cases of jaundice
subtype: prolapse__prolapsus__prolapsu__descensus__descensu the slipping or falling out of place of an organ (as the uterus)
subtype: enteroptosis an abnormally downward position of the intestines in the abdominal cavity
subtype: glossoptosis abnormal downward or back placement of the tongue
subtype: metroptosis__descensus_uteri prolapse of the uterus
subtype: nephroptosis__nephroptosia prolapse of the kidney
subtype: ptosis drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle paralysis and weakness
subtype: ureterocele prolapse of the end of the ureter into the bladder; may obstruct urine flow
subtype: urethrocele prolapse of the urethra into the vagina
subtype: hypoesthesia__hypesthesia impairment of tactile sensitivity; decrease of sensitivity
subtype: knock-knee__knockknee__genu_valgum__tibia_valga__tibiavalga by inward slant of the thigh
subtype: pigeon_toes disability in which the toes are turned inward; often associated with knock-knee
subtype: bow_leg__bowleg__bow_legs__bandy_legs outward curvature of the legs
subtype: cellularity the state of having cells
subtype: hypercellularity the state of having abnormally many cells
subtype: hypocellularity the state of having abnormally few cells
subtype: dependence__addiction__dependency being abnormally dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming (especially alcohol or narcotic drugs)
subtype: drug_addiction__white_plague__whiteplague an addiction to a drug (especially a narcotic drug)
subtype: alcoholism__alcohol_addiction__alcoholaddiction__drunkenness__drunkennes prolonged and excessive intake of alcoholic drinks leading to a breakdown in health and an addiction to alcohol such that abrupt deprivation leads to severe withdrawal symptoms
subtype: cocaine_addiction__cocaineaddiction an addiction to cocaine
subtype: heroin_addiction an addiction to heroin
subtype: caffein_addiction__caffeinaddiction an addiction to caffein
subtype: nicotine_addiction an addiction to nicotine
subtype: suspended_animation__suspendedanimation a temporary cessation of vital functions with loss of consciousness resembling death; usually resulting from asphyxia
subtype: anabiosis__anabiosi suspended animation in organisms during periods of extreme drought from which they revive when moisture returns
subtype: cryptobiosis a state in which an animal's metabolic activities come to a reversible standstill
subtype: dilatation__distension the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions
subtype: ectasia__ectasis__ectasi dilatation or distension of a hollow organ
subtype: lymphangiectasia__lymphangiectasis dilatation of a lymph vessel
subtype: alveolar_ectasia abnormal enlargement of the air sacs in the lungs
subtype: varicocele dilatation of the veins associated with the spermatic cord in the testes
subtype: emmetropia (ophthalmology) the normal refractive condition of the eye in which there is clear focus of light on the retina
subtype: sedation a state of reduced excitement or anxiety that is induced by the administrative of a sedative agent
subtype: hyperpigmentation unusual darkening of the skin
subtype: suntan__tan__sunburn__burn a browning of the skin resulting from exposure to the rays of the sun
subtype: hypopigmentation unusual lack of skin color
subtype: albinism the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
subtype: amyxia a condition in which no mucus in produced
subtype: cold_sweat concurrent perspiration and chill; associated with fear
subtype: obstruction.physiological_state__blockage the state or condition of being obstructed
subtype: intestinal_obstruction__ileus__ileu blockage of the intestine (especially the ileum) that prevents the contents of the intestine from passing to the lower bowel
subtype: tamponade__tamponage blockage or closure (as of a wound or body cavity) by (or as if by) a tampon (especially to stop bleeding)
subtype: cardiac_tamponade__cardiactamponade mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion
subtype: toxic_condition__toxiccondition__poisoning the physiological state produced by a poison or a toxic substance
subtype: alkali_poisoning poisoning resulting from the ingestion of an alkali compound (as lye or ammonia)
subtype: caffeinism__caffiene_intoxication poisoning resulting from excessive intake of caffeine containing products
subtype: carbon_monoxide_poisoning a toxic condition that results from inhaling and absorbing carbon monoxide gas; "carbon monoxide combines with hemoglobin and displaces oxygen in the blood"
subtype: cyanide_poisoning__cyanidepoisoning poisoning due to ingesting or inhaling cyanide; common in smoke from fires and in industrial chemicals
subtype: ergotism poisoning by ingestion of ergot-infected grain products; characterized by thirst and diarrhea and nausea and craming and vomiting and abnormal cardiac rhythms; in severe cases it can cause seizures and gangrene of the limbs
subtype: mercury_poisoning__mercurypoisoning a toxic condition caused by ingesting or inhaling mercury; acute mercury poisoning causes a metallic taste and vomiting and diarrhea and kidney problems that may lead to death
subtype: Minamata_disease a form of mercury poisoning among people who ate fish from mercury-contaminated waters of Minamata Bay off Japan in the 1950s; characterized by severe neurological degeneration
subtype: naphthalene_poisoning__naphthalenepoisoning toxic condition resulting from inhaling or ingesting naphthalene
subtype: nicotine_poisoning toxic condition caused by the ingestion or inhalation of large amounts of nicotine
subtype: ophidism poisoning by snake venom
subtype: paraquat_poisoning poisoning caused by ingestion of paraquat; characterized by progressive damage to the esophagus and liver and kidneys
subtype: pesticide_poisoning toxic condition resulting from ingesting or inhaling a pesticide
subtype: malathion_poisoning__malathionpoisoning a toxic condition caused by inhaling or ingesting the insecticide Malathion
subtype: parathion_poisoning__parathionpoisoning a toxic condition resulting from inhalation or ingestion of the insecticide parathion; characterized by nausea and abdominal pains and headache and convulsions and sweating
subtype: salicylate_poisoning poisoning caused by the excessive ingestion of salicylates (usually aspirin)
subtype: analgesia absence of the sense of pain without loss of consciousness
subtype: oligospermia insufficient spermatozoa in the semen
subtype: disorder.state__upset condition in which there is a disturbance of normal functioning; "the doctor prescribed some medicine for the disorder"; "everyone gets stomach upsets from time to time"
subtype: immunological_disorder__immunologicaldisorder a disorder of the immune system
subtype: immunodeficiency immunological disorder in which some part of the body's immune system is inadequate and resistance to infectious diseases is reduced
subtype: AIDS__acquired_immune_deficiency_syndrome a serious (often fatal) disease of the immune system transmitted through blood products especially by sexual contact or contaminated needles
subtype: agammaglobulinemia a rare immunological disorder characterized by the virtual absence of gamma globulin in the blood and consequent susceptibility to infection
subtype: hypogammaglobulinemia an abnormally low concentration of gamma globulin in the blood and increased risk of infection
subtype: immunosuppression lowering the body's normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances; can be deliberate (as in lowering the immune response to prevent rejection of a transplanted organ) or incidental (as a side effect of radiotherapy or chemotherapy for cancer)
subtype: anergy.immunological_disorder reduction or lack of an immune response to a specific antigen
subtype: functional_disorder disorder showing symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified
subtype: organic_disorder__organicdisorder disorder caused by a detectable physiological or structural change in an organ
subtype: abocclusion the condition in which the upper teeth do not touch the lower teeth when biting
subtype: abruptio_placentae a disorder of pregnancy in which the placenta prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus
subtype: achlorhydria an abnormal deficiency or absence of free hydrochloric acid in the gastric juice; often associated with severe anemias and cancer of the stomach
subtype: acholia__cholestasi a condition in which little or no bile is secreted or the flow of bile into the digestive tract is obstructed
subtype: achylia_gastrica__achyliagastrica absence of gastric juices (partial or complete)
subtype: acute_brain_disorder__acutebraindisorder__acute_organic_brain_syndrome__acuteorganicbrainsyndrome any disorder (as sudden confusion or disorientation) in an otherwise normal person that is due to reversible (temporary) impairment of brain tissues (as by head injuries or drugs or infection)
subtype: ailment__complaint__ill an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining
subtype: pip a minor nonspecific ailment
subtype: motion_sickness__kinetosis__kinetosi the state of being dizzy or nauseated because of the motions that occur while traveling in or on a moving vehicle
subtype: airsickness__airsicknes__airsicknes motion sickness experienced while traveling by air (especially during turbulence)
subtype: car_sickness motion sickness experienced while traveling in an car
subtype: seasickness__seasicknes__maldemer__naupathia motion sickness experienced while traveling on water
subtype: eating_disorder a disorder of the normal eating routine
subtype: anorexia a prolonged disorder of eating due to loss of appetite
subtype: anorexia_nervosa (psychiatry) a psychological disorder characterized by somatic delusions that you are too fat despite being emaciated
subtype: bulimarexia__binge-purge_syndrome__bingepurgesyndrome__binge-vomit_syndrome__bingevomitsyndrome__bulima_nervosa a disorder of eating in which the person alternates between strong craving for food and aversion to food; characterized by excessive eating followed by periods of fasting or self-induced vomiting
subtype: binge-eating_syndrome__bulimia a disorder of eating seen among young women who go on eating binges and then feel guilt and depression and self-condemnation
subtype: bladder_disorder__bladderdisorder a disorder of the urinary bladder
subtype: flaccid_bladder__flaccidbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from interruption of the reflex arc normally associated with voiding urine; absence of bladder sensation and over-filling of the bladder and inability to urinate voluntarily
subtype: neurogenic_bladder a urinary bladder disorder caused by a lesion in the nervous system
subtype: spastic_bladder__spasticbladder a urinary bladder disorder resulting from spinal cord lesion or multiple sclerosis or trauma; absence of bladder sensation and incontinence and interrupted voiding of urine
subtype: cardiovascular_disease a disease of the heart or blood vessels
subtype: heart_disease__heartdisease__heart_condition__heartcondition__cardiopathy a disease of the heart
subtype: angina_pectoris__angina a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
subtype: cardiac_arrhythmia__cardiacarrhythmia__arrhythmia an abnormal rate of muscle contractions in the heart
subtype: flutter abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm); can result in heart block
subtype: gallop_rhythm__cantering_rhythm__canteringrhythm cardiac rhythm characterized by the presence of an extra sound; can indicate a heart abnormality
subtype: atrial_fibrillation fibrillation of the muscles of the atria of the heart
subtype: bradycardia abnormally slow heartbeat
subtype: heart_block__Adams-Stokes_syndrome__Stokes-Adams_syndrome__atrioventricular_block recurrent sudden attacks of unconsciousness caused by impaired conduction of the impulse that regulates the heartbeat
subtype: premature_ventricular_contraction__prematureventricularcontraction__pvc irregularity of cardiac rhythm; recurrent occurrences can be a precursor of ventricular fibrillation
subtype: tachycardia abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
subtype: ventricular_fibrillation__ventricularfibrillation fibrillation of heart muscles resulting in interference with rhythmic contractions of the ventricles and possibly leading to cardiac arrest
