pm#Mediterranean_region
supertype: #region a large indefinite location on the surface of the Earth; "penguins inhabit the polar regions"
part: #Mediterranean_Sea__Mediterranean the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia
part: #Cyprus an island in the eastern Mediterranean
part: #Republic_of_Cyprus__Cyprus a country on the island of Cyprus; 80% of the people are of Greek origin and 20% or Turkish origin
part: #Nicosia__capital_of_Cyprus the capital and largest city of Cyprus
part: #Crete__Kriti the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC
part: #Egadi_Islands__Aegadean_Isles__Aegadean_Islands__Isole_Egadi__Aegates a group of islands off the west coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean
part: #Sardinia__Sardegna an island in the Mediterranean west of Italy
part: #Sicilia__Sicily the largest island in the Mediterranean
part: #siege_of_Syracuse__Syracuse the Athenian siege of Syracuse (415-413 BC) was eventually won by Syracuse
part: #siege_of_Syracuse.siege__siegeofsyracuse__Syracuse the Roman siege of Syracuse (214-212 BC) was eventually won by the Romans who sacked the city (killing Archimedes)
part: #Corsica__Corse an island in the Mediterranean; with adjacent islets it constitutes a region of France
part: #Malta a strategically located island south of Sicily in the Mediterranean Sea
part: #Republic_of_Malta__Malta a republic on the island of Malta in the Mediterranean; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1964
part: #Valletta__Valetta__capital_of_Malta the capital of Malta; located on the northeastern coast of the island
part: #Abukir_Bay__Abukir a bay on the Mediterranean Sea in northern Egypt
part: #Adriatic_Sea__Adriatic an arm of the Mediterranean between Slovenia and Croatia and Montenegro and Albania on the east and Italy on the west
part: #Aegean_Sea__Aegean an arm of the Mediterranean between Greece and Turkey; a main trade route for the ancient civilizations of Crete and Greece and Rome and Persia
part: #Aegean_island an island in the Aegean Sea
part: #Lemnos__Limnos a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea; famous for a reddish-brown clay that has medicinal properties
part: #Gulf_of_Antalya a gulf of the Mediterranean Sea in southwestern Turkey
part: #Gulf_of_Sidra wide inlet of the Mediterranean Sea on the north coast of Libya
part: #Ionian_Sea an arm of the Mediterranean Sea between western Greece and southern Italy
part: #Gulf_of_Corinth__Gulf_of_Lepanto inlet of the Ionian Sea between central Greece and the Peloponnesus
part: #Ligurian_Sea an arm of the Mediterranean between northwest Italy and Corsica
part: #Spain__Kingdom_of_Spain__Espana a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power
part: #Andalusia__Andalucia a region in southern Spain on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean; formerly a center of Moorish civilization
part: #Granada a city in southeastern Spain; site of the Alhambra (a palace and fortress built by Moslems in the Middle Ages) which is now a major tourist attraction
part: #Alhambra a palace and fortress built in Granada by the Moslems in the Middle Ages
part: #Madrid__capital_of_Spain__Spanish_capital the capital and largest city situated centrally in Spain; home of an outstanding art museum
part: #Balearic_Islands an archipelago in the western Mediterranean off the eastern coast of Spain
part: #Majorca the largest of the Balearic Islands
part: #Majorca the largest of the Balearic Islands
part: #Canary_Islands__Canaries a group of mountainous islands in the Atlantic off the northwest coast of Africa forming Spanish provinces
part: #Tenerife a Spanish island in the Atlantic off the northwestern coast of Africa; the largest of the Canary Islands
part: #Barcelona a city in northeastern Spain on the Mediterranean; 2nd largest Spanish city and the largest port and commercial center; has been a center for radical political beliefs
part: #Cadiz an ancient port city in southwestern Spain
part: #Cartagena.port__cartagena a port in southeastern Spain on the Mediterranean
part: #Cordova__Cordoba a city in southern Spain; center of Moorish culture
part: #Jerez_de_la_Frontera__Jerez a city in southwestern Spain that is famous for making sherry
part: #Leon.Spain__leon a city in northwestern Spain at the foot of the Cantabrian Mountains
part: #Malaga a port city and resort in Andalusia in southern Spain on the Mediterranean
part: #Oviedo a city in northwestern Spain near the Cantabrian Mountains
part: #San_Sebastian a city in northern Spain on the Bay of Biscay near the French border; a fashionable seaside resort
