pm#irreflexive_relation_type r is irreflexive if r(?i,?i) holds for no value of ?i
supertype: pm#binary_relation_type all binary relation types are instance of that object instance: pm#irreflexive_relation__irreflexiverelation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#irreflexive_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: pm#asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
subtype: sumo#immediate_instance__immediateinstance (?,sumo#set_or_class) if the common reading conventions of parameters had been respected, this type would have been named immediate_instance_of; an object is an immediate_instance of a set_or_class if it is an instance of the set_or_class and there does not exist a subclass of set_or_class such that it is an instance of the subclass
subtype: sumo#immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of (sumo#set_or_class,sumo#set_or_class) the 1st argument is a subclass of the 2nd argument and there is no other subclass of the 2nd argument such that the 1st is also a subclass of the 2nd; in WebKB, use the link '<'
subtype: sumo#range (pm#function_type,sumo#set_or_class) gives the range of a function, i.e. all of the values assigned by the function are instances of sumo#class
subtype: sumo#range_subclass (pm#function_type,sumo#set_or_class) all of the values assigned by the function in the 1st argument are subclasses of the 2nd argment
subtype: sumo#valence (pm#relation_type,sumo#positive_integer) specifies the number of arguments that a relation can take; if a relation does not have a fixed number of arguments, it does not have a valence and it is an instance of variable_arity_relation, e.g., sumo#holds is a variable_arity_relation
subtype: sumo#documentation (?,pm#string) a relation between objects in the domain of discourse and strings of natural language text; the domain of this relation is not constants (names), but the objects themselves; this means that one does not quote the names when associating them with their documentation
subtype: sumo#successor_attribute__successorattribute (sumo#Attribute,sumo#Attribute) the second argument is the attribute that comes immediately after the first on the scale that they share
subtype: sumo#front_fn__frontfn (sumo#self_connected_object -> sumo#self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that generally receives the most attention or that typically faces the direction in which the object moves; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: sumo#back_fn (sumo#self_connected_object -> sumo#self_connected_object) a function that maps an object to the side that is opposite the front_fn of the object; note that this is a partial function, since some objects do not have sides, e.g., apples and spheres; note too that the range of this function is indefinite in much the way that immediate_future_fn and immediate_past_fn are indefinite; although this indefiniteness is undesirable from a theoretical standpoint, it does not have significant practical implications, since there is widespread intersubjective agreement about the most common cases
subtype: sumo#proper_part__proper_part_of (sumo#object,sumo#object) the 1st argument is part of the 2nd but is not it; this is a transitive_relation and asymmetric_relation (hence an irreflexive_relation)
subtype: sumo#contains (sumo#self_connected_object,sumo#object) the relation of spatial containment for two separable objects; when the two objects are not separable (e.g., an automobile and one of its seats), the relation of part should be used; (sumo#contains ?OBJ1 ?OBJ2) means that the self_connected_object ?OBJ1 has a space (i.e. a hole) which is at least partially filled by ?OBJ2
subtype: sumo#member (sumo#self_connected_object,sumo#collection) a specialized common sense notion of part for uniform parts of collections; for example, each sheep in a flock of sheep would have the relationship of member to the flock
subtype: sumo#contains_information (sumo#content_bearing_object,sumo#proposition) relates a content_bearing_object to the proposition it expresses; examples include the relationships between a physical novel and its story and between a printed score and its musical content
subtype: sumo#leader__leader_of (sumo#human,dl#agentive_physical_object) (sumo#leader ?INSTITUTION ?PERSON) means that the leader of ?INSTITUTION is ?PERSON
subtype: sumo#attribute (sumo#object,sumo#Attribute) the 2nd argument is an attribute of the 1st
subtype: sumo#manner (sumo#process,sumo#Attribute) the 1st argument is qualified by the 2nd (which is usually denoted by and adverb), e.g., the speed of the wind, the style of a dance, or the intensity of a sports competition
subtype: sumo#probability_fn__probabilityfn (sumo#formula -> sumo#real_number) one of the basic probability_relations, probability_fn is used to state the a priori probability of a state of affairs represented by the given formula
subtype: sumo#in_list (?,sumo#list) true if the 1st argument is in the list; analog of element and instance for lists
subtype: sumo#closed_on (pm#function_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_function is closed on a set_or_class if it is defined for all instances of the set_or_class and its value is always an instance of the set_or_class
