pm#non_spatial_object_that_is_not_an_attribute_or_quality_or_measure
closed_exclusion: attribute_or_quality_or_measure
supertype: non_spatial_object__nonspatialobject abstraction or description content/medium/container (a description medium that has some spatial feature is both instance of sumo#object and pm#non_spatial_object
subtype: description_content/medium/container__descriptioncontent/medium/container
subtype: description description (content/medium) of an entity or a situation
subtype: form__abstract_independent_thing click here for details
subtype: schema__abstract_independent_continuant click here for details
subtype: script__abstract_independent_occurrent click here for details
subtype: description_content__descriptioncontent__information e.g., a narration, an hypothesis
subtype: knowledge_representation__knowledgerepresentation what a formal/semi-formal statement expresses
subtype: proposition__abstract_relative_thing___situation_description piece of information; this piece of information may be represented by content_bearing_object(s) such as a string, a sound or an icon; click here for details
subtype: description__abstract_relative_continuant click here for details
subtype: history__abstract_relative_occurrent click here for details
instance: "cats are furry animals" "most cats are furry animals"
subtype: intention__abstract_mediating_thing click here for details
subtype: reason__abstract_mediating_continuant click here for details
subtype: purpose__abstract_mediating_occurrent click here for details
subtype: fact
subtype: narration report, story, biography, etc.
subtype: fact_generalization description generalizing facts or ideas
subtype: description_with_KADS_inference_structure dataflow graph of "inferences" (tasks) the inputs/outputs of which are described by "roles"
subtype: role
subtype: hypothesis
subtype: observable
subtype: finding
subtype: complaint
subtype: norm
subtype: difference
subtype: discrepancy_class__discrepancyclas
subtype: diagnosis_result__diagnosisresult
subtype: parameter
subtype: system_model
subtype: historical_data
subtype: description
subtype: subject_matter__subjectmatter__message__content__substance what a communication that is about something is about
subtype: body.subject_matter the central message of a communication; "the body of the message was short"
subtype: corker.subject_matter (slang) a remarkable or astounding message; "that story was a corker"
subtype: reminder.subject_matter a message that helps you remember something; "he ignored his wife's reminders"
subtype: phylactery (Judaism) a small leather case containing religious texts; worn by Jewish men during morning prayer
subtype: request__petition a formal message requesting something submitted to an authority
subtype: application.request a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or admission to a school; "December 31 is the deadline for applications"
subtype: job_application__jobapplication an application for a job
subtype: credit_application an application for a line of credit
subtype: loan_application an application to borrow money
subtype: mortgage_application an application for a mortgage loan
subtype: patent_application an application for sole rights to an invention
subtype: ingathering__solicitation__appeal__collection request for a sum of money; "an appeal to raise money for starving children"
subtype: whip-round (British) solicitation of money usually for a benevolent purpose
subtype: demand.request an urgent or peremptory request; "his demands for attention were unceasing"
subtype: challenge.demand a demand by a sentry for a password or identification
subtype: ultimatum a final peremptory demand
subtype: insisting__insistence continual and persistent demands
subtype: duty_call__call__claim a demand especially in the phrase "the call of duty"
subtype: requisition the act of requiring; an authoritative request or demand (especially by a military or public authority that takes something over (usually temporarily) for military or public use)
subtype: card_call__call a demand for a show of hands in a card game; "after two raises there was a call"
subtype: margin_call__call a demand by a broker that a customer deposit enough to bring his margin up to the minimum requirement
subtype: wage_claim__pay_claim__payclaim the wage demanded from management for workers by their union representatives
subtype: memorial a written statement of facts submitted in conjunction with a petition to a an authority
subtype: latent_content (psychoanalysis) hidden meaning of a fantasy or dream
subtype: subject__topic__theme the subject matter of a conversation or discussion; "he didn't want to discuss that subject"; "it was a very sensitive topic"; "his letters were always on the theme of love"
subtype: precedent a subject mentioned earlier (preceding in time)
subtype: question.subject__head the subject matter at issue; "the question of disease merits serious discussion"; "under the head of minor Roman poets"
subtype: problem a question raised for consideration or solution; "our homework consisted of ten problems to solve"
subtype: puzzler__puzzle__mystifier a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution; "he loved to solve chessmate puzzles"; "that's a real puzzler"
subtype: case.problem a problem requiring investigation; "Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir"
subtype: homework_problem a problem that students are assigned to do outside of class
subtype: conundrum__riddle__enigma__brain-teaser__brainteaser a difficult problem
subtype: stumper__toughie__sticker a particularly difficult or baffling question or problem
subtype: Gordian_knot.problem__gordianknot any very difficult problem; insoluble in its own terms
subtype: crossword_puzzle__crosswordpuzzle a puzzle in which words corresponding to numbered clues are to be found and written in to squares in the puzzle
subtype: word_square__acrostic a puzzle where you fill a square grid with words reading the same down as across
subtype: pons_asinorum a problem that severely tests the ability of an inexperienced person
subtype: rebus__rebu a puzzle where you decode a message consisting of pictures representing syllables and words
subtype: question_of_fact__matter_of_fact a disputed factual contention that is generally left for a jury to decide
subtype: question_of_law__matter_of_law a disputed legal contention that is generally left for a judge to decide
subtype: keynote.subject the principal theme in a speech or literary work
subtype: digression__aside__excursus__divagation__parenthesis__parenthesi a message that departs from the main subject
subtype: signification__meaning__significance__import the message that is intended or expressed
subtype: lexical_meaning__lexicalmeaning the meaning of a word that depends on the nonlinguistic concepts it is used to express
subtype: grammatical_meaning__grammaticalmeaning the meaning of a word that depends on its role in a sentence; varies with inflectional form
subtype: symbolization__symbolisation the use of symbols to convey meaning
subtype: signified__sense the meaning of a word or expression; the way in which a word or expression or situation can be interpreted; "the dictionary gave several senses for the word"; "in the best sense charity is really a duty"; "the signifier is linked to the signified"
subtype: word_meaning__word_sense__acceptation the meaning of a word
subtype: intension__connotation what you must know in order to determine the reference of an expression
subtype: referent something referred to; the object of a reference
subtype: antecedent.referent the referent of an anaphor; a phrase or clause that is referred to by an anaphoric pronoun
subtype: denotatum a actual object referred to by a linguistic expression
subtype: designatum something (whether existing or not) that is referred to by a linguistic expression
subtype: gist__effect__essence__core the central meaning or theme of a speech or literary work
subtype: intent__purport__spirit the intended meaning of a communication
subtype: moral__lesson the significance of a story or event; "the moral of the story is to love thy neighbor"
subtype: nuance__nicety__shade__subtlety__refinement a subtle difference in meaning or opinion or attitude
subtype: overtone (usually plural) an ulterior implicit meaning or quality; "overtones of despair"
subtype: point.signification a brief version of the essential meaning of something; "get to the point"; "he missed the point of the joke"; "life has lost its point"
subtype: bottom_line the decisive point
subtype: crux_of_the_matter__crux the most important point
subtype: alpha_and_omega__alphaandomega the basic meaning of something; the crucial part
subtype: rallying_point a point or principle on which scattered or opposing groups can come together
subtype: talking_point__talkingpoint an especially persuasive point helping to support an argument or discussion
subtype: nonsense__nonsensicality__meaninglessness__meaninglessnes a message that seems to convey no meaning
subtype: absurdity__absurdness__ridiculousness a message whose content is at variance with reason
subtype: amphigory__nonsense_verse nonsensical writing (usually verse)
subtype: balderdash__fiddle-faddle__piffle trivial nonsense
subtype: buzzword__cant stock phrases that have become nonsense through endless repetition
subtype: fa_la__fal_la__falla meaningless syllables in the refrain of a part-song
subtype: gibberish__gibber unintelligible talking
subtype: abracadabra gibberish and nonsense
subtype: babble__babbling__lallation gibberish resembling the sounds of a baby
subtype: blather__blatherskite foolish gibberish
subtype: double_Dutch (colloquial British) incomprehensible talk
subtype: double_talk deliberately unintelligible gibberish
subtype: jabber__jabbering__gabble rapid and indistinct speech
subtype: mumbo_jumbo language that is unnecessarily difficult to understand
subtype: incoherency__unintelligibility nonsense that is simply incoherent and unintelligible
subtype: word_salad jumble of incoherent speech as sometimes heard in schizophrenia
subtype: jabberwocky nonsensical language (according to Lewis Carroll)
subtype: mummery__flummery meaningless ceremonies and flattery
subtype: hot_air__hotair__palaver__empty_words__emptyword__empty_talk__emptytalk__rhetoric loud and confused and empty talk; "mere rhetoric"
subtype: rigamarole__rigmarole a set of confused and meaningless statements
subtype: stuff_and_nonsense__stuffandnonsense__stuff__hooey__poppycock senseless talk; "don't give me that stuff"
subtype: baloney__boloney__bilgewater__bosh__drool__humbug__taradiddle__tarradiddle__tommyrot__tosh__twaddle pretentious or silly talk or writing
subtype: drivel a worthless message
subtype: bullshit__bull__Irish_bull__horseshit__shit__crap__bunk__bunkum__buncombe__guff__rot__hogwash__dogshit a ludicrously false statement
subtype: chickenshit a false statement that is considered to indicate timidity or fear
subtype: folderol__rubbish__tripe__trumpery__trash__wishwash__applesauce__codswallop nonsensical talk or writing
subtype: pap worthless or oversimplified ideas
subtype: acknowledgment__acknowledgement a statement acknowledging something or someone
subtype: receipt an acknowledgment (usually tangible) that payment has been made
subtype: ticket_stub__stub a torn part of a ticket returned to the holder as a receipt
subtype: rain_check.ticket_stub__raincheck a ticket stub entitling the holder to admission to a future event if the scheduled event was cancelled due to rain
subtype: bill_of_lading__waybill a receipt from the carrier for the goods being shipped
subtype: pawn_ticket a pawnbroker's receipt for articles taken as security
subtype: word_of_farewell__farewell an acknowledgment or expression of goodwill at parting
subtype: adieu__adios__adio__arrivederci__auf_wiedersehen__aufwiedersehen__au_revoir__bye__bye-bye__byebye__cheerio__good-by__goodby__good-bye__goodbye__good_day__sayonara__so_long a farewell remark; "they said their good-byes"
subtype: bon_voyage__bonvoyage__send-off an organized expression of goodwill at the start of a trip or new venture
subtype: good_morning__morning a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_afternoon__afternoon a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_night a conventional expression of farewell
subtype: greeting__salutation (usually plural) an acknowledgment or expression of good will (especially on meeting)
subtype: well-wishing an expression of good will from one person to another; "much hand-shaking and well-wishing"
subtype: compliments__regard__wish (usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare; "give him my kind regards"; "my best wishes"
subtype: reception.greeting the manner in which something is greeted; "she did not expect the cold reception she received from her superiors"
subtype: hail.greeting enthusiastic greeting
subtype: pax__kiss_of_peace (Roman Catholic) a greeting signifying Christian love for those assisting at the Eucharist
subtype: welcome a greeting or reception; "the proposal got a warm welcome"
subtype: cordial_reception__cordialreception__hospitality kindness in welcoming guests or strangers
subtype: inhospitality unkind and inconsiderate welcome; "he was taken aback by such inhospitality"
subtype: glad_hand a warm welcome; may be insincere
subtype: salute an act of greeting with friendly words and gestures like bowing or lifting the hat
subtype: hello__hullo__hi__howdy__howdoyoudo an expression of greeting; "every morning they exchanged polite hellos"
subtype: good_morning__morning a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: good_afternoon__afternoon a conventional expression of greeting or farewell
subtype: military_greeting__salute a formal military gesture of respect
subtype: calling_card__callingcard__visiting_card__card a written greeting that is left to indicate that you have visited
subtype: aloha__ciao an acknowledgment that can be used to say hello or goodbye (aloha is Hawaiian; ciao is Italian)
subtype: handshake__shake__handshaking__handclasp grasping and shaking a person's hand (as to acknowledge an introduction or to agree on a contract)
subtype: apology an expression of regret at having caused trouble for someone; "he wrote a letter of apology to the hostess"
subtype: mea_culpa__meaculpa an acknowledgment of your error or guilt
subtype: condolence__commiseration an expression of sympathy with another's grief; "they sent their condolences"
subtype: congratulation__felicitation acknowledgement that someone has an occasion for celebration
subtype: regrets__regret__refusal__declination the polite declining of an invitation
subtype: admission.acknowledgment an acknowledgment of the truth of something
subtype: confession.admission an admission of misdeeds or faults
subtype: self-accusation__self-condemnation an admission that you have failed to do or be something you know you should do or be
subtype: thanks.acknowledgment an acknowledgment of appreciation
subtype: appreciation.thanks an expression of gratitude; "he expressed his appreciation in a short note"
subtype: thank_you a conversational expression of gratitude
subtype: curtain_call__curtaincall__bow an appearance by actors or performers at the end of the concert or play in order to acknowledge the applause of the audience
subtype: info__information a message received and understood that reduces the recipient's uncertainty
subtype: factoid.info something resembling a fact; unverified (often invented) information that is given credibility because it appeared in print
subtype: misinformation information that is incorrect
subtype: material information (data or ideas or observations) that can be reworked into a finished form; "the archives provided rich material for a definitive biography"
subtype: rehash old material that is slightly reworked and used again; "merely a dull rehash of his first novel"
subtype: copy.material material suitable for a journalistic account; "catastrophes make good copy"
subtype: details__detail__inside_information true confidential information; "after the trial he gave us the real details"
subtype: poop__dope__the_skinny__theskinny__low-down__lowdown slang terms for inside information; "is that the straight dope?"
subtype: fact.info a statement or assertion of verified information about something that is the case or has happened; "he supported his argument with an impressive array of facts"
subtype: recordbook__record__book a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone; "Al Smith used to say, `Let's look at the record'"; "his name is in all the recordbooks"
subtype: logbook a book in which the log is written
subtype: bell_book a logbook in which all orders concerning the main engines of a ship are recorded
subtype: won-lost_record (sports) a record of win versus losses
subtype: scorecard__card a record of scores (as in golf); "you have to turn in your card to get a handicap"
subtype: basics__rudiments__rudiment a statement of fundamental facts or principles
subtype: index_number__indexnumber__index__indicant__indicator a number or ratio (a value on a scale of measurement) derived from a series of observed facts; can reveal relative changes as a function of time
subtype: business_index a statistical compilation that provides a context for economic or financial conditions; "this business index is computed relative to the base year of 1995"
subtype: leading_indicator__leadingindicator one of 11 indicators for different sections of the economy; used by the Department of Commerce to predict economic trends in the near future
subtype: price_index__priceindex__price_level__pricelevel an index that traces the relative changes in the price of an individual good (or a market basket of goods) over time
subtype: retail_price_index an index of changes in retail prices
subtype: producer_price_index__wholesale_price_index__wholesalepriceindex an index of changes in wholesale prices
subtype: consumer_price_index__CPI__cost-of-living_index an index of the cost of all goods and services to a typical consumer
subtype: short_account__shortaccount the aggregate of short sales on an open market
subtype: stock_index__stockindex__stock_market_index index based on a statistical compilation of the share prices of a number of representative stocks
subtype: Dow_Jones__Dow-Jones_Industrial_Average an indicator of stock market prices; based on the share values of 30 leading companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
subtype: Standard_and_Poor's_Index__Standard_and_Poor's a broadly based stock market index
subtype: data_format__format__formatting__data_formatting the organization of information according to preset specifications (usually for computer processing)
subtype: high-level_formatting (computer science) the format for the root directory and the file allocation tables and other basic configurations
subtype: low-level_formatting__lowlevelformatting__initialization__initialisation (computer science) the format of sectors on the surface of a hard disk drive so that the operating system can access them and setting a starting position
subtype: purpose_related_format__purposerelatedformat
subtype: executable_format
subtype: bin
subtype: exe
subtype: archive_format__archiveformat
subtype: tar
subtype: gtar
subtype: shar
subtype: sit
subtype: hqx
subtype: compressed_data_format
subtype: zip
subtype: gz
subtype: Z
subtype: media_dependant_format__mediadependantformat
subtype: gen (British) informal term for information; "give me the gen on your new line of computers"
subtype: database an organized body of related information
subtype: listing__list a database containing an ordered array of items (names or topics)
subtype: agendum__agenda__order_of_business a list of matters to be taken up (as at a meeting)
subtype: order_of_the_day the order of business for an assembly on a given day
subtype: order_paper__order_book__orderbook a printed copy of the order of the day
subtype: bibliography a list of writings with time and place of publication (such as the writings of a single author or the works referred to in preparing a document etc.)
subtype: bill.listing a list of particulars (as a playbill or bill of fare)
subtype: bill_of_fare__menu__card__carte_du_jour__carte a list of dishes available at a restaurant; "the menu was in French"
subtype: a_la_carte a menu having individual dishes listed with separate prices
subtype: prix_fixe a menu listing fixed meals at fixed prices
subtype: table_d'hote__tabled'hote a menu offering a complete meal with limited choices at a fixed price
subtype: playbill a theatrical program; "he couldn't find her name on the playbill"
subtype: blacklist__black_book__blackbook a list of people who are out of favor
subtype: calendar a list or register of events (appointments or social events or court cases etc); "I have you on my calendar for next Monday"
subtype: docket (law) the calendar of a court; the list of cases to be tried or a summary of the court's activities
subtype: calorie_chart__caloriechart a list of foods and information about their caloric content
subtype: canon.listing a complete list of saints that have been recognized by the Roman Catholic Church
subtype: catalogue__catalog a complete list of things; usually arranged systematically; "it does not pretend to be a catalogue of his achievements"
subtype: card_catalog__card_catalogue an enumeration of all the resources of a library
subtype: parts_catalog__partscatalog__parts_catalogue__partscatalogue a list advertising parts for machinery along with prices
subtype: seed_catalog__seed_catalogue a list advertising seeds and their prices
subtype: character_set__characterset an ordered list of characters that are used together in writing or printing
subtype: alphabet a character set that includes letters
subtype: phonetic_alphabet__sound_alphabet__soundalphabet an alphabet of characters intended to represent specific sounds of speech
subtype: visible_speech.phonetic_alphabet__visiblespeech a phonetic alphabet invented by Alexander Melville Bell in the 19th century
subtype: manual_alphabet__finger_alphabet an alphabet used by the deaf; letters are represented by finger positions
instance: Roman_alphabet Hebrew_alphabet__Hebraic_alphabet__Aramaic_alphabet Greek_alphabet Cyrillic_alphabet__Cyrillic Arabic_alphabet
subtype: alphanumerics__alphanumeric a character set that includes letters and digits and punctuation marks
instance: ASCII_character_set
subtype: checklist a list of items (names or tasks etc.) to be checked or consulted
subtype: class_list__classlist__honours_list__honourslist (British) a list issued by examiners that categorizes students according to the class of honours they achieved in their degree examinations
subtype: codex.listing an official list of chemicals or medicines etc.
subtype: table_of_contents__contents a list of divisions (chapters or articles) and the pages on which they start
subtype: corrigenda a list of printing errors in a book along with their corrections
subtype: criminal_record__record a list of crimes for which an accused person has been previously convicted; "he ruled that the criminal record of the defendant could not be disclosed to the court"; "the prostitute had a record a mile long"
subtype: directory.listing (computer science) a listing of the files stored in memory (usually on a hard disk)
subtype: subdirectory (computer science) a directory that is listed in another directory
subtype: distribution_list list of names to whom a communication should be sent
subtype: enumeration__numbering a numbered list
subtype: free_list a list of commodities that are not subject to tariffs
subtype: grocery_list.listing__grocerylist__shoppinglist a list of heterogenous items that someone wants; "the union came to the table with a whole grocery list of demands"
subtype: hit_list__hitlist a list of victims to be eliminated (as by murder)
subtype: index.listing an alphabetical listing of names and topics along with page numbers where they are discussed
subtype: concordance an index of all main words in a book along with their immediate contexts
subtype: key.listing a list of words or phrases that explain symbols or abbreviations
subtype: key_word.key__keyword a word that is used as a pattern to decode an encrypted message
subtype: stock_list__stocklist__inventory a detailed list of all the items in stock
subtype: parts_inventory__partsinventory an inventory of replacement parts
subtype: mailing_list__mailinglist a list of names and addresses to which advertising material is mailed
subtype: IS_mailing_list
subtype: KM_mailing_list
subtype: CG_mailing_list
subtype: FCA_mailing_list
subtype: computer_menu__menu (computer science) a list of options available to a computer user
subtype: hierarchical_menu__cascading_menu__cascadingmenu__submenu (computer science) a secondary menu that appears while you are holding the cursor over an item on the primary menu
subtype: necrology a list of people who died recently
subtype: portfolio.listing a list of the financial assets held by an individual or a bank or other financial institution
subtype: posting (bookkeeping) a listing on the company's records; "the posting was made in the cash account"
subtype: price_list__pricelist a listing of prices for different goods or services
subtype: push-down_list__push-down_stack__stack a list in which the next item to be removed is the item most recently stored (LIFO)
subtype: queue.listing (information processing) an ordered list of tasks to be performed or messages to be transmitted
subtype: push-down_queue a last-in first-out kind of queue (LIFO)
subtype: roster__roll a list of names; "his name was struck off the rolls"
subtype: batting_order__battingorder__card__lineup (baseball) a list of batters in the order in which they will bat; "the managers presented their cards to the umpire at home plate"
subtype: death-roll__deathroll a list of persons killed in a war or other disaster
subtype: muster_roll a list of names of officers and men in a military unit or ship's company
subtype: church_roll a list of the members of church
subtype: rota (British) a roster of names showing the order in which people should perform certain duties
subtype: waiting_list__waitinglist a roster of those waiting to obtain something
subtype: schedule an ordered list of times at which things are planned to occur
subtype: network_programming the schedule of programs to be broadcast on a network
subtype: timetable.schedule a schedule of times of arrivals and departures
subtype: timetable a schedule listing events and the times at which they will take place
subtype: shopping_list a list of items to be purchased
subtype: grocery_list__grocerylist a list of groceries to be purchased
subtype: short_list__shortlist (British) a list of applicants who have been deemed suitable and from which the successful person will be chosen
subtype: sick_list a list of those who are ill (e.g. on a warship or in a regiment etc)
subtype: slate.listing a list of candidates to be considered for nomination or election to public offices
subtype: wish_list a list of events that you wish would occur
subtype: electronic_database__on-line_database__computer_database__electronic_information_service (computer science) a database that can be accessed by computers
subtype: relational_database a database in which relations between information items are explicitly specified as accessible attributes; "in a relational database the data are organized as a number of differently sized tables"
subtype: Medical_Literature_Analysis_and_Retrieval_System__MEDLARS relational database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine for the storage and retrieval of bibliographical information concerning the biomedical literature
subtype: object-oriented_database a database in which the operations carried out on information items (data objects) are considered part of their definition
subtype: lexical_database__lexicaldatabase a database of information about words
subtype: machine_readable_dictionary__MRD__electronic_dictionary a machine-readable version of a standard dictionary; organized alphabetically
subtype: WordNet (trademark) a machine-readable lexical database organized by meanings; developed at Princeton University
subtype: wordnet any of the machine-readable lexical databases modeled after the Princeton WordNet
subtype: subdata_base__subdatabase a subset of data in a database that are used in a specific application
subtype: tidings__tiding__news__intelligence__word new information about specific and timely events; "they awaited news of the outcome"
subtype: good_word good news
subtype: update news that updates your information
subtype: news new information of any kind; "it was news to me"
subtype: nuts_and_bolts detailed practical information about how something works or how something can be accomplished
subtype: intelligence.info secret information about an enemy (or potential enemy); "we sent out planes to gather intelligence on their radar coverage"
subtype: confirmation information that confirms or verifies
subtype: reinforcement__reenforcement information that makes more forcible or convincing; "his gestures provided eloquent reinforcement for his complaints"
subtype: corroboration__documentation__certification confirmation that some fact or statement is true
subtype: insider_information__insiderinformation important information about the plans or condition of a corporation that has not been released to the public; use for personal profit is illegal
subtype: arcanum__secret information known only to a special group; "the secret of Cajun cooking"
subtype: esoterica secrets known only to an initiated minority
subtype: cabala__cabbala__cabbalah__kabala__kabbala__kabbalah an esoteric or occult matter that is traditionally secret
subtype: password__watchword__word__parole__countersign a secret word or phrase known only to a restricted group; "he forgot the password"
subtype: secret something that should remain hidden from others (especially information that is not to be passed on); "the combination to the safe was a secret"; "he tried to keep his drinking a secret"
subtype: confidence.secret a secret that is confided or entrusted to another; "everyone trusted him with their confidences"; "the priest could not reveal her confidences"
subtype: open_secret something that is supposed to be secret but is generally known; "their love affair was an open secret"
subtype: trade_secret__tradesecret a secret (method or device or formula) that gives a manufacturer an advantage over the competition
subtype: propaganda information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
subtype: agitprop political propaganda (especially Communist propaganda) communicated via art and literature and cinema
subtype: course_of_study__program__curriculum__syllabus a course of academic studies; "he was admitted to a new program at the university"
subtype: reading_program a program designed to teach literacy skills
subtype: degree_program a course of study leading to an academic degree
subtype: news.info information reported in a newspaper or news magazine; "the news of my death was greatly exaggerated"
subtype: business_news news about businesses and investments
subtype: news_report__report__story__write_up__writeup a short account of the news; "the report of his speech"; "the story was on the 11 o'clock news"; "the account of his speech that was given on the evening news made the governor furious"
subtype: newsletter__newssheet report or open letter giving informal or confidential news of interest to a special group
subtype: market_letter a newsletter written by an analyst of the stock market and sold to subscribers
subtype: bulletin a brief report especially an official statement issued for immediate publication or broadcast
subtype: news_bulletin__newsflash__flash a short news announcement concerning some on-going news story
subtype: information_bulletin__informationbulletin a bulletin containing the latest information
subtype: communique__dispatch__despatch an official report (usually sent in haste)
subtype: exclusive__scoop a news report that is reported first by one news organization; "he got a scoop on the bribery of city officials"
subtype: newscast a broadcast of news
subtype: radio_news a radio broadcast of news
subtype: television_news a television broadcast of news
subtype: reporting__coverage__reportage the news as presented by reporters for newspapers or radio of television; "they accused the paper of biased coverage of race relations"
subtype: stop_press late news that is inserted into the newspaper at the last minute
subtype: evidence.info (law) all the means by which any alleged matter of fact whose truth is investigated at judicial trial is established or disproved
subtype: exhibit an object or statement produced before a court of law and referred to while giving evidence
subtype: testimony a solemn statement made under oath
subtype: witness.testimony testimony by word or deed to your religious faith
subtype: declaration.testimony unsworn statement in a legal transaction
subtype: affidavit__attestation written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath
subtype: corpus_delicti the body of evidence that constitute the offence; the objective proof that a crime has been committed (sometimes mistakenly thought to refer to the body of a homicide victim)
subtype: direct_evidence evidence (usually the testimony of a witness) directly related to the fact in dispute
subtype: circumstantial_evidence__indirect_evidence evidence providing only a basis for inference about the fact in dispute
subtype: corroborating_evidence__corroboratingevidence additional evidence or evidence of different kind that supports a proof already offered in a proceeding
subtype: hearsay_evidence__hearsayevidence evidence based on what someone has told the witness and not of direct knowledge
subtype: state's_evidence__state'sevidence evidence for the prosecution in criminal proceedings
subtype: tabular_matter__tabularmatter__tabulation information set out in tabular form
subtype: report__study a written document describing the findings of some individual or group; "this accords with the recent study by Hill and Dale"
subtype: case_study.report__casestudy a careful study of some social unit (as a corporation or division within a corporation) that attempts to determine what factors led to its success or failure
subtype: white_book__whitebook__white_paper__whitepaper a government report; bound in white
subtype: blue_book.report__bluebook a report published by the British government; bound in blue
subtype: progress_report__progressreport a report of work accomplished during a specified time period
subtype: medical_report__medicalreport a report of the results of a medical examination of a patient
subtype: PhD_thesis
subtype: stuff.info information in some unspecified form; "it was stuff I had heard before"; "there's good stuff in that book"
subtype: report_card__report a written evaluation of a student's scholarship and deportment; "his father signed his report card"
subtype: publication a printed work offered for distribution
subtype: reissue__reprint__reprinting a publication (such as a book) that is reprinted without changes or editing and offered again for sale
subtype: new_edition__newedition a publication (such as a book) that has been modified or updated and offered again for sale
subtype: book a copy of a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together); "I am reading a good book on economics"
subtype: authority.book an authoritative written work; "this book is the final authority on the life of Milton"
subtype: last_word an authoritative statement; "my doctor has the last word on the medicines I take"
subtype: trade_book__tradebook__tradeedition a book intended for general readership
subtype: best_seller a book that has had a large and rapid sale
subtype: bestiary a medieval book (usually illustrated) with allegorical and amusing descriptions of real and fabled animals
subtype: catechism.book an elementary book summarizing the principles of a Christian religion; written as questions and answers
subtype: tome a (usually) large and scholarly book
subtype: booklet__brochure__folder__leaflet__pamphlet a small book usually having a paper cover
subtype: blue_book a blue-covered booklet used in universities for writing examinations
subtype: ticket_book a book of tickets that can be torn out and used
subtype: textbook__text__text_edition__schoolbook__school_text a book prepared for use in schools or colleges; "his economics textbook is in its tenth edition"; "the professor wrote the text that he assigned students to buy"
subtype: crammer a textbook designed for cramming
subtype: introduction.textbook a basic or elementary instructional text
subtype: primer an introductory textbook
subtype: speller an introductory textbook to teach spelling
subtype: reader.textbook one of a series of texts for students learning to read
subtype: McGuffey_Eclectic_Readers readers that combined lessons in reading with moralistic messages
subtype: workbook a student's book or booklet containing problems with spaces for solving them
subtype: copybook a book containing models of good penmanship; used in teaching penmanship
subtype: appointment_book__appointmentbook__appointment_calendar__appointmentcalendar a book containing a calendar and space to keep a record of appointments
subtype: catalog__catalogue a book or pamphlet containing an enumeration of things; "he found it in the Sears catalog"
subtype: course_catalog__course_catalogue__prospectus a catalog listing the courses offered by a college or university
subtype: phrase_book a book containing common expressions in a foreign language along with their translations
subtype: prayer_book__prayerbook a book containing prayers
subtype: breviary (Roman Catholic Church) a book of prayers to be recited daily certain priests and members of religious orders
subtype: missal (Roman Catholic Church) a book containing all the prayers and responses needed to celebrate Mass throughout the year
subtype: Psalter__Book_of_Psalms a collection of Psalms for liturgical use
subtype: reference_book__referencebook__reference__reference_work__referencework__book_of_facts a book to which you can refer for authoritative facts; "he contributed articles to the basic reference work on that topic"
subtype: cookbook__cookery_book__cookerybook a book of recipes and cooking directions
subtype: instruction_book__instructionbook a book of directions for using or operating some piece of equipment
subtype: source_book a collection of historically important documents published together as a book
subtype: wordbook a reference book containing words (usually with their meanings)
subtype: dictionary__lexicon a reference book containing an alphabetical list of words with information about them
subtype: bilingual_dictionary__bilingualdictionary a dictionary giving equivalent words in two languages
subtype: desk_dictionary__deskdictionary__collegiate_dictionary an abridged dictionary of a size convenient to hold in the hand
subtype: etymological_dictionary a dictionary giving the historical origins of each word
subtype: gazetteer a geographical dictionary (as at the back of an atlas)
subtype: learner's_dictionary__learner'sdictionary__schooldictionary a dictionary specially written for those learning a foreign language
subtype: pocket_dictionary__little_dictionary a dictionary that is small enough to carry in your pocket
subtype: spell-checker__spellchecker__spelling_checker an electronic dictionary in a word processor that can be used to catch misspelled words
subtype: unabridged_dictionary a dictionary that is claimed to be complete
subtype: Oxford_English_Dictionary__O.E.D.__OED an unabridged dictionary constructed on historical principles
subtype: onomasticon a list of proper nouns naming persons or places
subtype: vocabulary a listing of the words used in some enterprise
subtype: glossary__gloss__glos an alphabetical list of technical terms in some specialized field of knowledge; usually published as an appendix to a text on that field
subtype: thesaurus__thesauru__synonym_finder__synonymfinder a book containing a classified list of synonyms
subtype: word_finder a thesaurus organized to help you find the word you want but cannot think of
subtype: handbook__enchiridion__vade_mecum a concise reference book providing specific information about a subject or location
subtype: manual a small handbook
subtype: consuetudinary__consuetudinal a manual describing the customs of a particular group (especially the ceremonial practices of a monastic order)
subtype: grimoire a manual of black magic (for invoking spirits and demons)
subtype: instruction_manual__instructionmanual__instructions__book_of_instructions__operating_instructions a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it
subtype: reference_manual__referencemanual a manual containing information organized in a summary manner
subtype: sex_manual__sexmanual a manual containing instruction in sexual techniques; intended to enhance the reader's sexual life
subtype: bible a book regarded as authoritative in its field
subtype: guidebook__guide something that offers basic information or instruction
subtype: field_guide a guidebook describing natural objects of some type that might be encountered in the field; "a field guide to mushrooms"
subtype: roadbook a guidebook describing the roads of a country; contains maps and (sometimes) a gazetteer
subtype: travel_guidebook__itinerary a guidebook for travelers
subtype: baedeker any of a series of travel guidebooks published by the German firm founded by Karl Baedeker
subtype: directory an alphabetical list of names and addresses
subtype: phonebook__telephonebook__telephone_directory__telephonedirectory a directory containing an alphabetical list of telephone subscribers and their telephone numbers
subtype: Yellow_Pages__yellow_pages a telephone directory or section of a directory (usually printed on yellow paper) where business products and services are listed alphabetically by field along with classified advertising
subtype: blue_book.directory__bluebook a register of persons who are socially prominent
subtype: yearbook__annual a reference book that is published regularly once every year
subtype: almanac an annual publication containing tabular information in a particular field or fields arranged according to the calendar of a given year
subtype: farmer's_calendar__almanac an annual publication including weather forecasts and other miscellaneous information arranged according to the calendar of a given year
subtype: ephemeris__ephemeri an annual publication containing tables that give the positions of the celestial bodies throughout the year; "today computers calculate the ephemerides"
subtype: atlas__atla__book_of_maps__map_collection__mapcollection a collection of maps in book form
subtype: dialect_atlas__dialectatla__linguisticatla an atlas showing the distribution of distinctive linguistic features
subtype: encyclopedia__cyclopedia__encyclopaedia__cyclopaedia a reference work (often in several volumes) containing articles on various topics (often arranged in alphabetical order) dealing with the entire range of human knowledge or with some particular specialty
subtype: book_of_knowledge an elementary encyclopedia dealing with general knowledge
subtype: review_copy a copy of a newly published book that is sent for review to a writer or periodical
subtype: songbook a book containing a collection of songs
subtype: hymnal__hymnbook__hymnary a songbook containing a collection of hymns
subtype: Das_Kapital__Capital a book written by Karl Marx (1867) describing his economic theories
instance: New_Latin_Utopia__Utopia
subtype: volume.publication a publication that is one of a set of several similar publications; "the third volume was missing"; "he asked for the 1989 volume of the Annual Review"
subtype: read something that is read; "the article was a very good read"
subtype: impression.publication__printing all the copies of a work printed at one time; "they ran off an initial printing of 2000 copies"
subtype: edition the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published
subtype: limited_edition__limitededition an edition that is restricted to a specific number of copies
subtype: variorum_edition__variorum an edition containing various versions of a text or notes by various scholars or editors
subtype: test_copy__proof (printing) a trial impression made to check for errors
subtype: galley_proof a proof taken before the type is broken up to print pages
subtype: foundry_proof__foundryproof a proof taken from a form before duplicate plates are made
subtype: mackle a printed impression that is blurred or doubled
subtype: collection__compendium a publication containing a variety of works
subtype: anthology a collection of selected literary passages
subtype: divan.anthology__diwan a collection of Persian or Arabic poems (usually by one author)
subtype: florilegium__garland an anthology of short literary pieces and poems and ballads etc.