part: #Sevilla__Seville a city in southwestern Spain; a major port and cultural center; the capital of bullfighting in Spain
part: #Toledo.Spain__toledo a city in central Spain on the Tagus river; famous for steel and swords since the first century
part: #Aragon a region of northeastern Spain; a former kingdom that united with Castile in 1479 to form Spain (after the marriage of Ferdinand V and Isabella I)
part: #Zaragoza__Saragossa an ancient city in northeastern Spain; formerly the capital of Aragon
part: #Castile__Castilla a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479
part: #Catalonia a region of northeastern Spain
part: #Galicia a region (and former kingdom) in northwestern Spain on the Atlantic and the Bay of Biscay
part: #Valencia.Spain__valencia a city in eastern Spain on the Mediterranean; "Valencia is the third largest city in Spain"
part: #Lusitania ancient region and Roman province of the Iberian peninsula; corresponds roughly to modern Portugal and parts of Spain
part: #Cantabrian_Mountains a range of mountains in northern Spain along the coast of the Bay of Biscay
part: #Ebro_River__Ebro a Spanish river; flows into the Mediterranean
part: #Pyrenees a chain of mountains between France and Spain
part: #Sierra_Nevada a mountain range in southern Spain along the Mediterranean coast east of Granada
part: #Tagus_River__Tagus a European river; flows into the North Atlantic
part: #France__French_Republic a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe
part: #Dunkerque__Dunkirk a city in northern France on the North Sea where in World War II (1940) 330,000 Allied troops had to be evacuated from the beaches at Dunkirk in a desperate retreat under enemy fire
part: #Paris__City_of_Light__French_capital__capital_of_France the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce
part: #Louvre_Museum__Louvre an art museum that is a famous tourist attraction in Paris
part: #Tuileries_Gardens__Tuileries formal gardens next to the Louvre in Paris
part: #Tuileries_Palace__Tuileries palace and royal residence built for Catherine de Medicis in 1564 and burned down in 1871; all that remains today are the formal gardens
part: #Left_Bank__Latin_Quarter the region of Paris on the southern bank of the Seine; a center of artistic and student life
part: #Quai_d'Orsay the street in Paris along the south bank of the Seine known for its governmental ministries
part: #Montmartre the highest point in Paris; famous for its associations with many artists
part: #Right_Bank the region of Paris on the north bank of the Seine
part: #Ile-St-Louis island in Paris on the Seine
part: #Champs_Elysees a major avenue in Paris famous for elegant shops and cafes
part: #Orly a suburb of Paris; site of the international airport serving Paris
part: #Bordeaux a port city in southwestern France; a major center of the wine trade
part: #Brest a port city in northwestern France (in Brittany); the chief naval station of France
part: #Cannes a port and resort city on the French Riviera; site of an annual film festival
part: #Chablis a town in north central France noted for white Burgundy wines
part: #Dijon an industrial city in eastern France north of Lyons
part: #Grenoble a city in southeastern FRance on the Isere River
part: #Le_Havre a port city in northern France on the English Channel at the mouth of the Seine
part: #Lille an industrial city in northern France near the Belgian border; was the medieval capital of Flanders
part: #Lyon__Lyons a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon
part: #Marseille__Marseilles a port city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean
part: #Nancy a city in northeastern France in Lorraine
part: #Nantes a port city in western France on the Loire estuary
part: #Nice a city in southeastern France on the Mediterranean; the leading resort on the French Riviera
part: #Orleans a city on the Loire river in north central France; site of the siege of Orleans by the English (1428-1429)
part: #Toulouse a city on the Garonne River in southern France southeast of Bordeaux; a cultural center of medieval Europe
part: #Versailles a city in north central France near Paris; site of the Palace of Versailles that was built by Louis XIV in the 17th century
part: #Vichy a town in central France (south of Paris) noted for hot mineral springs; was capital of the unoccupied part of France during World War II
part: #Riviera a coastal area between La Spezia in Italy and Cannes in France; "the Riviera contains some of Europe's most popular resorts"