subtype: cardiomyopathy__myocardiopathy a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
subtype: hypertrophic_cardiomyopathy a disorder in which the heart muscle is so strong that it does not relax enough to fill with the heart with blood and so has reduced pumping ability
subtype: heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: congestive_heart_failure inability to pump enough blood to avoid congestion in the tissues
subtype: heart_attack__heartattack a sudden severe instance of abnormal heart function
subtype: valvular_heart_disease heart disease caused by stenosis of the cardiac valves and obstructed blood flow or caused by degeneration and blood regurgitation
subtype: aortic_stenosis abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve
subtype: mitral_valve_prolapse cardiopathy resulting from the mitral valve not regulating the flow of blood between the left atrium and left ventricle of the heart
subtype: mitral_stenosis__mitral_valve_stenosis obstruction or narrowing of the mitral valve (as by scarring from rheumatic fever)
subtype: rheumatic_heart_disease__rheumaticheartdisease heart disease caused by recurrent episodes of rheumatic fever; characterized by changes in the myocardium or scarring of the heart valves that reduce the power of the heart to pump blood
subtype: high_blood_pressure__hypertension a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
subtype: essential_hypertension__essentialhypertension__hyperpiesis persistent and pathological high blood pressure for which no specific cause can be found
subtype: malignant_hypertension__malignanthypertension severe hypertension that runs a rapid course and damages the inner linings of the blood vessels and the heart and spleen and kidneys and brain; "malignant hypertension is the most lethal form of hypertension"
subtype: portal_hypertension increase in blood pressure in the veins of the portal system caused by obstruction in the liver (often associated with alcoholic cirrhosis), causing enlargement of the spleen and collateral veins
subtype: secondary_hypertension__secondaryhypertension hypertension that is secondary to another disease
subtype: white-coat_hypertension temporary rise in blood pressure in the doctor's office
subtype: hypotension abnormally low blood pressure
subtype: orthostatic_hypotension__postural_hypotension low blood pressure occurring in some people when they stand up
subtype: aneurysm a sac-like widening of an artery
subtype: aortic_aneurysm an aneurysm of the aorta
subtype: cerebral_aneurysm an aneurysm of the carotid artery
subtype: intracranial_aneurysm an aneurysm of a cranial artery
subtype: ventricular_aneurysm__ventricularaneurysm a localized dilation or protrusion on the wall of the left ventricle of the heart (occurring after a myocardial infarction)
subtype: circulatory_failure__circulatoryfailure failure of the cardiovascular system to supply adequate amounts of blood to body tissues
subtype: celiac_disease a disorder in children and adults; inability to tolerate wheat protein (gluten); symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation; often accompanied by lactose intolerance
subtype: cheilosis__cheilosi__perleche a disorder of the lips marked by scaling and fissures at the corners of the mouth; caused by a deficiency of riboflavin
subtype: choking a condition caused by blocking the airways to the lungs (as with food or swelling of the larynx)
subtype: colpoxerosis a condition in which the vagina is unusually dry
subtype: degenerative_disorder condition leading to progressive loss of function
subtype: demyelination loss of the myelin covering of some nerve fibers resulting in their impaired function
subtype: dystrophy any degenerative disorder resulting from inadequate or faulty nutrition
subtype: osteodystrophy defective bone development; usually attributable to renal disease or to disturbances in calcium and phosphorus metabolism
subtype: disseminated_multiple_sclerosis__multiple_sclerosis__MS__disseminated_sclerosis a chronic progressive nervous disorder involving loss of myelin sheath around certain nerve fibers
subtype: paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: orthochorea a form of chorea in which spasms occur mainly when the patient is erect
subtype: Sydenham's_chorea__Saint_Vitus_dance__St._Vitus_dance chorea occurring chiefly in children and associated with rheumatic fever
subtype: tarantism a nervous disorder characterized by an uncontrollable impulse to dance; popularly attributed to bite of the S European tarantula or wolf spider
subtype: Huntington's_chorea__Huntington's_disease hereditary; develops in adulthood and ends in dementia
subtype: dysaphia a disorder in the sense of touch
subtype: dysosmia__parosamia__ofactory_impairment a disorder in the sense of smell
subtype: dyspahgia condition in which swallowing is difficult or painful
subtype: dysuria painful or difficult urination
subtype: failure.disorder loss of ability to function normally
subtype: heart_failure__heartfailure__coronary_failure inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain normal bodily functions
subtype: renal_failure__renalfailure__kidney_failure inability of the kidneys to excrete wastes and to help maintain the electrolyte balance
subtype: fantods an ill-defined state of irritability and distress
subtype: glandular_disease__glandulardisease__gland_disease__glanddisease__glandular_disorder__glandulardisorder__adenosis a disorder of the glands of the body
subtype: hyperparathyroidism excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally high levels of calcium in the blood; can affect many systems of the body (especially causing bone resorption and osteoporosis)
subtype: hypoparathyroidism inadequate secretion of parathyroid hormone resulting in abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
subtype: hyperpituitarism excessive activity of the pituitary gland (especially overactivity of the anterior lobe which leads to excess secretion of growth hormone)
subtype: Addison's_disease__Addison's_syndrome__hypoadrenalism__hypoadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by failure of function of the cortex of the adrenal gland and marked by anemia and prostration with brownish skin
subtype: adenopathy a glandular disease or enlargement of glandular tissue (especially of the lymph glands)
subtype: aldosteronism__hyperaldosteronism a condition caused by over-production of aldosterone
subtype: Cushing's_disease__hyperadrenalism a glandular disorder caused by excessive ACTH resulting in greater than normal functioning of the adrenal gland; characterized by obesity
subtype: Cushing's_syndrome__hyperadrenocorticism a glandular disorder caused by excessive cortisol
subtype: diabetes any of several metabolic disorders marked by excessive urination and persistent thirst
subtype: diabetes_mellitus__DM diabetes caused by a relative or absolute deficiency of insulin and characterized by polyuria; "when doctors say `diabetes' they usually mean `diabetes mellitus'"
subtype: Type_I_diabetes__insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__IDDM__juvenile-onset_diabetes__juvenile_diabetes__growth-onset_diabetes__ketosis-prone_diabetes__ketoacidosis-prone_diabetes__autoimmune_diabetes severe diabetes mellitus with an early onset; characterized by polyuria and excessive thirst and increased appetite and weight loss and episodic ketoacidosis; diet and insulin injections are required to control the disease
subtype: Type_II_diabetes__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes_mellitus__NIDDM__non-insulin-dependent_diabetes__ketosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketosis-resistant_diabetes__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes_mellitus__ketoacidosis-resistant_diabetes__adult-onset_diabetes_mellitus__adult-onset_diabetes__maturity-onset_diabetes_mellitus__maturity-onset_diabetes mild form of diabetes mellitus that develops gradually in adults; can be precipitated by obesity or severe stress or menopause or other factors; can usually be controlled by diet and hypoglycemic agents without injections of insulin
subtype: latent_diabetes__chemical_diabetes a mild form of diabetes mellitus in which there are no overt symptoms but there are abnormal responses to some diagnostic procedures
subtype: diabetes_insipidus a rare form of diabetes resulting from a deficiency of vasopressin (the pituitary hormone that regulates the kidneys); characterized by the chronic excretion of large amounts of pale dilute urine which results in dehydration and extreme thirst
subtype: nephrogenic_diabetes_insipidus diabetes insipidus caused by a failure of the kidney to respond to normal levels of vasopressin
subtype: hyperthyroidism__thyrotoxicosis an overactive thyroid gland; pathologically excessive production of thyroid hormones or the condition resulting from excessive production of thyroid hormones
subtype: Graves'_disease__exophthalmic_goiter exophthalmos occurring in association with goiter; hyperthyroidism with protrusion of the eyeballs
subtype: hypothyroidism an underactive thyroid gland; a glandular disorder resulting from insufficient production of thyroid hormones
subtype: myxedema__myxoedema hypothyroidism marked by dry skin and swellings around lips and nose as well as mental deterioration
subtype: cretinism severe hypothyroidism resulting in physical and mental stunting
subtype: hyperactivity a condition characterized by excessive restlessness and movement
subtype: impacted_tooth__impaction a disorder in which a tooth is so crowded in its socket that it cannot erupt normally
subtype: impaction a disorder in which feces are impacted in the lower colon
subtype: learning_disorder__learning_disability__learningdisability a disorder found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties in learning specific skills
subtype: dyscalculia impaired ability to learn grade-appropriate mathematics
subtype: dysgraphia impaired ability to learn to write
subtype: dyslexia impaired ability to learn to read
subtype: malocclusion (dentistry) a condition in which the opposing teeth do not mesh normally
subtype: overbite (dentistry) malocclusion in which the upper teeth extend abnormally far over the lower teeth
subtype: mental_disorder__mental_disturbance__disturbance__psychological_disorder__psychologicaldisorder__folie (psychiatry) a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness
subtype: anxiety_disorder__anxietydisorder a cover term for a variety of mental disorders in which severe anxiety is a salient symptom
subtype: generalized_anxiety_disorder__generalizedanxietydisorder__GAD__anxiety_reaction__anxietyreaction an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic free-floating anxiety and such symptoms as tension or sweating or trembling of light-headedness or irritability etc that has lasted for more than six months
subtype: panic_disorder__panicdisorder an anxiety disorder characterized by unpredictable panic attacks; the attacks are usually severe but brief
subtype: phobia__phobic_disorder__phobic_neurosis an anxiety disorder characterized by extreme and irrational fear of simple things or social situations; "phobic disorder is a general term for all phobias"
subtype: agoraphobia a morbid fear of open spaces (as fear of being caught alone in some public place)
subtype: simple_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with relatively simple well-defined stimuli
subtype: acrophobia a morbid fear of great heights
subtype: algophobia a morbid fear of pain
subtype: aquaphobia a morbid fear of drowning
subtype: astraphobia a morbid fear of thunder and lightning
subtype: claustrophobia a morbid fear of being closed in a confined space
subtype: cryophobia a morbid fear of freezing
subtype: hydrophobia a fear of drinking liquids because swallowing is so painful (as with persons having rabies)
subtype: hypnophobia a morbid fear of falling asleep
subtype: mysophobia a morbid fear of dirt or contamination
subtype: neophobia a morbid fear of novelty
subtype: nyctophobia a morbid fear of night or darkness
subtype: phobophobia a morbid fear of developing a phobia
subtype: photophobia a morbid fear of light
subtype: pyrophobia a morbid fear of fire