subtype: archives collection of records especially about an institution
subtype: compilation__digest something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)
subtype: periodical a publication that appears at fixed intervals
subtype: digest a periodical that summarizes the news
subtype: pictorial a periodical (magazine or newspaper) containing many pictures
subtype: serial_publication__series__serial a periodical that appears at scheduled times
subtype: monthly a periodical that is published every month
subtype: quarterly a periodical that is published every quarter
subtype: weekly a periodical that is published every week
subtype: organ.periodical a periodical that is published by a special interest group; "the organ of the communist party"
subtype: house_organ a periodical published by a business firm for its employees and customers
subtype: issue.periodical__number one of a series published periodically; "she found an old issue of the magazine in her dentist's waitingroom"
subtype: edition.issue an issue of a newspaper; "he read it in yesterday's edition of the Times"
subtype: journal a periodical dedicated to a particular subject; "he reads the medical journals"
subtype: annals reports of the work of a society or learned body etc
subtype: review.periodical a periodical that publishes critical essays on current affairs or literature or art
subtype: literary_review a review devoted to literary criticism
subtype: dope_sheet__scratch_sheet__scratchsheet a racing publication giving information on horses
subtype: reference.publication__source a publication (or a passage from a publication) that is referred to; "he carried an armful of references back to his desk"; "he spent hours looking for the source of that quotation"
subtype: article nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication
subtype: newspaper_column__newspapercolumn__column__editorial an article giving opinions or perspectives
subtype: agony_column__agonycolumn a newspaper column devoted to personal problems
subtype: feature_article__featurearticle__feature a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine; "they ran a feature on retirement planning"
subtype: magazine_article an article published in a magazine
subtype: news_article__news_story__newspaper_article__newspaperarticle an article reporting news
subtype: lead_story__lead a news story of major importance
subtype: personal a short newspaper article about a particular person or group
subtype: sidebar a short news story presenting sidelights on a major story
subtype: offprint__reprint__separate a separately printed article that originally appeared in a larger publication
subtype: paper.article a scholarly article describing the results of observations or stating hypotheses; "he has written many scientific papers"
subtype: counsel__guidance__counseling__counselling__direction direction or advice as to a decision or course of action
subtype: career_counseling counseling on career opportunities
subtype: genetic_counseling__geneticcounseling counseling to advise prospective parents on the likelihood of genetic disorders in their future children
subtype: guideline guidance relative to setting standards or determining a course of action
subtype: marriage_counseling counseling on marital problems and disagreements
subtype: confidential_information__tip__steer__wind__hint an indication of potential opportunity; "he got a tip on the stock market"; "a good lead for a job"
subtype: commitment.subject_matter__dedication a message that makes a pledge
subtype: oath__swearing affirming the truth of a statement; to lie under oath is to become subject to prosecution for perjury
subtype: Hippocratic_oath an oath taken by physicians to observe medical ethics deriving from Hippocrates
subtype: affirmation.commitment a solemn declaration that serves the same purpose as an oath (if an oath is objectionable to the person on religious or ethical grounds)
subtype: profession.affirmation affirmation of acceptance of some religion or faith; "a profession of Christianity"
subtype: assurance__pledge a binding commitment to do or give or refrain from something: "an assurance of help when needed"; "signed a pledge never to reveal the secret"
subtype: warranty__guarantee__warrant a written assurance that some product or service will be provided or will meet certain specifications
subtype: security.warranty__surety a guarantee that an obligation will be met
subtype: deposit.warranty a payment given as a guarantee that an obligation will be met
subtype: stock_warrant__stockwarrant a written certificate that gives the holder the right to purchase shares of a stock for a specified price within a specified period of time
subtype: guarantee a pledge that something will happen or that something is true; "there is no guarantee that they are not lying"
subtype: safety_net.guarantee__safetynet a guarantee of professional or financial security
subtype: plight__troth a solemn pledge of fidelity
subtype: vow a solemn pledge (to oneself or to another or to a deity) to do something or to behave in a certain manner; "they took vows of poverty"
subtype: approval.subject_matter__commendation a message expressing a favorable opinion; "words of approval seldom passed his lips"
subtype: approbation official recognition or approval
subtype: countenance__endorsement__warrant formal and explicit approval
subtype: OK__okay__okey__okeh an endorsement; "they gave us the OK to go ahead"
subtype: visa an endorsement made in a passport that allows the bearer to enter the country issuing it
subtype: nihil_obstat.countenance__nihilobstat the phrase used by the official censor of the Roman Catholic Church to say that a publication has been examined and contains nothing offensive to the Church
subtype: recognition.approval__credit approval; "give her recognition for trying"; "he was given credit for his work"; "it is to her credit that she tried"; "the credits were given at the end of the film"
subtype: commemoration__memorial__remembrance a recognition of meritorious service
subtype: epitaph.commemoration a summary statement of commemoration for a dead person
subtype: standing_ovation__ovation enthusiastic recognition (especially one accompanied by loud applause)
subtype: salute.recognition__salutation an act of honor or courteous recognition: "a musical salute to the composer on his birthday"
subtype: secret_approval__connivance__tacit_consent__tacitconsent (law) tacit approval of someone's wrongdoing
subtype: permission approval to do something; "he asked permission to leave"
subtype: authorization__authority__authorisation__sanction official permission or approval; "authority for the program was renewed several times"
subtype: consent permission to do something; "he indicated his consent"
subtype: informed_consent consent by a patient to undergo a medical or surgical treatment or to participate in an experiment after the patient understands the risks involved
subtype: dismissal permission to go; the sending away of someone
subtype: leave permission to do something; "she was granted leave to speak"
subtype: laissez_passer__laissezpasser__pass a document indicating permission to do something without restrictions; "the media representatives had special passes"
subtype: boarding_card__boarding_pass a pass that allows you to board a ship or plane
subtype: hall_pass written permission from a teacher for a student to be out the classroom and in the halls of the school
subtype: ticket-of-leave a permit formerly given to convicts allowing them to leave prison under specific restrictions
subtype: pass.permission__passport any authorization to pass or go somewhere; "the pass to visit had a strict time limit"
subtype: safe-conduct__safeguard a document or escort providing safe passage through a region especially in time of war
subtype: all_clear__allclear permission to proceed because obstacles have been removed
subtype: encouragement the expression of approval and support
subtype: abetment__instigation the verbal act of urging on
subtype: cheering__shouting encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators; "it's all over but the shouting"
subtype: advancement__furtherance encouragement of the progress or growth or acceptance of something
subtype: fostering__fosterage encouragement; aiding the development of something
subtype: goading__goad__prod__prodding__urging__spur__spurring a verbalization that encourages you to attempt something; "the ceaseless prodding got on his nerves"
subtype: provocation__incitement needed encouragement; "the result was a provocation of vigorous investigation"
subtype: subornation underhandedly or improperly inducing someone to do something improper or unlawful; "subornation of perjury is a crime"
subtype: vote_of_confidence an expression of approval and encouragement; "they gave the chairman a vote of confidence"
subtype: acclaim__acclamation__plaudits__plaudit__eclat enthusiastic approval; "the book met with modest acclaim"; "he acknowledged the plaudits of the crowd"; "they gave him more eclat than he really deserved"
subtype: applause__hand_clapping__clapping a demonstration of approval by clapping the hands together
subtype: hand.applause a round of applause to signify approval; "give the little lady a great big hand"
subtype: handclap a clap of the hands to indicate approval
subtype: round.applause an outburst of applause; "there was a round of applause"
subtype: cheer a cry or shout of approval
subtype: banzai a Japanese cheer of enthusiasm or triumph
subtype: bravo a cry of approval as from an audience at the end of great performance
subtype: hurrah__hooray a victory cheer; "let's give the team a big hurrah"
subtype: salvo.cheer a sudden outburst of cheers; "there was a salvo of approval"
subtype: congratulations__congratulation__praise__kudos__kudo an expression of approval and commendation; "he always appreciated praise for his work"
subtype: superlative an exaggerated expression (usually of praise); "the critics lavished superlatives on it"
subtype: encomium__eulogy__panegyric__paean a formal expression of praise
subtype: recommendation.congratulations__testimonial__goodword something that recommends (or expresses commendation)
subtype: character_reference__character__reference a formal recommendation by a former employer to a potential future employer describing the person's qualifications and dependability; "requests for character references are all to often answered evasively"
subtype: puff exaggerated praise (as for promotional purposes)
subtype: compliment a remark (or act) expressing praise and admiration
subtype: trade-last__tradelast a compliment that I heard about you that I offer to trade for a compliment you have heard about me
subtype: flattery excessive or insincere praise
subtype: blandishment__cajolery__palaver flattery intended to persuade
subtype: blarney__coaxing__soft_soap__sweet_talk__sweettalk flattery designed to gain favor
subtype: smarm__unction__fulsomeness excessive but superficial compliments given with affected charm
subtype: accolade__award__honor__honour__laurels__laurel a tangible symbol signifying approval or distinction; "an award for bravery"
subtype: academic_degree__degree an award conferred by a college or university signifying that the recipient has satisfactorily completed a course of study; "he earned his degree at Princeton summa cum laude"
subtype: associate_degree__associatedegree__associate a degree granted by a two-year college on successful completion of the undergraduates course of studies
subtype: Associate_in_Arts__AA an associate degree in arts
subtype: Associate_in_Applied_Science__AAS an associate degree in applied science
subtype: Associate_in_Nursing__AN an associate degree in nursing
subtype: bachelor's_degree__baccalaureate an academic degree conferred on someone who has successfully completed undergraduate studies
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts__BA__Artium_Baccalaurens__AB a bachelor's degree in arts and sciences
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts_in_Library_Science__ABLS a bachelor's degree in library science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Arts_in_Nursing__BAN a bachelor's degree in nursing
subtype: Bachelor_of_Divinity__BD a bachelor's degree in religion
subtype: Bachelor_of_Literature__BLitt a bachelor's degree in literature
subtype: Bachelor_of_Medicine__MB (a British degree) a bachelor's degree in medicine
subtype: Bachelor_of_Music__BMus a bachelor's degree in music
subtype: Bachelor_of_Naval_Science__BNS a bachelor's degree in naval science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science__BS__SB a bachelor's degree in science
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science_in_Architecture__BSArch a bachelor's degree in architecture
subtype: Bachelor_of_Science_in_Engineering a bachelor's degree in engineering
subtype: Bachelor_of_Theology__ThB a bachelor's degree in theology
subtype: honours_degree__honoursdegree__honours (Great Britain) a university degree with honors
subtype: first-class_honours_degree__firstclasshonoursdegree__first (Great Britain) an honours degree of the highest class
subtype: double_first (Great Britain) a first-class honours degree in two subjects
subtype: master's_degree__master'sdegree an academic degree higher than a bachelor's but lower than a doctor's
subtype: Master_of_Architecture__MArch a degree granted for the successful completion of advanced study of architecture
subtype: Master_of_Arts__MA__Artium_Magister__AM a master's degree in arts and sciences
subtype: Master_of_Arts_in_Library_Science__MALS a master's degree in library science
subtype: Master_of_Arts_in_Teaching__MAT a master's degree in teaching
subtype: Master_in_Business__MBA a master's degree in business
subtype: Master_of_Divinity__MDiv a master's degree in religion
subtype: Master_of_Education__MEd a master's degree in education
subtype: Master_of_Fine_Arts__MFA a master's degree in fine arts
subtype: Master_of_Literature__MLitt a master's degree in literature
subtype: Master_of_Library_Science__MLS a master's degree in library science
subtype: Master_in_Public_Affairs a master's degree in questions of public concern
subtype: Master_of_Science__MS__SM a master's degree in science
subtype: Master_of_Science_in_Engineering a master's degree in engineering
subtype: Master_of_Theology__ThM a master's degree in theology
subtype: doctor's_degree__doctorate one of the highest academic degrees conferred by a university
subtype: Doctor_of_Dental_Medicine__DMD a doctor's degree in dental medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Dental_Surgery__DDS a doctor's degree in dental surgery
subtype: Doctor_of_Divinity__DD a doctor's degree in religion
subtype: Doctor_of_Education__EdD__DEd a doctor's degree in education
subtype: Doctor_of_Medicine__MD a doctor's degree in medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Music__DMus__MusD a doctor's degree in music
subtype: Doctor_of_Musical_Arts__AMusD a doctor's degree in musical arts
subtype: Doctor_of_Optometry__OD a doctor's degree in optometry
subtype: Doctor_of_Osteopathy__DO doctor's degree in osteopathy
subtype: Doctor_of_Philosophy__PhD a doctorate awarded for original contributions to knowledge
subtype: American_PhD__PhD an American doctorate usually based on at least 3 years graduate study and a dissertation; the highest degree awarded by a graduate school
subtype: DPhil a British doctorate
subtype: Doctor_of_Public_Health__DPH a doctor's degree in preventive medicine
subtype: Doctor_of_Theology__ThD a doctor's degree in theology
subtype: law_degree__lawdegree degree conferred on someone who successfully completes law school
subtype: Bachelor_of_Laws__LLB a three-year law degree
subtype: Master_of_Laws__LLM an advanced law degree
subtype: honorary_degree a degree conferred to honor the recipient
subtype: Doctor_of_Arts__ArtsD an honorary arts degree
subtype: Doctor_of_Fine_Arts an honorary degree in fine arts
subtype: Doctor_of_Humane_Letters an honorary degree in letters
subtype: Doctor_of_Humanities an honorary degree in the humanities
subtype: Doctor_of_Laws__LLD an honorary law degree
subtype: Doctor_of_Science__DS__ScD an honorary degree in science
subtype: pennant.accolade the award given to the champion
subtype: seal_of_approval__cachet__seal an indication of approved or superior status
subtype: commendation__citation an official award (as for bravery or service) usually given as formal public statement
subtype: honorable_mention__honorablemention__mention an official recognition of merit; "although he didn't win the prize he did get special mention"
subtype: varsity_letter__varsityletter__letter an award earned by participation in a school sport; "he won letters in three sports"
subtype: laurel_wreath__decoration__medal__medallion__palm__ribbon an award for winning a championship or commemorating some other event
subtype: Congressional_Medal_of_Honor__Medal_of_Honor the highest U.S. military decoration awarded for bravery and valor in action `above and beyond the call of duty'
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Medal a US military decoration for meritorious service in wartime duty of great responsibility
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Cross a US Army decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy
subtype: Navy_Cross a US Navy decoration for extraordinary heroism against an armed enemy
subtype: Distinguished_Flying_Cross a US Airforce decoration for heroism while participating in an aerial flight
subtype: Air_Medal a US Airforce decoration for meritorious achievement while participating in an aerial flight
subtype: Silver_Star_Medal__Silver_Star a US military decoration for gallantry in action
subtype: Bronze_Star_Medal__Bronze_Star a US military decoration awarded for meritorious service (except in aerial flight)
subtype: Order_of_the_Purple_Heart__Purple_Heart a US military decoration awarded to any member of the armed forces who is wounded in action
subtype: Victoria_Cross a British military decoration for gallantry
subtype: Distinguished_Conduct_Medal a British military decoration for distinguished conduct in the field
subtype: Distinguished_Service_Order a British military decoration for special service in action
subtype: Croix_de_Guerre a French military decoration for gallantry
subtype: Medaille_Militaire a French military decoration
subtype: trophy an award for success in war or hunting
subtype: Emmy an annual award for outstanding achievements in television
subtype: Nobel_prize an annual award for outstanding contributions to chemistry or physics or physiology and medicine or literature or economics or peace
subtype: Oscar an annual award by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences for achievements in motion picture production and performance
subtype: Prix_de_Rome an annual prize awarded by the French government in a competition of painters and artists and sculptors and musicians and architects; the winner in each category receives support for a period of study in Rome
subtype: Prix_Goncourt an award given annually for contributions to French literature
subtype: tribute.approval__testimonial something given or done as an expression of esteem
subtype: disapproval.subject_matter the expression of disapproval
subtype: disapprobation__condemnation an expression of strong disapproval; pronouncing as wrong or morally culpable; "his uncompromising condemnation of racism"
subtype: animadversion__censure harsh criticism or disapproval
subtype: interdict an ecclesiastical censure by the Roman Catholic Church withdrawing certain sacraments and Christian burial from a person or all persons in a particular district
subtype: demonization to represent as diabolically evil; "the demonization of our enemies"
subtype: unfavorable_judgment__unfavorablejudgment__criticism disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings; "the senator received severe criticism from his opponent"
subtype: brickbat blunt criticism
subtype: faultfinding__carping persistent petty and unjustified criticism
subtype: flak__fire__attack__flack__blast intense adverse criticism; "Clinton directed his fire at the Republican Party"; "the government has come under attack"; "don't give me any flak"
subtype: thrust verbal criticism; "he enlivened his editorials with barbed thrusts at politicians"
subtype: potshot.unfavorable_judgment criticism aimed at an easy target and made without careful consideration; "reporters took potshots at the mayor"
subtype: rebuke__reproof__reproval__reprehension__reprimand an act or expression of criticism and censure; "he had to take the rebuke with a smile on his face"
subtype: riot_act a vigorous reprimand; "I read him the riot act"
subtype: chiding__scolding__objurgation rebuking a person harshly
subtype: wigging__wig British slang for a scolding
subtype: what_for a strong reprimand
subtype: castigation__earful__bawling_out__bawlingout__chewing_out__upbraiding__going-over__goingover__dressing_down a severe scolding
subtype: berating__blowing_up__blowingup a severe rebuke; "he deserved the berating that the coach gave him"
subtype: reproach a mild rebuke or criticism; "words of reproach"
subtype: self-reproach__self-reproof the act of blaming yourself
subtype: blame__rap a reproach for some lapse or misdeed; "he took the blame for it"; "it was a bum rap"
subtype: lecture__speech__talking_to__talkingto a lengthy rebuke; "a good lecture was my father's idea of discipline"; "the teacher gave him a talking to"
subtype: sermon__preaching a moralistic rebuke; "your preaching is wasted on him"
subtype: curtain_lecture__curtainlecture a private lecture to a husband by his wife
subtype: chastening__correction__chastisement a rebuke for making a mistake
subtype: admonishment__admonition__monition a firm rebuke
subtype: slating.unfavorable_judgment a severely critical attack; "the reviewers gave his book a sound slating"
subtype: stricture severe criticism
subtype: discouragement.disapproval the expression of opposition and disapproval
subtype: disheartenment a communication that leaves you disheartened or daunted
subtype: dissuasion.discouragement a communication that dissuades you
subtype: determent__deterrence__intimidation a communication that makes you afraid to try something
subtype: respects (often used with `pay') a formal expression of esteem; "he paid his respects to the mayor"
subtype: discourtesy__disrespect an expression of lack of respect
subtype: abuse__insult__revilement__contumely a rude expression intended to offend or hurt; "when a student made a stupid mistake he spared them no abuse"; "they yelled insults at the visiting team"
subtype: low_blow__lowblow unscrupulous abuse
subtype: scurrility__billingsgate foul-mouthed or obscene abuse
subtype: stinger.abuse__cut a remark capable of wounding mentally; "the unkindest cut of all"
subtype: vituperation__invective__vitriol the expression of bitter deep-seated ill will; rancor
subtype: derision.discourtesy contemptuous laughter
subtype: jeer__jeering__mockery__scoffing showing your contempt by derision
subtype: put-down__putdown__squelch__squelcher__takedown (informal) a crushing remark
subtype: befooling__stultification derision of someone or something as foolish or absurd or inconsistent
subtype: ridicule language or behavior intended to mock or humiliate
subtype: scorn__contempt open disrespect for a person or thing
subtype: sneer.scorn__leer a facial expression of contempt or scorn; the upper lip curls
subtype: sneer a contemptuous or scornful remark
subtype: disparagement__depreciation__derogation a communication that belittles somebody or something
subtype: denigration__belittling a belittling comment
subtype: aspersion__slur a disparaging remark
subtype: petty_criticism__pettycriticism__detraction a petty disparagement
subtype: sour_grapes disparagement of something that is unattainable
subtype: condescension__disdain__patronage a communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient
subtype: calumny__defamation__obloquy__hatchet_job__hatchetjob a malicious attack
subtype: character_assassination__characterassassination__assassination an attack intended to ruin someone's reputation
subtype: vilification__smear__malignment slanderous defamation
subtype: libel a tort consisting of false and malicious publication printed for the purpose of defaming a living person
subtype: slander words falsely spoken that damage the reputation of another
subtype: mud slanderous remarks or charges
subtype: name_calling__names__name verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
subtype: name.calumny__epithet a defamatory or abusive word or phrase; "sticks and stones may break my bones but names can never hurt me"
subtype: smear_word__smearword an epithet that can be used to smear someone's reputation; "he used the smear word `communist' for everyone who disagreed with him"
subtype: impudence__cheek__impertinence an impudent statement
subtype: blasphemy blasphemous language (expressing disrespect for God or for something sacred)
subtype: statement a message that is stated or declared; a communication (oral or written) setting forth particulars or facts etc; "according to his statement he was in London on that day"
subtype: amendment.statement a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution etc.)
subtype: First_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing the right of free expression; includes freedom of assembly and freedom of the press and freedom of religion and freedom of speech
subtype: Fifth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States that imposes restrictions on the government's prosecution of persons accused of crimes; mandates due process of law and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy
subtype: Fourteenth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal government
subtype: Eighteenth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1920; prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages; repealed in 1932
subtype: Twentieth_Amendment an amendment to the Constitution of the United State adopted in 1920; guarantees that no state can deny the right to vote on the basis of sex
subtype: thing.statement a statement regarded as an object; "to say the same thing in other terms"; "how can you say such a thing?"