part: #French_Riviera__Cote_d'Azur the French part of the Riviera
part: #French_region a geographical subdivision of France
part: #Alsace__Alsatia__Elsass a region of northeastern France famous for its wines
part: #Anjou a former province of western France in the Loire valley
part: #Aquitaine__Aquitania a region of southwestern France between Bordeaux and the Pyrenees
part: #Artois a former province of northern France near the English Channel (between Picardy and Flanders)
part: #Auvergne a region in central France
part: #Bourgogne__Burgundy a former province of eastern France that is famous for its wines
part: #Bretagne__Brittany__Breiz a former province of northwestern France on a peninsula between the English Channel and the Bay of Biscay
part: #Centre a low-lying region in central France
part: #Champagne-Ardenne__Champagne a region of northeastern France
part: #Ardennes a wooded plateau in the Champagne-Ardenne region of France; the site of intense fighting in World Wars I and II
part: #battle_of_the_Ardennes_Bulge__Battle_of_the_Bulge__Ardennes_counteroffensive battle during World War II; in December 1945 von Rundstedt launched a powerful counteroffensive in the Ardennes Forest that caught the Allies by surprise
part: #Corse__Corsica a region of France on the island of Corsica; birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte
part: #Franche-Comte a former province of eastern France
part: #Gascogne__Gascony a region of southwestern France
part: #Ile-de-France a region of north central France in the Paris Basin
part: #Languedoc-Roussillon a region in south central France; named after the medieval dialect of French that was spoken there
part: #Limousin a region of central France west of the Auvergne mountains
part: #Lorraine__Lothringen an eastern French region rich in iron-ore deposits
part: #Midi the south of France
part: #Midi-Pyrenees a region in southwestern FRance
part: #Nord-Pas-de-Calais a region in northeastern France
part: #Pays_de_la_Loire an agricultural region of western France on the Bay of Biscay
part: #Mayenne a department of northwestern France in the Pays de la Loire region
part: #Picardie__Picardy a region of northern France on the English Channel
part: #Poitou-Charentes__Poitou a low-lying region of west central France on the Bay of Biscay
part: #Rhone-Alpes a mountainous region of eastern France drained by the Rhone and Saone and Isere rivers
part: #Lyonnais a former province of east central France; now administered by Rhone-Alpes
part: #Lyon__Lyons a city in east-central France on the Rhone River; a principal producer of silk and rayon
part: #Normandie__Normandy a former province of northwestern France on the English channel; divided into Haute-Normandie and Basse-Normandie
part: #Basse-Normandie__Lower-Normandy a division of Normandy
part: #Haute-Normandie__Upper-Normandy a division of Normandy
part: #Orleanais a former province of north central France; centered around Orleans
part: #Provence a former province of southeastern France; now administered with Cote d'Azur
part: #the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: #Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
part: #Matterhorn a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape
part: #Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: #Weisshorn a mountain in the Alps in Switzerland (14,804 feet high)
part: #Garonne_River__Garonne a river that rises in the Pyrenees and flows northwest to the Bay of Biscay
part: #Isere_River__Isere a river in southeastern France; a tributary of the Rhone
part: #Loire_River__Loire a French river; flows into the North Atlantic
part: #Meuse_River__Meuse a European river; flows into the North Sea
part: #Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: #Pyrenees a chain of mountains between France and Spain
part: #Rhine_River__Rhine__Rhein a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea
part: #Rhone_River__Rhone a major French river; flows into the Mediterranean near Marseilles; "the Rhone valley is famous for its vineyards"
part: #Sambre_River__Sambre a river in western Europe that rises in northern France and flows generally east into Belgium where it joins the Neuse at Namur
part: #Saone_River__Saone a river in eastern France; rises in Lorraine and flows south to become the chief tributary of the Rhone
part: #Scheldt_River__Scheldt__scheldt a river that rises in France and flows northeast across Belgium and empties into the North Sea
part: #Seine_River__Seine a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel
part: #Italy__Italian_Republic__Italia a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD
part: #Cannae ancient city is southeastern Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans in 216 BC
part: #battle_of_Caporetto__Caporetto battle of World War I (1917); Italians were defeated by the Austrian and German forces
part: #Battle_of_Lake_Trasimenus__Lake_Trasimenus a battle in 217 BC in which Hannibal ambushed a Roman army led by Flaminius
part: #battle_of_Magenta__Magenta a battle in 1859 in which the French and Sardinian forces under Napoleon III defeated the Austrians under Francis Joseph I
part: #Marengo a battle in 1800 in which the French under Napoleon Bonaparte won a great victory over the Austrians
part: #Metaurus_River a battle during the second of the Punic Wars (207 BC); Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal was defeated by the Romans which ended Hannibal's hopes for success in Italy
part: #battle_of_Ravenna__Ravenna a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512
part: #Salerno a battle in World War II; the port was captured by US troops in September 1943
part: #battle_of_Solferino__Solferino an indecisive battle in 1859 between the French and Sardinians under Emperor Napoleon III and the Austrians under Emperor Francis Joseph I
part: #battle_of_Trasimeno__Trasimeno a battle in central Italy where Hannibal defeated the Romans under Flaminius in 217 BC
part: #Appian_Way an ancient Roman road in Italy extending south from Rome to Brindisi; begun in 312 BC
part: #Flaminian_Way an ancient Roman road in Italy built by Gaius Flaminius in 220 BC; extends north from Rome to Cisalpine Gaul
part: #Italian_Peninsula a boot-shaped peninsula in southern Europe extending into the Mediterranean Sea
part: #San_Marino__Republic_of_San_Marino the smallest republic in the world; the oldest independent country in Europe (achieved independence in 301); located in the Apennines and completely surrounded by Italy
part: #San_Marino.capital__sanmarino__capital_of_San_Marino the capital and only city of San Marino
part: #Pompeii ancient city southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius
part: #Herculaneum ancient city; now destroyed
part: #Abruzzi_e_Molise__Abruzzi a mountainous region of central Italy on the Adriatic
part: #Aquila_degli_Abruzzi__Aquila__L'Aquila the provincial capital of the Abruzzi region in central Italy
part: #Basilicata__Lucania a region of southern Italy (forming the instep of the Italian `boot')
part: #Calabria a region of southern Italy (forming the toe of the Italian `boot')
part: #Campania a region of southwestern Italy on the Tyrrhenian Sea including the islands of Capri and Ischia
part: #Naples__Napoli a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region
part: #Capri an island (part of Campania) in the Bay of Naples in southern Italy; a tourist attraction noted for beautiful scenery
part: #Ischia a volcanic island (part of Campania) in the Tyrrhenian Sea at the north end of the Bay of Naples
part: #Emilia-Romagna a region of north central Italy on the Adriatic
part: #Bologna the capital of Emilia-Romagna; located in northern Italy east of the Apennines
part: #Friuli-Venezia_Giulia a region in northeastern Italy
part: #Latium__Lazio an ancient region of west central Italy (southeast of Rome) on the Tyrrhenian Sea
part: #Roma__Rome__Eternal_City__Italian_capital__capital_of_Italy capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
part: #Colosseum amphitheater in Rome built about AD 75 or 80
part: #Palatine the most important of the Seven Hills of ancient Rome; supposedly the location of the first settlement and the site of many imperial palaces
part: #Holy_See__The_Holy_See__State_of_the_Vatican_City the smallest sovereign state in the world; the see of the Pope (as the Bishop of Rome); home of the Pope and the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church; achieved independence from Italy in 1929
part: #Vatican_City__Citta_del_Vaticano the capital of the State of the Vatican City
part: #Vatican_Palace__Vatican the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City
part: #Brindisi a port city in southeastern Apulia in Italy; a center for the Crusades in the Middle Ages
part: #Tivoli__Tibur a town twenty miles east of Rome (Tibur is the ancient name); a summer resort during the Roman empire; noted for its waterfalls
part: #Liguria region of northwestern Italy on the Ligurian Sea
part: #Genoa__Genova a seaport in northwestern Italy; provincial capital of Liguria