subtype: taphephobia a morbid fear of being buried alive
subtype: thanatophobia a morbid fear of death
subtype: triskaidekaphobia a morbid fear of the number 13
subtype: zoophobia a morbid fear of animals
subtype: acarophobia a morbid fear of small insects and mites and worms
subtype: ailurophobia a morbid fear of cats
subtype: cynophobia a morbid fear of dogs
subtype: entomophobia a morbid fear of insects
subtype: lepidophobia a morbid fear of snakes
subtype: musophobia a morbid fear of mice
subtype: social_phobia any phobia (other than agoraphobia) associated with situations in which you are subject to criticism by others (as fear of eating in public or public speaking etc)
subtype: androphobia a morbid fear of men
subtype: gynophobia a morbid fear of women
subtype: satanophobia an abnormal fear of Satan
subtype: school_phobia a child's sudden fear of attending school
subtype: traumatophobia a morbid fear of battle or physical injury
subtype: xenophobia an irrational fear of foreigners or strangers
subtype: posttraumatic_stress_disorder__PTSD an anxiety disorder associated with serious traumatic events and characterized by such symptoms as guilt about surviving or reliving the trauma in dreams or numbness and lack of involvement with reality or recurrent thoughts and images
subtype: battle_fatigue__combat_fatigue__combat_neurosis__shell_shock__shellshock a mental disorder caused by stress of active warfare
subtype: psychosomatic_disorder__psychosomaticdisorder a mental disorder that causes somatic symptoms
subtype: aberration a disorder in one's mental state
subtype: conversion_disorder__conversion_reaction__conversion_hysteria a mental disorder characterized by the conversion of mental conflict into somatic forms (into paralysis or anesthesia having no apparent cause)
subtype: glove_anesthesia__gloveanesthesia a mental disorder involving loss of sensitivity in the hand and wrist; "since no combination of nerves serve this area a glove anesthesia is clearly psychogenic in origin"
subtype: delirium a usually brief state of excitement and mental confusion often accompanied by hallucinations
subtype: delusional_disorder any mental disorder in which delusions play a significant role
subtype: encopresis involuntary defecation not attributable to physical defects or illness
subtype: folie_a_deux__folieadeux the simultaneous occurrence of symptoms of a mental disorder (as delusions) in two persons who are closely related (as siblings or man and wife)
subtype: personality_disorder__personalitydisorder inflexible and maladaptive patterns of behavior
subtype: maladjustment the condition of being unable to adapt properly to your environment with resulting emotional instability
subtype: antisocial_personality_disorder__sociopathic_personality__psychopathic_personality a personality disorder characterized by amorality and lack of affect; capable of violent acts without guilt feelings (`psychopathic personality' was once widely used but was superseded by `sociopathic personality' to indicate the social aspects of the disorder; `antisocial personality disorder' is currently the preferred term)
subtype: schizotypal_personality characterized by symptoms similar to but less severe than schizophrenia
subtype: major_affective_disorder__majoraffectivedisorder__affective_disorder__affectivedisorder__emotional_disorder__emotionaldisorder__emotional_disturbance__emotionaldisturbance any mental disorder not caused by detectable organic abnormalities of the brain and in which a major disturbance of emotions is predominant
subtype: depressive_disorder__clinical_depression__depression a state of depression and anhedonia so severe as to require clinical intervention
subtype: agitated_depression a state of clinical depression in which the person exhibits irritability and restlessness
subtype: anaclitic_depression__anacliticdepression severe and progressive depression in infants who lose their mother and do not get a suitable substitute
subtype: dysthymia__dysthymic_depression__dysthymicdepression mild chronic depression; "I thought she had just been in a bad mood for thirty years, but the doctor called it dysthymia"
subtype: endogenous_depression a state of depression for which there is no apparent precipitating cause
subtype: exogenous_depression__exogenousdepression__reactive_depression an inappropriate state of depression that is precipitated by events in the person's life (to be distinguished from normal grief)
subtype: major_depressive_episode (psychiatry) a state of depression with all the classic symptoms (anhedonia and lethargy and sleep disturbance and despondency and morbid thoughts and feelings of worthlessness and sometimes attempted suicide) but with no known organic dysfunction
subtype: involutional_depression a major depressive episode associated with the climacteric
subtype: unipolar_depression a major depressive episode that occurs without the manic phase that occurs in the classic form of bipolar disorder
subtype: neurotic_depression a term used for any state of depression that is not psychotic
subtype: psychotic_depression__psychoticdepression a state of depression so severe that the person loses contact with reality and suffers a variety of functional impairments
subtype: retarded_depression a state of clinical depression in which the individual is lethargic and slow to initiate action
subtype: manic_disorder__manicdisorder__mania a mood disorder; an affective disorder in which the victim tends to respond excessively and sometimes violently
subtype: craze__delirium__frenzy__fury__hysteria state of violent mental agitation
subtype: nympholepsy a frenzy of emotion; as for something unattainable
subtype: bipolar_disorder__bipolardisorder__manicdepression__manicdepressiveillnes__manic-depressive_psychosis a mental disorder characterized by episodes of mania and depression
subtype: cyclothymia__cyclothymic_disorder__cyclothymicdisorder__cyclic_disorder a mild bipolar disorder that persists over a long time
subtype: schizothymia resembling schizophrenia but remaining within the bounds of normality
subtype: neurosis__neuroticism__psychoneurosi a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunction
subtype: hysterical_neurosis__hysteria neurotic disorder characterized by violent emotional outbreaks and disturbances of sensory and motor functions
subtype: anxiety_hysteria__anxietyhysteria a form of hysteria having features of both conversion disorder and anxiety neurosis
subtype: hysterocatalepsy hysteria with cataleptic symptoms
subtype: anxiety_neurosis characterized by diffuse anxiety and often somatic manifestations of fear
subtype: dissociative_disorder dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
subtype: depersonalization_disorder__depersonalizationdisorder__depersonalization__depersonalisation__depersonalisation_disorder__depersonalisationdisorder__depersonalization_neurosis__depersonalisation_neurosis emotional dissociative disorder in which there is loss of contact with your own personal reality accompanied by feelings of unreality and strangeness
subtype: psychogenic_fugue__psychogenicfugue__fugue dissociative disorder in which a person forgets who who they are and leaves home to creates a new life; during the fugue there is no memory of the former life; after recovering there is no memory for events during the dissociative state
subtype: split_personality__splitpersonality__multiple_personality a relatively rare dissociative disorder in which the usual integrity of the personality breaks down and two or more independent personalities emerge
subtype: metabolic_disorder__metabolicdisorder a disorder or defect of metabolism
subtype: alkaptonuria__alcaptonuria a rare recessive metabolic anomaly marked by ochronosis and the presence of alkapton in the urine
subtype: inborn_error_of_metabolism any of a number of diseases in which an inherited defect (usually a missing or inadequate enzyme) results in an abnormality of metabolism
subtype: lipidosis__lipidosi a disorder of lipid metabolism; abnormal levels of certain fats accumulate in the body
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: Gaucher's_disease a rare chronic disorder of lipid metabolism probably of genetic origin
subtype: Niemann-Pick_disease a disorder of lipid metabolism that is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait
subtype: Tay-Sachs_disease__Tay-Sachs__Sachs_disease__infantile_amaurotic_idiocy__infantileamauroticidiocy a hereditary disorder of lipid metabolism occuring most frequently in individuals of E European Jewish descent; accumulation of lipids in nervous tissue results in death in early childhood
subtype: lysine_intolerance a disorder in which a lack of certain enzymes makes it impossible to digest the amino acid lysine
subtype: hyperlipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in high levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: hyperbetalipoproteinemia a genetic disorder characterized by high levels of beta-lipoproteins and cholesterol; can lead to atherosclerosis at an early age
subtype: hypolipoproteinemia any of various disorders of lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism that result in low levels of lipoprotein and cholesterol in the circulating blood
subtype: hypobetalipoproteinemia a hereditary disorder characterized by low levels of beta-lipoproteins and lipids and cholesterol
subtype: abetalipoproteinemia a rare inherited disorder of fat metabolism; characterized by severe deficiency of beta-lipoproteins and abnormal red blood cells (acanthocytes) and abnormally low cholesterol levels
subtype: nervous_disorder__nervousdisorder__neurologicaldisorder__neurological_disease a disorder of the nervous system
subtype: brain_disorder__braindisorder__encephalopathy__brain_disease__braindisease any disorder or disease of the brain
subtype: epilepsy a disorder of the central nervous system characterized by loss of consciousness and convulsions
subtype: akinetic_epilepsy epilepsy characterized by akinesia
subtype: cortical_epilepsy__focal_epilepsy__focalepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack begins with an isolated disturbance of cerebral function (as a twitching of a limb or an illusory sensation or a mental disturbance)
subtype: Jacksonian_epilepsy focal epilepsy in which the attack usually moves from distal to proximal limb muscles on the same side of the body
subtype: sensory_epilepsy__sensoryepilepsy focal epilepsy initiated by somatosensory phenomena
subtype: grand_mal_epilepsy__grandmalepilepsy__generalized_epilepsy__generalizedepilepsy epilepsy in which the attack involves loss of consciousness and tonic spasms of the musculature followed by generalized jerking
subtype: myoclonus_epilepsy__myoclonusepilepsy__Lafora's_disease epilepsy characterized by clonus of muscle groups and progressive mental deterioration and genetic origin
subtype: petit_mal_epilepsy__petitmalepilepsy__absence epilepsy characterized by paroxysmal attacks of brief clouding of consciousness (a possible other abnormalities)
subtype: complex_absence petit mal seizure accompanied by other abnormalities (atonia or automatisms or vasomotor changes)
subtype: pure_absence__simple_absence petit mal seizure without other complications; followed by 3-per-sec brain-wave spikes
subtype: subclinical_absence__subclinicalabsence transient impairment of cortical function demonstrable only by 3-per-second brain-wave spikes
subtype: posttraumatic_epilepsy__posttraumaticepilepsy__traumatic_epilepsy__traumaticepilepsy a convulsive epileptic state caused by a head injury
subtype: procursive_epilepsy epilepsy in which a seizure is induced by whirling or running
subtype: psychomotor_epilepsy__psychomotorepilepsy__temporal_lobe_epilepsy epilepsy characterized clinically by impairment of consciousness and amnesia for the episode; often involves purposeful movements of the arms and legs and sometimes hallucinations
subtype: reflex_epilepsy a form of epilepsy in which attacks are induced by peripheral stimulation
subtype: musicogenic_epilepsy__musicogenicepilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by music
subtype: photogenic_epilepsy reflex epilepsy induced by a flickering light
subtype: status_epilepticus a condition in which there are continuing attacks of epilepsy without intervals of consciousness; can lead to brain damage and death