subtype: sumo#reflexive_on__reflexiveon (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_relation is reflexive on a set_or_class only if every instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: sumo#irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_relation is irreflexive on a set_or_class only if no instance of the set_or_class bears the relation to itself
subtype: sumo#partial_ordering_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_relation is a partial ordering on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class, and it is both an antisymmetric_relation, and a transitive_relation
subtype: sumo#total_ordering_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_relation ?REL is a total ordering on a set_or_class only if it is a partial ordering for which either (?REL ?INST1 ?INST2) or (?REL ?INST2 ?INST1) for every ?INST1 and ?INST2 in the set_or_class
subtype: sumo#trichotomizing_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class)
subtype: sumo#equivalence_relation_on (pm#binary_relation_type,sumo#set_or_class) a binary_relation is an equivalence_relation_on a set_or_class only if the relation is reflexive_on the set_or_class and it is both a transitive_relation and a symmetric_relation
subtype: sumo#causes (sumo#process,sumo#process) the process in the 1st argument brings about the process in the 2nd argument
subtype: sumo#causes_subclass (pm#sumo_process_class,pm#sumo_process_class) the 1st argument brings about the 2nd, e.g., (causes_subclass killing death)
subtype: sumo#time (sumo#physical,sumo#time_position) means that temporal lifespan of the 1st argument includes the time_position in the 2nd argument, i.e. the 1st argument existed or occurred at that time_position; sumo#time does for instances of physical what sumo#holds_during does for instances of sumo#formula; sumo#located and sumo#time are the basic spatial and temporal predicates, respectively
subtype: sumo#holds_during__holdsduring (sumo#time_position,sumo#formula) means that the proposition denoted by is true at (every temporal_part of) the time_position
subtype: sumo#exploits (sumo#object,dl#agentive_physical_object) the object is used by the agent as a resource in an unspecified instance of process
subtype: sumo#has_purpose__haspurpose (sumo#physical,sumo#formula) the instance of physical has, as its purpose, the proposition expressed by the formula; note that there is an important difference in meaning between the predicates has_purpose and result; although the second argument of the latter can satisfy the second argument of the former, a conventional goal is an expected and desired outcome, while a result may be neither expected nor desired; for example, a machine process may have outcomes but no goals, aimless wandering may have an outcome but no goal; a learning process may have goals with no outcomes, and so on
subtype: sumo#has_skill__hasskill (pm#sumo_process_class,dl#agentive_physical_object) similar to the capability predicate with the additional restriction that the ability be practised or demonstrated to some measurable degree
subtype: sumo#crosses__crosse (sumo#object,sumo#object) the 1st object traverses the second without being connected to it
subtype: sumo#penetrates (sumo#object,sumo#object) the 1st object is connected to the second along at least one whole dimension (length, width or depth)
subtype: sumo#possesses__possesse (dl#agentive_physical_object,sumo#object) the agent has ownership of the object
subtype: sumo#precondition (?,?)
subtype: sumo#realization (?,?)
subtype: sumo#expressed_in_language (?,?)
subtype: sumo#uses (?,?)
subtype: sumo#identity_element (?,?)
subtype: sumo#element (?,?)
subtype: sumo#cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn (?,?)
subtype: sumo#measure (?,?)
subtype: sumo#duration (?,?)
subtype: sumo#frequency (?,?)
subtype: sumo#meets_temporally__meetstemporally (?,?)
subtype: sumo#date (?,?)
subtype: sumo#surface (?,?)
subtype: sumo#interior_part (?,?)
subtype: sumo#hole (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#hole_host_fn (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#partially_fills__partiallyfill (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#properly_fills (?,?)
subtype: sumo#completely_fills (?,?)
subtype: sumo#fills__fill (?,?)
subtype: sumo#hole_skin_fn (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#geographic_subregion (?,?)
subtype: sumo#geopolitical_subdivision (?,?)
subtype: sumo#developmental_form__developmentalform (?,?)
subtype: sumo#inhabits (?,?)
subtype: sumo#authors__author (?,?)
subtype: sumo#editor (?,?)
subtype: sumo#publishes__publishe (?,?)
subtype: sumo#version (?,?)
subtype: sumo#parent (?,?)
subtype: sumo#husband (?,?)
subtype: sumo#wife (?,?)
subtype: sumo#citizen (?,?)
subtype: sumo#modal_attribute__modalattribute (?,?)
subtype: sumo#successor_attribute_closure__successorattributeclosure (sumo#Attribute,sumo#Attribute) transitive closure of successor_attribute: there is a chain of sumo#successor_attribute assertions connecting the two arguments
subtype: pm#different__different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: owl#different_from__differentfrom (?,?)
subtype: pm#exclusive_class__exclusiveclas (rdfs#class,rdfs#class) the 2 classes have no common subtype/instance; in WebKB, use the link '!'