part: #La_Spezia a port city in Liguria on an arm of the Ligurian Sea; a major seaport and year-round resort
part: #Lombardy__Lombardia a region of north central Italy bordering Switzerland
part: #Cremona a city in Lombardy on the Po River; noted for the manufacture of fine violins in the 16th-18th centuries
part: #Milan__Milano the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages
part: #Marche__Marches a region in central Italy
part: #Molise a region of south central Italy
part: #Piemonte__Piedmont the region of northwestern Italy; includes the Po valley
part: #Turin__Torino capital city of the Piemonte region of northwestern Italy
part: #Puglia__Apulia a region in southeastern Italy on the Adriatic
part: #Bari capital city of the Apulia region on the Adriatic coast
part: #Sardegna__Sardinia the Italian region on the island of Sardinia; the kingdom of Sardinia was the nucleus for uniting Italy during the 19th century
part: #Sicily__Sicilia the Italian region on the island of Sicily
part: #Egadi_Islands__Aegadean_Isles__Aegadean_Islands__Isole_Egadi__Aegates a group of islands off the west coast of Sicily in the Mediterranean
part: #Messina a port city in northeastern Sicily on the Strait of Messina
part: #Siracusa__Syracuse a city in southeastern Sicily that was founded by Corinthians in the 8th century BC
part: #Palermo the capital of Sicily; located in northwestern Sicily; an important port for 3000 years
part: #Agrigento__Acragas__Girgenti a town in Italy in southwestern Sicily near the coast; the site of six Greek temples
part: #Mount_Etna__Etna__Mt_Etna an inactive volcano in Sicily; last erupted in 1961; the highest volcano in Europe (10,500 feet)
part: #Tuscany__Toscana a region in central Italy
part: #Pisa a city in Tuscany; site of the famous Leaning Tower
part: #Firenze__Florence a city in central Italy on the Arno River; provincial capital of Tuscany; center of the Italian renaissance from 14th to 16th centuries
part: #Trentino-Alto_Adige a region of northeastern Italy
part: #Umbria a mountainous region in central Italy
part: #Valle_D'Aosta a region in northwestern Italy
part: #Veneto__Venezia-Euganea__Venetia a region of northeastern Italy on the Adriatic
part: #Padua__Padova__Patavium a city in Veneto
part: #Venice__Venezia the provincial capital of Veneto; built on 118 islands within a lagoon in the Gulf of Venice which is an arm of the Adriatic; has canals instead of streets; one of Italy's major ports and a famous tourist attraction
part: #Verona a city in Veneto on the River Adige
part: #Etruria an ancient country in central Italy; assimilated by the Romans by about 200 BC
part: #Riviera a coastal area between La Spezia in Italy and Cannes in France; "the Riviera contains some of Europe's most popular resorts"
part: #Mount_Vesuvius__Vesuvius__Mt._Vesuvius a volcano in southwestern Italy on the Mediterranean coast; erupted in 79 AD and buried Pompeii; last erupted in 1944
part: #River_Adige__Adige a river in northern Italy that flows southeast into the Adriatic Sea; "Verona is on the Adige"
part: #the_Alps__Alps a large mountain system in south-central Europe; scenic beauty and winter sports make them a popular tourist attraction
part: #Apennines a mountain range extending the length of the Italian peninsula
part: #Caudine_Forks a battle in the Apennines in 321 BC in which the Samnites defeated the Romans
part: #River_Arno__Arno a river in central Italy rising in the Apennines and flowing through Florence and Pisa to the Ligurian Sea
part: #Dolomite_Alps an eastern range of the Alps in northeastern Italy famous for their dolomitic limestone
part: #Matterhorn a mountain in the Alps on the border between Switzerland and Italy (14,780 feet high); noted for its distinctive shape
part: #Mont_Blanc__Monte_Bianco the highest mountain peak in the Alps; on the border between France and Italy south of Geneva (15,781 feet high)
part: #Po_River__Po a European river; flows into the Adriatic Sea
part: #Greece__Hellenic_Republic__Ellas town a republic in southeastern Europe on the southern part of the Balkan peninsula; known for grapes and olives and olive oil
part: #Chaeronea a battle in which Philip of Macedon defeated the Athenians and Thebans (338 BC) and also Sulla defeated Mithridates (86 BC)
part: #battle_of_Lepanto__Lepanto Turkish sea power was destroyed in 1571 by a league of Christian nations organized by the Pope
part: #battle_of_Leuctra__Leuctra Thebes defeated Sparta in 371 BC; the battle ended Sparta's military supremacy in Greece