subtype: tonic_epilepsy__tonicepilepsy epilepsy in which the body is rigid during the seizure
subtype: apraxia inability to make purposeful movements
subtype: paralysis_agitans__paralysisagitan__Parkinsonism__Parkinson's_disease__Parkinson's_syndrome__Parkinson's__shaking_palsy__shakingpalsy a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by tremor and impaired muscular coordination
subtype: cerebral_palsy__spastic_paralysis__spasticparalysi a loss or deficiency of motor control with involuntary spasms caused by permanent brain damage present at birth
subtype: agraphia__anorthography__logagraphia a loss of the ability to write or to express thoughts in writing because of a brain lesion
subtype: acataphasia a disorder in which a lesion to the central nervous system leaves you unable to formulate a statement or to express yourself in an organized manner
subtype: aphasia inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion
subtype: auditory_aphasia__acoustic_aphasia__word_deafness an impairment in understanding spoken language that is not attributable to hearing loss
subtype: conduction_aphasia__associative_aphasia__associativeaphasia aphasia in which the lesion is assumed to be in the association tracts connecting the various language centers in the brain; patient's have difficulty repeating a sentence just heard
subtype: global_aphasia__total_aphasia loss of all ability to communicate
subtype: motor_aphasia__motoraphasia__Broca's_aphasia__ataxic_aphasia__expressive_aphasia__nonfluent_aphasia__nonfluentaphasia aphasia in which expression by speech or writing is severely impaired
subtype: nominal_aphasia__nominalaphasia__anomic_aphasia__anomia__amnesic_aphasia__amnesicaphasia__amnestic_aphasia inability to name objects or to recognize written or spoken names of objects
subtype: transcortical_aphasia__transcorticalaphasia a general term for aphasia that results from lesions outside of Broca's area or Wernicke's area of the cerebral cortex
subtype: visual_aphasia__alexia__word_blindness inability to perceive written words
subtype: Wernicke's_aphasia__fluent_aphasia__receptive_aphasia__receptiveaphasia__sensory_aphasia__impressive_aphasia aphasia characterized by fluent but meaningless speech and severe impairment of the ability understand spoken or written words
subtype: agnosia inability to recognize objects by use of the senses
subtype: Creutzfeldt-Jakob_disease__CJD__Jakob-Creutzfeldt_disease rare (usually fatal) brain disease (usually in middle age) caused by an unidentified slow virus; characterized by progressive dementia and gradual loss of muscle control
subtype: Wernicke's_encephalopathy inflammatory degenerative disease of the brain caused by thiamine deficiency that is usually associated with alcoholism
subtype: motor_ataxia__motorataxia__ataxia__ataxy__dyssynergia inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gait
subtype: Friedreich's_ataxia__herediatry_spinal_ataxia sclerosis of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord; characterized by muscular weakness and abnormal gait; occurs in children
subtype: hereditary_cerebellar_ataxia nervous disorder of late childhood and early adulthood; characterized by ataxic gait and hesitating or explosive speech and nystagmus
subtype: atopognosia__atopognosi absence or loss of topognosia; inability to locate correctly a point of touch
subtype: dyskinesia abnormality in performing voluntary muscle movements
subtype: tardive_dyskinesia__tardivedyskinesia involuntary rolling of the tongue and twitching of the face or trunk or limbs; often occurs in patients with parkinsonism who are treated with phenothiazine
subtype: chorea any of several degenerative nervous disorders characterized by spasmodic movements of the body and limbs
subtype: flaccid_paralysis__flaccidparalysi weakness or loss of muscle tone resulting from injury or disease of the nerves innervating the muscles
subtype: athetosis__athetosi a continuous succession of slow writing involuntary movements of the hands and feet and other body parts
subtype: kuru a progressive disease of the central nervous system marked by increasing lack of coordination and advancing to paralysis and death within a year of the appearance of symptoms; thought to have been transmitted by cannibalistic consumption of diseased brain tissue since the disease virtually disappeared when cannibalism was abandoned
subtype: nerve_compression__nervecompression harmful pressure on a nerve (especially in nerves that pass over rigid prominences); causes nerve damage and muscle weakness
subtype: nerve_entrapment__nerveentrapment repeated and long-term nerve compression (usually in nerves near joints that are subject to inflammation or swelling)
subtype: carpal_tunnel_syndrome a disorder caused by compression of a nerve in the carpal tunnel (where the nerve passes through the wrist); characterized by discomfort and weakness in the hand
subtype: hydrocele disorder in which serous fluid accumulates in a body sac (especially in the scrotum)
subtype: sleep_disorder__sleepdisorder a disturbance of the normal sleep pattern
subtype: hypersomnia an inability to stay awake
subtype: catalepsy a trancelike state with loss of voluntary motion and failure to react to stimuli
subtype: narcolepsy a sleep disorder characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of deep sleep; "he believes that narcolepsy is attributable to an inability to suppress REM sleep during waking"
subtype: insomnia an inability to sleep; chronic sleeplessness
subtype: sleep_terror_disorder__pavor_nocturnus__pavornocturnu a disorder of sleep characterized by a dream of terrifying dimensions far worse than a typical nightmare; they occur during NREM sleep
subtype: sleep_apnea__sleepapnea apnea that occurs during sleep
subtype: sudden_infant_death_syndrome__SIDS__infant_death__crib_death__cot_death__cotdeath sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep
subtype: hematocolpometra__haematocolpometra accumulation of blood in the vagina and uterus
subtype: hematocolpos__haematocolpos__haematocolpo accumulation of menstrual blood in the vagina (usually due to an imperforate hymen)
subtype: speech_disorder__speech_defect a disorder of oral speech
subtype: anarthria partial or total loss of articulate speech resulting from lesions of the central nervous system
subtype: aphonia__voicelessnes a disorder of the vocal organs that results in the loss of voice
subtype: cataphasia a speech disorder in which the same word is repeated several times in succession
subtype: dysarthria impaired articulatory ability resulting from defects in the peripheral motor nerves or in the speech musculature
subtype: dyslogia impaired ability to express ideas verbally; usually resulting from difficulties of reasoning (as in feeble-mindedness or certain psychoses)
subtype: dysphonia speech disorder attributable to a disorder of phonation
subtype: lallation speech defect in which the phoneme `r' is pronounced as `l'
subtype: lambdacism speech defect involving excessive use or unusual pronunciation of the phoneme `l'
subtype: lisp a speech defect that involves pronouncing s like voiceless th and z like voiced th
subtype: stammer__stutter a speech disorder involving hesitations and involuntary repetitions of certain sounds
subtype: tropical_sprue__sprue a chronic disorder that occurs in tropical and nontropical forms and in both children and adults; nutrients are not absorbed; symptoms include foul-smelling diarrhea and emaciation
subtype: roots__root the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage; "his roots in Texas go back a long way"; "he went back to Sweden to search for his roots"; "his music has African roots"
subtype: hyalinization__hyalinisation the state of being hyaline or having become hyaline: "the patient's arterioles showed marked hyalinization"
subtype: vacuolization__vacuolation the state of having become filled with vacuoles
subtype: protuberance the condition of being protuberant; the condition of bulging out; "the protuberance of his belly"
subtype: curvature.state (medical) a curving or bending; often abnormal; "curvature of the spine"
subtype: psychological_state__psychologicalstate__mental_state a mental condition in which the qualities of a state are relatively constant even though the state itself may be dynamic; "a manic state"
subtype: state_of_mind__frame_of_mind a temporary psychological state
subtype: case.state_of_mind a specific state of mind that is temporary; "a case of the jitters"
subtype: thinking_cap a state in which one thinks
subtype: abulia__aboulia a loss of will power
subtype: anhedonia an inability to experience pleasure
subtype: depersonalization__depersonalisation (existentialism) a loss of personal identity; a feeling of being an anonymous cog in a stupid social machine
subtype: hypnosis a state that resembles sleep but that is induced by suggestion
subtype: self-hypnosis__self-suggestion__autosuggestion hypnosis induced by yourself
subtype: fugue.psychological_state a dreamlike state of altered consciousness that may last for hours or days
subtype: trauma an emotional wound or shock often having long-lasting effects
subtype: morale a state of individual psychological well-being based upon a sense of confidence and usefulness and purpose
subtype: anxiousness__anxiety a relatively permanent state of anxiety occurring in a variety of mental disorders
subtype: castration_anxiety (psychoanalysis) anxiety resulting from real or imagined threats to your sexual functions; originally applied only to men but can in principal apply to women
subtype: hypochondria__hypochondriasis__hypochondriasi chronic and abnormal anxiety about imaginary symptoms and ailments
subtype: overanxiety excessive anxiety
subtype: scare__panic sudden mass fear and anxiety over anticipated events; "panic in the stock market"; "a war scare"
subtype: red_scare__redscare a period of general fear of communists
subtype: hallucinosis a mental state in which the person has continual hallucinations
subtype: identity_crisis distress and disorientation (especially in adolescence) resulting from conflicting pressures and uncertainty about and one's self and one's role in society
subtype: jitters__jitter__nervousness__nervousnes__nerve__screaming_meemies__screamingmeemie an uneasy state; "he suffered an attack of nerves"
subtype: nervous_strain__nervousstrain__strain__mental_strain nervousness resulting from mental stress; "his responsibilities were a constant strain"; "the mental strain of staying alert hour after hour was too much for him"
subtype: tenseness__tensenes__stress a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense; "he suffered from fatigue and emotional tension"; "stress is a vasoconstrictor"
subtype: breaking_point.tenseness__breakingpoint stress at which a person breaks down or a situation becomes crucial
subtype: psychotic_belief__psychoticbelief__delusion an erroneous belief that is held in the face of evidence to the contrary
subtype: delusions_of_grandeur a delusion (common in paranoia) that you are much greater and more powerful and influential than you really are
subtype: delusions_of_persecution a delusion (common in paranoia) that others are out to get you and frustrate and embarrass you or inflict suffering on you; a complicated conspiracy is frequently imagined
subtype: hallucination illusory perception; a common symptom of severe mental disorder
subtype: auditory_hallucination__acousma illusory auditory perception of strange nonverbal sounds
subtype: pseudohallucination an image vivid enough to be a hallucination but recognized as unreal
subtype: trip.hallucination a hallucinatory experience induced by drugs; "an acid trip"
subtype: visual_hallucination illusory visual perception
subtype: chromatism.visual_hallucination hallucinatory perception of colored lights
subtype: pink_elephants any visual hallucination arising from heavy drinking
subtype: zoopsia visual hallucination of animals; sometimes occurring in delirium tremens
subtype: nihilistic_delusion__nihilism the delusion that things (or everything, including the self) do not exist; a sense that everything is unreal
subtype: somatic_delusion__somaticdelusion an delusion concerning the body image or parts of the body