subtype: true_statement__truth a true statement; "he told the truth"; "he thought of answering with the truth but he knew they wouldn't believe it"
subtype: gospel_truth__gospel an unquestionable truth; "his word was gospel"
subtype: tautology.true_statement (logic) a statement that is necessarily true; "the statement `he is brave or he is not brave' is a tautology"
subtype: truism an obvious truth
subtype: platitude__cliche__banality__commonplace__bromide a trite or obvious remark
subtype: verbal_description__description a statement that represents something in words
subtype: job_description description of the responsibilities associated with a given job
subtype: spec__specification a detailed description of design criteria for a piece of work
subtype: computer_architecture the art of assembling logical elements into a computing device; the specification of the relation between parts of a computer system
subtype: neural_net__neural_network computer architecture in which processors are connected in a manner suggestive of connections between neurons; can learn by trial and error
subtype: network_architecture__networkarchitecture specification of design principles (including data formats and procedures) for creating a network configuration of data processors
subtype: word_picture__word-painting__delineation__depiction__picture__characterization__characterisation a graphic or vivid verbal description; "too often the narrative was interrupted by long word pictures"; "the author gives a depressing picture of life in Poland"
subtype: epithet descriptive word or phrase
subtype: portrayal.word_picture__portraiture__portrait a word picture of a person's appearance and character
subtype: declaration emphatic or explicit statement
subtype: proclamation__announcement__annunciation a formal public statement; "the government made an announcement about changes in the drug war"
subtype: promulgation the official announcement of a new law or ordinance whereby the law or ordinance is put into effect
subtype: manifesto__pronunciamento a public declaration of intentions (as issued by a political party or government)
subtype: Communist_manifesto a socialist manifesto written by Marx and Engels (1842) describing the history of the working-class movement according to their views
subtype: pronouncement__dictum__say-so__sayso an authoritative declaration
subtype: directive a pronouncement encouraging or banning some activity; "the boss loves to send us directives"
subtype: averment__assertion__asseveration a declaration that is made as if no supporting evidence were necessary
subtype: assertion_of_a_right__claim an assertion of a right (as to money or property); "his claim asked for damages"
subtype: pretension the advancing of a claim; "his pretension to the crown"; "the town still puts forward pretensions as a famous resort"
subtype: claim.averment an assertion that something is true or factual; "his claim that he was innocent"; "evidence contradicted the government's claims"
subtype: allegement__allegation statements affirming or denying certain matters of fact
subtype: bill_of_Particulars the particular events to be dealt with in a criminal trial; advises the defendant and the court of the facts the defendant will be required to meet
subtype: pleading (law) an allegation in legal form stating something on behalf of a party to a legal proceeding
subtype: affirmative_pleading__affirmativepleading any defensive pleading that affirms facts rather than merely denying the facts alleged by the plaintiff
subtype: alternative_pleading__alternativepleading__pleading_in_the_alternative a pleading that alleges facts so separate that it is difficult to determine which facts the person intends to rely on
subtype: answer.pleading the principle pleading by the defendant in response to plaintiff's complaint; in criminal law it consists of the defendant's plea of `guilty' or `not guilty' (or nolo contendere); in civil law it must contain denials of all allegations in the plaintiff's complaint that the defendant hopes to controvert and it can contain affirmative defenses or counterclaims
subtype: evasive_answer__evasiveanswer (law) an answer by a defendant that fails to admit or deny the allegations set forth in the complaint
subtype: nolo_contendere__non_vult__nonvult (criminal law) an answer of `no contest' by a defendant who does not admit guilt but that subjects him to conviction
subtype: plea.answer (law) a defendant's answer by a factual matter (as distinguished from a demurrer)
subtype: dilatory_plea a plea that delays the action without settling the cause of action; it can challenge the jurisdiction or claim disability of the defendant etc. (such defenses are usually raised in the defendant's answer)
subtype: insanity_plea__plea_of_insanity (criminal law) a plea in which the defendant claims innocence due to mental incompetence at the time
subtype: charge.pleading__complaint (criminal law) a pleading describing some wrong or offense; "he was arrested on a charge of larceny"
subtype: accusal__accusation a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt
subtype: self-accusation__self-condemnation an admission that you have failed to do or be something you know you should do or be
subtype: recrimination mutual accusations
subtype: allegation a formal accusation against somebody
subtype: grievance.allegation an allegation that something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right or causes injustice
subtype: lodgment__lodgement bringing a charge or accusation against someone
subtype: plaint a written statement of the grounds of complaint made to court law asking for the grievance to be redressed
subtype: imprecation a slanderous accusation
subtype: imputation.accusal a statement attributing something dishonest (especially a criminal offense); "he denied the imputation"
subtype: indictment an accusation of wrongdoing; "the book is an indictment of modern philosophy"
subtype: information.accusal formal accusation of a crime
subtype: preferment.accusal the act of making accusations; "preferment of charges"
subtype: incrimination__inculpation__blame an accusation that you are responsible for some lapse or misdeed; "his incrimination was based on my testimony"; "the police laid the blame on on the driver"
subtype: self-incrimination an accusation that incriminates yourself
subtype: implication a charge that implicates someone (usually of wrongdoing)
subtype: unspoken_accusation__veiled_accusation an accusation that is understood without needing to be spoken
subtype: insinuation__innuendo an indirect (and usually malicious) implication
subtype: complaint.pleading (civil law) the first pleading of the plaintiff setting out the facts on which the claim for relief is based
subtype: defective_pleading__defectivepleading any pleading that fails to conform in form or substance to minimum standards of accuracy or sufficiency
subtype: demurrer (law) any pleading that attacks the legal sufficiency of the opponent's pleadings
subtype: rebutter__rebuttal (law) a pleading by the defendant in reply to a plaintiff's surrejoinder
subtype: replication (law) a pleading made by a plaintiff in reply to the defendant's plea or answer
subtype: rejoinder ( law) a pleading made by a defendant in response to the plaintiff's replication
subtype: special_pleading__specialpleading (law) a pleading that alleges new facts in avoidance of the opposing allegations
subtype: surrebutter__surrebuttal (law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rebutter
subtype: surrejoinder ( law) a pleading by the plaintiff in reply to the defendant's rejoinder
subtype: accusation__charge an assertion that someone is guilty of a fault or offence; "the newspaper published charges that Jones was guilty of drunken driving"
subtype: contention a point asserted as part of an argument
subtype: ipse_dixit__ipsedixitism an unsupported dogmatic assertion
subtype: avowal__affirmation a statement asserting the existence or the truth of something
subtype: professing__profession an open avowal (true or false) of some belief or opinion; "a profession of disagreement"
subtype: affirmative a reply of affirmation; "he answered in the affirmative"
subtype: yes__ye an affirmative; "I was hoping for a yes"
subtype: yea an affirmative; "The yeas have it"
subtype: double_negative.affirmative__doublenegative an affirmative constructed from two negatives; "A not unwelcome outcome"
subtype: testimony.averment an assertion offering firsthand authentication of a fact; "according to his own testimony he can't do it"
subtype: denial.averment an assertion that something alleged is not true
subtype: negation.denial the speech act of negating
subtype: contradiction.negation the speech act of contradicting someone; "he spoke as if he thought his claims were immune to contradiction"
subtype: cancellation.negation the act of revoking or annulling or making void
subtype: protestation a strong declaration of protest
subtype: postulation__predication a declaration of something self-evident; something that can be assumed as the basis for argument
subtype: threat.declaration declaration of an intention or a determination to inflict harm on another; "his threat to kill me was quite explicit"
subtype: commination.threat a threat of divine punishment or vengeance
subtype: menace a threat or the act of threatening; "he spoke with desperate menace"
subtype: bid.declaration__bidding (bridge) the number of tricks a bridge player is willing to contract to make
subtype: contract.bid (bridge) the highest bid becomes the contract setting the number of tricks that the bidder must make
subtype: takeout (bridge) a bid that asks your partner to bid another suit
subtype: overcall__overbid (bridge) a bid that is higher than your opponent's bid (especially when your partner has not bid at all and your bid exceeds the value of your hand)
subtype: preemptive_bid a high bid that is intended to prevent the opposing players from bidding
subtype: Bill_of_Rights a statement of fundamental rights and privileges (especially the first ten amendments to the US Constitution)
subtype: formula.statement a conventionalized statement expressing some fundamental principle
subtype: mathematical_statement a statement of a mathematical relation
subtype: equation a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal
subtype: regression_equation__regression_of_y_on_x the equation representing the relation between selected values of one variable (x) and observed values of the other (y); it permits the prediction of the most probable values of y
subtype: linear_equation a polynomial equation of the first degree
subtype: quadratic_equation__quadraticequation__quadratic an equation in which the highest power of an unknown quantity is a square
subtype: biquadratic_equation__biquadraticequation__biquadratic and equation of the fourth degree
subtype: differential_equation an equation containing differentials of a function
subtype: Maxwell's_equations four differential equations that summarize classical properties of electromagnetic fields
subtype: partial_differential_equation a differential equation involving a functions of more than one variable
subtype: Schrodinger_equation__Schrodinger_wave_equation the fundamental equation of wave mechanics
subtype: wave_equation a differential equation that describes the passage of harmonic waves through a medium
subtype: exponential_equation__exponentialequation an equation involving exponential functions of a variable
subtype: formula__expression a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
subtype: sentential_function formal expression containing variables; becomes a sentence when variables are replaced by constants
subtype: primitive.formula a mathematical expression from which another expression is derived
subtype: exponential_expression__exponentialexpression a mathematical expression consisting of the constant e raised to some power
subtype: word.statement a brief statement; "he didn't say a word about it"
subtype: explanation.statement__account a statement that explains; "he launched into a detailed explanation"; "he demanded that I give an account for my failure"
subtype: rationale__principle an explanation of the working of some device in terms of laws of nature; "the principles of internal-combustion engines"
subtype: dialectics a rationale for dialectical materialism based on change through the conflict of opposing forces
subtype: key.explanation something crucial for explaining; "the key to development is economic integration"
subtype: natural_history__naturalhistory the systematic account of natural phenomena
subtype: raison_d'etre.rationalization__raisond'etre ('<' #rationalization.explanation replaced by #explanation.statement since a theory is a description, not a process)$ reason for being
subtype: accounting.explanation a convincing explanation that reveals basic causes; "he was unable to give a clear accounting for his actions"
subtype: reason an explanation of the cause of some phenomenon; "the reason a steady state was never reached was that the back pressure built up too slowly"
subtype: justification.explanation a statement in explanation of some action or belief
subtype: cause.justification__reason__grounds a justification for something existing or happening; "he had no cause to complain"; "they had good reason to rejoice"
subtype: vindication__defense the justification for some act or belief; "he offered a persuasive defense of the theory"
subtype: apologia__apology a formal written defense of something you believe in strongly
subtype: alibi (law) a defense by an accused person purporting to show that he or she could not have committed the crime in question
subtype: self-justification__excuse__alibi a defense of some offensive behavior or some failure to keep a promise etc.; "he kept finding excuses to stay"; "every day he had a new alibi for not getting a job"; "his transparent self-justification was unacceptable"
subtype: exposition an account that sets forth the meaning or intent of a writing or discourse; "we would have understood the play better if there had been some initial exposition of the background"
subtype: explication an explanation of the meaning of something
subtype: gloss__glos an explanation or definition of an obscure word in a text
subtype: deriving__derivation__etymologizing (historical linguistics) an explanation of the historical origins of a word or phrase
subtype: definition a concise explanation of the meaning of a word or phrase or symbol
subtype: contextual_definition a definition in which the term is used by embedding it in a larger expression containing its explanation; for example, "legal duty" might be defined contextually: "X has a legal duty to do Y means that X is required to do Y by a contract relationship that would be upheld in a court of law"
subtype: dictionary_definition a definition that reports the standard uses of a word or phrase or symbol
subtype: explicit_definition a definition that gives an exact equivalent of the term defined
subtype: ostensive_definition__ostensivedefinition a definition that points out or exhibits instances of the term defined
subtype: recursive_definition__recursivedefinition (mathematics) a definition of a function from which values of the function can be calculated in a finite number of steps
subtype: redefinition the act of giving a new definition; "words like `conservative' require periodic redefinition"; "she provided a redefinition of his duties"
subtype: stipulative_definition__stipulativedefinition a definition that is stipulated by someone and that is not a standard usage
subtype: formal_definition
subtype: informal_definition
subtype: partial_definition__partialdefinition
subtype: total_definition__totaldefinition
subtype: category_definition
subtype: interpretation an explanation resulting from interpreting something
subtype: expounding__exposition a systematic interpretation or explanation (usually written) of a specific topic
subtype: philosophizing the exposition (often superficially) of a particular philosophy
subtype: moralizing the exposition (often superficially) of a particular moral code; "his constant moralizing drove me mad"
subtype: construal an interpretation of the meaning of something; the act of construing
subtype: elucidation an interpretation that removes obstacles to understanding; "the professor's clarification helped her to understand the textbook"
subtype: disambiguation clarification that removes ambiguity
subtype: lexical_disambiguation__lexicaldisambiguation disambiguation of the sense of a polysemous word
subtype: exegesis an explanation or critical interpretation (especially of the Bible)
subtype: expansion.interpretation__enlargement__elaboration an interpretation that provides additional information
subtype: embroidery__embellishment elaboration of an interpretation by the use of decorative (sometimes fictitious) detail; "the mystery has been heightened by many embellishments in subsequent retellings"
subtype: literal_interpretation__literalinterpretation an interpretation based on the exact wording
subtype: letter a strictly literal interpretation (as distinct from the intention); "he followed instructions to the letter"; "he obeyed the letter of the law"
subtype: version an interpretation of a matter from a particular viewpoint; "his version of the fight was different from mine"
subtype: approximation an imprecise or incomplete account; "newspapers gave only an approximation of the actual events"
subtype: reading.interpretation a particular interpretation or performance; "on that reading it was an insult"; "he was famous for his reading of Mozart"
subtype: construction.interpretation__twist an interpretation of a text or action; "they put an unsympathetic construction on his conduct"
subtype: reconstruction.interpretation an interpretation formed by piecing together bits of evidence
subtype: popularization__popularisation an interpretation that easily understandable and acceptable
subtype: misinterpretation__misunderstanding__mistaking putting the wrong interpretation on; "his misinterpretation of the question caused his error"; "there was no mistaking her meaning"
subtype: imbroglio a very embarrassing misunderstanding
subtype: misconstrual__misconstruction a kind of misinterpretation resulting from putting a wrong construction on words or actions (often deliberately)
subtype: misreading misinterpretation caused by inaccurate reading
subtype: value_statement a statement of the desirability of something
subtype: representation.statement a statement of facts and reasons made in appealing or protesting; "certain representations were made concerning police brutality"
subtype: solution__result__answer__resolution__solvent a statement that solves a problem or explains how to solve the problem; "they were trying to find a peaceful solution"; "the answers were in the back of the book"; "he computed the result to four decimal places"
subtype: denouement.result the final resolution of the main complication of a literary or dramatic work
subtype: answer.statement__reply__response a statement (either spoken or written) that is made in reply to a question or request or criticism or accusation; "I waited several days for his answer"; "he wrote replies to several of his critics"
subtype: rescript a reply by a Pope to an inquiry concerning a point of law or morality
subtype: feedback response to an inquiry or experiment
subtype: announcement__promulgation a public statement about something that is happening or going to happen; "the announcement appeared in the local newspaper"
subtype: Annunciation (Christian religion) the announcement to the Virgin Mary by the angel Gabriel of the incarnation of Christ
subtype: banns__bann a public announcement (in church) of a proposed marriage
subtype: press_release__pressrelease__handout__release an announcement distributed to members of the press in order to supplement or replace an oral presentation
subtype: notice.announcement an announcement containing information about a future event; "you didn't give me enough notice"
subtype: caveat (law) a formal notice filed with a court or officer to suspend a proceeding until filer is given a hearing: "a caveat filed against the probate of a will"
subtype: obituary__obit__necrology a notice of someone's death; usually includes a short biography
subtype: program.announcement__programme an announcement of the events that will occur as part of a theatrical or sporting event; "you can't tell the players without a program"
subtype: playbill a theatrical program; "he couldn't find her name on the playbill"
subtype: racecard a program for a race meeting; lists the races and the names of the horses
subtype: walking_papers a notice of dismissal or discharge
subtype: foretelling__forecasting a statement made about the future
subtype: prophecy__divination a prediction uttered under divine inspiration
subtype: oracle.prophecy a prophecy (usually obscure or allegorical) revealed by a priest or priestess; believed to be infallible
subtype: weather_forecasting__meteorology predicting what the weather will be
subtype: prognosis__prognosi__forecast a prediction about how something (as the weather) will develop
subtype: weather_forecast__weatherforecast__weather_outlook__weatheroutlook a forecast of the weather
subtype: horoscope a prediction of someone's future based on the relative positions of the planets
subtype: proposition (logic) a statement that affirms or denies something and is either true or false
subtype: converse (logic) a proposition obtained by conversion
subtype: lemma a subsidiary proposition that is assumed to be true in order to prove another proposition
subtype: theorem a proposition deducible from basic postulates
subtype: binomial_theorem a theorem giving the expansion of a binomial raised to a given power
subtype: conclusion.proposition the proposition that must follow from the major and minor premises of a syllogism
subtype: postulate__posit (logic) a proposition that is accepted as true in order to provide a basis for logical reasoning
subtype: premise__premiss__premis a statement that is assumed to be true and from which a conclusion can be drawn; "on the assumption that he has been injured we can infer that he will not to play"
subtype: major_premise__majorpremise__major_premiss__majorpremis the premise of a syllogism that contains the major term (which is the predicate of the conclusion)
subtype: minor_premise__minorpremise__minor_premiss__minorpremis the premise of a syllogism that contains the minor term (which is the subject of the conclusion)
subtype: thesis an unproved statement put forward as a premise in an argument
subtype: condition.premise__precondition__stipulation an assumption on which rests the validity or effect of something else
subtype: boundary_condition (math) a condition specified for the solution to a set of differential equations
subtype: proviso__provision a stipulated condition; "he accepted subject to one provision"
subtype: axiom (logic) a proposition that is not susceptible of proof or disproof; its truth is assumed to be self-evident
subtype: falsehood__falsity__untruth__false_statement__falsestatement a false statement
subtype: dodging__dodge__scheme a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery
subtype: lie.falsehood__prevarication a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth
subtype: fib__story__tarradiddle__taradiddle a trivial lie; "he told a fib about eating his spinach"; "how can I stop my child from telling stories?"
subtype: cock-and-bull_story__fairytale__fairy_story__fairystory__song_and_dance an interesting but highly implausible story; often told as an excuse
subtype: jactitation a false boast that can harm others; especially a false claim to be married to someone (formerly actionable at law)
subtype: whopper a gross untruth
subtype: white_lie__whitelie an unimportant lie (especially one told to be tactful or polite)
subtype: fable__fabrication__fiction a deliberately false or improbable account
subtype: canard a deliberately misleading fabrication
subtype: misrepresentation__deceit__deception a misleading falsehood
subtype: half-truth a partially true statement intended to deceive or mislead
subtype: facade.misrepresentation__window_dressing a showy misrepresentation intended to conceal something unpleasant
subtype: overstatement__exaggeration__magnification making to seem more important than it really is
subtype: snow_job a long and elaborate misrepresentation
subtype: feigning__pretense__pretence__dissembling pretending with intention to deceive
subtype: bluff.feigning pretense that your position is stronger than it really is; "his bluff succeeded in getting him accepted"
subtype: pretext__stalking-horse something serving to conceal plans; a fictitious reason that is concocted in order to conceal the real reason
subtype: putoff a pretext for delay or inaction
subtype: lip_service__hypocrisy an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction
subtype: subterfuge__blind something intended to misrepresent the true nature of an activity; "he wasn't sick--it was just a subterfuge"; "the holding company was just a blind"
subtype: trickery__hocus-pocus__hocuspocu__slickness__slicknes__hankypanky__jiggery-pokery__jiggerypokery__skulduggery__skullduggery verbal misrepresentation intended to take advantage of you in some way
subtype: duplicity__fraudulence a fraudulent or duplicitous representation
subtype: evasion.misrepresentation__equivocation a statement that is not literally false but that cleverly avoids an unpleasant truth
subtype: indirect_expression__circumlocution an indirect way of expressing something
subtype: doublespeak any language that pretends to communicate but actually does not
subtype: hedge__hedging an intentionally noncommittal or ambiguous statement; "when you say `maybe' you are just hedging"
subtype: quibble an evasion of the point of an argument by raising irrelevant distinctions or objections
subtype: contradiction_in_terms__contradiction (logic) a statement that is necessarily false; "the statement `he is brave and he is not brave' is a contradiction"
subtype: paradox (logic) a self-contradiction; "I always lie"
subtype: understatement a statement that is restrained in ironic contrast to what might have been said
subtype: litotes__litote__meiosis understatement for rhetorical effect (especially when expressing an affirmative by negating its contrary); "saying `I was not a little upset' when you mean `I was very upset' is an example of litotes"
subtype: reservation.statement__qualification a statement that limits or restricts some claim; "he recommended her without any reservations"
subtype: fine_print__small_print__smallprint the part of a contract that contains reservations and qualifications printed in small type; "don't sign a contract without reading the fine print"
subtype: weasel_word an equivocal qualification; a word used to avoid making an outright assertion
subtype: cautious_statement a statement made with careful qualifications
subtype: commentary__comment a written explanation or criticism or illustration that is added to a book or other textual material; "he wrote an extended comment on the proposal"
subtype: annotation__note__notation a comment (usually added to a text); "his notes were appended at the end of the article"
subtype: quotation__citation__credit__reference__mention a short note acknowledging a source of information or quoting a passage; "the student's essay failed to list several important citations"; "the article includes mention of similar clinical cases"
subtype: photo_credit__photocredit a note acknowledging the source of a published photograph
subtype: cross-reference__crossreference__cross-index__crossindex a reference at one place in a work to information at another place in the same work
subtype: footnote a note placed below the text on a printed page
subtype: nota_bene__NB__N.B. a Latin phrase (or its abbreviation) used to indicate that special attention should be paid to something; "the margins of his book were generously supplied with pencilled NBs"
subtype: postscript__PS a note appended to a letter after the signature
subtype: comment__remark a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief; "from time to time she contributed a personal comment on his account"
subtype: ad-lib remark made spontaneously without prior preparation; "his ad-libs got him in trouble with the politicians"
subtype: courtesy.comment a courteous or respectful or considerate remark
subtype: gambit.comment__ploy an opening remark intended to secure an advantage for the speaker
subtype: obiter_dictum__passing_comment__passingcomment an incidental remark
subtype: mention__reference a remark that calls attention to something or someone; "she made frequent mention of her promotion"; "there was no mention of it"; "the speaker made several references to his wife"
subtype: allusion passing reference or indirect mention
subtype: retrospection.mention reference to things past; "the story begins with no introductory retrospections"
subtype: name-dropping the practice of casually mentioning important people in order to impress your listener; "the hard thing about name-dropping is to avoid being too obvious about it"
subtype: observation.comment__reflection__reflexion a remark expressing careful consideration
subtype: Parkinson's_law C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that the number of subordinates in an organization will increase linearly regardless of the amount of work to be done
subtype: Parkinson's_law.observation__parkinson'slaw C. Northcote Parkinson's cynical observation that work will expand so as to fill the time available for its completion
subtype: wisecrack__crack__sally__quip witty remark
subtype: jibe__shot__shaft__slam__dig__barb__gibe an aggressive remark directed at a person like a missile and intended to have a telling effect; "his parting shot was `drop dead'"; "she threw shafts of sarcasm"; "she takes a dig at me every chance she gets"
subtype: platitude__cliche__banality__commonplace__bromide a trite or obvious remark
subtype: rhetorical_question a statement that is formulated as a question but that is not supposed to be answered; "he liked to make his points with rhetorical questions"
subtype: misstatement a statement that contains a mistake
subtype: error__mistake part of a statement that is not correct; "the book was full of errors"
subtype: corrigendum a printer's error; to be corrected
subtype: misprint__erratum__typographicalerror__typo__literal_error__literalerror__literal a mistake in printed matter resulting from mechanical failures of some kind
subtype: malapropism__malaprop the unintentional misuse of a word by confusion with one that sounds similar
subtype: slip_of_the_tongue an accidental and usually trivial mistake in speaking
subtype: spoonerism transposition of initial consonants in a pair of words
subtype: restatement a revised statement
subtype: demythologization__demythologisation the restatement of a message (as a religious one) in rational terms
subtype: mythologization__mythologisation the restatement of a message as a myth
subtype: understanding__agreement the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises; "they had an agreement that they would not interfere in each other's business"; "there was an understanding between management and the workers"
subtype: conspiracy__confederacy a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act
subtype: conspiracy_of_silence a conspiracy not to talk about some situation or event; "there was a conspiracy of silence about police brutality"
subtype: covenant (Bible) an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
subtype: unilateral_contract a one-sided agreement whereby you promise to do (or refrain from doing) something in return for a performance (not a promise)
subtype: sales_agreement__sale an agreement (or contract) in which property is transferred from the seller (vendor) to the buyer (vendee) for a fixed price in money (paid or agreed to be paid by the buyer); "the salesman faxed the sales agreement to his home office"
subtype: conditional_sale__conditionalsale a sale in which the buyer receives title to the property only upon the performance of some condition (usually the full payment of the purchase price)
subtype: sheriff's_sale__sheriff'ssale__judicial_sale__forced_sale a sale of property by the sheriff under authority of a court's judgment in order satisfy and unpaid obligation
subtype: bargain.understanding__deal an agreement between parties (usually arrived at after discussion) fixing obligations of each; "he made a bargain with the devil"; "he rose to prominence through a series of shady deals"
subtype: working_agreement__workingagreement an informal agreement to work together
subtype: gentlemen's_agreement__gentlemen'sagreement a personal agreement based on honor and not legally binding
subtype: written_agreement__writtenagreement a legal document summarizing the agreement between parties
subtype: contract a binding agreement between two or more persons that is enforceable by law
subtype: adhesion_contract__contract_of_adhesion a contract that heavily restricts one party while leaving the other free (as some standard form printed contracts); implies inequality in bargaining power
subtype: aleatory_contract a contract whose performance by one party depends on the occurrence of an uncertain contingent event (but if it is contingent on the outcome of a wager it is not enforceable)
subtype: bilateral_contract__bilateralcontract a contract involving mutual promises (each part is both promisor and promisee)
subtype: charter.contract a contract to hire or lease transportation
subtype: conditional_contract__conditionalcontract a contract whose performance depends on a fact or event that affects legal relations
subtype: cost-plus_contract a contract in which the contractor is paid his total cost plus a stated percentage of profit
subtype: gambling_contract a contract whose performance by one party is contingent on the outcome of a bet; unenforceable by statute in most jurisdictions
subtype: lease.contract a contract granting use or occupation of property during a specified time for a specified payment
subtype: marriage_contract__marriage_settlement a prenuptial agreement or contract
subtype: output_contract a contract in which you promise to deliver your entire output to the other party who promises to accept it
subtype: insurance_policy__insurancepolicy__policy__insurance written contract or certificate of insurance; "you should have read the small print on your policy"
subtype: floating_policy__floater an insurance policy covering loss of movable property (e.g. jewelry) regardless of its location
subtype: purchase_contract__purchase_agreement a contract stating the terms of a purchase
subtype: quasi_contract__quasicontract a contract created by law for reasons of justice without any expression of assent
subtype: requirements_contract a contract in which you agree to purchase all your requirements of a particular sort from one party
subtype: sealed_instrument__contract_under_seal__special_contract__specialcontract a contract that is signed and has the (wax) seal of the signer attached
subtype: service_contract__servicecontract a contract for maintenance services
subtype: severable_contract__severablecontract a contract in which in the event of a breach by one of the parties can be considered as several independent agreements expressed in a single instrument
subtype: subcontract a contract assigning to another party some obligations of a prior contract
subtype: partnership.contract a contract between two or more persons who agree to pool talent and money and share profits or losses
subtype: articles_of_agreement__shipping_articles a contract between crew and captain of a ship
subtype: concession.contract__grant a contract granting the right to operate a subsidiary business: "he got the beer concession at the ball park"
subtype: franchise an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place
subtype: labor_contract__laborcontract__labor_agreement__laboragreement__collective_agreement contract between labor and management government wages and benefits and working conditions
subtype: yellow-dog_contract a now-illegal labor contract whereby the employee agrees not to join a trade union
subtype: employment_contract__employment_agreement contract between employer and employee
subtype: distribution_agreement a contract governing the marketing of an item of merchandise
subtype: licensing_agreement__licensingagreement contract giving someone the legal right to use a patent or trademark
subtype: merger_agreement__acquisition_agreement__acquisitionagreement contract governing the merger of two or more companies
subtype: sale_in_gross__contract_of_hazard a sale of a tract of land as a whole without a warranty as to the acreage
subtype: indenture a contract binding one party into the service of another for a specified term
subtype: Articles_of_Confederation a written agreement ratified in 1781 by the thirteen original states; it provided a legal symbol of their union by gave the central government no coercive power over the states or their citizens
subtype: compact__covenant__concordat a signed written agreement between two or more parties (nations) to perform some action
subtype: indenture.written_agreement formal agreement between the issuer of bonds and the bondholders as to terms of the debt
subtype: obligation a legal agreement specifying a payment or action and the penalty for failure to comply
subtype: indebtedness__liability__financial_obligation__financialobligation an obligation to pay money to another party
subtype: limited_liability__limitedliability the liability of a firm's owners for no more than the capital they have invested in the firm
subtype: debt.indebtedness the state of owing money; "he is badly in debt"
subtype: arrears.indebtedness__arrear the state of being behind in payments; "an account in arrears"
subtype: account_payable a liability account showing how much is owed for goods and services purchased on credit
subtype: scot_and_lot obligations of all kinds taken as a whole
subtype: treaty__pact__accord a written agreement between two states or sovereigns
subtype: alliance a formal agreement establishing an association or alliance between nations or other groups to achieve a particular aim
subtype: peace_treaty__peacetreaty__pacification a treaty to cease hostilities; "peace came on November 11th"
subtype: Peace_of_Westphalia the peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648
subtype: convention.treaty (diplomacy) an international agreement
subtype: Geneva_convention an agreement concerning the treatment of war prisoners
subtype: SALT_I the first treaty between the US and USSR resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
subtype: SALT_II the second treaty between the US and USSR resulting from the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
subtype: Treaty_of_Versailles the treaty imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans
subtype: escrow a written agreement (or property or money) delivered to a third party or put in trust by one party to a contract to be returned after fulfillment of some condition
subtype: entente_cordiale__ententecordiale__entente a friendly understanding between political powers
subtype: oral_contract an agreement that is not in writing and is not signed by the parties but is a real existing contract that lacks only the formal requirement of a memorandum to render it enforceable in litigation
subtype: settlement a conclusive resolution of a matter and disposition of it
subtype: accommodation.settlement a settlement of differences; "they reached an accommodation with Japan"
subtype: modus_vivendi__modusvivendi a temporary accommodation of a disagreement between parties pending a permanent settlement
subtype: compromise an accommodation in which both sides make concessions; "the newly elected congressmen rejected a compromise because they considered it `business as usual'"
subtype: Missouri_Compromise an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories
subtype: conclusion.settlement a final settlement; "the conclusion of a business deal"; "the conclusion of the peace treaty"
subtype: out-of-court_settlement resolution of a dispute prior to the rendering of a final decision by the trial court
subtype: property_settlement (matrimonial law) the division of property owned or acquired by marriage partners during their marriage
subtype: accord_and_satisfaction the settlement of a debt by paying less than the amount demanded in exchange for extinguishing the debt
subtype: severance_agreement__severanceagreement an agreement on the terms on which an employee will leave
subtype: golden_handshake a lucrative severance agreement offered to an employee (usually as an incentive to retire)
subtype: suicide_pact__suicidepact an agreement by two or more people to commit suicide together at a given place and time; "the two lovers killed themselves in a suicide pact"
subtype: condition.statement__term (usually plural) a statement of what is required as part of an agreement; "the contract set out the conditions of the lease"; "the terms of the treaty were generous"
subtype: estimate.statement a statement indicating the likely cost of some job; "he got an estimate from the car repair shop"
subtype: chemical_formula__formula a representation of a substance using symbols for its constituent elements
subtype: molecular_formula__molecularformula a chemical formula based on analysis and molecular weight
subtype: structural_formula an expanded molecular formula showing the arrangement of atoms within the molecule
subtype: empirical_formula__empiricalformula a chemical formula showing the ratio of elements in a compound rather than the total number of atoms
subtype: assurance.statement a statement intended to inspire confidence; "the President's assurances were not respected"
subtype: recital.statement a detailed statement giving facts and figures; "his wife gave a recital of his infidelities"
subtype: statement.subject_matter a nonverbal message; "a Cadillac makes a statement about who you are"; "his tantrums are a statement of his need for attention"
subtype: treacle a message that is excessively sweet and sentimental
subtype: wit__humor__humour__witticism__wittiness__wittines a message whose ingenuity or verbal skill or incongruity has the power to evoke laughter
subtype: jeu_d'esprit__jeud'esprit a witty comment or writing
subtype: bon_mot__bonmot a clever remark
subtype: sarcasm__irony__caustic_remark__causticremark witty language used to convey insults or scorn; "he used sarcasm to upset his opponent"; "irony is wasted on the stupid"
subtype: repartee adroitness and cleverness in reply
subtype: banter__raillery__give-and-take__backchat light teasing repartee
subtype: badinage frivolous banter
subtype: persiflage light teasing
subtype: joke__gag__laugh__jest__jape__yak a humorous anecdote or remark
subtype: belly_laugh__bellylaugh__sidesplitter__howler__thigh-slapper__thighslapper__scream__wow__riot a joke that seems extremely funny
subtype: dirty_joke__dirtyjoke__dirty_story__dirtystory__blue_joke__blue_story an indelicate joke
subtype: ethnic_joke a joke at the expense of some ethnic group
subtype: funny_story__funnystory__good_story an account of an amusing incident (usually with a punch line)
subtype: in-joke a joke that is appreciated only by members of some particular group of people
subtype: one-liner__oneliner a one-line joke
subtype: shaggy_dog_story a long rambling joke whose humor derives from its pointlessness
subtype: sick_joke a joke in bad taste
subtype: sight_gag__sightgag__visual_joke a joke whose effect is achieved by visual means rather than by speech (as in a movie)
subtype: caricature__imitation__impersonation a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect
subtype: lampoon__parody__spoof__sendup__mockery__burlesque__charade__pasquinade__put-on__puton a composition that imitates somebody's style in a humorous way
subtype: cartoon__sketch a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine
subtype: comic_strip__cartoon_strip__cartoonstrip__strip a sequence of drawings in a newspaper telling a story
subtype: fun.wit__play__sport verbal wit (often at another's expense but not to be taken seriously); "he became a figure of fun"
subtype: jocosity__jocularity fun characterized by humor
subtype: waggishness__waggishnes waggish behavior
subtype: clowning__drollery__comedy__funniness__funnines a comic incident or series of incidents
subtype: pun__punning__wordplay__paronomasia a humorous play on words; "I do it for the pun of it"; "his constant punning irritated her"
subtype: ribaldry ribald humor
subtype: topper.wit an exceedingly good witticism that surpasses all that have gone before
subtype: opinion__view a message expressing a belief about something; "his opinions appeared frequently on the editorial page"
subtype: guess__gues__supposition__surmisal__speculation__hypothesi a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence
subtype: side.opinion__position an opinion that is held in opposition to another in an argument or dispute; "there are two sides to every question"
subtype: instruction__direction a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them"
subtype: religious_rule__religiousrule__rule a systematic body of regulations defining the way of life of members of a religious order; "the rule of St. Dominic"
subtype: prescript__rule prescribed guide for conduct or action
subtype: bylaw__byelaw a rule made by a local authority to regulate its own affairs
subtype: rubric an authoritative rule of conduct or procedure
subtype: rules_of_order__order__parliamentary_law__parliamentarylaw__parliamentary_procedure__parliamentaryprocedure a body of rules followed by an assembly
subtype: interpellation a procedure (in some parliaments) of demanding that a government official explain some act or policy
subtype: standing_order a rule of order permanently in force
subtype: cloture__closure__gagrule a rule for ending debate in a deliberative body
subtype: closure_by_compartment__guillotine closure imposed on the debate of specific sections of a bill
subtype: point_of_order a question as to whether the current proceedings are allowed by parliamentary procedure
subtype: previous_question a motion calling for an immediate vote on the main question under discussion by a deliberative assembly
subtype: rule_of_evidence a rule of law whereby any alleged matter of fact that is submitted for investigation at a judicial trial is established or disproved
subtype: best_evidence_rule a rule of evidence requiring that to prove the content of a writing or recording or photograph the original is required
subtype: estoppel a rule of evidence whereby a person is barred from denying the truth of a fact that has already been settled
subtype: exclusionary_rule a rule that provides that otherwise admissible evidence cannot be used in a criminal trial if it was the result of illegal police conduct
subtype: fruit_of_the_poisonous_tree a rule that once primary evidence is determined to have been illegally obtained any secondary evidence following from it may also not be used
subtype: hearsay_rule__hearsayrule a rule that declares not admissible as evidence any statement other than that by a witness
subtype: parol_evidence_rule a rule that oral evidence cannot be used to contradict the terms of a written contract
subtype: res_ipsa_loquitur a rule of evidence whereby the negligence of an alleged wrongdoer can be inferred from the fact that the accident happened
subtype: precept rule of personal conduct
subtype: higher_law a principle that takes precedent over the laws of society
subtype: moral_principle__moralprinciple the principle that conduct should be moral
subtype: categorical_imperative__categoricalimperative the moral principle that behavior should be determined by duty
subtype: hypothetical_imperative a principle stating the action required to attain a desired goal
subtype: caveat_emptor a commercial principle that without a warranty the buyer takes upon himself the risk of quality
subtype: golden_rule any important rule; "the golden rule of teaching is to be clear"
subtype: GIGO (computer science) a rule stating that the quality of the output is a function of the quality of the input; put garbage in and you get garbage out
subtype: dictate.prescript an authoritative rule
subtype: regulation__ordinance an authoritative rule
subtype: age_limit__agelimit regulation establishing the maximum age for doing something or holding some position
subtype: assize.regulation the regulation of weights and measures of articles offered for sale
subtype: speed_limit__speedlimit regulation establishing the top speed permitted on a given road
subtype: canon a rule or especially body of rules or principles generally established as valid and fundamental in a field or art or philosophy: "the neoclassical canon"; "canons of polite society"
subtype: etiquette rules governing socially acceptable behavior
subtype: protocol.etiquette forms of ceremony and etiquette observed by diplomats and heads of state