part: #Mantinea__Mantineia the site of three famous battles among Greek city-states: in 418 BC and 362 BC and 207 BC
part: #battle_of_Marathon__Marathon a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians
part: #battle_of_Navarino__Navarino a naval battle in the War of Greek Independence (1827); the Turkish and Egyptian fleet was defeated by the allied fleet
part: #battle_of_Pharsalus__Pharsalus Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC
part: #battle_of_Thermopylae__Thermopylae a famous battle in 480 BC; a Greek army under Leonidas was annihilated by the Persians who were trying to conquer Greece
part: #Aigina__Aegina an island in the Aegean Sea in the Saronic Gulf
part: #Chios__Khios an island in the Aegean Sea off the west coast of Turkey; belongs to Greece
part: #Cyclades__Kikladhes a group of over 200 islands in the southern Aegean
part: #Dodecanese__Dhodhekanisos a group of islands in the southeast Aegean Sea
part: #Rhodes__Rodhos a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos
part: #Lesbos__Lesvos__Mytilene an island of eastern Greece in the eastern Aegean Sea; in antiquity it was famous for lyric poetry
part: #Rhodes__Rodhos a Greek island in the southeast Aegean Sea 10 miles off the Turkish coast; the largest of the Dodecanese; it was colonized before 1000 BC by Dorians from Argos
part: #Crete__Kriti the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC
part: #Ithaki__Ithaca a Greek island west of Greece; in Homeric legend Odysseus was its king
part: #Mount_Athos__Athos an autonomous area in northeastern Greece that is the site of several Greek Orthodox monasteries founded in the tenth century
part: #Athens__Athinai__capital_of_Greece__Greek_capital the capital and largest city of Greece; named after Athena (its patron goddess); "in the 5th century BC ancient Athens was the world's most powerful and civilized city"
part: #Dipylon_gate__Dipylon a gateway on the west of ancient Athens near which a distinctive style of pottery has been found
part: #Actium an ancient town on a promontory in western Greece
part: #Attica the territory of Athens in ancient Greece
part: #Corinth__Korinthos the modern Greek port near the site of the ancient city that was second only to Athens
part: #Argos an ancient city in southeastern Greece; dominated the Peloponnese in the 7th century BC
part: #Delphi an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus; site of the Temple of Apollo
part: #Temple_of_Apollo__Oracle_of_Apollo__Delphic_oracle__oracle_of_Delphi (Greek mythology) the oracle at Delphi where a priestess supposedly delivered messages from Apollo to those who sought advice; the messages were usually obscure or ambiguous
part: #Mycenae an ancient city is southern Greece; center of the Mycenaean civilization
part: #Epirus an ancient area on the Ionian Sea that flourished as a kingdom in the 3rd century BC; located in northwest Greece and southern Albania
part: #Laconia an ancient region of southern Greece in the southeastern Peloponnesus; dominated by Sparta
part: #Boeotia a district of ancient Greece northwest of Athens
part: #Thebes an ancient Greek city in Boeotia destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC
part: #Thessaloniki__Salonika__Salonica__Thessalonica a port city in northeastern Greece on an inlet of the Aegean Sea; second largest city of Greece
part: #Thessalia__Thessaly a fertile plain on the Aegean Sea in east central Greece; Thessaly was a former region of ancient Greece
part: #Arcadia a department of Greece in the central Peloponnese
part: #Peloponnese__Peloponnesus__Peloponnesian_Peninsula the southern peninsula of Greece; dominated by Sparta until the 4th century BC
part: #Sparta an ancient Greek city famous for military prowess; the dominant city of the Peloponnesus prior to the 4th century BC
part: #Olympia a plain in Greece in the northwestern Peloponnese; site of the original Olympian Games
part: #Lemnos__Limnos a Greek island in the northern Aegean Sea; famous for a reddish-brown clay that has medicinal properties
part: #Mount_Olympus__Olympus__Mt._Olympus__Olimbos a mountain in northeast Greece near the Aegean coast; believed by ancient Greeks to be the dwelling place of the gods (9,570 feet high)
part: #Mount_Parnassus__Parnassus__Liakoura a mountain in central Greece where (according to Greek mythology) the Muses lived; known as the mythological home of music and poetry; "Liakoura is the modern name of Mount Parnassus"
part: #Saronic_Gulf__Gulf_of_Aegina a gulf of the Aegean on the southeastern coast of Greece