subtype: zoanthropy the delusion that you have assumed the form of an animal
subtype: mental_health the psychological state of someone who is functioning at a satisfactory level of emotional and behavioral adjustment
subtype: mental_soundness__mental_balance the healthy psychological state of someone with good judgment
subtype: sanity__saneness normal or sound powers of mind
subtype: lucidity a lucid state of mind; not confused
subtype: rationality__reasonableness the state of having good sense and sound judgment; "his rationality may have been impaired"; "he had to rely less on reason than on rousing their emotions"
subtype: mental_illness__mental_disease__psychopathy any disease of the mind; the psychological state of someone who has emotional or behavioral problems serious enough to require psychiatric intervention
subtype: megalomania a psychological state characterized by delusions of grandeur
subtype: insanity relatively permanent disorder of the mind
subtype: lunacy__madness__insaneness obsolete terms for legal insanity
subtype: dementia__dementedness mental deterioration of organic or functional origin
subtype: alcoholic_dementia__alcoholicdementia__alcohol_amnestic_disorder__Korsakoff's_psychosis__Korsakoff's_syndrome__Korsakov's_psychosis__Korsakov's_syndrome__polyneuritic_psychosis dementia observed during the last stages of severe chronic alcoholism; involves loss of memory for recent events although long term memory is intact
subtype: presenile_dementia__preseniledementia dementia with onset before the age of 65
subtype: Alzheimer's_disease__Alzheimer's__Alzheimers a progressive form of presenile dementia that is similar to senile dementia except that it usually starts in the 40s or 50s; first symptoms are impaired memory which is followed by impaired thought and speech and finally complete helplessness
subtype: Pick's_disease a progressive form of presenile dementia found most often in middle-aged and elderly women and characterized by degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes with loss of intellectual ability and transitory aphasia
subtype: senile_dementia__senile_psychosis dementia of the aged; results from degeneration of the brain in the absence of cerebrovascular disease
subtype: irrationality__unreason the state of being irrational; lacking powers of understanding
subtype: mental_unsoundness__derangement__unbalance a state of mental disturbance and disorientation
subtype: daftness__craziness__crazines__flakines informal terms for insanity
subtype: psychosis__psychosi any severe mental disorder in which contact with reality is lost or highly distorted
subtype: delirium_tremens__DTs__blue_devils acute delirium caused by alcohol poisoning
subtype: paranoia a psychological disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur
subtype: schizophrenia__schizophrenic_disorder__schizophrenicdisorder__schizophrenic_psychosis__dementia_praecox any of several psychotic disorders characterized by distortions of reality and disturbances of thought and language and withdrawal from social contact
subtype: borderline_schizophrenia__latent_schizophrenia schizophrenia characterized by mild symptoms or by some preexisting tendency to schizophrenia
subtype: catatonic_schizophrenia__catatonicschizophrenia__catatonic_type_schizophrenia__catatonia a form of schizophrenia characterized by a tendency to remain in a fixed stuporous state for long periods; the catatonia may give way to short periods of extreme excitement
subtype: hebephrenia__hebephrenic_schizophrenia__hebephrenicschizophrenia__disorganized_schizophrenia__disorganized_type_schizophrenia a form of schizophrenia characterized by severe disintegration of personality including erratic speech and childish mannerisms and bizarre behavior; usually becomes evident during puberty; the most common diagnostic category in mental institutions
subtype: paranoid_schizophrenia__paranoic_type_schizophrenia__paraphrenic_schizophrenia__paraphrenicschizophrenia__paraphrenia a form of schizophrenia characterized by delusions (of persecution or grandeur or jealousy); symptoms may include anger and anxiety and aloofness and doubts about gender identity; unlike other types of schizophrenia the patients are usually presentable and (if delusions are not acted on) may function in an apparently normal manner
subtype: acute_schizophrenic_episode__acuteschizophrenicepisode__reactive_schizophrenia schizophrenia of abrupt onset and relatively short duration (a few weeks or months)
subtype: agitation.psychological_state a mental state of extreme emotional disturbance
subtype: disturbance.agitation__perturbation__upset an unhappy and worried mental state; "there was too much anger and disturbance"; "she didn't realize the upset she caused me"
subtype: swither__fret__stew__sweat__lather agitation resulting from active worry; "don't get in a stew"; "he's in a sweat about exams"
subtype: dither__pother__fuss__tizzy__flap an excited state of agitation; "he was in a dither"; "there was a terrible flap about the theft"
subtype: tailspin loss of emotional control often resulting in emotional collapse
subtype: depression.psychological_state a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity
subtype: melancholia extreme depression characterized by tearful sadness and irrational fears
subtype: megrims__megrim__blues__blue an informal term for a state of depression; "he had a bad case of the blues"
subtype: blue_funk__funk a state of nervous depression; "he was in a funk"
subtype: melancholy.depression a constitutional tendency to be gloomy and depressed
subtype: slough_of_despond (formal) extreme depression
subtype: low_spirits__lowspirit a state of mild depression
subtype: dumps__dump__mopes__mope (informal) "in the dumps"; "have the mopes"
subtype: dejection a state of melancholy depression
subtype: elation an exhilarating psychological state of pride and optimism; an absence of depression
subtype: bliss__blis__blissfulnes__cloud_nine__cloudnine__seventh_heaven__seventhheaven__walking_on_air a state of extreme happiness
subtype: ecstasy a state of elated bliss
subtype: high_induced_by_drug_or_alcohol__high a state of altered consciousness induced by alcohol or narcotics; "they took drugs to get a high on"
subtype: high.elation a state of sustained elation; "I'm on a permanent high these days"
subtype: vexation__irritation__annoyance the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed
subtype: botheration the state of being bothered
subtype: huff__miff__seeing_red a state of irritation or annoyance
subtype: pinprick.vexation a minor annoyance
subtype: restlessness.vexation__impatience a lack of patience; irritation with anything that causes delay
subtype: snit a state of agitated irritation; "he was in a snit"
subtype: enchantment__trance a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation
subtype: possession.enchantment being controlled by passion or the supernatural
subtype: fascination the state of being intensely interested (as by awe or terror)
subtype: disassociation__dissociation a state in which some integrated part of a person's life becomes separated from the rest of the personality and functions independently
subtype: compartmentalization__compartmentalisation a mild state of dissociation
subtype: dissociative_disorder dissociation so severe that the usually integrated functions of consciousness and perception of self break down
subtype: difficulty.state a situation or condition almost beyond one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome: "grappling with financial difficulties"
subtype: bitch.difficulty (slang) an unpleasant difficulty; "this problem is a real bitch"
subtype: predicament__quandary__plight a situation from which extrication is difficult especially an unpleasant or trying one: "finds himself in a most awkward predicament"; "the woeful plight of homeless people"
subtype: care a cause for feeling concern; "his major care was the illness of his wife"
subtype: corner.predicament__box a predicament from which a skillful or graceful escape is impossible; "his lying got him into a tight corner"
subtype: hot_water a dangerous or distressing predicament; "his views on race got him into political hot water"
subtype: rattrap.difficulty a difficult entangling situation
subtype: pinch.difficulty a painful or straitened circumstance: "the pinch of the recession"
subtype: muddle__fix__hole__jam__mess__pickle__kettle_of_fish informal terms for a difficult situation; "he got into a terrible fix"; "he made a muddle of his marriage"
subtype: hard_time a difficulty that can be overcome with effort; "we had a hard time getting here"
subtype: stress.difficulty__strain difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension: "she endured the stresses and strains of life"; "he presided over the economy during the period of the greatest stress and danger"- R.J.Samuelson
subtype: problem.difficulty__job a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved; "she and her husband are having problems"; "it is always a job to contact him"; "urban problems such as traffic congestion and smog"
subtype: race_problem a social and political problem caused by conflict between races occupying the same or adjacent regions
subtype: balance-of-payments_problem an economic problem caused by payments for imports being greater than receipts for exports
subtype: urinary_hesitancy__urinaryhesitancy difficulty in beginning the flow of urine; associated with prostate enlargement in men and with narrowing of the urethral opening in women; may be caused by emotional stress in either men or women
subtype: wall.difficulty a difficult or awkward situation; "his back was to the wall"; "competition was pushing them to the wall"
subtype: improvement.state a condition superior to an earlier condition: "the new school represents a great improvement"
subtype: betterment an improvement that adds to the value of a property or facility
subtype: development.improvement a state in which things are improving; the result of developing (as in the early part of a game of chess); "after he saw the latest development he changed his mind and became a supporter"; "in chess your should take care of your development before moving your queen"
subtype: underdevelopment.development state of inadequate development: "much poverty can be traced to the underdevelopment of industry"
subtype: renovation__restoration the state of being restored to its former good condition; "the inn was a renovation of a Colonial house"
subtype: decline a condition inferior to an earlier condition
subtype: disuse__neglect the state of something that has been unused and neglected; "the house was in a terrible state of neglect"
subtype: omission.disuse something that has been omitted; "she searched the table for omissions"
subtype: twilight.decline a condition of decline following successes; "in the twilight of the empire"
subtype: wreck something or someone that has suffered ruin or dilapidation; "the house was a wreck when they bought it"; "thanks to that quack I am a human wreck"
subtype: ennoblement.state the state of being noble
subtype: ascendance__dominance__ascendence__ascendancy__ascendency__control the state that exists when one person or group has power over another; "her apparent dominance of her husband was really her attempt to make him pay attention to her"
subtype: ascendant__ascendent position or state of being dominant or in control: "that idea was in the ascendant"
subtype: supremacy__domination__mastery power to dominate or defeat; "mastery of the seas"
subtype: transcendency__transcendence__superiority the state of excelling or surpassing or going beyond usual limits
subtype: predominance__predomination the state of being predominant over others
subtype: dominion__rule dominance or power through legal authority; "France held undisputed dominion over vast areas of Africa"; "the rule of Caesar"
subtype: paramountcy the state of being paramount; the highest rank or authority
subtype: raj British dominion over India (1757-1947)
subtype: reign.dominion__sovereignty royal authority; the dominion of a monarch
subtype: scepter__sceptre the imperial authority symbolized by a scepter
subtype: suzerainty.dominion the position or authority of a suzerain: "under the suzerainty of..."