subtype: punctilio.etiquette a fine point of etiquette or petty formality
subtype: communications_protocol__protocol (computer science) rules determining the format and transmission of data
subtype: file_transfer_protocol__ftp__FTP (computer science) protocol that allows users to copy files between their local system and any system they can reach on the network
subtype: anonymous_ftp__anonymousftp__anonymous_file_transfer_protocol a common way to make software available; users are allowed to log in as `guest' without a password and copy whatever has been made available
subtype: hypertext_transfer_protocol__HTTP a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers
subtype: musical_instrument_digital_interface__MIDI a standard protocol for communication between electronic musical instruments and computers
subtype: TCP__transmission_control_protocol a protocol developed for the internet to get data from one network device to another; "TCP uses a retransmission strategy to insure that data will not be lost in transmission"
subtype: TCP/IP__transmission_control_protocol/internet_protocol a set of protocols (including TCP) developed for the internet in the 1970s to get data from one network device to another
subtype: CMIP common management information protocol
subtype: SMTP simple mail transfer protocol
subtype: rubric.instruction directions for the conduct of Christian church services (often printed in red in a prayer book)
subtype: misdirection.instruction incorrect directions or instructions
subtype: name_and_address__address__addres written directions for finding some location; written on letters or packages that are to be delivered to that location
subtype: poste_restante__posterestante an address written on mail that is to be held at the post office until called for (not in US or Canada)
subtype: return_address the address of the sender of a letter or parcel indicating where it should be returned if it cannot be delivered
subtype: markup detailed stylistic instructions for typesetting something that is to be printed; manual markup is usually written on the copy (e.g. underlining words that are to be set in italics)
subtype: prescription directions prescribed beforehand; the action of prescribing authoritative rules or directions; "I tried to follow her prescription for success"
subtype: recipe__formula directions for making something
subtype: game_rule__rule directions that define the way a game or sport is to be conducted; "he knew the rules of chess"
subtype: ground_rule a special rule (as in baseball) dealing with situations that arise due to the nature of the playing grounds
subtype: stage_direction__stagedirection an instruction written as part of the script of a play
subtype: style.instruction editorial directions to be followed in spelling and punctuation and capitalization and typographical display
subtype: system_command a computer user's instruction (not part of a program) that calls for action by the computer's executive program
subtype: proposal something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)
subtype: advice a proposal for an appropriate course of action
subtype: recommendation something (as a course of action) that is recommended
subtype: referral.recommendation a recommendation to consult the (professional) person referred to; "this patient is a referral from Dr. Bones"
subtype: admonition__monition__warning__word_of_advice cautionary advice
subtype: deterrent_example__deterrentexample__example__lesson__object_lesson punishment intended as a warning to others; "they decided to make an example of him"
subtype: counterproposal a proposal offered as an alternative to an earlier proposal
subtype: hypothesis a proposal intended to explain certain facts or observations
subtype: proffer__suggestion__proposition a proposal offered for acceptance or rejection
subtype: intimation__hint__breath an indirect suggestion; "not a breath of scandal ever touched her"
subtype: touch.proffer__trace__ghost a suggestion of some quality; "there was a touch of sarcasm in his tone"; "he detected a ghost of a smile on her face"
subtype: overture.proffer__advance__feeler a tentative suggestion designed to elicit the reactions of others; "she rejected his advances"
subtype: introduction.proposal a new proposal; "they resisted the introduction of impractical alternatives"
subtype: re-introduction a proposal of something previously rejected; "they avoided a re-introduction of the old terminology"
subtype: motion.proposal__question a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote; "he made a motion to adjourn"; "she called for the question"
subtype: offer__offering something offered (as a proposal or bid); "noteworthy new offerings for investors included several index funds"
subtype: contract_offer offer by an employer to contract to pay an employee at a given rate
subtype: marriage_proposal__proposal_of_marriage__marriage_offer__proposal an offer of marriage
subtype: question an informal reference to a marriage proposal; "he was ready to pop the question"
subtype: counteroffer an offer made by someone who has rejected a prior offer
subtype: bid.offer__tender a formal proposal to buy at a specified price
subtype: overbid a bid that is higher than preceding bids
subtype: buyout_bid a bid to buy all of a person's holdings
subtype: tender_offer an offer to buy shares in a corporation (usually above the market price) for cash or securities or both
subtype: takeover_bid an offer to buy shares in order to take over the company
subtype: two-tier_bid a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to pay more for the shares needed to gain control than for the remaining shares
subtype: any-and-all_bid__anyandallbid a takeover bid where the acquirer offers to buy any and all shares outstanding
subtype: reward.offer the offer of money for helping to find a criminal or for returning lost property
subtype: price.reward a reward for helping to catch a criminal; "the cattle thief has a price on his head"
subtype: special a special offering (usually temporary and at a reduced price) that is featured in advertising; "they are having a special on pork chops"
subtype: peace_offering__peaceoffering__olive_branch__olivebranch something offered to an adversary in the hope of obtaining peace
subtype: twofer.offer an offer of two for the price of one
subtype: submission.subject_matter__entry a message submitted for the judgment of others (as in a competition); "several of his submissions were rejected by publishers"
subtype: filing.submission the entering of a legal document into the public record; "he filed a complaint"; "he filed his tax return"
subtype: publicity__promotion__promotional_material__promotionalmaterial a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution
subtype: public_relations a promotion intended to create goodwill for a person or institution
subtype: blurb__endorsement a promotional statement (as found on the dust jackets of books)
subtype: ballyhoo__hoopla__hype__plug blatant or sensational promotion
subtype: sales_talk__salestalk__sales_pitch__pitch promotion by means of an argument and demonstration
subtype: ad__advertisement__advertizement__advertising__advertizing__advert a public promotion of some product or service
subtype: top_billing the advertisement of a star's name at the top of a theatrical poster
subtype: prevue__preview an advertisement consisting of short scenes from a motion picture that will appear in the near future
subtype: advertorial an advertisement that is written and presented in the style of an editorial or journalistic report
subtype: mailer.ad an advertisement that is sent by mail
subtype: newspaper_ad__newspaperad__newspaper_advertisement__newspaperadvertisement a printed advertisement that is published in a newspaper
subtype: want_ad a newspaper advertisement stating what is wanted
subtype: commercial_message__commercial a commercially sponsored ad on radio or television
subtype: infomercial a television commercial presented in the form of a short documentary
subtype: circular__handbill__bill__broadside__broadsheet__flier__flyer__throwaway an advertisement (usually printed on a page or in a leaflet) intended for wide distribution; "he mailed the circular to all subscribers"
subtype: stuffer a advertising circular that is enclosed with other material and (usually) sent by mail
subtype: sales_promotion__salespromotion promotion that supplements or coordinates advertising
subtype: sensationalism subject matter that is calculated to excite and please vulgar tastes
subtype: shocker a sensational message (in a film or play or novel)
subtype: written_material__writtenmaterial__writing__piece_of_writing the work of a writer; anything expressed in letters of the alphabet (especially when considered from the point of view of style and effect); "the writing in her novels is excellent"; "that editorial was a fine piece of writing"
subtype: title.written_material (usually plural) written material introduced into a movie or TV show to give credits or represent dialogue or explain an action; "the titles go by faster than I can read"
subtype: cryptogram__cryptograph__secret_writing a piece of writing in code or cipher
subtype: rewrite__revision__rescript something that has been written again; "the rewrite was much better"
subtype: literary_composition__literary_work imaginative or creative writing
subtype: acrostic verse in which certain letters such as the first in each line form a word or message
subtype: belles-lettres__belles_lettres creative writing valued for esthetic content
subtype: dialogue.literary_composition__dialog a literary composition in the form of a conversation between two people; "he has read Plato's Dialogues in the original Greek"
subtype: fiction a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact
subtype: novel a extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story
subtype: detective_novel__detectivenovel__mystery_novel__mysterynovel novel in which the reader is challenged to solve a puzzle before the detective explains it at the end
subtype: dime_novel__penny_dreadful__pennydreadful a melodramatic paperback novel
subtype: novelette__novella a short novel
subtype: roman_a_clef__romanaclef a novel in which actual persons and events are disguised as fictional characters
subtype: romance a novel dealing with idealized events remote from everyday life
subtype: Gothic_romance a romance that deals with desolate and mysterious and grotesque events
subtype: roman_fleuve__romanfleuve a French novel in the form of a long chronicle of a family or other social group
subtype: phantasy__fantasy fiction with a large amount of fantasy in it; "she made a lot of money writing romantic fantasies"
subtype: science_fiction__sciencefiction literary fantasy involving the imagined impact of science on society
subtype: story a piece of fiction that narrates a chain of related events; "he writes stories for the magazines"
subtype: adventure_story__adventurestory__heroic_tale a story of an adventure
subtype: thriller a suspenseful adventure story
subtype: saga an narrative telling the adventures of a hero or a family; originally (12th to 14th centuries) a story of the families that settled Iceland and their descendants but now any prose narrative that resembles such an account
subtype: mystery_story__mysterystory__mystery__whodunit a story about a crime (usually murder) presented as a novel or play or movie
subtype: detective_story a narrative about someone who investigates crimes and obtains evidence leading to their resolution
subtype: murder_mystery a narrative about a murder and how the murderer is discovered
subtype: love_story__romance a story dealing with love
subtype: legend__fable a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events
subtype: Arthurian_legend the legend of King Arthur and his court at Camelot
subtype: short_story a prose narrative shorter than a novel
subtype: apologue__fable__parable a short moral story (often with animal characters)
subtype: Aesop's_fables a collection of fables believed to have been written the Greek storyteller Aesop
subtype: myth a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people
instance: Gotterdammerung__Ragnarok__Twilight_of_the_Gods
subtype: parable (New Testament) any of the stories told by Jesus to convey his religious message; "the parable of the prodigal son"
subtype: plot the story that is told in a novel or play or movie etc.; "the characters were well drawn but the plot was banal"
subtype: action.plot the series of events that form a plot; "his novels always have a lot of action"
subtype: storyline__plot_line the plot of a book or play or film
subtype: hagiology literature narrating the lives (and legends) of the saints
subtype: lucubration.literary_composition a solemn literary work that is the product of laborious cogitation
subtype: pastoral a literary work idealizing the rural life (especially the life of shepherds)
subtype: eclogue__idyll a short descriptive poem of rural or pastoral life
subtype: poem__verse_form__verseform a composition written in metrical feet forming rhythmical lines
subtype: abecedarius__abecedariu a poem having lines beginning with letters of the alphabet in regular order
subtype: Alcaic_verse__Alcaic verse in the meter used in Greek and Latin poetry consisting of strophes of 4 tetrametric lines; reputedly invented by Alcaeus
subtype: lay__ballad a narrative poem of popular origin
subtype: ballade a poem consisting of 3 stanzas and an envoy
subtype: blank_verse__blankverse unrhymed verse (usually in iambic pentameter)
subtype: elegy__lament a mournful poem; a lament for the dead
subtype: epic_poem__epic__epos a long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds
subtype: Aeneid an epic in Latin by Virgil; tells the adventures of Aeneas after the Trojan War; provides an illustrious historical background for the Roman Empire
subtype: Iliad a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the siege of Troy
subtype: Odyssey a Greek epic poem (attributed to Homer) describing the journey of Odysseus after the fall of Troy
subtype: Nibelungenlied an epic poem written in Middle High German and based on the legends of Siegfried and Teutonic kings
subtype: chanson_de_geste Old French epic poems
subtype: rhapsody an epic poem adapted for recitation
subtype: heroic_verse a verse form suited to the treatment of heroic or elevated themes; dactylic hexameter or iambic pentameter
subtype: free_verse__vers_libre unrhymed verse without a consistent metrical pattern
subtype: haiku an epigrammatic Japanese verse form of three short lines
subtype: lyric_poem__lyricpoem__lyric a short poem of songlike quality
subtype: ode a lyric poem with complex stanza forms
subtype: Horatian_ode__Sapphic_ode an ode with several stanzas
subtype: Pindaric_ode__Pindaric an ode form used by Pindar; has triple groups of triple units
subtype: choral_ode ode sung by the chorus in classical Greek drama
subtype: rondeau__rondel a French verse form of 10 or 13 lines running on two rhymes; the opening phrase is repeated as the refrain of the second and third stanzas
subtype: roundel.rondeau English form of rondeau having three triplets with a refrain after the first and third
subtype: rondelet a shorter form of rondeau
subtype: sonnet a verse form consisting of 14 lines with a fixed rhyme scheme
subtype: Petrarchan_sonnet__Italian_sonnet a sonnet consisting of an octave with the rhyme pattern abbaabba, followed by a sestet with the rhyme pattern cdecde or cdcdcd
subtype: Shakespearean_sonnet__Elizabethan_sonnet__English_sonnet a sonnet consisting three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef gg
subtype: Spenserian_sonnet a sonnet consisting of three quatrains and a concluding couplet in iambic pentameter with the rhyme pattern abab bcbd cdcd ee
subtype: tanka a form of Japanese poetry; the 1st and 3rd lines have five syllables and the 2nd, 4th, and 5th have seven syllables
subtype: terza_rima__terzarima a verse form with a rhyme scheme: aba bcb cdc, etc.
subtype: verse__rhyme a piece of poetry
subtype: clerihew a witty satiric verse containing two rhymed couplets and mentioning a famous person
subtype: doggerel_verse__doggerel__jingle a comic verse of irregular measure; "he had heard some silly doggerel that kept running through his mind"
subtype: limerick a humorous verse form of 5 anapestic lines with a rhyme scheme aabba
subtype: versicle a short verse said or sung by a priest or minister in public worship and followed by a response from the congregation
subtype: sursum_corda (Roman Catholic Church) a Latin versicle meaning "lift up your hearts"
subtype: potboiler a literary composition of poor quality that was written quickly to make money (to boil the pot)
subtype: tushery writing of poor quality; characterized by affected choice of archaic words
subtype: literature creative writing of recognized artistic value
subtype: literature.written_material published writings in a particular style on a particular subject; "the technical literature"; "one aspect of Waterloo has not yet been treated in the literature"
subtype: matter written works (especially in books or magazines); "he always took some reading matter with him on the plane"
subtype: textual_matter__textualmatter__text the words of something written; "there were more than a thousand words of text"; "they handed out the printed text of the mayor's speech"; "he wants to reconstruct the original text"
subtype: stanza a fixed number of lines of verse forming a unit of a poem
subtype: couplet a stanza consisting of two successive lines of verse; usually rhymed
subtype: closed_couplet a rhymed couplet that forms a complete syntactic unit
subtype: heroic_couplet a couplet written in an elevated style
subtype: octave.stanza a rhythmic group of eight lines of verse
subtype: sestet a rhythmic group of six lines of verse
subtype: envoy__envoi a brief stanza concluding certain forms of poetry
subtype: quatrain a stanza of four lines
subtype: elegiac_stanza__elegiacstanza a quatrain in iambic pentameter with abab rhyme scheme
subtype: heroic_stanza a quatrain written in elevated style; the rhyme scheme is abab
subtype: Spenserian_stanza a stanza with eight lines of iambic pentameter and a concluding Alexandrine with the rhyme pattern abab bcbc c; "the spenserian stanza was introduced by Edmund Spenser in The Faerie Queene"
subtype: strophe one section of a lyric poem or choral ode in classical Greek drama
subtype: antistrophe the section of a choral ode answering a previous strophe in classical Greek drama; the second of two metrically corresponding sections in a poem
subtype: rhyme_royal__rhymeroyal a stanza form having seven lines of iambic pentameter; introduced by Chaucer
subtype: ottava_rima a stanza of eight lines of heroic verse with the rhyme scheme abababcc
subtype: electronic_text text that is in a form that a computer can store and display on a computer screen
subtype: machine-displayable_text__machinedisplayabletext electronic text that is stored and used in the form of a digital image
subtype: machine-readable_text electronic text that is stored as strings of characters and that can be displayed in a variety of formats
subtype: hypertext machine-readable text that is not sequential but is organized so that related items of information are connected; "Let me introduce the word hypertext to mean a body of written or pictorial material interconnected in such a complex way that it could not conveniently be presented or represented on paper"--Ted Nelson
subtype: written_matter__writtenmatter__copy matter to be printed; exclusive of graphical materials
subtype: dump (computer science) a copy of the contents of a computer storage device; sometimes used in debugging programs
subtype: core_dump (computer science) dump of the contents of the chief registers in the CPU
subtype: fair_copy a clean copy of a corrected draft
subtype: filler.written_matter copy to fill space between more important articles in the layout of a magazine or newspaper
subtype: draft_copy__draftcopy__draft preliminary version of a written work
subtype: hard_copy text that is typed or printed on paper; "he ran off a hard copy of the report"
subtype: installment.textual_matter__instalment a part of a published serial
subtype: fascicle__fascicule an installment of a printed work
subtype: missive__letter a written message addressed to a person or organization; "wrote an indignant letter to the editor"
subtype: business_letter a letter dealing with business
subtype: covering_letter__cover_letter__coverletter a letter sent along with other documents to provide additional information
subtype: crank_letter__crankletter a hostile (usually anonymous) letter
subtype: encyclical_letter__encyclical a letter from the pope sent to all Roman Catholic bishops throughout the world
subtype: personal_letter a letter dealing with personal affairs
subtype: short_letter__shortletter__note__line a short personal letter; "drop me a line when you get there"
subtype: love_letter__billet_doux a personal letter to a loved one expressing affection
subtype: form_letter a letter that is printed in multiple copies and mailed to a list of recipients
subtype: open_letter a letter of protest; addressed to one person but intended for the general public
subtype: chain_letter__chainletter a letter that is sent successively to several people
subtype: pastoral.missive a letter from a pastor to the congregation
subtype: round_robin a letter signed by a number of people
subtype: airmail_letter__airmailletter__air_letter__airletter__aerogram__aerogramme a letter sent by air mail
subtype: epistle especially a long, formal letter
subtype: dead_letter a letter that can neither be delivered nor returned
subtype: letter_of_intent any letter expressing an intention to take (or forgo) some action
subtype: investment_letter a letter of intent saying that a letter security is being bought for investment and not for resale; avoids need for SEC registration
subtype: line.textual_matter text consisting of a row of words written across a page or column or computer screen; "the letter consisted of three short lines"
subtype: opening_line__openingline the first line of a piece of writing (as a newspaper story)
subtype: heading__head a line of text serving to indicate what the passage below it is about; "the heading seemed to have little to do with the text"
subtype: crossheading__crosshead a heading of a subsection printed within the body of the text
subtype: newspaper_headline__newspaperheadline__headline the heading or caption of a newspaper article
subtype: dropline__drop_line__stepped_line__steppedline__staggerhead__staggeredhead__stephead a headline with the top line flush left and succeeding lines indented to the right
subtype: screamer.newspaper_headline a sensational newspaper headline
subtype: streamer.newspaper_headline__banner a newspaper headline that runs across the full page
subtype: lemma.heading the head of an annotation or gloss
subtype: rubric.heading a title or heading that is printed in red or in a special type
subtype: running_head__runninghead__running_headline__runningheadline a heading printed at the top of every page (or every other page) of a book
subtype: running_title__runningtitle the title (or a shortened title) of a book used as a running head
subtype: subheading__subhead a heading of a subdivision of a text
subtype: title.subheading a general or descriptive heading for a section of a written work; "the novel had chapter titles"
subtype: credit.title an entry on a list of persons who contributed to a film or written work
subtype: caption__legend brief description accompanying an illustration
subtype: subhead__subtitle secondary or explanatory title
subtype: statute_title__statutetitle__title__rubric a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with; "Title 8 provided federal help for schools"
subtype: line_of_poetry__line_of_verse a single line of words in a poem
subtype: Alexandrine a line of verse that has six iambic feet
subtype: by-line__credit_line a line giving the name of the writer of a story or article
subtype: dateline a line at the beginning of a news article giving the date and place of origin of the news dispatch
subtype: verse_line__verseline__verse a line of metrical text
subtype: iambic a verse line consisting of iambs
subtype: Adonic_line__Adonic a verse line with a dactyl followed by a spondee or trochee; used in laments by Adonis
subtype: tetrameter a verse line having four metrical feet
subtype: pentameter a verse line having five metrical feet
subtype: hexameter a verse line having six metrical feet
subtype: octameter a verse line having eight metrical feet
subtype: octosyllable a verse line having eight syllables or a poem of octosyllabic lines
subtype: decasyllable a verse line having ten syllables
subtype: punch_line__punchline__laugh_line__laughline__gag_line__gagline__tagline the point of a joke or humorous story
subtype: actor's_line__actor'sline__speech__words__word words making up the dialogue of a play; "the actor forgot his lines"
subtype: aside a line spoken by an actor to the audience but not intended for others on the stage
subtype: cue an actor's line that immediately precedes and serves as a reminder for some action or speech
subtype: prompt__prompting a cue given to a performer (usually the beginning of the next line to be spoken); "the audience could hear his prompting"
subtype: monologue a (usually long) dramatic speech by a single actor
subtype: soliloquy a (usually long) dramatic speech intended to give the illusion of unspoken reflections
subtype: throwaway words spoken in a casual way with conscious under-emphasis
subtype: spiel__patter__line_of_gab plausible glib talk (especially useful to a salesperson)
subtype: sound_bite__soundbite a very short speech; usually on radio or television
subtype: bottom_line.line__bottomline the last line in an audit; the line that shows profit or loss
subtype: lyric__words__word__language the text of a popular song or musical-comedy number; "his compositions always started with the lyrics"; "he wrote both words and music"; "the song uses colloquial language"
subtype: love_lyric the lyric of a lovesong
subtype: text the main body of a written work (as distinct from illustrations or footnotes etc.); "pictures made the text easier to understand"
subtype: typescript typewritten matter especially a typewritten copy of a manuscript
subtype: front_matter__frontmatter__prelims__prelim written matter preceding the main text of a book
subtype: back_matter__end_matter__endmatter written matter following the main text of a book
subtype: addendum__supplement__postscript textual matter that is added onto a publication; usually at the end
subtype: appendix supplementary material that is collected and appended at the back of a book
subtype: shirttail.appendix a brief addendum at the end of a newspaper article
subtype: codicil a supplement to a will; a testamentary instrument intended to alter an already executed will
subtype: sequel__continuation a part added to a book or play that continues and extends it
subtype: criticism__literary_criticism a written evaluation of a work of literature
subtype: explication_de_texte a method of literary criticism that analyzes details of a text in order to reveal its structure and meaning
subtype: textual_criticism__textualcriticism comparison of a particular text with related materials in order to establish authenticity
subtype: lower_criticism__lowercriticism the study of existing manuscripts of Scriptures to determine the original text
subtype: higher_criticism the scientific study of biblical writings to determine their origin and meaning
subtype: new_criticism__newcriticism literary criticism based on close analysis of the text
subtype: analysis.criticism a form of literary criticism in which the structure of a piece of writing is analyzed
subtype: critical_review__review__critique__review_article an essay or article that gives a critical evaluation (as of a book or play)
subtype: book_review a critical review of a book (usually a recently published book)
subtype: notice.critical_review a short critical review; "the play received good notices"
subtype: rave an extravagantly enthusiastic review; "he gave it a rave"
subtype: paragraph one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line
subtype: diary.written_material__journal a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations
subtype: lettering__inscription letters inscribed (especially words engraved or carved) on something
subtype: Rosetta_stone an inscription of a black basalt stone; gave first clue to decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphics
subtype: superscription.lettering an inscription written above something else
subtype: epigraph an engraved inscription
subtype: epitaph an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there
subtype: ms__manuscript the form of a literary work submitted for publication
subtype: autograph something written by one's own hand
subtype: manuscript__holograph handwritten book or document
subtype: codex an unbound manuscript of some ancient classic
subtype: palimpsest a manuscript (usually written on papyrus or parchment) on which more than one text has been written with the earlier writing incompletely erased and still visible
subtype: scroll__roll a document that can be rolled up (as for storage)
subtype: Dead_Sea_scrolls a collection of written scrolls (containing nearly all of the Old Testament) found in a cave near the Dead Sea in the late 1940s; "the Dead Sea Scrolls provide information about Judaism and the Bible around the time of Jesus"
subtype: treatise a formal exposition
subtype: dissertation__thesis a treatise advancing a new point of view resulting from research; usually a requirement for an advanced academic degree
subtype: PhD_thesis
subtype: pamphlet__tract a brief treatise on a subject of interest; published in the form of a booklet
subtype: monograph a detailed and documented treatise on a particular subject
subtype: adaptation.written_material__version a written work (as a novel) that has been recast in a new form: "the play is an adaptation of a short novel"
subtype: essay.written_material an analytic or interpretive literary composition
subtype: composition__paper__report__theme an essay (especially one written as an assignment); "he got an A on his composition"
subtype: term_paper a composition intended to indicate a student's progress during a school term
subtype: incidental_music music composed to accompany the action of a drama or to fill intervals between scenes
subtype: disquisition an elaborate analytical or explanatory essay or discussion
subtype: memoir.essay an essay on a scientific or scholarly topic
subtype: sacred_text__sacred_writing__religious_writing__religiouswriting__religious_text__religioustext writing that is venerated for the worship of a deity
subtype: scripture any writing that is regarded as sacred by a religious group
subtype: canon.scripture a collection of books accepted as holy scripture especially the books of the Bible recognized by any Christian church as genuine and inspired
subtype: Zend-Avesta__Avesta sacred text of Zoroastrianism
subtype: Bhagavad-Gita (Hinduism) the sacred `song of God' composed about 200 BC and incorporated into the Mahabharata (a Sanskrit epic); contains a discussion between Krishna and the Indian hero Arjuna on human nature and the purpose of life
subtype: Mahabharata__Mahabharatam__Mahabharatum (Hinduism) a sacred epic Sanskrit poem of India dealing in many episodes with the struggle between two rival families
subtype: Bible__bible__Good_Book__Holy_Scripture__Holy_Writ__Scripture__Word_of_God__Word the sacred writings of the Christian religion; "he went to carry the Word to the heathen"
subtype: family_Bible a large Bible with pages to record marriages and births
subtype: Vulgate the Latin version of the Bible used by Roman Catholics
subtype: Rheims-Douay_Bible__Douay_Bible__Douay_Version__Douay-Rheims_Bible__Douay-Rheims_Version__Rheims-Douay_Version an English translation of the Vulgate by Roman Catholic scholars
subtype: King_James_Bible__King_James_Version__Authorized_Version an English translation of the Bible published in 1611
subtype: British_Revised_Version a British revision of the Authorized Version
subtype: New_English_Bible a modern English version of the Bible and Apocrypha
subtype: American_Standard_Version__American_Revised_Version a revised version of the King James Version
subtype: Revised_Standard_Version a revision of the American Standard Version
subtype: Pentateuch__Torah__Laws the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Old Testament considered as a unit
subtype: Prophets the second of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures
subtype: Hagiographa__Writings the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures
subtype: Testament__testament either of the two main parts of the Christian Bible
subtype: Gospel__Gospels__evangel four books in the New Testament that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings
subtype: Gospel_According_to_Matthew__Matthew one of the Gospels in the New Testament; includes the Sermon on the Mount
subtype: Gospel_According_to_Mark__Mark the shortest of the four Gospels in the New Testament
subtype: Gospel_According_to_Luke__Luke one of the four Gospels in the New Testament; contains details of Jesus's birth and early life
subtype: Gospel_According_to_John__John the last of the four Gospels in the New Testament
subtype: Word_of_God.Gospel__wordofgod the message of the gospel of Christ
subtype: The_Book_of_Mormon__Book_of_Mormon revealed to Joseph Smith in 1830 by an ancient prophet Mormon; supposedly a record of ancient peoples of America translated by Joseph Smith
subtype: prayer.sacred_text a fixed text used in praying
subtype: Angelus a prayer said 3 times a day by Roman Catholics in memory of the Annunciation
subtype: Ave_Maria__Hail_Mary a salutation to the Virgin Mary now used in prayers to Her
subtype: Canticle_of_Simeon__Nunc_dimittis the prayer of Simeon; Luke 2:29-32
subtype: Evening_Prayer__evensong (Anglican Church) a daily evening service with prayers prescribed in the Book of Common Prayer
subtype: Kol_Nidre the opening prayer on the eve of Yom Kippur
subtype: Litany a prayer consisting of a series of invocations by the priest with responses from the congregation
subtype: Lord's_Prayer the prayer that Christ gave his disciples in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 6:9-13)
subtype: Paternoster (Roman Catholic) the Lord's Prayer in Latin; translates as "our father"
subtype: service_book__servicebook a book setting forth the forms of church service
subtype: Book_of_Common_Prayer the Anglican service book of the Church of England; has had several revisions since the Reformation and is widely admired for the dignity and beauty of its language
subtype: Apocrypha 14 books of the Old Testament included in the Vulgate but omitted in Jewish and Protestant versions of the Bible
subtype: Koran__Quran sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Mohammed during his life at Mecca and Medina; divided into 114 chapters
subtype: Talmud sacred writings of Orthodox Judaism
subtype: Veda__Samhita any of the Hindu sacred writing
subtype: Rig-Veda a Veda consisting of Hindu poems dating from before 2000 BC
subtype: Sama-Veda a collection of mantras and tunes for use with the Rig-Veda
subtype: Atharva-Veda a collection of mantras and formulas
subtype: Yajur-Veda a collection of sacrificial formulas
subtype: Brahmana Hindu sacred text instructing the Brahmins to perform the Vedic rituals
subtype: Upanishad later sacred texts of Hinduism dealing with broad philosophical questions
subtype: mantra (Hinduism or Buddhism) a sacred word or syllable repeated in prayer or meditation
subtype: psalm any sacred song used to praise the Deity
subtype: Psalm one of the 150 lyrical poems and prayers that comprise the Book of Psalms in the Old Testament; said to have been written by David
subtype: screed.written_material a long piece of writing
subtype: written_document__writtendocument__document__papers writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)
subtype: articles_of_incorporation a document filed with a state by the founders of a corporation
subtype: ballot a document listing the alternatives that is used in voting
subtype: absentee_ballot__absenteeballot a ballot that is cast in absentia (usually mailed in prior to election day)
subtype: brevet a document entitling a commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily (but without higher pay)
subtype: credential__certificate__certification__credentials__credential a document attesting to the truth of certain stated facts
subtype: certificate_of_incorporation state approval of the articles of incorporation of a corporation
subtype: identity_card__card a card certifying the identity of the bearer; "he had to show his card to get in"
subtype: business_card a card on which are printed the person's name and business affiliation
subtype: membership_card a card certifying membership in an organization
subtype: union_card__unioncard a card certifying membership in a labor union
subtype: library_card__librarycard__borrower's_card a card certifying the bearer's right to use the library
subtype: ration_card a card certifying the bearer's right to purchase rationed goods
subtype: birth_certificate__birthcertificate a copy of the official document giving details of a person's birth
subtype: diploma__sheepskin a document certifying the successful completion of a course of study
subtype: military_commission__commission an official document issued by a government and conferring on the recipient the rank of an officer in the armed forces
subtype: bill_of_health a certificate saying that a ship's company was healthy
subtype: teaching_certificate__teacher's_certificate__teacher'scertificate a certificate saying that the holder is qualified to teach in the public schools
subtype: probate_will__probatewill a judicial certificate saying that a will is genuine and conferring on the executors the power to administer the estate
subtype: charter a document incorporating an institution and specifying its rights; includes the articles of incorporation and the certificate of incorporation
subtype: Magna_Charta__Magna_Carta__great_charter__greatcharter the charter given to English barons by King John in 1215
subtype: bank_charter a charter authorizing the operation of a bank
subtype: commercial_document__commercial_instrument a document of or relating to commerce
subtype: financial_statement__financialstatement__statement a document showing credits and debits
subtype: bank_statement a periodic statement prepared by a bank for each client; "I wish my bank statement arrived earlier in the month"
subtype: invoice__account a statement of money owed for goods or services; "he paid his bill and left"; "send me an account of what I owe"
subtype: electric_bill a bill for money owed for electricity used
subtype: hotel_bill__hotelbill statement of charges for staying in a hotel
subtype: medical_bill__medicalbill__doctor'sbill statement of charges for medical services
subtype: phone_bill__phonebill__telephone_bill__telephonebill statement of charges for telephone service
subtype: reckoning__tally a bill for an amount due
subtype: tax_bill__taxbill money owed for taxes
subtype: chit__check__tab the bill in a restaurant; "he asked the waiter for the check"
subtype: account_statement__accountstatement__account a statement of recent transactions and the resulting balance; "they send me an accounting every month"
subtype: capital_account__capitalaccount (finance) an account of the net value of a business at a specified date
subtype: capital_account.account_statement__capitalaccount (economics) that part of the balance of payments recording a nation's outflow and inflow of financial securities
subtype: profit_and_loss_account__profit_and_loss an account compiled at the end of an accounting period to show gross and net profit or loss
subtype: suspense_account an account used temporarily to carry doubtful receipts and disbursements or discrepancies pending their analysis and permanent classification
subtype: expense_account__expenseaccount__travel_and_entertainment_account an account to which salespersons or executives can charge travel and entertainment expenses
subtype: income_statement__earnings_report__operating_statement__operatingstatement__profit-and-loss_statement a financial statement that gives operating results for a specific period
subtype: voucher__coupon a negotiable certificate that can be detached and redeemed as needed
subtype: luncheon_voucher__meal_ticket coupon redeemable at a restaurant and entitling the holder to a meal
subtype: twofer a coupon that allows the holder to purchase two items (as two tickets to a play) for the price of one
subtype: ticket a commercial document showing that the holder is entitled to something (as to ride on public transportation or to enter a public entertainment)
subtype: commutation_ticket__commutationticket__season_ticket a ticket good for several trips or to attend a season of entertainments; sold at a reduced rate
subtype: plane_ticket__planeticket__airplaneticket a ticket good for a trip on an airplane
subtype: pass.ticket__pas a complementary (free) ticket; "the start got passes for his family"
subtype: transfer.ticket a ticket that allows a passenger to change conveyances
subtype: railroad_ticket__train_ticket__trainticket a ticket good for a ride on a railroad train
subtype: theater_ticket__theaterticket__theatre_ticket__theatreticket a ticket good for admission to a theater
subtype: bus_ticket__busticket a ticket good for a ride on a bus
subtype: round-trip_ticket__return_ticket a ticket to a place and back (usually over the same route)
subtype: day_return__dayreturn a return ticket (at reduced fare) for traveling both ways in the same day
subtype: appraisal.commercial_document__estimate__estimation a document appraising the value of something (as for insurance or taxation)
subtype: overestimate__overestimation__overvaluation__overappraisal an appraisal that is too high
subtype: purchase_order__order a commercial document used to request someone to supply something in return for payment; "IBM received an order for a hundred computers"
subtype: credit_order__bill-me_order an order that is received without payment; requires billing at a later date
subtype: open_account an unpaid credit order
subtype: indent (British) an order for goods to be exported or imported
subtype: market_order an order to a broker to sell or buy stocks or commodities at the prevailing market price
subtype: stop_order__stop-loss_order an order to a broker to sell (buy) when the price of a security falls (rises) to a designated level
subtype: stop_payment a depositor's order to a bank to refuse payment on a check
subtype: mail_order a purchase negotiated by mail
subtype: confession.written_document a written document acknowledging an offense and signed by the guilty party
subtype: copyright__rightoffirstpublication a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
subtype: inclosure__enclosure something (usually a supporting document) that is enclosed in an envelope with a covering letter
subtype: form a printed document with spaces in which to write; "he filled out his tax form"
subtype: application_form__applicationform a form to use when making an application
subtype: claim_form__claimform a form to use when filing a claim
subtype: order_form__orderform a form to use when placing an order
subtype: questionnaire a form containing a set of questions; submitted to people to gain statistical information
subtype: personality_inventory__personalityinventory a questionnaire that is supposed to yield a description of a person's personality traits; "a personality inventory is a direct test of personality, as contrasted with a projective test"
subtype: requisition_form__requisitionform__requisition an official form on which a request in made; "first you have to fill out the requisition
subtype: tax_form__taxform a form to use when paying your taxes
subtype: telegraph_form__telegraphform a form to use when sending a telegram
subtype: legal_document__legaldocument__legal_instrument__legalinstrument__officialdocument__instrument a document that states some contractual relationship or grants some right
subtype: derivative_instrument__derivative a financial instrument whose value is based on another security
subtype: futures_contract__futurescontract an agreement to buy or sell a specific amount of a commodity or financial instrument at a particular price on a stipulated future date; the contract can be sold before the settlement date
subtype: stock-index_futures__stockindexfuture a futures contract based on a stock index; a bet on the future price of the indexed group of stocks
subtype: option the right to buy or sell property at an agreed price; the right is purchased and if it is not exercised by a stated date the money is forfeited
subtype: naked_option__nakedoption a put or call option for which the seller or buyer has no underlying security position
subtype: covered_option__coveredoption a put or call option backed by the shares underlying the option
subtype: call_option.option__calloption__call the option to buy a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date
subtype: put__put_option__putoption the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date
subtype: straddle.option the option to buy or sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date; consists of an equal number of put and call options
subtype: incentive_option__incentiveoption__incentive_stock_option__incentivestockoption an option granted to corporate executives if the company achieves certain financial goals
subtype: stock_option__stockoption the right to buy or sell a stock at a specified price within a stated period
subtype: call_option an option to buy
subtype: put_option__putoption an option to sell
subtype: lock-up_option an option to buy the crown jewels offered to a white knight in order to forestall a hostile takeover
subtype: negotiable_instrument an unconditional order or promise to pay an amount of money
subtype: bill_of_exchange__draft__order_of_payment a document ordering the payment of money; drawn by one person or bank on another
subtype: overdraft a draft in excess of the credit balance
subtype: foreign_bill__foreignbill__foreign_draft__foreigndraft a bill of exchange that is drawn in one country and made payable in another
subtype: inland_bill a bill of exchange that is both drawn and made payable in the same country
subtype: redraft a draft for the amount of a dishonored draft plus the costs and charges of drafting again
subtype: trade_acceptance__tradeacceptance a bill of exchange for a specific purchase; drawn on the buyer by the seller and bearing the buyer's acceptance
subtype: bank_draft__banker's_draft a draft drawn by a bank against funds deposited in another bank
subtype: dividend_warrant an order of payment (such as a check payable to a shareholder) in which a dividend is paid
subtype: money_order__moneyorder__postal_order a written order for the payment of a sum to a named individual; obtainable and payable at a post office
subtype: banker's_acceptance__acceptance banking: a time draft drawn on and accepted by a bank
subtype: bank_check__check__cheque a written order directing a bank to pay money; "he paid all his bills by check"
subtype: bad_check__badcheck__bad_cheque__badcheque a check that is dishonored on presentation because of insufficient funds; "issuing a bad check is a form of larceny"
subtype: giro_cheque__giro (British) a check given by the British government to someone who is unemployed; it can be cashed either at a bank or at the post office
subtype: paycheck__payroll_check__payrollcheck a check issued in payment of wages or salary
subtype: certified_check__certifiedcheck__certified_cheque__certifiedcheque a check containing certification that the person who issued the check has sufficient funds on deposit to cover payment
subtype: personal_check__personal_cheque a check drawn against funds deposited in your personal checking account
subtype: cashier's_check__cashier'scheck__treasurer's_check__treasurer'scheck__cashier's_cheque__cashier'scheque__treasurer's_cheque__treasurer'scheque a check issued by the officer of a bank on the banks own account (not that of a private person); "cashier's checks are as good as cash"
subtype: blank_check__blankcheck__blank_cheque__blankcheque a check that has been signed but with the amount payable left blank
subtype: medicare_check__medicare_payment a check reimbursing an aged person for the expenses of health care
subtype: sight_draft__sightdraft a draft payable on presentation
subtype: time_draft a draft payable at a specified future date
subtype: passport.legal_document a document issued by a country to a citizen allowing that person to travel abroad and re-enter the home country
subtype: ship's_papers official papers which a ship is legally required to have; related to ownership, cargo, etc.