part: #Turkey__Republic_of_Turkey a Eurasian republic in Asia Minor and the Balkans; achieved independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1923
part: #Dardanelles_campaign__Dardanelles the unsuccessful campaign in World War I (1915) by the English and French to open a passage for aid to Russia; defeated by the Turks
part: #Edirne__Adrianople__Adrianopolis a city in northwestern Turkey; a Thracian town that was rebuilt and renamed by the Roman emperor Hadrian
part: #Abydos an ancient Greek colony on the Asiatic side of the Dardanelles; scene of the legend of Hero and Leander
part: #Adana__Seyhan a city in southern Turkey on the Seyhan River
part: #Ankara__Turkish_capital__capital_of_Turkey the capital of Turkey; located in west-central Turkey; formerly known as Angora and is the home of Angora goats
part: #Antalya__Adalia a port city in southwestern Turkey on the Gulf of Antalya
part: #Antioch__Antakya__Antakiya a town in southern Turkey; ancient commercial center and capital of Syria; an early center of Christianity
part: #Dardanelles__Hellespont the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European from Asian Turkey
part: #Istanbul__Stambul__Stamboul__Constantinople the largest city and former capital of Turkey; rebuilt on the site of ancient Byzantium by Constantine I in the fourth century; renamed Constantinople by Constantine who made it the capital of the Byzantine Empire; now the seat of the Eastern Orthodox Church
part: #Bosporus_Bridge a suspension bridge across the Bosporus at Istanbul
part: #Bursa__Brusa a city in northwestern Turkey
part: #Izmir__Smyrna a port city in western Turkey
part: #Aegospotamos__Aegospotami a creek emptying into the Hellespont in present-day Turkey; at its mouth in 405 BC the Spartan fleet under Lysander defeated the Athenians and ended the Peloponnesian War
part: #Mount_Ararat__Ararat__Mt._Ararat the mountain peak that Noah's ark landed on as the waters of the great flood receded
part: #Aras__Araxes a river that rises in northeastern Turkey (near the source of the Euphrates) and flows generally eastward through Armenia to the Caspian Sea; ancient name was Araxes
part: #Bosporus a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route
part: #Euphrates_River__Euphrates a river in southwestern Asia; flows into the Persian Gulf; was important in the development of several great civilizations in ancient Mesopotamia
part: #Seyhan_River__Seyhan a Turkish river flowing south southwest into the Mediterranean
part: #Tigris_River__Tigris an Asian river; a tributary of the Euphrates River
part: pm#North_Africa
part: #Morocco__Kingdom_of_Morocco__Maroc__Marruecos__Al-Magrib a kingdom (constitutional monarchy) in northwestern Africa; achieved independence from France in 1956
part: #Casablanca a port on the Atlantic and the largest city of Morocco
part: #El_Aaium a town in Morocco near the Atlantic coast
part: #Fez__Fes a city in north central Morocco; religious center
part: #Marrakesh__Marrakech a city in western Morocco; tourist center
part: #Rabat__capital_of_Morocco the capital of Morocco; located in the northwestern on the Atlantic coast
part: #Tangier__Tangiers a city of northern Morocco at the west end of the Strait of Gibraltar; "the first tangerines were shipped from Tangier to Europe in 1841"
part: #Western_Sahara__Spanish_Sahara an area in northwestern Africa with rich phosphate deposits; under Moroccan control since 1992
part: #Jebel_Musa__Abila__Abyla a promontory in northern Morocco opposite the Rock of Gibraltar; one of the Pillars of Hercules
part: #Tunisia__Republic_of_Tunisia a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean coast; achieved independence from France in 1956; "southern Tunisia is mostly desert"
part: #battle_of_Zama__Zama the battle in 202 BC in which Scipio decisively defeated Hannibal at the end of the second Punic War
part: #Tunis__capital_of_Tunisia the capital and principal port of Tunisia
part: #Sfax__Safaqis the second largest city in Tunisia; located in eastern Tunisia near a phosphate region
part: #Algeria__Democratic_and_Popular_Republic_of_Algeria__Algerie a republic in northwestern Africa on the Mediterranean Sea; colonized by France in the 19th century but gained autonomy in the early 1960s
part: #Algiers__Algerian_capital an ancient port on the Mediterranean; the capital and largest city of Algeria
part: #Oran a port city in northwestern Algeria and the country's 2nd largest city
part: #Egypt__Arab_Republic_of_Egypt__United_Arab_Republic a republic in northeastern Africa known as the United Arab Republic until 1971; site of an ancient civilization that flourished from 2600 to 30 BC