subtype: tyranny__absolutism__despotism dominance through threat of punishment and violence
subtype: monopoly.ascendance exclusive control or possession of something; "They have no monopoly on intelligence"
subtype: comfort.state__comfortableness__comfortablenes a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain; "he is a man who enjoys his comfort"; "she longed for the comfortableness of her armchair"
subtype: relief.comfort__ease the condition of being comfortable or relieved (especially after being relieved of distress); "he enjoyed his relief from responsibility"; "getting it off his conscience gave him some ease"
subtype: respite__reprieve a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort
subtype: solace__solacement comfort in disappointment or misery
subtype: coziness__cosiness__snugness a state of warm snug comfort
subtype: convenience the state of being suitable or opportune; "chairs arranged for his own convenience"
subtype: discomfort__uncomfortableness__uncomfortablenes the state of being tense and feeling pain
subtype: incommodiousness__inconvenience an inconvenient discomfort
subtype: malaise__unease__uneasiness physical discomfort (as mild sickness or depression)
subtype: hangover__katzenjammer disagreeable aftereffects from the use of drugs (especially alcohol)
subtype: need__demand a condition requiring relief; "she satisfied his need for affection"; "God has no need of men to accomplish His work"; "there is a demand for jobs"
subtype: lack__deficiency__want the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable; "there is a serious lack of insight into the problem"; "water is the critical deficiency in desert regions"; "for want of a nail the shoe was lost"
subtype: absence.lack the state of being absent; "he was surprised by the absence of any explanation"
subtype: nonoccurrence absence by virtue of not occurring
subtype: awayness the state of being elsewhere than in particular place
subtype: dearth__famine__shortage a severe shortage (especially a shortage of food)
subtype: mineral_deficiency__mineraldeficiency lack of a mineral micronutrient that is essential for normal nutrition or metabolism
subtype: sideropenia a deficiency of iron; results from inadequate iron in the diet or from hemorrhage
subtype: stringency__tightness__tightnes a state occasioned by scarcity of money and a shortage of credit
subtype: necessity the condition of being essential or indispensable
subtype: requisiteness__requisitenes the state of being absolutely required
subtype: urgency the state of being urgent; an earnest and insistent necessity
subtype: hurry__haste a condition of urgency making it necessary to hurry; "in a hurry to lock the door"
subtype: imperativeness__insistence__insistency__press__pres the state of urgently demanding notice or attention; "the press of business matters"
subtype: criticalness__criticality__cruciality a state of critical urgency
subtype: fullness the condition of being filled to capacity
subtype: satiety__repletion__satiation the state of being satisfactorily full and unable to take on more
subtype: excess__surfeit the state of being more than full
subtype: solidity state of having the interior filled with matter
subtype: infestation the state of being overrun in unpleasantly large numbers (as by parasites)
subtype: fascioliasis__fasciolosis__fasciolosi infestation with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica; liver damage sometimes occurs; related to liver rot
subtype: fasciolopsiasis__fasciolopsiasi infestation with the large intestinal fluke Fasciolopsis buski; common in eastern Asia
subtype: enterobiasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by the pinworm Enterobius vermicularis; occurs especially in children
subtype: schistosomiasis__schistosomiasi__bilharzia__bilharziasis an infestation with or a resulting infection caused by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma; common in the tropics and Far East; symptoms depend on the part of the body infected
subtype: trichinosis__trichinosi__trichiniasis__myositis_trichinosa infestation by trichina larvae that are transmitted by eating inadequately cooked meat (especially pork); larvae migrate from the intestinal tract to the muscles where they become encysted
subtype: acariasis__acariasi__acariosis__acariosi__acaridiasis__acaridiasi infestation with itch mites
subtype: ascariasis infestation of the human intestine with Ascaris roundworms
subtype: coccidiosis__coccidiosi (veterinary medicine) infestation with coccidia
subtype: echinococcosis__hydatid_disease__hydatidosis infestation with larval echinococci (tapeworms)
subtype: helminthiasis__helminthiasi infestation of the body with parasitic worms
subtype: hookworm_disease__hookworm infestation of the intestines by hookworms which enter the body (usually) through the skin
subtype: myiasis infestation of the body by the larvae of flies (usually through a wound or other opening) or any disease resulting from such infestation
subtype: onchocerciasis__river_blindness infestation with slender threadlike roundworms (filaria) deposited under the skin by the bite of black fleas; when the eyes are involved it can result in blindness; common in Africa and tropical America
subtype: opisthorchiasis infestation with flukes obtained from eating raw fish; common in eastern Asia
subtype: pediculosis__pediculosi__lousiness__lousines infestation with lice (Pediculus humanus) resulting in severe itching
subtype: pediculosis_capitis__pediculosiscapiti__head_lice infestation of the scalp with lice
subtype: pediculosis_corporis infestation of body skin with lice
subtype: pediculosis_pubis__pediculosispubi__crabs__crab infestation of the pubic hair by crab lice
subtype: trombiculiasis infestation with chiggers
subtype: trichuriasis infestation by a roundworm; common in tropical areas with poor sanitation
subtype: emptiness__emptines the state of containing nothing
subtype: blankness__blanknes the state of being blank; void; emptiness
subtype: hollowness the state of being hollow: having an empty space within
subtype: vacancy being unoccupied
subtype: vacuousness__vacuousnes total absence of matter
subtype: vacuum__vacuity the absence of matter
subtype: nakedness__nakednes__nudeness the state of being without clothing or covering of any kind
subtype: nude as in the phrase "They swam in the nude"
subtype: raw__altogether__birthday_suit informal terms for nakedness; "in the raw"; "in the altogether"; "in his birthday suit"
subtype: undress__undres partial or complete nakedness; "a state of undress"
subtype: bareness the state of being unclothed and exposed (especially of a part of the body)
subtype: baldness__hairlessness__phalacrosis__phalacrosi the condition of having no hair (especially on the top of the head)
subtype: alopecia loss of hair (especially on the head) or wool or feathers; in humans it can result from heredity or hormonal imbalance or certain diseases or drugs and treatments (chemotherapy for cancer)
subtype: alopecia_areata patchy baldness
subtype: male-patterned_baldness loss of hair on the crown of the head
subtype: dishabille__deshabille the state of being carelessly or partially dressed
subtype: shirtsleeves not wearing a jacket; "in your shirtsleeves" means you are not wearing anything over your shirt; "in hot weather they dined in their shirtsleeves"
subtype: hopefulness.state full of hope
subtype: confidence.hopefulness a state of confident hopefulness that events will be favorable; "public confidence in the economy"
subtype: anticipation.hopefulness__expectation wishing with confidence of fulfillment
subtype: despair.state__desperation a state in which everything seems wrong and will turn out badly; "they were rescued from despair at the last minute"
subtype: pureness__purity being undiluted or unmixed with extraneous material
subtype: plainness.pureness__plainnes the state of being unmixed with other material; "the plainness of vanilla ice cream"
subtype: impureness__impurity the condition of being impure
subtype: adulteration__debasement being mixed with extraneous material
subtype: admixture__alloy the state of impairing the quality or reducing the value of something
subtype: taint__contamination the state of being contaminated
subtype: dust_contamination.taint__dustcontamination state of being contaminated with dust
subtype: dirtiness__dirtines the state of containing dirty impurities
subtype: putridity the state of being putrid
subtype: pollution undesirable state of the natural environment being contaminated with harmful substances as a consequence of human activities
subtype: biodegradable_pollution__biodegradablepollution pollution that is rendered harmless by natural processes and so causes no permanent harm
subtype: nonbiodegradable_pollution pollution that accumulates in the environment and may appear in the food chain
subtype: air_pollution__airpollution pollution of the air; "air pollution reduced the visibility"
subtype: acid_rain__acid_precipitation rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water
subtype: industrial_pollution pollution resulting from an industrial plant discharging pollutants into the air
subtype: miasma unhealthy vapors rising from the ground or other sources; "the miasma of the marshes"; "a miasma of cigar smoke"
subtype: smog__smogginess air pollution by a mixture of smoke and fog
subtype: noise_pollution__noisepollution__sound_pollution__soundpollution annoying and potentially harmful environmental noise
subtype: thermal_pollution__thermalpollution harm to lakes and rivers resulting from the release of excessive waste heat into them
subtype: water_pollution__waterpollution pollution of the water in rivers and lakes
subtype: financial_condition__financialcondition__economic_condition the condition of finances
subtype: easy_money the economic condition in which credit is easy to secure
subtype: tight_money__tightmoney the economic condition in which credit is difficult to secure
subtype: solvency the ability to meet maturing obligations as they come due
subtype: insolvency lacking financial resources
subtype: bankruptcy.insolvency inability to discharge all your debts as they come due
subtype: credit_crunch__liquidity_crisis a state in which there is a short supply of cash to lend to businesses and consumers
subtype: slump__depression__economic_crisis a long-term economic state characterized by unemployment and low prices and low levels of trade and investment
subtype: Great_Depression the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s
subtype: full_employment the economic condition when everyone who wishes to work at the going wage-rate for their type of labor is employed
subtype: prosperity an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment
subtype: boom.prosperity a state of economic prosperity
subtype: wealthiness__wealthines the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money: "great wealth is not a sign of great intelligence"
subtype: circumstances.wealthiness__circumstance the state (usually personal) with regard to wealth; "each person was helped according to his circumstances"
subtype: affluence__richness abundant wealth
subtype: ease.affluence__comfort a freedom from financial difficulty that promotes a comfortable state: "a life of luxury and ease"; "he had all the material comforts of this world"
subtype: lap_of_luxury__lapofluxury in conditions of wealth and comfort; "he was raised in the lap of luxury"
subtype: luxuriousness__luxuriousnes__opulence__sumptuousness__sumptuousnes wealth as evidenced by sumptuous living
subtype: mammon wealth regarded as an evil influence
subtype: silver_spoon inherited wealth; "he was born with a silver spoon in his mouth"
subtype: sufficiency sufficient resources to provide comfort and meet obligations; "her father questioned the young suitor's sufficiency"
subtype: poverty__poorness__impoverishment the state of having little or no money and few or no material possessions
subtype: deprivation__privation__want a state of extreme poverty
subtype: destitution a state without friends or money or prospects
subtype: indigence__need__penury__beggary__pauperism a state of extreme poverty or destitution; "their indigence appalled him"; "a general state of need exists among the homeless"
subtype: impecuniousness__pennilessness__pennilessnes__penuriousnes a state of lacking money
subtype: shakeout a financial condition that results in the elimination of marginally financed participants in an industry; "they glutted the market in order to cause a shakeout of their competitors"
subtype: wage_setter any financial condition or variable that serves to set wage rates
subtype: sanitary_condition the state of sanitation (clean or dirty)
subtype: sanitariness the state of being conducive to health
subtype: hygiene a condition promoting sanitary practices; "personal hygiene"
subtype: asepsis__asepsi__antisepsis__sterility__sterileness__sterilenes (of non-living objects) the state of being free of pathogenic organisms
subtype: sanitation the state of being clean and conducive to health
subtype: unsanitariness a state that is not conducive to health
subtype: filthiness__filth__foulness__nastiness__nastines a state characterized by foul or disgusting dirt and refuse
subtype: dunghill a foul or degraded condition
subtype: cleanness.sanitary_condition__cleannes the state of being clean; without dirt or other impurities
subtype: spotlessness__immaculateness the state of being spotlessly clean
subtype: uncleanness__uncleannes__dirtines the state of being unsanitary
subtype: filth__dirt__grime__soil__stain__grease__grunge the state of being covered with unclean things
subtype: befoulment__defilement__pollution the state of being polluted
subtype: griminess__grimines__grubbines the state of being grimy
subtype: sordidness__squalor__squalidness__squalidnes sordid dirtiness