subtype: manifest a customs document listing the contents put on a ship or plane
subtype: debenture a certificate or voucher acknowledging a debt
subtype: power_of_attorney a legal instrument authorizing someone to act as the grantor's agent
subtype: stock_power__stockpower a power of attorney document to transfer ownership of a registered security from the owner to another party
subtype: proxy a power of attorney document given by shareholders of a corporation authorizing a specific vote on their behalf at a corporate meeting
subtype: letters_of_administration legal document naming someone to administer an estate when no executor has been named
subtype: letters_testamentary__letterstestamentary a legal document from a probate court or court officer informing you of your appointment as executor of a will and empowering you to discharge those responsibilities
subtype: working_papers__work_papers__work_permit a legal document giving information required for employment of certain people in certain countries
subtype: act__enactment a legal document codifying the result of deliberations of a committee or society or legislative body
subtype: decree__edict__fiat__order__rescript a legally binding command or decision entered on the court record (as if issued by a court or judge); "a friend in New Mexico said that the order caused no trouble out there"
subtype: consent_decree__consentdecree an agreement between two parties that is sanctioned by the court; for example, a company might agree to stop certain questionable practices without admitting guilt
subtype: curfew an order that after a specific time certain activities (as being outside on the streets) are prohibited
subtype: decree_nisi a decree issued on a first petition for divorce; becomes absolute at some later date
subtype: imperial_decree a decree issued by a sovereign ruler
subtype: ukase an edict of the Russian tsar
subtype: pragmatic_sanction__pragmaticsanction an imperial decree that becomes part of the fundamental law of the land
subtype: judicial_separation__legal_separation__legalseparation a judicial decree regulating the rights and responsibilities of a married couple living apart
subtype: programma an edict that has been publicly posted
subtype: proscription__prohibition__ban__interdiction a decree that prohibits something
subtype: banning-order__banningorder an order that bans something
subtype: enjoining__injunction__enjoinment__cease_and_desist_order (law) a judicial remedy issued in order to prohibit a party from doing or continuing to do a certain activity
subtype: mandatory_injunction__mandatoryinjunction injunction requiring the performance of some specific act
subtype: permanent_injunction__permanentinjunction__final_injunction__finalinjunction injunction issued on completion of a trial
subtype: temporary_injunction__temporaryinjunction__interlocutory_injunction__interlocutoryinjunction injunction issued during a trial to maintain the status quo or preserve the subject matter of the litigation until the trial is over
subtype: stay.decree a judicial order forbidding some action until an event occurs or the order is lifted; "the Supreme Court has the power to stay an injunction pending an appeal to the whole Court"
subtype: stay_of_execution an order whereby a judgment is precluded from being executed for a specific period of time
subtype: legislative_act__legislativeact__statute an act passed by a legislative body
subtype: enabling_act__enabling_clause__enablingclause a provision in a law that confers on appropriate officials the power to implement or enforce the law
subtype: ordinance a statute enacted by a city government
subtype: special_act__specialact a legislative act that applies only to a particular person or particular district
subtype: law legal document setting forth rules governing a particular kind of activity; "there is a law against kidnapping"
subtype: anti-drug_law a law forbidding the sale or use of narcotic drugs
subtype: anti-racketeering_law__Racketeer_Influenced_and_Corrupt_Organizations_Act__RICO_Act__RICO law intended to eradicate organized crime by establishing strong sanctions and forfeiture provisions
subtype: antitrust_legislation__antitrustlegislation__antitrust_law law intended to promote free competition in the market place by outlawing monopolies
subtype: statute_of_limitations a statute prescribing the time period during which legal action can be taken
subtype: fundamental_law__fundamentallaw__organic_law__organiclaw__constitution law determining the fundamental political principles of a government
instance: United_States_Constitution__Constitution_of_the_United_States
subtype: public_law a law affecting the public at large
subtype: blue_law a statute regulating work on Sundays
subtype: blue_sky_law a state law regulating the sale of securities in an attempt to control the sale of securities in fraudulent enterprises
subtype: homestead_law__homesteadlaw a law conferring privileges on owners of homesteads
subtype: poor_law a law providing support for the poor
subtype: Riot_Act a former English law requiring mobs to disperse after a magistrate reads the law to them
subtype: prohibition.law a law forbidding the sale of alcoholic beverages; "in 1920 the 18th amendment to the Constitution established prohibition in the US"
subtype: bill__measure a statute in draft before it becomes law; "they held a public hearing on the bill"
subtype: appropriation_bill__appropriationbill a legislative act proposing to authorize the expenditure of public funds for a specified purpose
subtype: bill_of_attainder a legislative act finding a person guilty of treason or felony without a trial
subtype: bottle_bill a statute that would require merchants to reclaim used bottles
subtype: farm_bill a statute that would regulate farm production and prices
subtype: trade_bill__tradebill a statute that would regulate foreign trade
subtype: legal_brief__legalbrief__brief a document stating the facts and points of law of a client's case
subtype: amicus_curiae_brief a brief presented by someone interested in influencing the outcome of a lawsuit but who is not a party to it
subtype: will.legal_document__testament a legal document declaring a person's wishes regarding the disposal of their property when they die
subtype: Old_Testament the collection of books comprising the sacred Scripture of the Hebrews and recording their history as the chosen people; the first half of the Christian Bible
subtype: Septuagint the pre-Christian Greek version of the Old Testament
subtype: New_Testament the collection of books of the Gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the Pauline and other Epistles, and Revelation; composed soon after Christ's death; the second half of the Christian Bible
subtype: devise.will a will disposing of real property
subtype: living_will a document written by someone still legally capable requesting that they should be allowed to die if subsequently severely disabled or suffering terminal illness; "after he discovered he had AIDS he drew up a living will"
subtype: deed_of_conveyance__deed__title a legal document signed and sealed and delivered to effect a transfer of property and to show the legal right to possess it; "he signed the deed"; "he kept the title to his car in the glove compartment"
subtype: bill_of_sale a deed transferring personal property
subtype: deed_poll a deed made and executed by only one party
subtype: mortgage_deed deed embodying a mortgage
subtype: title_deed__titledeed a legal document proving a person's right to property
subtype: muniments deeds and other documentary evidence of title to land
subtype: assignment.legal_document the instrument by which a claim or right or interest or property is transferred from one person to another
subtype: trust_deed__trustdeed__deed_of_trust a written instrument legally conveying property to a trustee often used to secure an obligation such as a mortgage or promissory note
subtype: conveyance document effecting a property transfer
subtype: quitclaim_deed__quitclaimdeed__quitclaim document transferring title or right or claim to another
subtype: income_tax_return__tax_return__taxreturn__return document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability; "his gross income was enough that he had to file a tax return"
subtype: amended_return__amendedreturn a tax return that corrects the information in an earlier return
subtype: declaration_of_estimated_tax__estimated_tax_return__estimatedtaxreturn return required of a taxpayer whose tax withheld from income does not meet the tax liability for the year
subtype: false_return__falsereturn an incorrect income tax return
subtype: information_return__informationreturn a return that provides information to the tax collector but does not compute the tax liability
subtype: joint_return__jointreturn a return filed by a husband and wife
subtype: license__permit a legal document giving official permission to do something
subtype: building_permit a document authorizing the holder to construct a building of a particular kind on a particular lot
subtype: driver's_license__driving_license__drivinglicense a license authorizing the bearer to drive a motor vehicle
subtype: fishing_license__fishinglicense__fishing_permit__fishingpermit a license authorizing the bearer to fish during a specified period of time
subtype: hunting_license__huntinglicense__hunting_permit__huntingpermit__game_license a license authorizing the bearer to kill a certain type of animal during a specified period of time
subtype: learner's_permit__learner'spermit a document authorizing the bearer to learn to drive an automobile
subtype: letter_of_marque__letters_of_marque__letter_of_mark_and_reprisal a license to a private citizen to seize property of another nation
subtype: liquor_license a license authorizing the holder to sell alcoholic beverages
subtype: on-license a license to sell liquor for consumption on the premises
subtype: marriage_license__wedding_license a license authorizing a man and a woman to marry
subtype: occupation_license a license to pursue a particular occupation
subtype: liberty_chit__libertychit__pass a permit to enter or leave a military installation; "he had to show his pass in order to get out"
subtype: software_license
subtype: free_software/freeware/shareware_licence
subtype: freeware_license
subtype: shareware_license__sharewarelicense
subtype: GNU_general_public_license
subtype: GNU_lesser_general_public_license
subtype: proprietary_software_license
subtype: BSD_license
subtype: bundled_with_Mac_OS_X_license
subtype: bundled_with_Microsoft_Windows_license
subtype: letters_patent__letterspatent__patent an official document granting a right or privilege
subtype: judgement__judgment__opinion the legal document stating the reasons for a judicial decision; "opinions are usually written by a single judge"
subtype: concurring_opinion an opinion that agrees with the court's disposition of the case but is written to express a particular judge's reasoning
subtype: dissenting_opinion an opinion that disagrees with the court's disposition of the case
subtype: majority_opinion the opinion joined by a majority of the court (generally known simply as `the opinion')
subtype: dictum__obiter_dictum an opinion voiced by a judge on a point of law not directly bearing on the case in question and therefore not binding
subtype: acquittance__release a legal document evidencing the discharge of a debt or obligation
subtype: judicial_writ__writ a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer
subtype: court_order__courtorder a writ issued by a court of law requiring a person to do something or to refrain from doing something
subtype: divestiture an order to an offending party to rid itself of property; it has the purpose of depriving the defendant of the gains of wrongful behavior; "the court found divestiture to be necessary in preventing a monopoly"
subtype: warrant a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts
subtype: search_warrant a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to search for objects or people involved in the commission of a crime and to produce them in court; the warrant describes the locations where the officials may search
subtype: bench_warrant__benchwarrant__arrest_warrant a warrant authorizing law enforcement officials to apprehend an offender and bring that person to court
subtype: pickup.bench_warrant (informal) a warrant to take someone into custody; "put out a pickup on that man"
subtype: death_warrant__deathwarrant a warrant to execute the death sentence
subtype: lettre_de_cachet__cachet French history: the king could warrant imprisonment or death in a signed letter under his seal
subtype: reprieve.warrant a warrant granting postponement (usually to postpone the execution of the death sentence)
subtype: commutation.warrant a warrant substituting a lesser punishment for a greater one
subtype: pardon__amnesty a warrant granting release from punishment for an offense
subtype: assize an ancient writ issued by a court of assize to the sheriff for the recovery of property
subtype: writ_of_certiorari__certiorari a common law writ issued by a superior court to one of inferior jurisdiction demanding the record of a particular case
subtype: writ_of_habeas_corpus__habeas_corpus a writ ordering a prisoner to be brought before a judge
subtype: venire_facias a judicial writ ordering a sheriff to summon people for jury duty
subtype: writ_of_mandamus__mandamus an extraordinary writ commanding an official to perform a ministerial act that the law recognizes as an absolute duty and not a matter for the official's discretion; used only when all other judicial remedies fail
subtype: attachment.judicial_writ a writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding
subtype: fieri_facias a writ ordering a levy on the belongings of a debtor to satisfy the debt
subtype: scire_facias a judicial writ based on some record and requiring the party against whom it is brought to show cause why the record should not be enforced or annulled
subtype: writ_of_detinue a writ ordering the release of goods that have been unlawfully detained
subtype: writ_of_execution a writ ordering that a judgment be enforced
subtype: writ_of_election a writ ordering the holding of an election
subtype: writ_of_error a judicial writ from an appellate court ordering the court of record to produce the records of trial
subtype: writ_of_prohibition a judicial writ from a higher court ordering a lower court not to exercise jurisdiction in a particular case
subtype: writ_of_right a writ ordering that land be restored to its rightful owner
subtype: summons.judicial_writ__summon__process__proces a writ issued by authority of law; usually compels the defendant's attendance in a civil suit; failure to appear results in a default judgment against the defendant
subtype: citation a summons that commands the appearance of a party at a proceeding
subtype: ticket.summons a summons issued to an offender (especially to someone who violates a traffic regulation)
subtype: speeding_ticket a ticket issued for driving above the speed limit
subtype: parking_ticket__parkingticket a ticket issued for parking in a restricted place
subtype: subpoena_ad_testificandum__subpoena a writ issued by court authority to compel the attendance of a witness at a judicial proceeding; disobedience may be punishable as a contempt of court
subtype: subpoena_duces_tecum a writ issued by a court at the request of one of the parties to a suit; it requires a witness to bring to court or to a deposition any relevant documents under the witness's control
subtype: mandate__authorization__authorisation a document giving an official instruction or command
subtype: affidavit__attestation written declaration made under oath; a written statement sworn to be true before someone legally authorized to administer an oath
subtype: written_agreement__writtenagreement a legal document summarizing the agreement between parties
subtype: bill_of_indictment__indictment a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense
subtype: murder_charge__murder_indictment an indictment charging someone with murder
subtype: true_bill an indictment endorsed by a grand jury
subtype: impeachment a formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office
subtype: arraignment a legal document calling someone to court to answer an indictment
subtype: certificate__security a formal declaration that documents a fact of relevance to finance and investment; the holder has a right to receive interest or dividends; "he held several valuable securities"
subtype: government_security__agency_security a security issued by US government agencies or the Federal Land Bank
subtype: mortgage-backed_security a security created when a group of mortgages are gathered together and bonds are sold to other institutions or the public; investors receive a portion of the interest payments on the mortgages as well as the principal payments; usually guaranteed by the government
subtype: registered_security a security whose owner's name is recorded on the books of the issuer (or issuer's agent)
subtype: registered_bond a bond whose owner is recorded on the books of the issuer; can be transferred to another owner only when endorsed by the registered owner
subtype: scrip a certificate whose value is recognized by the payer and payee; scrip is not currency but may be convertible into currency
subtype: stock_certificate__stockcertificate__stock a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation; "the value of his stocks doubled during the past year"
subtype: share any of the equal portions into which the capital stock of a corporation is divided and ownership of which is evidenced by a stock certificate; "he bought 100 shares of IBM at the market price"
subtype: bond_certificate__bond an interest-bearing (or discounted) certificate of debt issued by a government or corporation in order to raise money
subtype: bond_issue bonds sold by a corporation or government agency at a particular time and identifiable by date of maturity
subtype: convertible_bond__convertiblebond a bond that can be converted to other securities under certain conditions
subtype: corporate_bond__corporatebond a bond issued by a corporation; "a corporate bond is a safer investment than common stock in the same company"
subtype: coupon_bond__bearer_bond a bond issued with detachable coupons that must be presented to the issuer for interest payments
subtype: government_bond__governmentbond a bond that is an IOU on the US Treasury; considered the safest security in the investment world
subtype: savings_bond__savingsbond non-negotiable government bond; cannot be bought and sold once the original purchase is made
subtype: Treasuries__Treasury_obligations negotiable debt obligations of the US government secured by its full faith and credit
subtype: Treasury_bill__T-bill a short-term obligation that is not interest-bearing (it is purchased at a discount); can be traded on a discount basis for 91 days
subtype: Treasury_bond a debt instrument with maturities of 10 years or longer
subtype: Treasury_note securities with maturities of 1 to 10 years; sold for cash or in exchange for maturing issues or at auction
subtype: junk_bond a (speculative) bond with a credit rating of BB or lower; issued for leveraged buyouts and other takeovers by companies with questionable credit
subtype: municipal_bond__municipalbond a bond issued by a state or local government
subtype: utility_bond__utilitybond__utility_revenue_bond__utilityrevenuebond a bond issued to finance the construction of public utility services
subtype: noncallable_bond__noncallablebond a bond containing a provision that the holder cannot redeem the security before a specific date (usually at maturity)
subtype: performance_bond__performancebond__surety_bond a bond given to protect the recipient against loss in case the terms of a contract are not filled; a surety company assumes liability for nonperformance
subtype: post-obit_bond a bond made by a reversioner to secure a loan; payable out of his reversion
subtype: registered_bond a bond whose owner is recorded on the books of the issuer; can be transferred to another owner only when endorsed by the registered owner
subtype: revenue_bond__revenuebond a bond issued by an agency that is commissioned to finance public works; revenue from the public property is used to pay off the bond
subtype: secured_bond__securedbond a bond that is back by collateral
subtype: unsecured_bond__unsecuredbond__debenture__debenture_bond__debenturebond a bond that is backed by the credit of the issuer but not by any specific collateral
subtype: zero_coupon_bond a bond (corporate or government) that is issued at a deep discount from its value at maturity and pays no interest during the life of the bond
subtype: zero-coupon_security a security that makes no interest payments but instead is sold at a deep discount from its face value
subtype: zero-coupon_bond the commonest form of zero-coupon security
subtype: partnership_certificate__partnershipcertificate a certificate showing the interests of all parties in a business partnership
subtype: proprietorship_certificate a certificate showing who is responsible in an individually owned business
subtype: convertible_security__convertiblesecurity__convertible a corporate security (usually bonds or preferred stock) that can be exchanged for another form of security (usually common stock)
subtype: letter_security a stock or bond that is not registered with the Securities Exchange Commission and cannot be sold in the public market
subtype: letter_stock stock that has not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold to the general public
subtype: letter_bond a bond that has not been registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and cannot be sold to the general public
subtype: listed_security a security that has been accepted for trading by one of the organized and registered securities exchanges in the US
subtype: unlisted_security__over_the_counter_security__OTC_security a security traded in the over-the-counter market
subtype: over_the_counter_stock__OTC_stock__unlisted_stock stock that is not listed and traded on an organized exchange
subtype: penny_stock__pennystock a stock selling for less that $1/share
subtype: papyrus a document written on papyrus
subtype: patent a document granting an inventor sole rights to an invention
subtype: political_platform__politicalplatform__platform__political_program__politicalprogram__program a document stating the aims and principles of a political party; "their candidate simply ignored the party platform"; "they won the election even though they offered no positive program"
subtype: resignation.written_document a formal document giving notice of your intention to resign; "he submitted his resignation as of next month"
subtype: resolution__resolve a formal expression by a meeting; agreed to by a vote
subtype: joint_resolution__jointresolution (U.S.) a resolution passed by both houses of Congress which becomes legally binding when signed by the chief executive (or passed over the executive's veto)
instance: Declaration_of_Independence
subtype: source a document (or organization) from which information is obtained; "the reporter had two sources for the story"
subtype: source_materials publications from which information is obtained
subtype: fountainhead__well__wellspring an abundant source; "she was a well of information"
subtype: dramatic_composition__dramatic_work a play for performance on the stage or television or in a movie etc.
subtype: play__drama a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage; "he wrote several plays but only one was produced on Broadway"
subtype: theater_of_the_absurd plays stressing the irrational or illogical aspects of life, usually to show that modern life is pointless; "Samuel Beckett and Eugene Ionesco have written plays for the theater of the absurd"
subtype: playlet a short play
subtype: miracle_play__miracleplay a medieval play representing episodes from the life of a saint or martyr
subtype: morality_play an allegorical play popular in the 15th and 16th centuries; characters personified virtues and vices
subtype: mystery_play__mysteryplay a medieval play representing episodes from the life of Christ
subtype: Passion_play a play representing the Passion of Christ
subtype: satyr_play__satyrplay an ancient Greek burlesque with a chorus of satyrs
subtype: act.dramatic_composition a subdivision of a play or opera or ballet
subtype: scene.dramatic_composition a subdivision of an act of a play; "the first act has three scenes"
subtype: playscript__script__book a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance
subtype: promptbook__prompt_copy the copy of the playscript used by the prompter
subtype: continuity.playscript a detailed script used in making a film in order to avoid discontinuities from shot to shot
subtype: dialog__dialogue the lines spoken by characters in drama or fiction
subtype: duologue a part of the script in which the speaking roles are limited to two actors
subtype: libretto the words of an opera or musical play
subtype: scenario an outline or synopsis of a play
subtype: screenplay a script for a film including dialogue and descriptions of characters and sets
subtype: shooting_script the final detailed script for making a movie or TV program
subtype: dithyramb a wildly enthusiastic speech or piece of writing
subtype: plagiarism a piece of writing that has been copied from someone else and is presented as being your own work
subtype: code.laws__codification a set of rules or principles or laws especially written ones
subtype: Bushido traditional code of the Japanese samurai which stressed courage and loyalty and self-discipline and simple living
subtype: legal_code__legalcode a code of laws adopted by a state or nation: "a code of laws"
subtype: Roman_law__Justinian_code__civil_law__civillaw__jus_civile__juscivile the legal code of ancient Rome; codified under Justinian; the basis for many modern systems of civil law
subtype: Salic_law the code of laws of the Salian Franks and other German tribes
subtype: criminal_law the body of law dealing with crimes and their punishment
subtype: penal_code__penalcode the legal code governing crimes and their punishment
subtype: building_code set of standards established and enforced by local government for the structural safety of buildings
subtype: sanitory_code__health_code set of standards established and enforced by government for health requirements as in plumbing etc
subtype: fire_code set of standards established and enforced by government for fire prevention and safety in case of fire as in fire escapes etc
subtype: public_knowledge__general_knowledge__generalknowledge knowledge that is available to anyone
subtype: common_knowledge something generally known to everyone
subtype: ancient_history__ancienthistory knowledge of some recent fact or event that has become so commonly known that it has lost its original pertinence
subtype: light.public_knowledge public awareness; "it brought the scandal to light"
subtype: open.public_knowledge__surface information that has become public; "all the reports were out in the open"; "the facts had been brought to the surface"
subtype: cognitive_factor__cognitivefactor something immaterial (as a circumstance or influence) that contributes to producing a result
subtype: difficulty a factor causing trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to produce a negative result; "serious difficulties were encountered in obtaining a pure reagent"
subtype: trouble.difficulty a source of difficulty: "one trouble after another delayed the job"; "what's the problem?"
subtype: can_of_worms (informal) a source of unpredictable trouble and complexity
subtype: deep_water serious trouble
subtype: growing_pains__growingpain problems that arise in enlarging an enterprise (especially in the early stages)
subtype: matter.trouble a problem; "is anything the matter?"
subtype: facer (a dated Briticism) a serious difficulty with which one is suddenly faced
subtype: killer a difficulty that is hard to deal with; "that exam was a real killer"
subtype: pisser a very disagreeable difficulty
subtype: pitfall an unforeseen or unexpected difficulty
subtype: snorter.difficulty (British) something outstandingly difficult; "the problem was a real snorter"
subtype: deterrent__hindrance__impediment__handicap something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress
subtype: albatross__albatros (figurative) something that hinders or handicaps; "she was an albatross around his neck"
subtype: bind something that hinders as if with bonds
subtype: obstacle.deterrent__obstruction something immaterial that stands in the way and must be circumvented or surmounted: "lack of immagination is an obstacle to one's advancement"; "the poverty of a district is an obstacle to good education"; "the filibuster was a major obstruction to the success of their plan"
subtype: barrier.obstacle any condition that makes it difficult to make progress or to achieve an objective; "intolerance is a barrier to understanding"
subtype: ideological_barrier__ideologicalbarrier a barrier to cooperation or interaction resulting from conflicting ideologies
subtype: iron_curtain an impenetrable barrier to communication or information especially as imposed by rigid censorship and secrecy; used by Winston Churchill in 1946 to describe the demarcation between democratic and communist countries
subtype: bamboo_curtain an ideological barrier around communist China especially in the 1950s and 1960s
subtype: color_bar__colorbar__colour_bar__color_line__colorline__colourline__Jim_Crow barrier preventing blacks from participating in various activities with whites
subtype: language_barrier barrier to communication resulting from speaking different languages
subtype: rub__hang-up__hitch__snag an unforeseen obstacle
subtype: hurdle.obstacle an obstacle that you are expected to overcome; "the last hurdle before graduation"
subtype: stymie a thwarting and distressing situation
subtype: determining_factor__determiningfactor__determinant__determiner__determinative__causal_factor a determining or causal element or factor; "education is an important determinant of one's outlook on life"
subtype: decisive_factor__clincher a point or fact or remark that settles something conclusively
subtype: influence.determining_factor a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do; "her wishes had a great influence on his thinking"
subtype: imponderable a factor whose effects cannot be accurately assessed: "human behavior depends on many imponderables"
subtype: leavening__leaven an influence that works subtly to lighten or modify something; "his sermons benefited from a leavening of humor"
subtype: imprint a distinctive influence; "English stills bears the imprint of the Norman invasion"
subtype: morale_builder something or someone who influences by building or strengthening morale
subtype: pestilence a pernicious evil influence
subtype: support.influence something providing immaterial support or assistance to a person or cause or interest; "the policy found little public support"; "his faith was all the support he needed"; "the team enjoyed the support of their fans"
subtype: anchor__mainstay__backbone__linchpin__lynchpin a central cohesive source of support and stability: "faith is his anchor"; "he is the linchpin of this firm"
subtype: temptation.influence__enticement something tempting or enticing
subtype: forbidden_fruit the original forbidden fruit was an apple from the tree of knowledge of good and evil in the Garden of Eden; it is now used to refer to anything that is tempting but dangerous (as sexuality)
subtype: bait__come-on__hook__lure__sweetener anything that serves as an enticement
subtype: allurement attractiveness; "its allure was its remoteness"
subtype: perception.cognition knowledge gained by perceiving; "a man admired for the depth of his perception"
subtype: discernment__perceptivenes perception of that which is obscure
subtype: insight__penetration clear or deep perception of a situation
subtype: cognizance range or scope of what is perceived
subtype: cognitive_content__cognitivecontent__content__mental_object the sum or range of what has been perceived, discovered, or learned
subtype: tradition an inherited pattern of thought or action
subtype: object.cognitive_content the focus of cognitions or feelings; "objects of thought"; "the object of my affection"
subtype: antipathy the object of a feeling of intense aversion; something to be avoided; "cats were his greatest antipathy"
subtype: center_of_attention__center the object upon which interest and attention focuses; "his stories made him the center of the party"
subtype: conversation_piece something interesting that stimulates conversation
subtype: cynosure something that strongly attracts attention (as the north star attracts mariners); "let faith be your cynosure to walk by"
subtype: eye-catcher__eyecatcher a striking person or thing that attracts attention
subtype: infatuation.object an object of extravagant short-lived passion
subtype: love.object__passion any object of warm affection or devotion; "the theater was her first love" or "he has a passion for cock fighting"
subtype: food_for_thought__food__intellectual_nourishment anything that provides mental stimulus for thinking
subtype: pabulum insipid intellectual nourishment
subtype: noumenon__thing-in-itself the intellectual conception of a thing as it is in itself, not as it is known through perception
subtype: universe_of_discourse__universe everything stated or assumed in a given discussion
subtype: topic__subject__issue__matter some situation or event that is thought about; "he kept drifting off the topic"; "he had been thinking about the subject for several years"; "it is a matter for the police"
subtype: res_judicata__resjudicata__res_adjudicata__resadjudicata a matter already settled in court; cannot be raised again
subtype: area.topic a subject of study; "it was his area of specialization"; "areas of interest include..."
subtype: gray_area__grey_area an intermediate area; a topic that is not clearly one thing or the other
subtype: territory an area of knowledge or interest; "his questions covered a lot of territory"
subtype: issue an important question that is in dispute and must be settled; "the issue could be settled by requiring public education for everyone"; "politicians never discuss the real issues"
subtype: quodlibet an issue that is presented for formal disputation
subtype: idea.cognitive_content__thought the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about; "it was not a good idea"; "the thought never entered my mind"
subtype: inspiration.idea arousal of the mind to special unusual activity or creativity
subtype: source.inspiration__seed__germ anything that provides inspiration for later work
subtype: muse the source of an artist's inspiration; "Euterpe was his muse"
subtype: mother.inspiration a condition that is the inspiration for an activity or situation; "necessity is the mother of invention"
subtype: afflatus a strong creative impulse; divine inspiration; "divine afflatus"
subtype: concept__conception__construct an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances
subtype: conceptuality__conceptualization__conceptualisation an elaborated concept
subtype: perception.conceptuality a way of conceiving something; "Luther had a new perception of the Bible"
subtype: notion a general inclusive concept
subtype: category a general concept that marks divisions or coordinations in a conceptual scheme
subtype: kind__sort__form__variety a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality; "sculpture is a form of art"; "what kinds of desserts are there?"