subtype: pm#complement_class (rdfs#class -> rdfs#class) if something is not in one of the classes, then it is in the other, and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '/'
subtype: pm#inverse__reverse (pm#binary_relation_type -> pm#binary_relation_type) for inverseOf(R,S) read: R is the inverse of S; i.e. if R(x,y) then S(y,x) and vice versa; in WebKB, use the link '-'
subtype: sumo#less_than (sumo#quantity,sumo#quantity)
subtype: sumo#greater_than__greaterthan (sumo#quantity,sumo#quantity)
subtype: sumo#increases_likelihood__increaseslikelihood__increases_likelihood_of (sumo#formula,sumo#formula) the 2nd formula is more likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: sumo#decreases_likelihood__decreaseslikelihood__decreases_likelihood_of (sumo#formula,sumo#formula) the 2nd formula is less likely to be true if the 1st is true
subtype: sumo#inhibits (?,?)
subtype: sumo#prevents (?,?)
subtype: sumo#sub_proposition__subproposition (?,?)
subtype: sumo#sub_plan__subplan (?,?)
subtype: sumo#larger (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#smaller (sumo#object,*)
subtype: sumo#starts (?,?)
subtype: sumo#finishes (?,?)
subtype: sumo#before (?,?)
subtype: sumo#during (?,?)
subtype: sumo#earlier (?,?)
subtype: sumo#meets_spatially__meetsspatially (?,?)
subtype: sumo#overlaps_partially (?,?)
subtype: sumo#superficial_part__superficialpart (?,?)
subtype: sumo#connected_engineering_components (?,?)
subtype: sumo#ancestor (?,?)
subtype: sumo#sibling (?,?)
subtype: sumo#brother (?,?)
subtype: sumo#sister (?,?)
subtype: sumo#spouse (?,?)
instance: pm#inverse sumo#successor_attribute_closure sumo#front_fn sumo#back_fn sumo#attribute sumo#manner sumo#less_than sumo#greater_than sumo#increases_likelihood sumo#decreases_likelihood sumo#in_list sumo#inhibits sumo#prevents sumo#sub_proposition sumo#sub_plan sumo#larger sumo#smaller sumo#starts sumo#finishes sumo#before sumo#during sumo#earlier sumo#meets_spatially sumo#overlaps_partially sumo#superficial_part sumo#connected_engineering_components sumo#ancestor sumo#sibling sumo#brother sumo#sister sumo#spouse sumo#husband sumo#wife sumo#modal_attribute
equal: sumo#irreflexive_relation (pm)
subtype: pm#asymmetric_relation_type an antisymmetric and irreflexive relation
subtype: pm#case_relation_type the class of predicates relating the spatially distinguished parts of a process. e.g., the agent, patient or destination of an action, the flammable substance in a burning process, or the water that falls in rain
instance: pm#doer/object/result/place (pm#situation,?)
subtype: pm#doer/object/result (pm#situation,?)
subtype: pm#agent__doer (pm#situation [48..*],pm#entity [49..*])
subtype: pm#organizer (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: pm#participant (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: pm#seller__vendor___vender (pm#situation -> pm#goal_directed_agent)
subtype: pm#customer__client___buyer__buyer___purchaser__purchaser___vendee (pm#situation,pm#goal_directed_agent)
subtype: pm#responsible_agent__responsibleagent (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: sumo#agent (sumo#process,dl#agentive_physical_object) the 2nd argument is an active determinant, animate or inanimate, of the process
subtype: pm#initiator (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: pm#object/result (pm#situation,?)
subtype: pm#instrument (pm#situation,pm#entity)
subtype: sumo#instrument (sumo#process,sumo#object) the 2nd argument is used in bringing about the first and is not changed by it, e.g., the key is an instrument in 'the key opened the door'; instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair
subtype: pm#object__patient___theme__theme (pm#situation,?)
subtype: pm#input (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#material (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#parameter (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#input_output__inputoutput (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#modified_object (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#muted_object__mutedobject (pm#process,?)
subtype: pm#deleted_object__deletedobject (pm#process,?)
subtype: sumo#patient (sumo#process,?) the 2nd argument may be moved, said, experienced, etc; the direct objects in 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients; the patient of a process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the process
subtype: sumo#instrument (sumo#process,sumo#object) the 2nd argument is used in bringing about the first and is not changed by it, e.g., the key is an instrument in 'the key opened the door'; instrument and resource cannot be satisfied by the same ordered pair
subtype: sumo#resource (sumo#process,sumo#object) the object is present at the beginning of the process, is used by it, and as a consequence is changed by it; for example, soap is a resource in 'the gun was carved out of soap'; resource differs from instrument in that its internal or physical properties are altered in some way by the process
subtype: sumo#result (sumo#process,?) the 2nd argument is the product of the process, e.g., house is a result in 'Eric built a house'
subtype: pm#result (pm#situation,?)