subtype: dinginess__dingines discoloration due to dirtiness
subtype: sootiness__sootines__smuttines the state of being dirty with soot
subtype: tilth the state of aggregation of soil and its condition for supporting plant growth
subtype: orderliness__order a condition of regular or proper arrangement: "he put his desk in order"; "the machine is now in working order"
subtype: spit_and_polish careful attention to order and appearance (as in the military)
subtype: kilter__kelter in working order; "out of kilter"; "in good kilter"
subtype: tidiness the habit of being tidy
subtype: spruceness__neatness the state of being neat and smart and trim
subtype: trimness__trim a state of arrangement or appearance: "in good trim"
subtype: disorderliness__disorder a condition in which things are not in their expected places: "the files are in complete disorder"
subtype: shambles a condition of great disorder
subtype: untidiness the condition of being untidy
subtype: sloppiness__slovenliness__unkemptness__unkemptnes untidiness in personal appearance
subtype: shagginess.sloppiness unkemptness of hair
subtype: muss__mess__messiness__messines__mussines a state of confusion and disorderliness; "the house was a mess"; "she smoothed the mussiness of the bed"
subtype: disorganization__disarrangement a condition in which an orderly system has been disrupted
subtype: jumble__clutter__muddle__mare's_nest__welter__smother a confused multitude of things
subtype: rummage a jumble of things to be given away
subtype: normality.state__normalcy being within certain limits that define the range of normal functioning
subtype: averageness the state of being that is average; indicates normality but with connotations of mediocrity
subtype: commonness__expectedness the state of being that is commonly observed
subtype: typicality the state of being that is typical
subtype: abnormalcy__abnormality__abnormal_condition an abnormal condition
subtype: acardia congenital absence of the heart (as in the development of some monsters)
subtype: acephalia__acephaly__acephalism absence of the head (as in the development of some monsters)
subtype: acorea absence of the pupil in an eye
subtype: acromicria__acromikria abnormally small extremities (underdeveloped fingers and toes)
subtype: acromphalus__acromphalu abnormal protrusion of the navel; sometimes the start of umbilical hernia
subtype: amastia absence of the mammary glands (either through surgery or developmental defect)
subtype: aneuploidy an abnormality involving a chromosome number that is not an exact multiple of the haploid number (one chromosome set is incomplete)
subtype: anorchism__anorchidism__anorchia absence of one of both testes
subtype: asynclitism__obliquity the presentation during labor of the head of the fetus at an abnormal angle
subtype: atresia an abnormal condition in which a normal opening or tube in the body (as the urethra) is closed or absent
subtype: brachytactyly__brachydactylia abnormal shortness of fingers and toes
subtype: cryptorchidy__cryptorchidism__cryptorchism failure of one or both testes to move into the scrotum as the male fetus develops
subtype: monorchism__monorchidism failure of one testes to descend into the scrotum
subtype: deviated_septum__deviatedseptum abnormal displacement of any wall that separates two chambers (usually in the nasal cavity)
subtype: deviated_nasal_septum abnormal shift in location of the nasal septum; a common condition causing obstruction of the nasal passages and difficulty in breathing and recurrent nosebleeds
subtype: dextrocardia abnormal condition where the heart is located toward the right side of the chest
subtype: ectrodactyly congenital abnormality involving the absence of some fingers or toes
subtype: erethism an abnormally high degree of irritability or sensitivity or excitability
subtype: fetal_distress__foetal_distress an abnormal condition of a fetus; usually discovered during pregnancy and characterized by an abnormal heart rhythm
subtype: hepatomegaly__megalohepatia abnormal enlargement of the liver
subtype: inversion.abnormalcy abnormal condition in which an organ is turned inward or inside out (as when the upper part of the uterus is pulled into the cervical canal after childbirth)
subtype: pneumothorax abnormal presence of air in the pleural cavity resulting in the collapse of the lung; may be spontaneous (due to injury to the chest) or induced (as a treatment for tuberculosis)
subtype: macrencephaly an abnormally large braincase
subtype: hydatid_mole__hydatidmole__hydatidiform_mole__molar_pregnancy__molarpregnancy an abnormality during pregnancy; chorionic villi around an aborting embryo degenerate and form clusters of fluid-filled sacs
subtype: hydramnios an abnormality of pregnancy; accumulation of excess amniotic fluid
subtype: hypervitaminosis an abnormal condition resulting from taking vitamins excessively; can be serious for vitamins A or D or K
subtype: hypospadias__hypospadia an abnormal condition in males in which the urethra opens on the under surface of the penis
subtype: lagophthalmos__lagophthalmo abnormal condition in which an eye cannot close completely
subtype: mental_abnormality any abnormality of mental function
subtype: organic_brain_syndrome__organicbrainsyndrome mental abnormality resulting from disturbance of the structure or function of the brain
subtype: nanophthalmos__nanophthalmo condition in which both eyes are abnormally small but otherwise normal
subtype: palmature an abnormality in which the fingers are webbed
subtype: dysplasia abnormal development (of organs or cells) or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth
subtype: aplasia failure of some tissue or organ to develop
subtype: fibrous_dysplasia_of_bone a disturbance in which bone that is undergoing lysis is replaced by an abnormal proliferation of fibrous tissue resulting in bone lesions or skin lesions
subtype: Albright's_disease__polyostotic_fibrous_dysplasia__polyostoticfibrousdysplasia fibrous dysplasia of bone affecting multiple bones
subtype: monostotic_fibrous_dysplasia fibrous dysplasia of bone confined to a single bone
subtype: hypertrophy abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ
subtype: adenomegaly gland enlargement
subtype: cor_pulmonale__corpulmonale enlargement of the right ventricle of the heart due to disease of the lungs or of the pulmonary blood vessels
subtype: dactylomegaly abnormally large fingers or toes
subtype: elephantiasis__elephantiasi hypertrophy of certain body parts (usually legs and scrotum); the end state of the disease filariasis
subtype: elephantiasis_neuromatosa__elephantiasisneuromatosa hypertrophy of a limb
subtype: elephantiasis_scroti__elephantiasisscroti__chyloderma swelling of the scrotum resulting from chronic lymphatic obstruction
subtype: nevoid_elephantiasis__pachyderma thickening of the skin (usually unilateral on an extremity) caused by congenital enlargement of lymph vessel and lymph vessel obstruction
subtype: splenomegaly an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
subtype: giantism__gigantism__overgrowth excessive size; usually caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland
subtype: acromegaly__acromegalia enlargement of bones of hands and feet and face; often accompanied by headache and muscle pain and emotional disturbances; caused by overproduction of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary gland (due to a tumor)
subtype: hyperplasia abnormal increase in number of cells
subtype: benign_prostatic_hyperplasia__BPH enlarged prostate; appears to be part of the natural aging process
subtype: hypoplasia underdevelopment of an organ because of a decrease in the number of cells
subtype: anaplasia loss of structural differentiation within a cell or group of cells often with increased capacity for multiplication, as in a malignant tumor
subtype: hydrocephalus__hydrocephalu__hydrocephaly an abnormal condition in which cerebrospinal fluid collects in the ventricles of the brain; in infants it can cause abnormally rapid growth of the head and bulging fontanelles and a small face; in adults the symptoms are primarily neurological
subtype: abrachia the condition of having no arms
subtype: progeria a rare abnormality marked by premature aging (gray hair and wrinkled skin and stooped posture) in a child
subtype: atypicality__untypicality any state that is not typical
subtype: arrested_development__fixation__infantile_fixation__infantilefixation__regression an abnormal state in which development has stopped prematurely
subtype: aberrance__aberrancy__aberration__deviance an aberrant state or condition
subtype: chromosomal_aberration__chromosomalaberration__chromosomal_anomaly__chromosomalanomaly__chrosomal_abnormality__chrosomalabnormality__chromosonal_disorder__chromosonaldisorder any change in the normal structure or number of chromosomes; often results in physical or mental abnormalities
subtype: monosomy chromosomal abnormality consisting of the absence of one chromosome from the normal diploid number
subtype: trisomy chrosomal abnormality in which there is one more than the normal number of chromosomes in a cell
subtype: mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21 a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
subtype: sex-linked_disorder any disease or abnormality that is determined by the sex hormones; "hemophilia is determined by a gene defect on an X chromosome"
subtype: hemophilia__haemophilia__bleeder's_disease__bleeder'sdisease congenital tendency to uncontrolled bleeding; usually affects males and is transmitted from mother to son
subtype: Turner's_syndrome a chromosomal disorder in females who have only one X chromosome; marked by dwarfism and heart abnormalities and underdeveloped sex organs
subtype: deflection__warp a twist or aberration; especially a perverse or abnormal way of judging or acting
subtype: cyclopia a developmental abnormality in which there is only one eye
subtype: spinal_curvature an abnormal curvature of the vertebral column
subtype: kyphosis__humpback__hunchback an abnormal backward curve to the vertebral column
subtype: lordosis__hollow-back an abnormal inward (forward) curvature of the vertebral column
subtype: scoliosis__scoliosi an abnormal lateral curve to the vertebral column
subtype: subnormality the state of being less than normal (especially with respect to intelligence)
subtype: anomalousness__anomalousnes deviation from the normal or common order or form or rule
subtype: birth_defect__birthdefect__congenital_anomaly__congenital_defect__congenital_disorder__congenital_abnormality a defect that is present at birth
subtype: ablepharia a congenital absence of eyelids (partial or complete)
subtype: albinism the congenital absence of pigmentation in the eyes and skin and hair
subtype: anencephaly__anencephalia a defect in brain development resulting in small or missing brain hemispheres
subtype: ametria congenital absence of the uterus
subtype: color_blindness__colorblindnes__colour_blindness__color_vision_deficiency__colour_vision_deficiency genetic inability to distinguish differences in hue
subtype: epispadias a congenital abnormality in males in which the urethra is on the upper surface of the penis
subtype: clinocephaly__clinocephalism a congenital defect in which the top of the head is depressed (concave instead of convex)
subtype: clinodactyly a congenital defect in which one or more toes or fingers are abnormally positioned
subtype: macroglossia a congenital disorder characterized by an abnormally large tongue; often seen in cases of Down's syndrome
subtype: mongolism__mongolianism__Down's_syndrome__Down_syndrome__trisomy_21__trisomy21 a congenital disorder caused by having an extra 21st chromosome; results in a flat face and short stature and mental retardation
subtype: oxycephaly__acrocephaly a congenital abnormality of the skull; the top of the skull assumes a cone shape
subtype: cleft_lip__cleftlip__harelip__cheiloschisis__cheiloschisi a congenital cleft in the middle of the upper lip
subtype: cleft_palate__cleftpalate a congenital fissure of the hard palate
subtype: amelia congenital absence of an arm or leg
subtype: meromelia congenital absence of part of an arm or leg
subtype: adactylia__adactyly__adactylism congenital absence of fingers and/or toes
subtype: phocomelia__seal_limbs an abnormality of development in which the upper part of an arm or leg is missing so the hands or feet are attached to the body like stumps; rare condition that results from taking thalidomide during pregnancy
subtype: encephalocele protrusion of brain tissue through a congenital fissure in the skull
subtype: familial_hypercholesterolemia congenital disorder characterized by high levels of cholesterol and early development of atherosclerosis
subtype: meningocele a congenital anomaly of the central nervous system in which a sac protruding from the brain or the spinal meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid (but no nerve tissue)
subtype: myelomeningocele a congenital defect of the central nervous system in which a sac containing part of the spinal cord and its meninges protrude through a gap in the vertebral column; frequently accompanied by hydrocephalus and mental retardation
subtype: plagiocephaly congenital malformation of the skull in which the main axis of the skull is oblique
subtype: polysomy congenital defect of having one or more extra chromosomes in somatic cells
subtype: hermaphroditism congenital condition in which external genitalia and internal sex organs have both male and female characteristics
subtype: pseudohermaphroditism congenital condition in which a person has external genitalia of one sex and internal sex organs of the other sex
subtype: scaphocephaly congenital malformation of the skull which is long and narrow; frequently accompanied by mental retardation