subtype: description.kind sort or variety; "every description of book was there"
subtype: type a subdivision of a particular kind of thing; "what type of sculpture do you prefer?"
subtype: nature.type a particular type of thing; "problems of this type are very difficult to solve"; "he's interested in trains and things of that nature"; "matters of a personal nature"
subtype: variant__variation something a little different from others of the same type; "an experimental version of the night fighter"; "an emery wheel is a modern variant of the grindstone"
subtype: antitype an opposite or contrasting type
subtype: art_form__artform a form of artistic expression (such as writing or painting or architecture)
subtype: architectural_style__architecturalstyle__style_of_architecture__type_of_architecture architecture as a kind of art form
subtype: Bauhaus a German style of architecture begun by Walter Gropius in 1918
subtype: Byzantine_architecture__Byzantine the style of architecture developed in the Byzantine Empire; massive domes with square bases and rounded arches and spires and minarets and much use of mosaics
subtype: classical_architecture__classicalarchitecture__grecoromanarchitecture architecture influenced by the ancient Greeks or Romans
subtype: Greek_architecture the architecture of ancient Greece
subtype: Roman_architecture the architecture of ancient Rome
subtype: Gothic_architecture__Gothic a style of architecture developed in N France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries; characterized by slender vertical piers and counterbalancing buttresses and by vaulting and pointed arches
subtype: perpendicular_style__perpendicularstyle__perpendicular__English-Gothic__English-Gothic_architecture a Gothic style in 14th and 15th century England; characterized by vertical lines, a four-centered (Tudor) arch, fan vaulting
subtype: Tudor_architecture a style of English-Gothic architecture popular during the Tudor period; characterized by half-timbered houses
subtype: Romanesque_architecture__Romanesque a style of architecture developed in Italy and western Europe between the Roman and the Gothic styles after 1000 AD; characterized by round arches and vaults and by the substitution of piers for columns and profuse ornament and arcades
subtype: Norman_architecture a Romanesque style first appearing in Normandy around 950 AD and used in Britain from the Norman Conquest until the 12th century
subtype: Moorish_architecture__Moorish a style of architecture common in Spain from the 13th to 16th centuries; characterized by the horseshoe (Moorish) arch
subtype: Victorian_architecture a style of architecture used in England during the reign of Queen Victoria; characterized by massive construction and elaborate ornamentation
subtype: sonata_form a musical form having 3 sections -- exposition and development and recapitulation; characteristic of 1st movement of a sonata or symphony
subtype: style a particular kind (as to appearance); "this style of shoe is in demand"
subtype: flavor__flavour (high energy physics) the kinds of quarks and antiquarks
subtype: colour.quark__color (high energy physics) the characteristic of quarks that determines their role in the strong interaction; each flavor of quarks comes in three colors
subtype: species.kind__specie__variety a specific kind of something: "a species of molecule"; "a species of villainy"
subtype: genus.kind__genu a general kind of something; "ignore the genus communism"
subtype: make__brand a recognizable kind; "there's a new brand of hero in the movies now"; "what make of car is that?"
subtype: genre.kind a kind of literary or artistic work
subtype: ilk a kind of person; "I don't like people of his ilk"
subtype: manner a kind; "what manner of man are you?"
subtype: model a type of product; "his car was an old model"
subtype: the_like__thelike__the_likes_of__thelikesof a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we don't want the likes of you around here"
subtype: pigeonhole a specific (often simplistic) category
subtype: rubric.category category name; "it is usually discussed under the rubric of `functional obesity'"
subtype: way.category a general category of things; used in the expression "in the way of": "they didn't have much in the way of clothing"
subtype: rule__regulation a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior; "it was his rule to take a walk before breakfast"; "short haircuts were the regulation"
subtype: restriction.rule__limitation a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements"
subtype: quantification.restriction a limitation imposed on the variables of a proposition (as by the quantifiers `some' or `all' or `no')
subtype: restraint.restriction a rule or condition that limits freedom; "legal restraints"; "restraints imposed on imports"
subtype: guidepost__guideline__rule_of_thumb a rule or principle that provides guidance to appropriate behavior
subtype: cy_pres_doctrine__cy_pres__cypre__rule_of_cy_pres a rule that when literal compliance is impossible the intention of a donor or testator should be carried out as nearly as possible
subtype: working_principle__workingprinciple__working_rule__workingrule a rule that is adequate to permit work to be done
subtype: abstract__abstraction a concept or idea not associated with any specific instance; "he loved her only in the abstract--not in person"
subtype: right an abstract idea of that which is due to a person or governmental body by law or tradition or nature: "they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights"; "Certain rights can never be granted to the government but must be kept in the hands of the people"- Eleanor Roosevelt; "a right is not something that somebody gives you; it is something that nobody can take away"
subtype: access.right the right to obtain or make use of or take advantage of something (as services or membership)
subtype: advowson the right in English law of presenting a nominee to a vacant ecclesiastical benefice
subtype: cabotage.right the exclusive right of a country to control the air traffic within its borders
subtype: claim.right__title an informal right to something: "his claim on her attentions"; "his title to fame"
subtype: due that which is deserved or owed: "give the devil his due"
subtype: admittance__entree__access the right to enter
subtype: door.admittance anything providing a means of access (or escape); "we closed the door to Haitian immigrants"; "education is the door to success"
subtype: open_door freedom of access; "he maintained an open door for all employees"
subtype: floor.right the parliamentary right to address an assembly; "the chairman granted him the floor"
subtype: grant.right a right or privilege that has been granted
subtype: human_right__humanright any basic right or freedom to which all human beings are entitled and in whose exercise a government may not interfere (including rights to life and liberty as well as freedom of thought and expression and equality before the law)
subtype: right_to_privacy right to be free of unsanctioned intrusion
subtype: right_to_life the right to live
subtype: right_to_liberty the right to be free
subtype: right_to_the_pursuit_of_happiness the right to try to find happiness
subtype: freedom_of_thought the right to hold unpopular ideas
subtype: equality_before_the_law the right to equal protection of the laws
subtype: civil_right__civilright__civil_rights right or rights belonging to a person by reason of citizenship including especially the fundamental freedoms and privileges guaranteed by the 13th and 14th amendments and subsequent acts of Congress including the right to legal and social and economic equality
subtype: civil_liberty__civilliberty fundamental individual right protected by law and expressed as immunity from unwarranted governmental interference
subtype: habeas_corpus right to obtain a writ of habeas corpus as protection against illegal imprisonment
subtype: freedom_of_religion guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_speech guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_the_press guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_of_assembly right peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for redress of grievances; guaranteed by the 1st amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_to_bear_arms guaranteed by the 2nd amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_search_and_seizure__freedomfromsearchandseizure guaranteed by the 4th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_due_process guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution; reaffirmed by the 14th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_self-incrimination__freedomfromselfincrimination guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_double_jeopardy guaranteed by the 5th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_speedy_and_public_trial_by_jury guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_an_attorney guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: right_to_confront_accusors guaranteed by the 6th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_cruel_and_unusual_punishment guaranteed by the 8th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: freedom_from_involuntary_servitude guaranteed by the 13th amendment to the US constitution
subtype: equal_protection_of_the_laws guaranteed by the 14th amendment to the US constitution and by the due-process clause of the 5th amendment
subtype: freedom_from_discrimination freedom from discrimination on the basis of race or sex or nationality or religion or age; guaranteed by US Federal laws
subtype: equal_opportunity__equalopportunity equivalent opportunities for employment regardless of race or color or sex or national origin
subtype: legal_right__legalright a right based in law
subtype: compulsory_process the right of a defendant to have a court use its subpoena power to compel the appearance of material witnesses before the court
subtype: preemption.legal_right__pre-emption__preemption the right of a government to seize or appropriate something (as property)
subtype: title.legal_right__claim an established or recognized right: "a strong legal claim to the property"; "he had no documents confirming his title to his father's estate"; "he staked his claim"
subtype: own_right__ownright by title vested in yourself or by virtue of qualifications that you have achieved; "a peer in his own right"; "a leading sports figure in his own right": "a fine opera in its own right"
subtype: entitlement right granted by law or contract esp to benefits
subtype: eminent_domain__eminentdomain the right of the state to take private property for public use; the 5th Amendment of the US Constitution requires that just compensation be made
subtype: franchise.legal_right a statutory right or privilege granted to a person or group by a government (especially the right to vote)
subtype: right_to_vote__vote__suffrage a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution; guaranteed to women by the 19th amendment; "American women got the vote in 1920"
subtype: patent_right the right granted by a patent; especially the exclusive right to an invention
subtype: right_of_election in probate law: the legal right of a surviving spouse to elect to take either what the deceased spouse gave under the will or the share of the estate as set forth by statute
subtype: right_of_entry the legal right to take possession of real estate in a peaceable manner
subtype: right_of_re-entry the legal right to resume possession (a right that was reserved when a former possession was parted with)
subtype: right_of_privacy a legal right (not explicitly provided in the US Constitution) to be left alone; the right to live life free from unwarranted publicity
subtype: use.legal_right__enjoyment (law) the exercise of the legal right to enjoy the benefits of owning property; "we were given the use of his boat"
subtype: fair_use the conditions under which you can use material that is copyrighted by someone else without paying royalties
subtype: usufruct a legal right to use and derive profit from property belonging to someone else provided that the property itself is not injured in any way
subtype: copyright__rightoffirstpublication a document granting exclusive right to publish and sell literary or musical or artistic work
subtype: land_tenure__tenure the right to hold property; part of an ancient hierarchical system of holding lands
subtype: copyhold a medieval form of land tenure in England; a copyhold was a parcel of land granted to a peasant by the lord of the manor in return for agricultural services
subtype: freehold tenure by which land is held in fee simple or for life
subtype: villeinage tenure by which a villein held land
subtype: preemption.right__pre-emption__preemption the right to purchase something in advance of others
subtype: preemptive_right the right granting to shareholders the first opportunity to buy a new issue of stock; provides protection against dilution of the shareholder's ownership interest
subtype: subscription_right the right of a shareholder in a company to subscribe to shares of a new issue of common stock before it is offered to the public
subtype: prerogative__privilege__perquisite__exclusive_right__exclusiveright a right reserved exclusively by a particular person or group (especially a hereditary or official right); "suffrage was the prerogative of white adult males"
subtype: easement (law) the privilege of using something that is not your own (as using another's land as a right of way to your own land)
subtype: public_easement__publiceasement any easement enjoyed by the public in general (as the public's right to use public streets)
subtype: right_of_way.easement__rightofway the privilege of someone to pass over land belonging to someone else
subtype: privilege_of_the_floor the right to be admitted onto the floor of a legislative assembly while it is in session
subtype: privilege (law) the right to refuse to divulge information obtained in a confidential relationship
subtype: attorney-client_privilege the right of a lawyer to refuse to divulge confidential information from his client
subtype: informer's_privilege the right of the government to refuse to reveal the identity of an informer
subtype: journalist's_privilege the right of a journalist to refuse to divulge sources of confidential information
subtype: marital_communications_privilege__husband-wife_privilege neither spouse can divulge confidential communications from the other while they were married
subtype: physician-patient_privilege__physicianpatientprivilege the right of a physician to refuse to divulge confidential information from a patient without the consent of the patient
subtype: priest-penitent_privilege the right of a clergyman to refuse to divulge confidential information received from a person during confession or similar exchanges
subtype: right_of_search the right of a belligerent to stop neutral ships on the high seas in wartime and search them
subtype: right_of_way.right__rightofway the right of one vehicle or vessel to take precedence over another
subtype: states'_rights the rights conceded to the states by the United States constitution
subtype: voting_right the right to vote; especially the right of a common shareholder to vote in person or by proxy on the affairs of a company
subtype: water_right__waterright__riparian_right right of access to water
subtype: absolute something that is conceived to be absolute; something that does not depends on anything else and is beyond human control; "no mortal being can influence the absolute"
subtype: teacher a personified abstraction that teaches; "books were his teachers"; "experience is a demanding teacher"
subtype: thing.abstract a special abstraction; "a thing of the spirit"; "things of the heart"
subtype: quantity something that has a magnitude and can be represented in mathematical expressions by a constant or a variable
subtype: quantum (physics) the smallest quantity of some physical property that a system can possess (according to quantum theory)
subtype: term.quantity any distinct quantity contained in a polynomial; "the general term of an algebraic equation of the n-th degree"
subtype: numerical_quantity__numericalquantity a quantity expressed as a number
subtype: zero_point__zero the quantity that registers a reading of zero on a scale
subtype: value.numerical_quantity a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed; "the value assigned was 16 milliseconds"
subtype: scale_value a value on some scale of measurement
subtype: voter_turnout__voterturnout__vote the total number of votes cast; "they are hoping for a large vote"
subtype: operand a quantity upon which a mathematical operation is performed
subtype: variable_quantity__variable a quantity that can assume any of a set of values
subtype: independent_variable__independentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable
subtype: correlate either of two correlated variables
subtype: degree_of_freedom an unrestricted variable in a frequency distribution
subtype: dependent_variable__dependentvariable a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value depends in the independent variable; if f(x)=y, y is the dependent variable
subtype: random_variable__variate__variant__stochasticvariable__chance_variable a variable quantity that is random
subtype: scalar a variable quantity that cannot be resolved into components
subtype: tensor.variable_quantity a generalization of the concept of a vector
subtype: vector a variable quantity that can be resolved into components
subtype: vector_product__cross_product__crossproduct a vector that is the product of two other vectors
subtype: vector_sum__resultant a vector that is the sum of two or more other vectors
subtype: radius_vector a line connecting a point in space to the origin of a polar coordinate system
subtype: radius_vector.vector__radiusvector a line connecting a satellite to the center of the body around which it is rotating
subtype: constant_quantity__constant a quantity that does not vary
subtype: parametric_quantity__parameter a constant in the equation of a curve that can be varied to yield a family of similar curves
subtype: degree_of_freedom.parametric_quantity__degreeoffreedom one of the minimum number of parameters needed to describe the state of a physical system
subtype: parameter.quantity a quantity (such as the mean or variance) that characterizes a statistical population and that can be estimated by calculations from sample data
subtype: mathematical_product__product a quantity obtained by multiplication; "the product of 2 and 3 is 6"
subtype: factorial the product of all the integers up to and including a given integer; "1, 2, 6, 24, and 120 are factorials"
subtype: multiple the product of a quantity by an integer; "36 is a multiple of 9"
subtype: double a quantity that is twice as great as another; "36 is the double of 18"
subtype: triple a quantity that is three times as great as another
subtype: quadruple a quantity that is four times as great as another
subtype: lowest_common_multiple__least_common_multiple__lcm the smallest multiple that is exactly divisible by every member of a set of numbers; "the least common multiple of 12 and 18 is 36"
subtype: total__sum a quantity obtained by addition
subtype: polynomial a mathematical expression that is the sum of a number of terms
subtype: monic_polynomial__monicpolynomial a polynomial in one variable
subtype: quadratic_polynomial__quadraticpolynomial__quadratic a polynomial of the second degree
subtype: biquadratic_polynomial__biquadraticpolynomial__biquadratic__quartic_polynomial__quarticpolynomial a polynomial of the fourth degree
subtype: series.polynomial (mathematics) the sum of a finite or infinite sequence of expressions
subtype: power_series the sum of terms containing successively higher integral powers of a variable
subtype: convergency the approach of an infinite series to a finite limit
subtype: divergency__divergence an infinite series that has no limit
subtype: geometric_series a geometric progression written as a sum
subtype: Fourier_series the sum of a series of trigonometric expressions; used in the analysis of periodic functions
subtype: exponential_series a series derived from the expansion of an exponential expression
subtype: proportional one of the quantities in a mathematical proportion
subtype: quotient a quantity obtained by division
subtype: difference.quantity a quantity obtained by subtraction; "profit is a positive difference between income and expenses"
subtype: binomial a quantity expressed as a sum or difference of two terms
subtype: part__section__division one of the portions into which something is regarded as divided and which together constitute a whole: "the written part of the exam"; "the finance section of the company"; "the BBC's engineering division"
subtype: beginning.part the first part or section of something: "`It was a dark and stormy night' is a hackneyed beginning for a story"
subtype: middle an intermediate part or section: "A whole is that which has beginning, middle, and end"- Aristotle
subtype: end.part a final part or section: "we have given it at the end of the section since it involves the calculus"; "Start at the beginning and go on until you come to the end"
subtype: high_point the most enjoyable part of a given experience; "the trumpet solo was the high point of the concert"
subtype: component.part__constituent__factor__ingredient an abstract part of something: "jealousy was a component of his character"; "two constituents of a musical composition are melody and harmony"; "the grammatical elements of a sentence"; "a key factor in her success"; "humor: an effective ingredient of a speech"
subtype: mathematical_point__point a geometric element that has position but no extension; "a point is defined by its coordinates"
subtype: point_of_intersection__intersection__intersection_point a point where lines intersect
subtype: vertex the point of intersection of lines or the point opposite the base of a figure
subtype: intercept the point at which a line intersects a coordinate axis
subtype: whole all of something including all its component elements or parts; "Europe as a whole"; "the whole of American literature"
subtype: unit.whole a single undivided whole; "an idea is not a unit that can be moved from one brain to another"
subtype: one a single person or thing; "he is the best one"; "this is the one I ordered"
subtype: compound a whole formed by a union of two or more elements or parts
subtype: composite__complex a conceptual whole made up of complicated and related parts
subtype: hybrid a composite of mixed origin; "the vice-presidency is a hybrid of administrative and legislative offices"
subtype: syndrome.composite a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"
subtype: natural_law__naturallaw__law a rule or body of rules of conduct inherent in human nature and essential to or binding upon human society
subtype: divine_law a law that is believed to come directly from God
subtype: principle.natural_law a basic truth or law or assumption: "the principles of democracy"
subtype: dictate a guiding principle: "the dictates of reason"
subtype: fundamentals__basics__fundamental_principle__fundamentalprinciple__basic_principle__basicprinciple__bedrock principles from which other truths can be derived; "first you must learn the fundamentals"; "let's get down to basics"
subtype: first_rudiment__firstrudiment__rudiment__first_principle__firstprinciple__alphabet__ABC__ABC's__ABCs the elementary stages of any subject (usually plural); "he mastered the rudiments of geometry"
subtype: logic.principle the principles that guide reasoning within a given field or situation; "economic logic requires it"; "by the logic of war"
subtype: pleasure_principle__pleasure-pain_principle__pleasure-unpleasure_principle (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the id; the principle that an infant seeks gratification and fails to distinguish fantasy from reality
subtype: reality_principle__realityprinciple (psychoanalysis) the governing principle of the ego; the principle that as a child grows it becomes aware of the real environment and the need to accommodate to it
subtype: conservation.principle (physics) the maintenance of a certain quantities unchanged during chemical reactions or physical transformations
subtype: conservation_of_charge__conservation_of_electricity the principle that the total electric charge of a system remains constant despite changes inside the system
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_mass__lawofconservationofmas__conservationofmas__conservation_of_matter__law_of_conservation_of_matter a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system
subtype: conservation_of_momentum the principle that the total linear momentum in a closed system is constant and is not affected by processes occurring inside the system
subtype: conservation_of_parity__parity__space-reflection_symmetry__mirror_symmetry (physics) parity is conserved in a universe in which the laws of physics are the same in a right-handed system of coordinates as in a left-handed system
instance: Tao
subtype: sound_law__soundlaw a law describing sound changes in the history of a language
subtype: Grimm's_law a sound law relating German consonants and consonants in other Indo-European languages
subtype: Verner's_law a qualification of Grimm's law
subtype: law_of_nature__law a generalization that describes recurring facts or events in nature: "the laws of thermodynamics"
subtype: all-or-none_law__allornonelaw (neurophysiology) a nerve impulse resulting from a weak stimulus is just as strong as a nerve impulse resulting from a strong stimulus
subtype: principle.law_of_nature__rule a rule or law concerning a natural phenomenon or the function of a complex system: "the principle of the conservation of mass"; "the principle of jet propulsion"; "the right-hand rule for inductive fields"
subtype: Le_Chatelier's_principle__Le_Chatelier's_law__Le_Chatelier_principle__Le_Chatelier-Braun_principle the principle that if any change is imposed on a system that is in equilibrium then the system tends to adjust to a new equilibrium counteracting the change
subtype: Gresham's_Law (economics) the principle that when two kinds of money having the same denominational value are in circulation the intrinsically more valuable money will be hoarded and the money of lower intrinsic value will circulate more freely until the intrinsically more valuable money is driven out of circulation; bad money drives out good; credited to Sir Thomas Gresham
subtype: Naegele's_rule rule for calculating an expected delivery date; subtract three months from the first day of the last menstrual period and add seven days to that date
subtype: Occam's_Razor__Ockham's_Razor__principle_of_parsimony__law_of_parsimony the principle that entities should not be multiplied needlessly; the simplest of two competing theories is to be preferred
subtype: principle_of_equivalence (physics) the principle that an observer has no way of distinguishing whether his laboratory is in a uniform gravitational field or is in an accelerated frame of reference
subtype: principle_of_liquid_displacement (hydrostatics) the volume of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the volume of the displaced fluid
subtype: Huygens'_principle_of_superposition__principle_of_superposition the displacement of any point due to the superposition of wave systems is equal to the sum of the displacements of the individual waves at that point; "the principle of superposition is the basis of the wave theory of light"
subtype: mass-action_principle__mass_action (neurology) the principle that the cortex of the brain operates as a coordinated system with large masses of neural tissue involved in all complex functioning
subtype: localization_of_function__localisation_of_function__localization_principle__localisation_principle__localization__localisation (neurology) the principle that specific functions have relatively circumscribed locations in the cortex of the brain
subtype: lateralization__lateralisation__laterality localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain
subtype: Archimedes'_principle__law_of_Archimedes (hydrostatics) the apparent loss in weight of a body immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid
subtype: Avogadro's_law__Avogadro's_hypothesis the principle that equal volumes of all gases (given the same temperature and pressure) contain equal numbers of molecules
subtype: Bernoulli's_law__law_of_large_numbers (statistics) law stating that a large number of items taken at random from a population will (on the average) have the population statistics
subtype: Bose-Einstein_statistics (physics) statistical law obeyed by a system of particles whose wave function is not changed when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle does not apply)
subtype: Boyle's_law__Mariotte's_law the pressure of an ideal gas at constant temperature varies inversely with the volume
subtype: Coulomb's_Law a fundamental principle of electrostatics; the force of attraction or repulsion between two charged particles is directly proportional to the product of the charges and inversely proportional to the distance between them; principle also holds for magnetic poles
subtype: Dalton's_law_of_partial_pressures__Dalton's_law__law_of_partial_pressures (chemistry and physics) law stating that the pressure exerted by a mixture of gases equals the sum of the partial pressures of the gases in the mixture; the pressure of a gas in a mixture equals the pressure it would exert if it occupied the same volume alone at the same temperature
subtype: distribution_law (chemistry) the total energy in an assembly of molecules is not distributed equally but is distributed around an average value according to a statistical distribution
subtype: Maxwell-Boltzmann_distribution_law__Boltzmann_distribution_law (physics) a law expressing the distribution of energy among the molecules of a gas in thermal equilibrium
subtype: equilibrium_law__law_of_chemical_equilibrium (chemistry) the principle that (at chemical equilibrium) in a reversible reaction the ratio of the rate of the forward reaction to the rate of the reverse reaction is a constant for that reaction
subtype: Fechner's_law__Weber-Fechner_law (psychophysics) the concept that the magnitude of a subjective sensation increases proportional to the logarithm of the stimulus intensity; based on early work by E. H. Weber
subtype: Fermi-Dirac_statistics (physics) law obeyed by a systems of particles whose wave function changes when two particles are interchanged (the Pauli exclusion principle applies)
subtype: Gay-Lussac's_law__Charles'_law__law_of_volumes the density of an ideal gas at constant pressure varies inversely with the temperature
subtype: Henry's_law (chemistry) law formulated by the English chemist William Henry; the amount of a gas that will be absorbed by water increases as the gas pressure increases
subtype: Hooke's_law (physics) the principle that (within the elastic limit) the stress applied to a solid is proportional to the strain produced
subtype: Hubble's_law__Hubble_law (astronomy) the generalization that the speed of recession of distant galaxies (the red shift) is proportional to their distance from the observer
subtype: Kepler's_law_of_planetary_motion__Kepler's_law (astronomy) one of three empirical laws of planetary motion stated by Johannes Kepler
subtype: Kepler's_first_law a law stating that the orbit of each planet is an ellipse with the sun at one focus of the ellipse
subtype: Kepler's_second_law__law_of_areas__law_of_equal_areas a law concerning the speed at which planets travel; a line connecting a planet to the sun will sweep out equal areas in equal times; "Kepler's second law means that a planet's orbital speed changes with its distance from the sun"
subtype: Kepler's_third_law__harmonic_law a law stating that the ratio of the square of the revolutionary period (in years) to the cube of the orbital axis (in astronomical units) is the same for all planets
subtype: Kirchhoff's_laws (physics) two laws governing electric networks in which steady currents flow: (1) the sum of all the currents at a point is zero; (2) the sum of the voltage gains and drops around any closed circuit is zero
subtype: law_of_averages a law affirming that in the long run probabilities will determine performance
subtype: law_of_constant_proportion__law_of_definite_proportions (chemistry) law stating that every pure substance always contains the same elements combined in the same proportions by weight
subtype: law_of_diminishing_returns a law affirming that to continue after a certain level of performance has been reached will result in a decline in effectiveness
subtype: law_of_effect (psychology) the principle that behaviors are selected by their consequences; behavior having good consequences tends to be repeated whereas behavior that leads to bad consequences is not repeated
subtype: law_of_equivalent_proportions__law_of_reciprocal_proportions (chemistry) law stating that the proportions in which two elements separately combine with a third element are also the proportions in which they combine together
subtype: Newton's_law_of_gravitation__newton'slawofgravitation__law_of_gravitation (physics) the law that states any two bodies attract each other with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: law_of_multiple_proportions__Dalton's_law (chemistry) law stating that when two elements can combine to form more than one compound the amounts of one of them that combines with a fixed amount of the other will exhibit a simple multiple relation
subtype: law_of_mass_action (chemistry) the law that states the following principle: the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the molecular concentrations of the reacting substances
subtype: law_of_thermodynamics (physics) a law governing the relations between states of energy in a closed system
subtype: second_law_of_thermodynamics a law stating that mechanical work can be derived from a body only when that body interacts with another at a lower temperature; any spontaneous process results in an increase of entropy
subtype: third_law_of_thermodynamics law stating that the entropy of a substance approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero
subtype: zeroth_law_of_thermodynamics the law that if two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with a third body then the first two bodies are in thermal equilibrium with each other
subtype: law_of_conservation_of_energy__conservation_of_energy__first_law_of_thermodynamics the fundamental principle of physics that the total energy of an isolated system is constant despite internal changes
subtype: Mendel's_law (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
subtype: law_of_segregation members of a pair of homologous chromosomes separate during the formation of gametes and are distributed to different gametes so that every gamete receives only one member of the pair
subtype: law_of_independent_assortment each member of a pair of homologous chromosomes separates independently of the members of other pairs so the results are random
subtype: Newton's_law_of_motion__Newton's_law__law_of_motion one of three basic laws of classical mechanics
subtype: Newton's_first_law_of_motion__first_law_of_motion__Newton's_first_law a body remains at rest or in motion with a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force
subtype: Newton's_second_law_of_motion__second_law_of_motion__Newton's_second_law the rate of change of momentum is proportional to the imposed force and goes in the direction of the force
subtype: Newton's_third_law_of_motion__third_law_of_motion__Newton's_third_law__law_of_action_and_reaction action and reaction are equal and opposite
subtype: Ohm's_law electric current is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance; I = E/R
subtype: Pascal's_law_of_fluid_pressures__Pascal's_law pressure applied anywhere to a body of fluid causes a force to be transmitted equally in all directions; the force acts at right angles to any surface in contact with the fluid; "the hydraulic press is an application of Pascal's law"
subtype: Pauli_exclusion_principle__exclusion_principle no two electrons or protons or neutrons in a given system can be in states characterized by the same set of quantum numbers
subtype: periodic_law__Mendeleev's_law (chemistry) the principle that chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers
subtype: Planck's_law (physics) the basis of quantum theory; the energy of electromagnetic waves is contained in indivisible quanta that have to be radiated or absorbed as a whole; the magnitude is proportional to frequency where the constant of proportionality is give by Planck's constant
subtype: Planck's_radiation_law (physics) an equation that expresses the distribution of energy in the radiated spectrum of an ideal black body
subtype: principle_of_relativity (physics) a universal law that states that the laws of mechanics are not affected by a uniform rectilinear motion of the system of coordinates to which they are referred
subtype: Weber's_law (psychophysics) the concept that a just-noticeable difference in a stimulus is proportional to the magnitude of the original stimulus; "Weber's law explains why you don't notice your headlights are on in the daytime"
subtype: lexicalized_concept__lexicalizedconcept a concept that is expressed by a word (in some particular language)
subtype: hypothesis.concept__possibility a tentative theory about the natural world; a concept that is not yet verified but that if true would explain certain facts or phenomena; "a scientific hypothesis that survives experimental testing becomes a scientific theory"; "he proposed a fresh theory of alkalis that later was accepted in chemical practices"
subtype: theoretical_account__theoreticalaccount__model__framework a simplified description of a complex entity or process; "the computer program was based on a model of the circulatory and respiratory systems"
subtype: computer_simulation__simulation (computer science) the technique of representing the real world by a computer program; "a simulation should imitate the internal processes and not merely the results of the thing being simulated"
subtype: mean_sun a theoretical sun that moves along the celestial equator at a constant speed and completes its annual course in the same amount of time the real sun takes at variable speeds
subtype: Copernican_system Copernicus' astronomical model in which the Earth rotates around the sun
subtype: Ptolemaic_system Ptolemy's model of the universe with the Earth at the center
subtype: stochastic_process a statistical process involving a number of random variables depending on a variable parameter (which is usually time)
subtype: Markov_process__Markoff_process a simple stochastic process in which the distribution of future states depends only on the present state and not on how it arrived in the present state
subtype: Markov_chain__Markoff_chain a Markov process for which the parameter is discrete time values
subtype: stationary_stochastic_process a stochastic process in which the distribution of the random variables is the same for any value of the variable parameter
subtype: graph_model
subtype: Conceptual_Graph_model
subtype: RDF_model
subtype: KADS_model
subtype: KADS1_model
subtype: KADS1_layer_of_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_inference_layer
subtype: KADS1_task_layer
subtype: KADS1_domain_layer
subtype: KADS1_Model_of_Expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_problem_solving_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_communication_expertise
subtype: KADS1_model_of_cooperation_expertise
subtype: KADS1_strategy_layer
subtype: KADS1_Conceptual_Model
subtype: speculation a hypothesis that has been formed by speculating or conjecturing (usually with little hard evidence); "speculations about the outcome of the election"; "he dismissed it as mere conjecture"
subtype: supposal__assumption__supposition a hypothesis that is taken for granted; "any society is built upon certain assumptions"
subtype: conclusion an intuitive assumption; "jump to a conclusion"
subtype: non_sequitur.conclusion__nonsequitur (logic) a conclusion that does not follow from the premises
subtype: fundament__basis__basi__base__foundation__groundwork__cornerstone the fundamental assumptions underlying an explanation; "the whole argument rested on a basis of conjecture"
subtype: given__presumption an assumption that is taken for granted
subtype: basic_assumption__basicassumption__constatation__self-evident_truth an assumption that is basic to an argument
subtype: fact.concept a concept whose truth can be proved; "scientific hypotheses are not facts"