part: #Aswan_High_Dam__Aswan_Dam__High_Dam one of the world's largest dams on the Nile River in southern Egypt
part: #Sinai_Peninsula__Sinai a peninsula in northeastern Egypt; at north end of Red Sea
part: #Sinai_Desert__Sinai a desert on the Sinai Peninsula in northeastern Egypt
part: #Mount_Sinai__Sinai a mountain peak in the southern Sinai Peninsula (7,500 feet high); it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments
part: #El_Iskandriyah__Alexandria the chief port of Egypt; located on the western edge of the Nile delta on the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Alexander the Great; the capital of ancient Egypt
part: #Aswan__Assuan__Assouan an ancient city on the Nile in Egypt; site of the Aswan High Dam
part: #Cairo__El_Qahira__Egyptian_capital__capital_of_Egypt the capital of Egypt and the largest city in Africa; a major port just south of the Nile Delta; formerly the home of the Pharaohs
part: #El_Alamein a village west of Alexandria on the north coast of Egypt; the scene of a decisive Allied victory over the Germans in 1942
part: #Giza__El_Giza an ancient Egyptian city on the west bank of the Nile opposite Cairo; site of three Great Pyramids and the Sphinx
part: #Memphis.Egypt__memphi an ancient city of Egypt (S of Cairo)
part: #Luxor a city in central Egypt on the east bank of the Nile; site of the Temple of Luxor
part: #Saqqara__Saqqarah__Sakkara a town in northern Egypt; site of the oldest Egyptian pyramids (the Step Pyramid)
part: #Suez a city in northeastern Egypt at the head of the Gulf of Suez and at the southern end of the Suez Canal
part: #Suez_Canal a ship canal in northeastern Egypt linking the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea
part: #Lake_Nasser__Nasser lake in Egypt formed by dams built on the Nile River at Aswan
part: #Nile_River__Nile world's longest river (4187 miles); flows northern through Africa into the Mediterranean; the Nile River valley in Egypt was the site of the world's first great civilization
part: #Arabian_Peninsula__Arabia a peninsula between the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf; strategically important for its oil resources
part: #Oman__Sultanate_of_Oman__Muscat_and_Oman a strategically located monarchy on the southern and eastern coasts of the Arabian Peninsula; the economy is dominated by oil
part: #Muscat__Masqat__capital_of_Oman a port on the Gulf of Oman and capital of the sultanate of Oman
part: #Qatar_Peninsula__Qatar__Katar__Katar_Peninsula a peninsula extending northward from the Arabian mainland into the Persian Gulf
part: #Qatar__State_of_Qatar__Katar__State_of_Katar an Arab country on the peninsula of Qatar; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; the economy is dominated by oil
part: #Doha__Bida__El_Beda__capital_of_Qatar the capital and chief port of Qatar
part: #Saudi_Arabia__Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia a kingdom occupying most of the Arabian Peninsula in southwest Asia; vast oil reserves dominate the economy
part: #Riyadh__capital_of_Saudi_Arabia joint capital (with Mecca) of Saudi Arabia located in the central oasis; largest city in Saudi Arabia
part: #Mecca joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Mohammed it is the holiest city of Islam
part: #Medina__Al_Madinah a city in western Saudi Arabia; site of the tomb of Mohammed; the second most holy city of Islam
part: #Jiddah__Jidda port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea
part: #United_Arab_Emirates a federation of seven Arab emirates on the eastern Arabian peninsula; achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1971; rich in oil reserves
part: #Abu_Dhabi__United_Arab_Emirates's_capital a sheikhdom of eastern Arabia and capital of the United Arab Emirates
part: #Dubai port city in the United Arab Emirates on the Persian Gulf
part: #Yemen__Republic_of_Yemen a republic on the southwestern corner of the Arabian Peninsula on the Indian Ocean; formed in 1990 when North Yemen and South Yemen merged
part: #Aden chief port of Yemen; located on the Gulf of Aden; its strategic location have made it a major trading center of southern Arabia since ancient times
part: #San'a__Sanaa__Sana the capital and largest city of Yemen; on the central plateau
part: #Arabian_Desert a desert on the Arabian Peninsula in southwestern Asia
1 statement is about a direct instance of pm#Mediterranean_region: wotif#graph183_on_restaurant No statement uses a specialization of pm#Mediterranean_region; click here to add a statement.