subtype: congenital_heart_defect a birth defect involving the heart
subtype: septal_defect a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart
subtype: atrial_septal_defect an abnormal opening between the left and right atria of the heart
subtype: ventricular_septal_defect a common congenital heart defect; an abnormal opening in the septum dividing the ventricles allows blood to pass directly from the left to the right ventricle; large openings may cause congestive heart failure
subtype: tetralogy_of_Fallot__Fallot's_tetralogy__Fallot's_syndrome a congenital heart defect producing cyanosis; characterized by four symptoms: pulmonary stenosis and ventricular septal defect and malposition of the aorta over both ventricles and hypertrophy of the right ventricle
subtype: spina_bifida__spinabifida__rachischisis__schistorrhachis__schistorrhachi a not uncommon congenital defect in which a vertebra is malformed; unless several vertebrae are affected or there is myelomeningocele there are few symptoms; can be diagnosed by amniocentesis
subtype: spinocerebellar_disorder__spinocerebellardisorder any of several congenital disorders marked by degeneration of the cerebellum and spinal cord resulting in spasticity and ataxia
subtype: polydactyly__hyperdactyly birth defect (in humans) characterized by the presence of more than the normal number of fingers or toes
subtype: syndactyly__syndactylism birth defect (in humans) in which there is partial or total webbing connecting two or more fingers or toes
subtype: tongue_tie__ankyloglossia a congenital anomaly in which the mucous membrane under the tongue is too short limiting the mobility of the tongue
subtype: gynecomastia excessive development of the breasts in males; usually the result of hormonal imbalance or treatment with certain drugs (including some antihypertensives)
subtype: infantilism.abnormalcy an abnormal condition in which an older child or adult retains infantile characteristics
subtype: ateleiosis__ateliosis__ateliosi a form of infantilism characterized by physical underdevelopment but normal intelligence
subtype: macrocephaly__megacephaly__megalocephaly an abnormally large head; differs from hydrocephalus because there is no increased intracranial pressure and the overgrowth is symmetrical
subtype: microbrachia abnormally small arms
subtype: microcephaly__microcephalus__microcephalu__nanocephaly an abnormally small head and underdeveloped brain
subtype: pachycheilia an abnormal thickness of the lips
subtype: phimosis an abnormal tightness of the foreskin preventing retraction over the glans
subtype: sequela any abnormality following or resulting from a disease or injury or treatment; "paralysis is one of the sequelae of poliomyelitis"
subtype: strabismus__squint abnormal alignment of one or both eyes
subtype: cross-eye__crosseye__crossed_eye__crossedeye__convergent_strabismus__esotropia strabismus in which one or both eyes turn inward toward the nose
subtype: walleye__divergent_strabismus__exotropia strabismus in which one or both eyes are directed outward
subtype: torticollis__torticolli__wryneck an unnatural condition in which the head leans to one side because the neck muscles on that side are contracted
subtype: varix abnormally enlarged or twisted blood vessel or lymphatic vessel
subtype: varicosity varix or varicose condition in which a vein is swollen and tortuous
subtype: lactosuria presence of lactose in the urine; can occur during pregnancy or lactation
subtype: environmental_condition__environmentalcondition the state of the environment
subtype: climate__mood the prevailing psychological state; "the climate of opinion"; "the national mood had changed radically since the last election"
subtype: ambience__atmosphere__ambiance a particular environment or surrounding influence; "there was an atmosphere of excitement"
subtype: unsusceptibility__immunity the state of not being susceptible: "unsusceptibility to rust"
subtype: immunity.state__resistance (medicine) the condition in which an organism can resist disease
subtype: subservience the condition of being something that is useful in reaching an end or carrying out a plan; "all his actions were in subservience to the general plan"
subtype: susceptibility__susceptibleness__susceptiblenes the state of being susceptible; easily affected
subtype: wetness__wetnes the condition of containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water); "he confirmed the wetness of the paint"
subtype: dryness__drynes__waterlessnes__xerote the condition of not containing or being covered by a liquid (especially water)
subtype: safety.state the state of being safe; "the safety of the children"
subtype: danger.state the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury; "you are in no danger"; "there was widespread danger of disease"
subtype: tensity__tension__tenseness__tensenes__tautnes the physical condition of being stretched or strained; "it places great tension on the leg muscles"; "he could feel the tenseness of her body"
subtype: atonicity__atony__atonia__amyotonia lack of normal muscular tension or tonus
subtype: repair.state a formal way of referring to the condition of something; "the building was in good repair"
subtype: soundness__soundnes a state or condition free from damage or decay
subtype: mutism the condition of being unable or unwilling to speak
subtype: eye_condition__eyecondition the condition of the optical properties of the eye
subtype: unsoundness__unsoundnes a condition of damage or decay
subtype: iniquity__wickedness__darkness__dark absence of moral or spiritual values; "the powers of darkness"
subtype: light.state__illumination a condition of spiritual awareness; divine illumination; "follow God's light"
subtype: malady any unwholesome or desperate condition; "what maladies afflict our nation?"
subtype: serration.state the condition of being serrated; "the serrations of a city skyline"
subtype: fruition the condition of bearing fruit
subtype: impaction.state the condition of being pressed closely together and firmly fixed
subtype: rustication.state the condition naturally attaching to life in the country
subtype: perfect_condition__perfectcondition
subtype: worn
subtype: conditionality the state of being conditional
subtype: state_of_affairs__situation the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time; "the present international situation is dangerous"; "wondered how such a state of affairs had come about"; "eternal truths will be neither true nor eternal unless they have fresh meaning for every new social situation"- Franklin D.Roosevelt
subtype: relationship a state of connectedness between people (especially an emotional connection); "he didn't want his wife to know of the relationship"
subtype: relationship.state a state involving mutual dealings between people or parties or countries
subtype: tribalism.state the state of living together in tribes
subtype: utopia ideally perfect state; especially in its social and political and moral aspects
subtype: dystopia state in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror
subtype: wild__natural_state__naturalstate__state_of_nature a wild primitive state untouched by civilization; "he lived in the wild"
subtype: isomerism the state of being an isomer; the complex of chemical and physical phenomena characteristic of isomers
subtype: degree.state__level__stage__point a specific identifiable position in a continuum or series or especially in a process; "a remarkable degree of frankness"; "at what stage are the social sciences?"
subtype: office.state__power (of a government or government official) holding an office means being in power; "being in office already gives a candidate a great advantage"; "during his first year in power"
subtype: status__position the relative position or standing of things or especially persons in a society: "he had the status of a minor"; "the novel attained the status of a classic"; "atheists do not enjoy a favorable position in American life"
subtype: beingness__beingnes__existence the state or fact of existing: "a point of view gradually coming into being"; "laws in existence for centuries"
subtype: nonbeing the state of not being
subtype: death.state the absence of life or state of being dead; "he seemed more content in death than he had ever been in life"
subtype: employ__employment the state of being employed or having a job; "they are looking for employment"; "he was in the employ of the city"
subtype: unemployment the state of being unemployed or not having a job: "unemployment is a serious social evil"; "the rate of unemployment is an indicator of the health of an economy"
subtype: order.state established customary state (especially of society); "order ruled in the streets"; "law and order"
subtype: disorder a disturbance of the peace or of public order
subtype: enmity__hostility__antagonism a state of deep-seated ill-will
subtype: conflict.state a state of opposition between persons or ideas or interests; "his conflict of interest made him ineligible for the post"; "a conflict of loyalties"
subtype: illumination the degree of visibility of your environment
subtype: freedom the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints
subtype: representation.state__delegacy__agency the state of serving as an official and authorized delegate or agent
subtype: dependance__dependence__dependency lack of independence or self-sufficiency
subtype: motionlessness__stillness__stillnes a state of no motion or movement
subtype: non-issue__nonissue__dead_letter the state of something that has outlived its relevance
subtype: action.state__activity__activeness the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action"
subtype: inaction.state__inactivity__inactiveness the state of being inactive
subtype: temporary_state__temporarystate a state that continues for a limited time
subtype: imminence__imminency__impendence__impendency__forthcomingness the state of being imminent and liable to happen soon
subtype: preparedness__readiness__readines the state of being ready or prepared for use or action (especially military action); "putting them in readiness"
subtype: kalemia the presence of potassium in the circulating blood
subtype: union.state the state of being united; "there is strength in union"
subtype: matureness__maturity state of being mature; full development
subtype: immaturity__immatureness not having reached maturity
subtype: state_of_grace__grace__saving_grace a state of sanctification by God
subtype: eternal_damnation__eternaldamnation__damnation the state of being condemned to eternal punishment in Hell
subtype: omniscience the state of being omniscient; having infinite knowledge
subtype: omnipotence the state of being omnipotent; having unlimited power
subtype: flawlessness__perfection__ne_plus_ultra the state of being without a flaw or defect
subtype: unity__integrity__wholeness__wholenes an unreduced or unbroken completeness or totality
subtype: imperfection__imperfectness__imperfectnes the state or an instance of being imperfect
subtype: receivership.state the state of property that is in the hands of a receiver; "the business is in receivership"
subtype: ownership.state the state or fact of being an owner
subtype: end.state__destruction__death a final state; "he came to a bad end"; "the so-called glorious experiment came to an inglorious end"
subtype: sale.state the state of being purchasable; offered or exhibited for selling; "vitamin C is on sale at most pharmacies"; "the new line of cars will soon be on sale"
subtype: turgor (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
subtype: polyvalence__polyvalency__multivalence__mulltivalency the state of being polyvalent
subtype: feeling the state of experiencing affective and emotional states; "he had a feeling of euphoria"
subtype: cognitive_process__cognitiveproces__process__proces__cognitive_operation__cognitiveoperation__act the performance of some composite cognitive activity; an operation that affects mental contents; "the process of thinking"; "the act of remembering"
subtype: unconscious_process__unconsciousproces__process__proces a mental process that you are not directly aware of; "the process of denial"
subtype: human_action__humanaction__act__human_activity__humanactivity something that people do or cause to happen
subtype: phenomenon any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning
subtype: event something that happens at a given place and time
subtype: strongly_non-empty_perdurant_class__NEP.S this kind of perdurant have at least two instances not related by a part relation
subtype: cumulative_perdurant_class__CM a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant is of this kind of perdurant
subtype: anticumulative_perdurant_class__CM~ a "sum" of instances of this kind of perdurant (unconnected by a part relation) is not of this kind of perdurant
subtype: homeomerous_perdurant_class__homeomerousperdurantclas__hom any part is of the same type
subtype: anti-homeomerous_perdurant_class__HOM~ no part is of the same type
subtype: atomic_perdurant_class__AT no perdurant of this kind has a proper part
subtype: anti-atomic_perdurant_class__AT~ any perdurant of this kind has a proper part
instance: situation something that "occurs" in a real/imaginary region of time and space
subtype: attribute_class__attributeclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#Attribute
subtype: substance_class__substanceclas class that has for instances subclasses of sumo#substance
subtype: virtual_class__virtualclas class that should not be used directly: its subtypes should be used instead
instance: class_of_inheritable_relation_type (pm)
instance: thing__something___T__t___3D_or_4D_thing_or_anything_else any category (type or individual) is instance of this type; any type is also a subtype of this type
instance: nothing (pm)
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