subtype: theory a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena; "theories can incorporate facts and laws and tested hypotheses"; "true in fact and theory"
subtype: reductionism.theory a theory that all complex systems can be completely understood in terms of their components
subtype: blastogenesis__blastogenesi theory that inherited characteristics are transmitted by germ plasm
subtype: theory_of_preformation__preformation a theory (popular in the 18th century and now discredited) that an individual develops by simple enlargement of a tiny fully formed organism (a homunculus) that exists in the germ cell
subtype: scientific_theory a theory that explains scientific observations; "scientific theories must be falsifiable"
subtype: big-bang_theory__big_bang_theory (cosmology) the theory that the universe originated 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small mass of matter at extremely high density and temperature
subtype: nebular_hypothesis the theory that the solar system evolved from a hot gaseous nebula
subtype: planetesimal_hypothesis the theory that the solar system was formed by the gravitational accumulation of planetesimals
subtype: Newton's_theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravitation__theory_of_gravity__gravitational_theory__gravitationaltheory (physics) the theory that any two particles of matter attract one another with a force directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
subtype: organicism theory that the total organization of an organism rather than the functioning of individual organs is the determinant of life processes
subtype: atomic_theory a theory in which matter consists of atoms
subtype: atomic_theory.scientific_theory__atomictheory a theory of the structure of the atom
subtype: Bohr_theory (physics) a theory of atomic structure that combined Rutherford's model with the quantum theory; electrons orbiting a nucleus can only be in certain stationary energy states and light is emitted when electrons jump from one energy state to another
subtype: Rutherford_atom first modern concept of atomic structure; all of the positive charge and most of the mass of the atom are contained in a compact nucleus; a number of electrons (equal to the atomic number) occupy the rest of the volume of the atom and neutralize the positive charge
subtype: cell_theory (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms
subtype: wave_theory_of_light__wave_theory__undulatory_theory the theory that light is transmitted as waves
subtype: corpuscular_theory_of_light__corpuscular_theory__corpusculartheory the theory that light is transmitted as a stream of particles
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_gases__kinetictheoryofgase__kinetic_theory__kinetictheory a theory that gases consist of small particles in random movement
subtype: kinetic_theory_of_heat a theory that the temperature of a body increases when kinetic energy increases
subtype: Einstein's_theory_of_relativity__relativity__theory_of_relativity__relativity_theory (physics) the theory that space and time are relative concepts rather than absolute concepts
subtype: general_relativity_theory__general_relativity__generalrelativity__general_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_general_theory_of_relativity a generalization of special relativity to include gravity (based on the principle of equivalence)
subtype: special_relativity_theory__special_relativity__specialrelativity__special_theory_of_relativity__Einstein's_special_theory_of_relativity a physical theory of relativity based on the assumption that the speed of light in a vacuum is a constant and the assumption that the laws of physics are invariant in all inertial systems
subtype: supersymmetry a theory that tries to link the four fundamental forces; "according to supersymmetry each force emerged separately during the big bang"
subtype: quantum_theory__quantumtheory a physical theory that certain properties occur only in discrete amounts (quanta)
subtype: uncertainty_principle__uncertaintyprinciple__indeterminacy_principle__indeterminacyprinciple the theory that it is impossible to measure both energy and time (or position and momentum) completely accurately at the same time
subtype: germ_theory the theory that all contagious diseases are caused by microorganisms
subtype: information_theory__informationtheory a statistical theory dealing with the limits and efficiency of information processing
subtype: Arrhenius_theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_dissociation__theory_of_electrolytic_dissociation (chemistry) theory that describes aqueous solutions in terms of acids (which dissociate to give hydrogen ions) and bases (which dissociate to give hydroxyl ions); the product of an acid and a base is a salt and water
subtype: theory_of_evolution__theory_of_organic_evolution (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
subtype: Darwinism a theory of organic evolution claiming that new species arise and are perpetuated by natural selection
subtype: Neo-Darwinism a modern Darwinian theory that explains new species in terms of genetic mutations
subtype: Lamarckism a theory of organic evolution claiming that acquired characteristics are transmitted to offspring
subtype: Neo-Lamarckism a modern Lamarckian theory emphasizing the importance of environmental factors in genetic changes and retaining the notion of the inheritance of acquired characters
subtype: Ostwald's_theory_of_indicators__theory_of_indicators (chemistry) the theory that all indicators are either weak acids or weak bases in which the color of the ionized form is different from the color before dissociation
subtype: theory_of_inheritance a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
subtype: Mendelism__Mendelianism the theory of inheritance based on Mendel's laws
subtype: game_theory__theory_of_games a theory of competition stated in terms of gains and losses among opposing players
subtype: economic_theory (economics) a theory of commercial activities (such as the production and consumption of goods)
subtype: consumerism.economic_theory the theory that an increasing consumption of goods is economically beneficial
subtype: Keynesianism the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes who advocated government monetary and fiscal programs intended to stimulate business activity and increase employment
subtype: liberalism.economic_theory an economic theory advocating free competition and a self-regulating market and the gold standard
subtype: Malthusianism__Malthusian_theory Malthus' theory that population increase would outpace increases in the means of subsistence
subtype: monetarism an economic theory holding that variations in unemployment and the rate of inflation are usually caused by changes in the supply of money
subtype: structural_sociology__structuralism a sociological theory based on the premise that society comes before individuals
subtype: structural_anthropology__structuralism an anthropological theory that there are unobservable social structures that generate observable social phenomena
subtype: linguistic_rule__rule a rule describing (or prescribing) a linguistic practice
subtype: grammatical_rule__grammaticalrule__ruleofgrammar a linguistic rule for the syntax of grammatical utterances
subtype: preoccupation an idea that preoccupies the mind and holds the attention
subtype: obsession__fixation an unhealthy and compulsive preoccupation with something or someone
subtype: hang-up (informal) an emotional preoccupation
subtype: hobbyhorse a topic to which on constantly reverts: "don't get him started on his hobbyhorse"
subtype: self-absorption__selfabsorption preoccupation with yourself to the exclusion of everything else
subtype: misconception an incorrect conception
subtype: fallacy__falsebelief a misconception resulting from incorrect reasoning
subtype: pseudoscience an activity resembling science but based on fallacious assumptions
subtype: astrology__stardivination a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moon
subtype: horoscopy the drawing up and interpretation of horoscopes
subtype: alchemy a pseudoscientific forerunner of chemistry in medieval times
subtype: logical_fallacy a fallacy in logical argumentation
subtype: hysteron_proteron the logical fallacy of using as a true premise a proposition that is yet to be proved
subtype: ignoratio_elenchi__ignoratioelenchi the logical fallacy of supposing that an argument proving an irrelevant point has proved the point at issue
subtype: petitio_principii__petitio the logical fallacy of assuming the conclusion in the premises; begging the question
subtype: post_hoc_ergo_propter_hoc__post_hoc the logical fallacy of believing that temporal succession implies a causal relation
subtype: pathetic_fallacy the fallacy of attributing human feelings to inanimate objects; `the friendly sun' is an example of the pathetic fallacy
subtype: sophism a deliberately invalid argument displaying ingenuity in reasoning in the hope of deceiving someone
subtype: paralogism an unintentionally invalid argument
subtype: erroneous_belief__erroneousbelief__error a misconception resulting from incorrect information
subtype: self-deception__self-deceit a misconception that is favorable to the person who holds it
subtype: misunderstanding__mistake__misapprehension an understanding of something that is not correct; "he wasn't going to admit his mistake"; "make no mistake about his intentions"; "there must be some misunderstanding--I don't have a sister"
subtype: illusion.misconception__fantasy__fancy something many people believe that is false; "they have the illusion that I am very wealthy"
subtype: bubble.illusion an impracticable and illusory idea; "he didn't want to burst the newcomer's bubble"
subtype: will-o'-the-wisp__ignis_fatuus an illusion that misleads
subtype: wishful_thinking__wishfulthinking the illusion that what you wish for is actually true
subtype: delusion a mistaken opinion or idea; "he has delusions of competence"
subtype: freak_out__freakout__disorientation a wild delusion (especially one induced by a hallucinogenic drug)
subtype: mirage something illusory and unattainable
subtype: plan__program__programme a series of steps to be carried out or goals to be accomplished; "they drew up a six-step plan"; "they discussed plans for a new bond issue"
subtype: outline.plan__schema__scheme a schematic or preliminary plan
subtype: master_plan a long-term outline of a project or government function: "the zoning board adopted a master plan for the new development"
subtype: blueprint.plan__design__pattern something intended as a guide for making something else; "a blueprint for a house"; "a pattern for a skirt"
subtype: plan_of_action a plan for actively doing something
subtype: play.plan_of_action a preset plan of action in team sports; "the coach drew up the plays for her team"
subtype: knock_on__knockon (Rugby) knocking the ball forward while trying to catch it (a foul)
subtype: football_play a play by the offensive team in a football game
subtype: touchback (American football) a play in which the opposing team has kicked the football into your end zone
subtype: running_play__runningplay__running__running_game__runninggame a football play in which a player runs with the ball; "the defensive line braced to stop the run"; "the coach put great emphasis on running"
subtype: draw_play__draw the quarterback moves back as if to pass and then hands the ball to the fullback who is running toward the line of scrimmage
subtype: return.running_play the act of running back the football after a kickoff or punt or interception or fumble
subtype: rush.running_play__rushing (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running into the line; "the linebackers were ready to stop a rush"
subtype: end_run__endrun__sweep (football) an attempt to advance the ball by running around the end of the line
subtype: passing_play__passingplay__pass__passing_game__passinggame__passing a football play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate; "the coach sent in a passing play on third and long"
subtype: forward_pass__aerial a pass to a receiver downfield from the passer
subtype: screen_pass a forward pass in which the receiver is protected by a screen of blockers
subtype: lateral_pass__lateral a pass to a receiver upfield from the passer
subtype: handoff a football play in which one player hands the ball to a teammate
subtype: tackle.football_play (football) grasping an opposing player with the intention of stopping by throwing to the ground
subtype: razzle-dazzle__razzle__razzmatazz__razmataz any exciting and complex play intended to confuse (dazzle) the opponent
subtype: basketball_play a play executed by a basketball team
subtype: pick a basketball maneuver; obstructing an opponent with one's body; "he was called for setting an illegal pick"
subtype: switch.basketball_play a basketball maneuver; two defensive players shift assignments so that each guards the player usually guarded by the other
subtype: give-and-go a basketball maneuver; one offensive player passes the ball to another, then runs toward the basket to take a return pass
subtype: baseball_play a play executed by a baseball team
subtype: double_play the act of getting two players out on one play
subtype: triple_play the act of getting three players out on one play
subtype: squeeze_play__squeezeplay a baseball play in which a runner on third base tries to score as the batter bunts the pitch
subtype: suicide_squeeze_play__suicidesqueezeplay__suicide_squeeze__suicidesqueeze the runner on third base starts home as the pitcher delivers the ball
subtype: safety_squeeze_play__safety_squeeze the runner on third base waits to start home until the batter has bunted successfully
subtype: policy.plan_of_action a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group; "it was a policy of retribution"; "a politician keeps changing his policies"
subtype: activism a policy of taking direct and militant action to achieve a political or social goal
subtype: obscurantism.policy a policy of opposition to enlightenment or the spread of knowledge
subtype: battle_plan plan for conducting a battle
subtype: system.plan_of_action a procedure or process for obtaining an objective; "they had to devise a system that did not depend on cooperation"
subtype: credit_system a system for allowing people to purchase things on credit
subtype: legal_system__legalsystem a system for interpreting and enforcing the laws
subtype: bail the legal system that allows an accused person to be temporarily released from custody (usually on condition that a sum of money guarantees their appearance at trial); "he is out on bail"
subtype: jury_system a legal system for determining the facts at issue in a law suit
subtype: patent_system a legal system for protecting the rights of inventors
subtype: tax_system__taxsystem a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes
subtype: voting_system__electoral_system__electoralsystem a legal system for making democratic choices
subtype: uninominal_system__uninominal_voting_system__single-member_system__scrutin_uninomial_system__scrutinuninomialsystem__scrutin_uninominal_voting_system based on the principle of having only one member (as of a legislature) selected from each electoral district
subtype: list_system__scrutin_de_liste__scrutin_de_liste_system based on the principle of proportional representation; voters choose between party lists, the number elected from each list being determined by the percentage cast for each list out of the total vote
subtype: pricing_system__pricingsystem a system for setting prices on goods or services
subtype: promotion_system__promotionsystem a system for advancing participants to higher-status positions
subtype: tactic__maneuver__manoeuvre a plan for attaining a particular goal
subtype: strategy__scheme an elaborate and systematic plan of action
subtype: stratagem__contrivance__dodge an elaborate or deceitful scheme contrived to deceive or evade; "his testimony was just a contrivance to throw us off the track"
subtype: plant.stratagem something planted secretly for discovery by another; "the police used a plant to trick the thieves"; "he claimed that the evidence against him was a plant"
subtype: wangle__wangling an instance of accomplishing something by scheming or trickery
subtype: game_plan a plan for achieving an objective (especially in some sport)
subtype: house_of_cards__bubble a speculative scheme that depends on unstable factors that the planner cannot control; "his proposal was nothing but a house of cards"; "a real estate bubble"
subtype: secret_plan__plot a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal); "they concocted a plot to discredit the governor"
subtype: counterplot a plot intended to subvert another plot
subtype: machination covert and involved plotting to achieve your ends
subtype: priestcraft.machination a derogatory reference to priests who use their influence to control secular or political affairs
subtype: cabal__conspiracy a plot to carry out some harmful or illegal act (especially a political plot)
subtype: Gunpowder_Plot a conspiracy in 1605 in England to blow up King James I and the Houses of Parliament to avenge the persecution of Catholics in England; led by Guy Fawkes
subtype: waiting_game__waitinggame a strategy of delay
subtype: incentive_program__incentiveprogram__incentive_scheme__incentivescheme a formal scheme for inducing someone (as employees) to do something
subtype: travel_plan__itinerary a proposed route of travel
subtype: regimen__regime (medicine) a systematic plan for therapy (often including diet)
subtype: project__projection a planned undertaking
subtype: money-spinner__moneyspinner__moneymaker__cash_cow a project that generates a continuous flow of money
subtype: software__software_system__software_package__package (computer science) written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory; "the market for software is expected to expand"
subtype: alpha_software__alphasoftware a first release of a software product that is usually tested only by the developers
subtype: authoring_language__authoringlanguage software that can be used to develop interactive computer programs without the technically demanding task of computer programming
subtype: beta_software pre-release software that has received an alpha test but still has more bugs than a regular release; "beta software is usually available only to particular users who will test it"
subtype: compatible_software software that can run on different computers without modification
subtype: compatible_software.software__compatiblesoftware application software programs that share common conventions so they can be utilized together
subtype: computer-aided_design__CAD software used in art and architecture and engineering and manufacturing to assist in precision drawing
subtype: freeware software that is provided without charge
subtype: groupware software that can be used by a group of people who are working on the same information but may be distributed in space
subtype: operating_system__operatingsystem__OS (computer science) software that controls the execution of computer programs and may provide various services
subtype: DOS__disk_operating_system an operating system that is on a disk
subtype: MS-DOS__Microsoft_disk_operating_system an operating system developed by Bill Gates for personal computers
subtype: UNIX__UNIX_operating_system__UNIX_system a powerful operating system developed at the Bell Telephone Laboratories
subtype: computer_program__program__programme__computer_programme (computer science) a sequence of instructions that a computer can interpret and execute; "the program required several hundred lines of code"
subtype: application_program__applicationprogram__application__applications_programme a program that gives a computer instructions that provide the user with tools to accomplish a task; "he has tried several different word processing applications"
subtype: active_application an application that is currently running and in the foreground
subtype: applet a Java application; an application program that uses the client's web browser to provide a user interface
subtype: web_browser__webbrowser__browser a program used to view HTML documents
subtype: Mosaic a freeware browser
subtype: Netscape a commercial browser
subtype: natural_language_processor__natural_language_processing_application an application program that deals with natural language text
subtype: disambiguator (computer science) a natural language processing application that tries to determine the intended meaning of a word or phrase by examining the linguistic context in which it is used
subtype: job.application_program (computer science) a program application that may consist of several steps but is a single logical unit
subtype: word_processor__word_processing_system an application that provides the user with tools needed to write and edit and format text and to send it to a printer
subtype: editor_program__editor (computer science) a program designed to perform such editorial functions as rearrangement or modification or deletion of data
subtype: linkage_editor__linkageeditor an editor program that creates one module from several by resolving cross-references among the modules
subtype: text_editor (computer science) an application that can be used to create and view and edit text files
subtype: Emacs_text_editor
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: hierarchy_editor__hierarchyeditor a graph editor tailored to ease the display and edition of hierarchies
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: hyperbolic_graph_editor
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: taxonomy_graphical_editor
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: Charger
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: loop.computer_program a computer program that performs a series of instructions repeatedly until some specified condition is satisfied
subtype: patch.computer_program a short set of commands to correct a bug in a computer program
subtype: assembler__assembly_program a program to convert assembly language into machine language
subtype: checking_program a program that examines other computer programs for syntax errors
subtype: compiler__compiling_program__compilingprogram (computer science) a program that decodes instructions written in a higher order language and produces an assembly language program
subtype: C_compiler a compiler for programs written in C
subtype: Fortran_compiler a compiler for programs written in Fortran
subtype: LISP_compiler a compiler for programs written in LISP
subtype: Pascal_compiler a compiler for programs written in Pascal
subtype: debugger a program that helps in locating and correcting programming errors
subtype: user_interface__interface (computer science) a program that controls a display for the user (usually on a computer monitor) and that allows the user to interact with the system
subtype: command_line_interface__CLI a user interface in which you type commands instead of choosing them from a menu or selecting an icon
subtype: graphical_user_interface__GUI a user interface based on graphics (icons and pictures and menus) instead of text; uses a mouse as well as a keyboard as an input device
subtype: 2D_user_interface
subtype: 3D_user_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: graph_visualization_interface__graphvisualizationinterface
subtype: display-only_graph_viewer
subtype: graph_editor__grapheditor__graph_graphical-editor__graphgraphicaleditor
subtype: user_interface
subtype: non-graphical_user_interface
subtype: procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: RPC_interface__Remote_Procedure_Call_interface__remoteprocedurecallinterface
subtype: API__application_programming_interface__applicationprogramminginterface
subtype: command_based_interface__commandbasedinterface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: OKBC_interface
subtype: CGI-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: direct_command_based_interface__shell
subtype: sh
subtype: ksh
subtype: csh
subtype: graphical_user_interface
subtype: network-accessible_interface
subtype: Web_based_interface
subtype: HTML_based_interface
subtype: CGI_based_interface
subtype: network-accessible_procedure_call_interface
subtype: network-accessible_command_based_interface
subtype: interpretive_program__interpreter (computer science) a program that translates and executes source language statements one line at a time
subtype: job_control__jobcontrol a program that is called to prepare each job to be run
subtype: library_program__libraryprogram a program in a program library
subtype: monitor_program__monitoring_program a program that observes and regulates and controls or verifies the operations of a data-processing system
subtype: object_program__target_program a fully compiled or assembled program ready to be loaded into the computer
subtype: source_program a program written in a language from which statements are translated into machine language
subtype: relocatable_program__relocatableprogram a program that can be located in different parts of memory at different times
subtype: reusable_program a program that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: search_engine a computer program that retrieves documents or files or data from a database or from a computer network (especially from the internet)
subtype: self-adapting_program a program that can change its performance in response to its environment
subtype: spreadsheet a screen-oriented interactive program enabling a user to lay out financial data on the screen
subtype: supervisory_program__supervisoryprogram__supervisor__executive_program__executiveprogram a program that controls the execution of other programs
subtype: syntax_checker a program to check natural language syntax
subtype: system_program__systems_program__systemsprogram__systems_software__systemssoftware a program (as an operating system or compiler or utility program) that controls some aspect of the operation of a computer
subtype: translating_program__translatingprogram__translator a program that translates one programming language into another
subtype: utility_program__utilityprogram__utility__service_program__serviceprogram (computer science) a program designed for general support of the processes of a computer; "a computer system provides utility programs to perform the tasks needed by most users"
subtype: device_driver__driver (computer science) a program that determines how a computer will communicate with a peripheral device
subtype: diagnostic_program a program that recognizes and explains faults in the equipment or mistakes in a computer program
subtype: input_program__inputprogram a utility program that organizes the input to a computer
subtype: output_program a utility program that organizes the output of a computer
subtype: sort_program__sorting_program__sortingprogram a utility program that sorts data items
subtype: trace_program__traceprogram a utility program that exhibits the sequence and results of executing the instructions in another program
subtype: snapshot_program a trace program that produces output for selected conditions
subtype: script program witten with an interpreted language
subtype: class_script__classscript script associated to a class
subtype: object_script script associated to a class instance (that is not a class itself
subtype: global_script script that is not associated to an object or a class
subtype: program_written_in_a_certain_language
subtype: LISP_program a program written in LISP
subtype: FORTRAN_program a program written in FORTRAN
subtype: C_program a program written in C
subtype: subroutine__routine__subprogram__procedure__function a set sequence of steps, part of larger computer program
subtype: cataloged_procedure__catalogedprocedure a set of control statements that have been placed in a library and can be retrieved by name
subtype: contingency_procedure__contingencyprocedure an alternative to the normal procedure; triggered if an unusual but anticipated situation arises
subtype: library_routine__libraryroutine a debugged routine that is maintained in a program library
subtype: random_number_generator a routine designed to yield a random number
subtype: recursive_routine__recursiveroutine a routine that can call itself
subtype: reusable_routine a routine that can be loaded once and executed repeatedly
subtype: supervisory_routine__supervisoryroutine__executive_routine__executiveroutine a routine that coordinates the operation of subroutines
subtype: tracing_routine a routine that provides a chronological record of the execution of a computer program
subtype: utility_routine__utilityroutine__service_routine__serviceroutine a routine that can be used as needed
subtype: dump_routine a routine that writes from an internal store to some external medium
subtype: input_routine__inputroutine a routine that writes from an external source to an internal store
subtype: output_routine a routine that controls an output device
subtype: shareware software that has been copyrighted but is sold to users with permission to copy it and give it to others
subtype: shrink-wrapped_software software on cd-roms that are boxed and shrink-wrapped and sold in stores (implying a widely supported standard platform)
subtype: supervisory_software__supervisorysoftware specialized programs that reside permanently in the computer's main memory and control the processing of user's programs
subtype: software_documentation__documentation program listings or technical manuals describing the operation and use of programs
subtype: DBMS__database_management_system a software system that facilitates the creation and maintenance and use of an electronic database
subtype: RDBMS__relational_database_management_system a database management system designed to manage a relational database
subtype: ODBMS__OODBMS__object-oriented_database_management_system $("ODBMS" added as key, "OODBMS" added)$a database management system designed to manage an object-oriented database
subtype: ORDBMS__object-relational_DBMS__extended_RDBM DBMS mixing features from RDBMSs and ODBMSs but not being a genuine RDBMS nor ODBMS
subtype: in_memory_ORDBMS
subtype: Gigabase
subtype: DDBMS
subtype: in_memory_DBMS__IMDBMS DBMS loading/mapping the whole database in main memory before answering a query
subtype: in_memory_ODBMS
subtype: FastDB
subtype: federated_DBMS__multi_DBMS
subtype: IR_system
subtype: distributed_IR_system
subtype: distributed_hypertext_IR_system__distributedhypertextirsystem e.g. the WWW
subtype: WWW
subtype: Semantic_Web
subtype: hypertext_system__hypertextsystem a database management system that allows chunks of text (objects) to be processed as a complex network of nodes that are linked together in an arbitrary way
subtype: KM_tool__knowledge_management_tool
subtype: knowledge_base_system__KBS
subtype: KBMS
subtype: graph_based_KBMS
subtype: SNEPSwD
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CGWorld
subtype: PROLOG\+CG
subtype: CoGITaNT
subtype: Notio
subtype: WebKB
subtype: WebKB-1__WebKB_private_annotation_tool
subtype: WebKB-2__WebKB_shared_annotation_tool
subtype: inference_engine__inferenceengine
subtype: KA_tool
subtype: KADS_tool
subtype: terminological_analysis_tool
subtype: ACABIT
subtype: LEXTER
subtype: TERMS
subtype: XTract
subtype: knowledge_based_IR_system
subtype: WebKB
subtype: CGKAT
subtype: knowledge_interface_generator__knowledgeinterfacegenerator
subtype: knowledge_graphical_editor__knowledgegraphicaleditor
subtype: language/structure_specific_tool
subtype: CG_related_tool__cgrelatedtool
subtype: CG_based_KBMS
subtype: CG_graphical_editor
subtype: NL_parser_with_CG_output
subtype: ontology_management_tool
subtype: FCA_tool
subtype: FCA_structure_graphical_editor graphic editor of FCA objects
subtype: agenda__docket__schedule a temporally organized plan for matters to be attended to
subtype: menu.agenda__fare an agenda of things to do; "they worked rapidly down the menu of reports"
subtype: pension_plan__pensionplan__retirement_plan__retirement_program a plan for setting aside money to be spent after retirement
subtype: individual_retirement_account__IRA a self-funded retirement plan that allows you to contribute a limited yearly sum toward your retirement; taxes on the interest earned in the account are deferred
subtype: employee_savings_plan a plan that allows employees to contribute to an investment pool managed the employer
subtype: 401-k_plan__401kplan__401-k__401k an employee savings plan that allows employees to contribute pre-tax dollars and federal income taxes are deferred until retirement or withdrawal from the plan; can then be converted into an IRA
subtype: stock_purchase_plan an organized plan for employees of a company to buy shares of its stock
subtype: employee_stock_ownership_plan__ESOP a program under which employees regularly accumulate shares and may ultimately assume control of the company
subtype: budget.plan a summary of intended expenditures along with proposals for how to meet them; "the president submitted the annual budget to Congress"
subtype: balanced_budget a budget is balanced when current expenditures are equal to receipts
subtype: figment a contrived or fantastic idea; "a figment of the imagination"
subtype: generalization__generalisation__generality an idea having general application; "he spoke in broad generalities"
subtype: principle.generalization__rule a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct; "their principles of composition characterized all their works"
subtype: pillar a fundamental principle or practice; "science eroded the pillars of superstition"
subtype: suggestion an idea that is suggested; "the picnic was her suggestion"
subtype: inkling a slight suggestion; "he had no inkling what was about to happen"
subtype: impression__feeling__belief__notion__opinion a vague idea in which some confidence is placed; "his impression of her was favorable"; "what are your feelings about the crisis?"; "it strengthened my belief in his sincerity"; "I had a feeling that she was lying"
subtype: presence.impression the impression that something is present; "he felt the presence of an evil force"
subtype: effect.impression an impression (especially one that is artificial or contrived); "he just did it for effect"
subtype: sound_effect__soundeffect an effect that imitates a sound called for in the script of a play
subtype: special_effect__specialeffect an effect used to produce scenes that cannot be achieved by normal techniques (especially on film)
subtype: stage_effect__stageeffect a special effect created on the stage
subtype: intuition.impression__hunch__suspicion an impression that something might be the case; "he had an intuition that something had gone wrong"
subtype: heart__bosom the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom"
subtype: reaction.idea an idea evoked by some experience; "his reaction to the news was to start planning what to do"
subtype: theorem.idea an idea accepted as a demonstrable truth
subtype: whim__notion__whimsy__whimsey a whimsical idea; "the theatrical notion of disguise is associated with disaster in his stories"
subtype: meaning__substance the idea that is intended; "What is the meaning of this proverb?"
subtype: significance.meaning__import__implication a meaning that is not expressly stated but can be inferred; "the significance of his remark became clear only later"; "the expectation was spread both by word and by implication"
subtype: tenor.meaning__strain pervading note of an utterance; "I could follow the general tenor of his argument"
subtype: purport__drift general meaning or tenor: "caught the drift of the conversation"
subtype: undercurrent__undertone subdued emotional quality underlying an utterance; implicit meaning
subtype: denotation__reference__extension the class of objects that an expression refers to; "the extension of `satellite of Mars' is the set containing only Demos and Phobos"
subtype: reference.meaning the relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to; "he argued that reference is a consequence of conditioned reflexes"
subtype: connotation an idea that is implied or suggested
subtype: burden the central idea that is expanded in a document or discourse
subtype: theme__motif a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work; "it was the usual `boy gets girl' theme"
subtype: ideal the idea of something that is perfect; something that one hopes to attain
subtype: value.ideal an ideal accepted by some individual or group; "he has old-fashioned values"
subtype: introject (psychoanalysis) a parental figures (and their values) that you introjected as a child; the voice of conscience is usually a parent's voice internalized
subtype: principle a rule or standard especially of good behavior: "a man of principle"; "he will not violate his principles"
subtype: chivalry the medieval principles of knighthood
subtype: ethic__moral_principle__moralprinciple__value-system__valuesystem__value_orientation__valueorientation the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group; "the Puritan ethic"; "a person with old-fashioned values"
subtype: Chartism the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people
subtype: Hellenism the principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization
subtype: legal_principle__legalprinciple__judicial_principle__judicial_doctrine a principle underlying the formulation of jurisprudence
subtype: jus_sanguinis__jussanguini the principle that a person's nationality at birth is the same as that of his natural parents
subtype: jus_soli__jussoli the principle that a person's nationality at birth is determined by the place of birth
subtype: pre-emption__preemption__preemption the judicial principle asserting the supremacy of federal over state legislation on the same subject
subtype: scruple an ethical or moral principle that inhibits action
subtype: idol__paragon__perfection__beau_ideal an ideal instance; a perfect embodiment of a concept
subtype: standard__criterion the ideal in terms of which something can be judged; "they live by the standards of their community"
subtype: control_condition__controlcondition__control a standard against which other conditions can be compared in a scientific experiment; "the control condition was inappropriate for the conclusions he wished to draw"
subtype: design_criteria criteria that designers should meet in designing some system or device; "the job specifications summarized the design criteria"
subtype: exemplar__example__model__good_example something to be imitated; "an exemplar of success"; "a model of clarity"; "he is the very model of a modern major general"
subtype: beaut__beauty an outstanding example of its kind; "his roses were beauties"; "when I make a mistake it's a beaut"
subtype: pattern a model considered worthy of imitation; "the American constitution has provided a pattern for many republics"
subtype: ego_ideal__egoideal an ideal of personal excellence toward which a person strives
subtype: idealization.idea__idealisation something that exists only as an idea
subtype: keynote a fundamental or central idea
subtype: heart_and_soul__heartandsoul__kernel__substance__core__center__essence__heart__inwardness__marrow__meat__nub__sum__nittygritty the choicest or most essential or most vital part of some idea or experience: "the gist of the prosecutor's argument"; "the heart and soul of the Republican Party"; "the nub of the story"
subtype: hypostasis.heart_and_soul__hypostasi (metaphysics) essential nature or underlying reality
subtype: quiddity__haecceity the essence that makes something the kind of thing it is and makes it different from any other
subtype: quintessence.heart_and_soul the purest and most concentrated essence of something
subtype: stuff.heart_and_soul a critically important or characteristic component; "suspense is the very stuff of narrative"
subtype: wisdom accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment
subtype: abstrusity__reconditeness__reconditenes__abstrusenes__profoundness__profundity wisdom that is recondite and abstruse and profound; "the anthropologist was impressed by the reconditeness of the native proverbs"
subtype: internal_representation__representation__mental_representation a presentation to the mind in the form of an idea or image
subtype: overlap.internal_representation__convergence a representation of common ground between theories or phenomena; "there was no overlap between their proposals"
subtype: crossroads a point where a choice must be made; "Freud's work stands at the crossroads between psychology and neurology"
subtype: interface.overlap the overlap where two theories or phenomena affect each other or have links with each other; "the interface between chemistry and biology"
subtype: instantiation a representation of an idea in the form of an instance of it; "how many instantiations were found?"