subtype: pm#output (pm#process,?)
subtype: sumo#result (sumo#process,?) the 2nd argument is the product of the process, e.g., house is a result in 'Eric built a house'
subtype: pm#from/to (pm#situation,pm#entity)
subtype: pm#source (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: pm#recipient (pm#situation,pm#entity)
subtype: pm#beneficiary (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: pm#from/to_place__from/toplace (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: pm#from_place (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: pm#to_place__destination (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: pm#via_place__viaplace__via (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: pm#path (pm#process -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: sumo#origin__from (sumo#process,sumo#object) the 2nd argument (which must be present at least at the beginning of the process) indicates where the process began; for example, the submarine is the origin in 'the missile was launched from a submarine'
subtype: sumo#destination__to (sumo#process,pm#entity) the 2nd parameter is the target or goal of the process; for example, Danbury would be the destination in 'Bob went to Danbury'; this is a very general case_role which, in particular, that it covers the concepts of 'recipient' and 'beneficiary'; thus, John would be the destination in 'Tom gave a book to John'
subtype: pm#place (pm#situation -> pm#spatial_object)
subtype: pm#path_length (pm#process -> pm#spatial_attribute_or_quality_or_measure)
instance: pm#experiencer (pm#situation,pm#causal_entity)
subtype: sumo#experiencer (sumo#process,dl#agentive_physical_object) e.g., Yojo is the experiencer of seeing in 'Yojo sees the fish'; unlike agent, this relation does not entail a causal relation between the arguments
instance: sumo#exploits sumo#agent sumo#destination__to sumo#experiencer sumo#origin__from
instance: sumo#patient (sumo#process,?) the 2nd argument may be moved, said, experienced, etc; the direct objects in 'The cat swallowed the canary' and 'Billy likes the beer' would be examples of patients; the patient of a process may or may not undergo structural change as a result of the process
instance: sumo#path sumo#direction
subtype: pm#propositional_attitude_relation_type the class of intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition
instance: pm#propositional_attitude_relation (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) intentional_relations where the agent has awareness of a proposition
subtype: sumo#desires (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) the agent wants to bring about the state of affairs expressed by the formula (whcih may be already true); desires is distinguished from wants only in that the former is a propositional_attitude, while wants is an object_attitude
subtype: sumo#considers__consider (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) the agent considers or wonders about the truth of the proposition expressed by the formula
subtype: sumo#believes (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) the agent believes the proposition expressed by the formula
subtype: sumo#knows__know (sumo#cognitive_agent,sumo#formula) the agent knows the proposition expressed by the formula; knows entails conscious awareness, so this predicate cannot be used to express tacit or subconscious or unconscious knowledge
instance: sumo#desires sumo#considers__consider sumo#believes sumo#knows__know
instance: pm#asymmetric_relation (?,?) this category only serves structuration purposes: it is instance of pm#asymmetric_relation_type which is not instance of pm#class_of_inheritable_relation_type
instance: sumo#immediate_instance__immediateinstance sumo#immediate_subclass__immediate_subclass_of sumo#range sumo#range_subclass sumo#valence sumo#documentation sumo#successor_attribute__successorattribute sumo#front_fn__frontfn sumo#back_fn sumo#probability_fn__probabilityfn sumo#proper_part__proper_part_of sumo#contains sumo#member sumo#contains_information sumo#leader__leader_of sumo#attribute sumo#manner sumo#in_list sumo#closed_on sumo#reflexive_on__reflexiveon sumo#irreflexive_on__irreflexiveon sumo#partial_ordering_on sumo#total_ordering_on sumo#trichotomizing_on sumo#equivalence_relation_on sumo#causes sumo#causes_subclass sumo#time sumo#holds_during__holdsduring sumo#exploits sumo#has_purpose__haspurpose sumo#has_skill__hasskill sumo#crosses__crosse sumo#penetrates sumo#possesses__possesse sumo#precondition sumo#realization sumo#expressed_in_language sumo#uses sumo#identity_element sumo#element sumo#cardinality_fn__cardinalityfn sumo#measure sumo#duration sumo#frequency sumo#meets_temporally__meetstemporally sumo#date sumo#surface sumo#interior_part sumo#hole sumo#hole_host_fn sumo#partially_fills__partiallyfill sumo#properly_fills sumo#completely_fills sumo#fills__fill sumo#hole_skin_fn sumo#geographic_subregion sumo#geopolitical_subdivision sumo#developmental_form__developmentalform sumo#inhabits sumo#authors__author sumo#editor sumo#publishes__publishe sumo#version sumo#parent sumo#husband sumo#wife sumo#citizen sumo#modal_attribute__modalattribute
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