subtype: antitype.internal_representation a person or thing represented or foreshadowed by a type or symbol; especially a figure in the Old Testament having a counterpart in the New Testament
subtype: stereotype a conventional or formulaic conception or image: "regional stereotypes have been part of America since its founding"
subtype: schema__scheme an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world
subtype: mental_image__image an iconic mental representation; "her imagination forced images upon her too awful to contemplate"
subtype: imagination_image__imaginationimage__thought-image__thoughtimage a mental image produced by the imagination
subtype: memory_image a mental image of something previously experienced
subtype: memory_picture a memory image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: afterimage__aftersensation an image (usually a negative image) that persists after stimulation has ceased
subtype: aftertaste an afterimage of a taste
subtype: visual_image__visualization__visualisation a mental image that is similar to a visual perception
subtype: mental_picture__picture__impression a clear and telling mental image; "he described his mental picture of his assailant"; "he had no clear picture of himself or his world"; "the events left a permanent impression in his mind"
subtype: auditory_image a mental image that is similar to an auditory perception
subtype: interpretation.internal_representation__reading__version a mental representation of the meaning or significance of something
subtype: anagoge a mystical or allegorical interpretation (especially of Scripture)
subtype: reinterpretation.interpretation a new or different meaning
subtype: exegesis.interpretation__exegesi critical interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible)
subtype: eisegesis personal interpretation of a text (especially of the Bible) using your own ideas
subtype: phantasmagoria a constantly changing medley or real or imagined images (as in a dream)
subtype: psychosexuality the mental representation of sexual activities
subtype: percept__perception__perceptual_experience the representation of what is perceived; basic component in the formation of a concept
subtype: figure.percept a unitary percept having structure and coherence that is the object of attention and that stands out against a ground
subtype: ground.percept a relatively homogeneous percept extending back of the figure on which attention is focused
subtype: visual_percept__visual_image a percept that arises from the eyes; an image in the visual system
subtype: sight an instance of visual perception; "the sight of his wife brought him back to reality"; "the train was an unexpected sight"
subtype: vista__view__aspect__prospect__scene__panorama the visual percept of a region; "the most desirable feature of the park are the beautiful views"
subtype: background.vista__ground the part of a scene (or picture) that lies behind objects in the foreground; "he posed her against a background of rolling hills"
subtype: coast the area within view; "the coast is clear"
subtype: exposure.vista aspect re light or wind; "the studio had a northern exposure"
subtype: foreground the part of a scene that is near the viewer
subtype: glimpse a brief or incomplete view; "from the window he could catch a glimpse of the lake"
subtype: middle_distance the part of a scene between the foreground and the background
subtype: side_view a view from the side of something
subtype: profile.side_view a side view representation of an object (especially a human face)
subtype: tableau any dramatic scene
subtype: visual_field__field_of_regard all of the points of the physical environment that can be perceived by a stable eye at a given moment
subtype: field_of_view__field the area that is visible (as through an optical instrument)
subtype: microscopic_field__microscopicfield the areas that is visible through a microscope
subtype: operative_field__operativefield the area that is open during surgery
subtype: memory something that is remembered; "search as he would, the memory was lost"
subtype: reminiscence a mental impression retained and recalled from the past
subtype: recollection something recalled to the mind
subtype: engram__memory_trace a postulated biochemical change (presumably in neural tissue) that represents a memory
subtype: confabulation (psychiatry) a plausible but imagined memory that fills in gaps in what is remembered
subtype: screen_memory an imagined memory of a childhood experience; hides another memory of distressing significance
subtype: example__model a representative form or pattern; "I profited from his example"
subtype: lodestar__loadstar something that serves as a model or guide
subtype: prototype__paradigm__epitome__image a standard or typical example; "he is the prototype of good breeding"; "he provided America with an image of the good father"
subtype: imago.prototype (psychoanalysis) an idealized image of someone (usually a parent) formed in childhood
subtype: concentrate.prototype a concentrated example; "the concentrate of contemporary despair"
subtype: type_specimen__holotype the original specimen from which the description of anew species is made
subtype: microcosm a miniature model of something
subtype: original__archetype__pilot an original model on which something is patterned
subtype: template__templet a model or standard for making comparisons
subtype: speech_rhythm__rhythm the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frost's poetry"
subtype: appearance.internal_representation a mental representation; "I tried to describe his appearance to the police"
subtype: illusion__semblance an erroneous mental representation
subtype: phantom__apparition__shadow something existing in perception only: "a ghostly apparition at midnight"
subtype: unidentified_flying_object__UFO__flying_saucer an (apparently) flying object whose nature is unknown; especially those considered to have extraterrestrial origins
subtype: Flying_Dutchman.phantom__flyingdutchman a phantom ship that is said to appear in storms near the Cape of Good Hope
subtype: spook__ghost__shade__wraith__specter a mental representation of some haunting experience; "he looked like he had seen a ghost"; "it aroused specters from his past"
subtype: phantom_limb__phantomlimb the illusion that a limb still exists after it has been amputated
subtype: three-D__3-D__3D__3d having a three-dimensional form or appearance: "aren't dreams always in 3-D?"
subtype: front.appearance the outward appearance of a person; "he put up a bold front"
subtype: blur__fuzz a hazy or indistinct representation; "it happened so fast it was just a blur"; "he tried to clear his head of the whisky fuzz"
subtype: abstractionism__unrealism a representation having no reference to concrete objects or specific examples
subtype: concretism__concrete_representation a representation of an abstract idea in concrete terms
subtype: shape.concretism__embodiment a concrete representation of an otherwise nebulous concept; "a circle was the embodiment of his concept of life"
subtype: belief any cognitive content held as true
subtype: conviction__strong_belief__article_of_faith an unshakable belief in something without need for proof or evidence
subtype: amateurism the conviction that people should participate in sports as a hobby (for the fun of it) rather than for money
subtype: nationalism the conviction that the culture and interests of your nation are superior to those of any other nation
subtype: faith.belief complete confidence in a person or plan etc; "he cherished the faith of a good woman"; "the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust"
subtype: doctrine__philosophy__school_of_thought__ism a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school
subtype: abolitionism the doctrine that calls for the abolition of slavery
subtype: absolutism the doctrine of an absolute being
subtype: amoralism the doctrine that moral distinctions are invalid
subtype: animalism the doctrine that human beings are purely animal in nature and lacking a spiritual nature
subtype: animism the doctrine that all natural objects and the universe itself have souls; "animism is common among primitive peoples"
subtype: creationism the literal belief in the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis; "creationism denies the theory of evolution of species"
subtype: creation_science an effort to give scientific support for the truth of the account of creation given in the Book of Genesis
subtype: creed__credo any system of principles or beliefs
subtype: testament a profession of belief; "he stated his political testament"
subtype: Athanasian_Creed a Christian profession of faith
subtype: dogma a doctrine or code of beliefs accepted as authoritative; "he believed all the Marxist dogma"
subtype: dualism the doctrine that reality consists of two basic opposing elements, often taken to be mind and matter (or mind and body), or good and evil
subtype: epicureanism a doctrine of hedonism that was defended by several ancient Greek philosophers
subtype: expansionism the doctrine of expanding the territory or the economic influence of a country
subtype: formalism.doctrine the doctrine that formal structure rather than content is what should be represented
subtype: functionalism any doctrine that stresses utility or purpose
subtype: gospel a doctrine that is believed to be of great importance; "Newton's writings were gospel for those who followed"
subtype: gymnosophy the doctrine of a sect of Hindu philosophers who practiced nudity and asceticism and meditation
subtype: imitation.doctrine the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations
subtype: mimesis the imitative representation of nature and human behavior in art and literature
subtype: laissez_faire__laissezfaire__individualism the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs
subtype: internationalism the doctrine that nations should cooperate because their common interests are more important than their differences
subtype: unilateralism the doctrine that nations should conduct their foreign affairs individualistically without the advice or involvement of other nations
subtype: irredentism__irridentism the doctrine that irredenta should be controlled by the country to which they are ethnically or historically related
subtype: literalism the doctrine of realistic (literal) portrayal in art or literature
subtype: majority_rule__democracy the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding on the whole group
subtype: monism the doctrine that reality consists of a single basic substance or element
subtype: nihilism a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake
subtype: passivism__pacifism the doctrine that all violence in unjustifiable
subtype: pluralism the doctrine that reality consists of several basic substances or elements
subtype: populism the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite
subtype: freethinking__rationalism the doctrine that reason is the right basis for regulating conduct
subtype: humanism the doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason; rejects religion and the supernatural
subtype: humanitarianism__humanism the doctrine that people's duty is to promote human welfare
subtype: egalitarianism__equalitarianism the doctrine of the equality of mankind and the desirability of political and economic and social equality
subtype: feminism a doctrine that advocates equal rights for women
subtype: ecumenism__ecumenicism__ecumenicalism the doctrine of the ecumenical movement promoting cooperation and better understanding among different religious denominations; aimed at universal Christian unity
subtype: secessionism a doctrine that maintains the right of secession
subtype: secularism a doctrine that rejects religion and religious considerations
subtype: phenomenology a philosophical doctrine proposed by Edmund Husserl based on the study of human experience in which considerations of objective reality are not taken into account
subtype: philosophical_doctrine__philosophicaldoctrine__philosophical_theory__philosophicaltheory a doctrine accepted by adherents to a philosophy
subtype: aesthetic__esthetic a philosophical theory as to what is beautiful; "he despised the esthetic of minimalism"
subtype: Aristotelianism the philosophy of Aristotle that elaborates the fundamental principles of the syllogism
subtype: conceptualism the doctrine that the application of a general term to various objects indicates the existence of a mental entity that mediates the application
subtype: Confucianism the teachings of Confucius emphasizing love for humanity; high value given to learning and to devotion to family (including ancestors); peace; justice; influenced the traditional culture of China
subtype: deconstruction__deconstructionism a philosophical theory of criticism (usually of literature or film) that seeks to expose deep-seated contradictions in a work by delving below its surface meaning
subtype: empiricism__empiricist_philosophy__sensationalism the doctrine that knowledge derives from experience
subtype: experimentalism an empirical doctrine that advocates experimental principles
subtype: logical_positivism__logicalpositivism__positivism the form of empiricism that bases all knowledge on perceptual experience (not on intuition or revelation)
subtype: Comtism Auguste Comte's positivistic philosophy that metaphysics and theology should be replaced by a hierarchy of sciences from mathematics at the base to sociology at the top
subtype: existentialism__existentialist_philosophy a 20th-century philosophical movement; assumes that people are entirely free and thus responsible for what they make of themselves
subtype: determinism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are inevitable consequences of antecedent sufficient causes; often understood as denying the possibility of free will
subtype: fatalism a philosophical doctrine holding that all events are predetermined in advance for all time and human beings are powerless to change them
subtype: formalism.philosophical_doctrine the philosophical theory that formal (logical or mathematical) statements have no meaning but that its symbols (regarded as physical entities) exhibit a form that has useful applications
subtype: idealism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that ideas are the only reality
subtype: intuitionism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired primarily by intuition
subtype: logicism the philosophical theory that all of mathematics can be derived from formal logic
subtype: physicalism__materialism the doctrine that matter is the only reality
subtype: dialectical_materialism__dialecticalmaterialism the materialistic philosophy of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
subtype: mechanism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes
subtype: mentalism a doctrine that mind is the true reality and that objects exist only as aspects of the mind's awareness
subtype: nativism the philosophical doctrine that some ideas are innate
subtype: naturalism the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations
subtype: nominalism the doctrine that the various objects labeled by the same term have nothing in common but their name
subtype: operationalism the doctrine that the meaning of a proposition consists of the operations involved in proving or applying it
subtype: Platonism__realism the philosophical doctrine that abstract concepts exist independent of their names
subtype: pragmatism the doctrine that practical consequences are the criteria of knowledge and meaning and value
subtype: probabilism the doctrine that (since certainty is unattainable) probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action
subtype: rationalism the doctrine that knowledge is acquired by reason without resort to experience
subtype: naive_realism__naiverealism__realism the philosophical doctrine that physical object continue to exist when not perceived
subtype: relativism the philosophical doctrine that all criteria of judgment are relative to the individuals and situations involved
subtype: scholasticism the system of philosophy dominant in medieval Europe; based on Aristotle and the Church Fathers
subtype: semiotics__semiotic a philosophical theory of the functions of signs and symbols
subtype: sensualism__sensationalism the ethical doctrine that feeling is the only criterion for what is good
subtype: solipsism the philosophical theory that the self is all that you know to exist
subtype: Stoicism the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno
subtype: subjectivism the doctrine that knowledge and value are dependent on and limited by your subjective experience
subtype: Daoism__Taoism philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events
subtype: teleology a doctrine explaining phenomena by their ends or purposes
subtype: traditionalism.philosophical_doctrine the doctrine that all knowledge was originally derived by divine revelation and that it is transmitted by traditions
subtype: vitalism a doctrine that life is a vital principle distinct from physics and chemistry
subtype: states'_rights.doctrine a doctrine that federal powers should be curtailed and returned to the individual states
subtype: nullification.states'_rights the states'-rights doctrine that a state can refuse to recognize or to enforce a federal law passed by the United States Congress
subtype: teaching__precept a doctrine that is taught; "the teaching of religion"; "he believed all the Christian precepts"
subtype: Golden_Rule a command based on Jesus' words in the Sermon on the Mount: "Whatsoever ye would that men do unto you, do you even so unto them" (Mathew 7:12)
subtype: theological_doctrine__theologicaldoctrine the doctrine of a religious group
subtype: theanthropism (theology) the doctrine that Jesus was a union of the human and the divine
subtype: predestination__foreordination__preordination__predetermination (theology) the doctrine (usually associated with Calvin) that God has foreordained every event throughout eternity (including the final salvation of mankind)
subtype: spiritualism.theological_doctrine any doctrine that asserts the separate existence of God
subtype: antinomianism the theological doctrine that by faith and God's grace a Christian is freed from all laws (including the moral standards of the culture)
subtype: Thomism the comprehensive theological doctrine created by Saint Thomas Aquinas in the 13th century and still taught by the Dominicans
subtype: Arianism the theological doctrine taught by Arius that Christ the Son was not consubstantial with God the Father
subtype: Athanasianism the theological doctrine taught by Athanasius that Christ the Son is of the same substance as God the Father
subtype: Boehmenism__Behmenism the mystical theological doctrine of Jakob Boehme that influenced the Quakers
subtype: consubstantiation the High-Church Anglican doctrine that after the consecration of the Eucharist the substance of the body and blood of Christ coexists with the substance of the consecrated bread and wine
subtype: Episcopalianism the theological doctrine of Church government by bishops
subtype: Erastianism__Byzantinism__Caesaropapism the doctrine that the state is supreme over the church in ecclesiastical matters
subtype: Jansenism the Roman Catholic doctrine of Cornelis Jansen and his disciples; salvation is limited to those who are subject to supernatural determinism and the rest are assigned to perdition
subtype: millenarianism belief in the Christian doctrine of the millennium mentioned in the Book of Revelations
subtype: Quakerism the theological doctrine of the Society of Friends characterized by opposition to war and rejection of ritual and a formal creed and an ordained ministry
subtype: rationalism.theological_doctrine the theological doctrine that human reason rather than divine revelation establishes religious truth
subtype: deism__free_thought the form of theological rationalism that believes in God on the basis of reason without reference to revelation
subtype: Rosicrucianism the theological doctrine that venerates the rose and the Cross as symbols of Christ's Resurrection and Redemption; claims various occult powers
subtype: synergism the theological doctrine that salvation results from the interaction of human will and divine grace
subtype: total_depravity the Calvinist doctrine that everyone is born in a state of corruption as a result of original sin
subtype: transubstantiation the Roman Catholic doctrine that the whole substance of the bread and the wine changes into the substance of the body and blood of Christ when consecrated in the Eucharist
subtype: universalism the theological doctrine that all people will eventually be saved
subtype: Virgin_Birth__Nativity the theological doctrine that Jesus Christ had no human father; Christians believe that Jesus's birth fulfilled Old Testament prophecies and was attended by miracles; the Nativity is celebrated at Christmas
subtype: utilitarianism doctrine that the useful is the good; especially as elaborated by Jeremy Bentham and James Mill; the aim was said to be the greatest happiness for the greatest number
subtype: religious_doctrine__religiousdoctrine__church_doctrine__gospel__creed the body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that group
subtype: Nicene_Creed a formal creed summarizing Christian beliefs; first adopted in 325 and later expanded
subtype: tenet__belief__dogma a religious doctrine that is proclaimed as true without proof
subtype: article_of_faith__credendum (Christianity) any of the sections into which a creed or other statement of doctrine is divided
subtype: Immaculate_Conception the Roman Catholic doctrine that the Virgin Mary was conceived without any stain of original sin
subtype: Incarnation the Christian doctrine of the union of God and man in the person of Jesus Christ
subtype: real_presence the Christian doctrine that the body of Christ is actually present in the Eucharist
subtype: philosophy.belief any personal belief about how to live or how to deal with a situation; "self-indulgence was his only philosophy"; "my father's philosophy of child-rearing was to let mother do it"
subtype: outlook__expectation__prospect belief about (or mental picture of) the future
subtype: promise.outlook__hope grounds for feeling hopeful about the future; "there is little or no promise that he will recover"
subtype: rainbow.promise an illusory hope; "chasing rainbows"
subtype: foretaste an early limited awareness of something yet to occur
subtype: possibility a future prospect or potential; "this room has great possibilities"
subtype: anticipation.outlook__expectancy something expected (as on the basis of a norm); "each of them had their own anticipations"; "an indicator of expectancy in development"
subtype: life_expectancy an expected time to live as calculated on the basis of statistical probabilities
subtype: misgiving__apprehension painful expectation
subtype: fetichism__fetishism a belief in the magical power of fetishes (or the worship of a fetish)
subtype: meliorism the belief that the world can be made better by human effort
subtype: opinion.belief__sentiment__persuasion__view__thought a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty; "my opinion differs from yours"; "what are your thoughts on Haiti?"
subtype: idea a personal view; "he has an idea that we don't like him"
subtype: judgment.opinion__judgement__mind an opinion formed by judging something; "he was reluctant to make his judgment known"; "she changed her mind"
subtype: decision.judgment__determination__conclusion a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration: "a decision unfavorable to the opposition"; "his conclusion took the evidence into account"; "satisfied with the panel's determination"
subtype: eyes opinion or judgment; "in the eyes of the law" or "I was wrong in her eyes"
subtype: preconception__prepossession__parti_pris__preconceived_opinion__preconceived_idea__preconceived_notion an opinion formed beforehand without adequate evidence; "he did not even try to confirm his preconceptions"
subtype: pole.opinion one of two divergent or mutually exclusive opinions; "they are at opposite poles" or "they are poles apart"
subtype: political_sympathies__politics the opinion you hold with respect to political questions
subtype: autotelism belief that a work of art is an end in itself or its own justification
subtype: originalism the belief that the US Constitution should be interpreted in the way the authors originally intended it
subtype: pacifism the belief that all international disputes can be settled by arbitration
subtype: religious_belief__religiousbelief__religion__faith a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny; "he lost his faith but not his morality"
subtype: religious_cult__religiouscult__cult a system of religious beliefs and rituals
subtype: macumba a Brazilian religious cult of African origin; combines voodoo elements with singing a chanting and dancing
subtype: obeah__obi a religious belief of African origin involving witchcraft and sorcery; practiced in parts of the West Indies and tropical Americas
subtype: Rastafarianism belief in Ras Tafari (Haile Selassie of Ethiopia) as the Messiah and that Africa (especially Ethiopia) is the Promised Land
subtype: vodoun__voodoo__voodooism__hoodooism a religious cult practiced chiefly in Caribbean countries (especially Haiti); involves witchcraft and animistic deities
subtype: ecclesiasticism.religious_belief religion appropriate to a church and to ecclesiastical principles and practices
subtype: religious_mysticism__religiousmysticism__mysticism a religion based on mystical communion with an ultimate reality
subtype: quietism a form of religious mysticism requiring withdrawal from all human effort and passive contemplation of God
subtype: nature_worship a system of religion that deifies and worships natural forces and phenomena
subtype: revealed_religion a religion founded primarily on the revelations of God to humankind
subtype: theism the doctrine or belief in the existence of a God or gods
subtype: monotheism belief in a single God
subtype: Judaism the monotheistic religion of the Jews; based on the Old Testament and the Talmud
subtype: Orthodox_Judaism beliefs and practices of a Judaic sect that strictly observes Mosaic Law
subtype: Hasidism__Hassidism beliefs and practices of a sect of Orthodox Jews
subtype: Conservative_Judaism beliefs and practices of Conservative Jews
subtype: Reform_Judaism beliefs and practices of Reform Jews
subtype: Muhammadanism__Islam__Islamism__Mohammedanism__Muslimism the monotheistic religion of Muslims based on the Koran
subtype: polytheism__pantheism belief in multiple Gods
subtype: paganism__pagan_religion__paganreligion__heathenism any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
subtype: Christianity__Christian_religion the system of Christian beliefs and practices
subtype: Second_Adventism__Adventism any Christian religion that believes the second coming of Christ is imminent
subtype: Seventh-Day_Adventism Adventism that is strongly Protestant and observes Saturday as the Sabbath
subtype: Catholicism__Catholicity the beliefs and practices of a Catholic Church
subtype: Romanism__Roman_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of the Catholic Church based in Rome
subtype: Eastern_Catholicism the beliefs and practices of any of the Eastern Catholic Churches based in Constantinople
subtype: Protestantism the theological system of any of the churches of Western Christendom that separated from the Roman Catholic Church during the Reformation
subtype: Anglicanism the faith and doctrine and practice of the Anglican Church
subtype: Anglo-Catholicism__High_Anglicanism a doctrine and practice within the Church of England emphasizing the Catholic tradition
subtype: Arminianism doctrines of Jacobus Arminius (1610) rejecting absolute predestination or strict Calvinism
subtype: Calvinism the theological system of John Calvin and his followers emphasizing omnipotence of God and salvation by grace alone
subtype: Christian_Science religious system based on teachings of Mary Baker Eddy emphasizing spiritual healing
subtype: Lutheranism teachings of Martin Luther emphasizing the cardinal doctrine of justification by faith alone
subtype: Unitarianism Christian doctrine that stresses individual freedom of belief and rejects the Trinity
subtype: Trinitarianism Christian doctrine stressing belief in the Trinity
subtype: Congregationalism system of beliefs and church government of a Protestant denomination in which each member church is self-governing
subtype: Mennonitism system of beliefs and practices including belief in Scriptural authority; plain dress; adult baptism; foot washing; restriction of marriage to members of the group
subtype: evangelicalism stresses the importance of personal conversion and faith as the means of salvation
subtype: revivalism an attempt to reawaken the evangelical faith
subtype: fundamentalism the interpretation of every word in the Bible as literal truth
subtype: Methodism the religious beliefs and practices of Methodists characterized by concern with social welfare and public morals
subtype: Wesleyanism__Wesleyism evangelical principles taught by John Wesley
subtype: Anabaptism belief in: the primacy of the Bible; baptism of believers not infants; complete separation of church and state
subtype: Baptistic_doctrine any of various doctrines closely related to Anabaptism
subtype: Mormonism the doctrines and practices of the Mormon Church based on the Book of Mormon
subtype: pentecostalism the principles and practices of Pentecostal religious groups; characterized by religious excitement and talking in tongues
subtype: Presbyterianism the doctrines and practices of the Presbyterian Church: based in Calvinism
subtype: Puritanism.Protestantism__puritanism the beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects)
subtype: Tractarianism__Puseyism principles of the founders of the Oxford movement; expounded in pamphlets called "Tracts for the Times"
subtype: Hinduism__Hindooism a complex of beliefs and values and customs including worship of many gods especially the Trimurti composed of Brahma the Creator; Vishnu the preserver; and Shiva the destroyer
subtype: Krishnaism worship of Krishna the 8th avatar of Vishnu
subtype: Shivaism__Sivaism worship of Shiva one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Shaktism__Saktism worship of Shakti as the wife of Shiva
subtype: Vishnuism__Vaishnavism__Vaisnavism worship of Vishnu one of the 3 chief gods of the Hindu pantheon
subtype: Yoga a Hindu theistic philosophy; union of self and the Supreme Being is sought through a state of complete awareness and tranquillity attained by certain physical exercises
subtype: Brahmanism__Brahminism the religious beliefs of ancient India as prescribed in the sacred Vedas and Brahmanas and Upanishads
subtype: Jainism religion founded in the 6th century as a revolt against Hinduism; emphasizes asceticism and immortality and transmigration of the soul; denies existence of a perfect or supreme being
subtype: Sikhism a radically monotheistic religion founded in Punjab in the 16th Century
subtype: Buddhism the ethical philosophy of Buddha; emphasizes physical and spiritual discipline as a means of liberation from the physical world
subtype: Mahayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing a common search for universal salvation especially through faith alone; chiefly in China; Tibet; Japan
subtype: Hinayana one of two great schools of Buddhist doctrine emphasizing personal salvation through one's own efforts; chiefly in Sri Lanka (Ceylon); Myanmar (Burma); Thailand; Cambodia
subtype: Lamaism Tibetan Buddhist doctrine including non-Buddhist Indian elements and elements of preexisting shamanism
subtype: Zen_Buddhism__Zen doctrine that enlightenment can be attained through direct intuitive insight
subtype: Shingon a Japanese Buddhism emphasizing mystical symbolism of mantras and mudras and the Buddha's ideal which is inexpressible
subtype: Tantra__Tantrism doctrine of enlightenment as the realization of the oneness of one's self and the visible world; combines elements of Hinduism and paganism including magical and mystical elements like mantras and mudras and erotic rites; especially influential in Tibet
subtype: Hsuan_Chiao__Taoism popular Chinese philosophical system based in teachings of Lao-tzu but characterized by a pantheism of many gods and the practices of alchemy and divination and magic
subtype: Shintoism__Shinto the indigenous polytheistic religion of Japan lacking organized teachings; primarily nature and ancestor worship including a chief deity from whom the emperor is believed to be descended
subtype: Mithraism__Mithraicism ancient Persian religion; popular among Romans during first three centuries a.d.
subtype: Zoroastrianism__Mazdaism system founded in Persia in the 6th century b.c. by Zoroaster; set forth in the Zend-Avesta; based on concept of struggle between light (good) and dark (evil)
subtype: Parsiism__Parseeism Zoroastrian sect in India
subtype: shamanism an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans
subtype: shamanism.religious_belief any animistic religion similar to Asian shamanism especially as practiced by certain Native American tribes
subtype: public_opinion__popular_opinion__popularopinion__opinion__vox_populi__voxpopuli a belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people; "he asked for a poll of public opinion"
subtype: sacerdotalism a belief that priests can act as mediators between human beings and God
subtype: spiritualism the belief that the spirits of dead people can communicate with people who are still alive (especially via a medium)
subtype: spiritual_world__unseen a belief that there is a realm controlled by a divine spirit
subtype: supernaturalism a belief in forces beyond ordinary human understanding
subtype: magic any art that invokes supernatural powers
subtype: juju the power associated with a juju
subtype: mojo a magic power or magic spell
subtype: conjuring__conjury invoking a spirit or devil
subtype: summoning__evocation calling up supposed supernatural forces by spells and incantations
subtype: sorcery__black_magic__blackmagic__black_art__blackart the belief in magical spells that harness occult forces or evil spirits to produce unnatural effects in the world
subtype: witchcraft__witchery the art of sorcery
subtype: bewitchment__enchantment a magical spell
subtype: diabolism__demonism__Satanism the worship of devils (especially Satan)
subtype: obiism belief in a kind of sorcery that originated in Africa and is practiced in the West Indies
subtype: theurgy magic performed with the help of beneficent spirits
subtype: exorcism__dispossession freeing from evil spirits
subtype: superstition__superstitious_notion__superstitiousnotion an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear
subtype: theory.belief a belief that can guide behavior; "the architect has a theory that more is less"; "they killed him on the theory that dead men tell no tales"
subtype: hodgepodge__patchwork__jumble a theory or argument made up of miscellaneous or incongruous ideas
subtype: theosophy belief based on mystical insight into the nature of God and the soul
subtype: thought the organized beliefs of a period or group or individual; "19th century thought" or "Darwinian thought"
subtype: mainstream the prevailing current of thought; "his thinking was in the American mainstream"
subtype: totemism belief in the kinship of a group of people with a common totem
subtype: tribalism the beliefs of a tribal society
subtype: values beliefs of a person or social group in which they have an emotional investment (either for or against something); "he has very conservatives values"
subtype: individualism a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence
subtype: rugged_individualism individualism in social and economic affairs; belief not only in personal liberty and self-reliance but also in free competition
subtype: unbelief__disbelief a rejection of belief
subtype: skepticism__agnosticism__scepticism the disbelief in any claims of ultimate knowledge
subtype: atheism a lack of belief in the existence of God or gods
subtype: heresy__unorthodoxy a belief that rejects the orthodox tenets of a religion
subtype: goal.cognitive_content__end the state of affairs that a plan is intended to achieve and that (when achieved) terminates behavior intended to achieve it; "the ends justify the means"
subtype: objective__aim__object__target the goal intended to be attained (and which is believed to be attainable); "the sole object of her trip was to see her children"
subtype: business.objective an immediate objective; "gossip was the main business of the evening"
subtype: occasions__occasion something you have to do; "he minded his own specialized occasions"
subtype: point.objective the object of an activity; "what is the point of discussing it?"
subtype: thing.objective a special objective: "the thing is to stay in bounds"
subtype: bourn__bourne an archaic term for a goal or destination
subtype: end-all__endall the ultimate goal; "human beings are not the end-all of evolution"
subtype: destination__terminus the ultimate goal for which something is done
subtype: no-goal a nonexistent goal; "he lived without a reason progressing toward no-goal"
subtype: purpose__intent__intention__aim__design an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions; "his intent was to provide a new translation"; "good intentions are not enough"; "it was created with the conscious aim of answering immediate needs"; "he made no secret of his designs"
subtype: mind.purpose__idea your intention; what you intend to do; "he had in mind to see his old teacher"; "the idea of the game is to capture all the pieces"
subtype: cross-purpose__crosspurpose a contrary aim; "at cross-purposes"
subtype: sake the purpose of achieving or obtaining; "for the sake of argument"
subtype: view.purpose the phrase "with a view to" means "with the intention of"; "he took the computer with a view to pawning it"
subtype: will a fixed and persistent intent or purpose; "where there's a will there's a way"
subtype: intention.goal (usually plural) the goal with respect to a marriage proposal; "his intentions are entirely honorable"
subtype: education.cognitive_content knowledge acquired by learning and instruction; "it was clear that he had a very broad education"
subtype: physical_education training in the development of and care for the human body; stresses athletics; includes hygiene
subtype: experience the accumulation of knowledge or skill that results from direct participation in events or activities; "a man of experience"; "experience is the best teacher"
subtype: familiarization the experience of becoming familiar with something
subtype: woodcraft.experience skill and experience in matters relating to the woods (as hunting or fishing or camping)
subtype: eruditeness__eruditenes__learnedness__learning__scholarship profound knowledge
subtype: letters.eruditeness__letter scholarly attainment; "he is a man of letters"
subtype: enlightenment education that results in understanding and the spread of knowledge
subtype: edification__sophistication uplifting enlightenment
subtype: disenchantment__disillusion__disillusionment freeing from false belief or illusions
subtype: satori (Zen Buddhism) a state of sudden spiritual enlightenment
subtype: experience.cognitive_content the content of direct observation or participation in an event; "he had a religious experience"; "he recalled the experience vividly"
subtype: world.experience__reality all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you; "his world was shattered"; "we live in different worlds"; "for them demons were as much a part of reality as trees were"
subtype: real_world__real_life the practical world as opposed to the academic world; "a good consultant must have a lot of experience in the real world"
subtype: life.experience__living the experience of living; the course of human events and activities; "he could no longer cope with the complexities of life"
subtype: reliving__re-experiencing__reexperiencing a recurrence of a prior experience; "the reliving of a strong emotion can be therapeutic"
subtype: reminder an experience that causes you to remember something
subtype: deja_vu the experience of thinking that a new situation had occurred before
subtype: memento a reminder of past events
subtype: memento_mori__mementomori a reminder (as a death's head) of your mortality
subtype: shades_of something that reminds you of someone or something; "aren't there shades of 1948 here?"
subtype: acculturation.cognitive_content__culture all the knowledge and values shared by a society
subtype: lore__traditional_knowledge__traditionalknowledge knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote: "early peoples passed on plant and animal lore through legend"
subtype: old_wives'_tale a bit of lore passed on by word of mouth
subtype: folklore the unwritten literature (stories and proverbs and riddles and songs) of a culture
subtype: ignorance the lack of knowledge or education
subtype: ignorantness__nescience__unknowing__unknowingness__unknowingnes ignorance (especially of orthodox beliefs)
subtype: inexperience lack of experience and the knowledge and understanding derived from experience
subtype: unenlightenment a lack of understanding
subtype: dark.unenlightenment__darkness an unenlightened state; "he was in the dark concerning their intentions"; "his lectures dispelled the darkness"
subtype: illiteracy.ignorance ignorance resulting from not reading
subtype: knowledge_domain__knowledgedomain__knowledge_base__knowledgebase the content of a particular domain or field of knowledge
subtype: domain.knowledge_domain__region__realm a knowledge domain that you are interested in or are communicating about; "it was a limited domain of discourse"; "here we enter the region of opinion"; "the realm of the occult"
subtype: scientific_knowledge knowledge accumulated by systematic study and organized by general principles; "mathematics is the basis for much scientific knowledge"
subtype: metaknowledge knowledge about knowledge
subtype: history.cognition all that is remembered of the past as preserved in writing; a body of knowledge: "the dawn of recorded history"; "from the beginning of history"
subtype: mental_attitude__attitude a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways; "he had the attitude that work was fun"
subtype: description_medium__descriptionmedium e.g., a syntax, a language, a script, a structure
subtype: description_container__descriptioncontainer file, image, ... but not a disk or a piece of paper
subtype: communication something that is communicated between people or groups
subtype: non_spatial_collection__nonspatialcollection__true_collection something gathering separated things (entities/situations) and that is not a spatial object
12 statements are about indirect instances of non_spatial_object_that_is_not_an_attribute_or_quality_or_measure: graph1_on_ontology, graph1_on_type, graph1_on_conference, graph1_on_file, graph1_on_written_material, graph1_on_publication, graph1_on_report, graph35_on_article, graph1_on_address, graph1_on_housing, graph1_on_meal_shop, graph1_on_person click here to display them or click here for a search form or here to add a statement
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